PROBLEM 10.

81
Spring AB of constant 10 lb/in. is attached to two identical drums as
shown. Knowing that the spring is unstretched when θ = 0, determine
(a) the range of values of the weight W of the block for which a position
of equilibrium exists, (b) the range of values of θ for which the
equilibrium is stable.

SOLUTION

1 2
Have V = kxSP − Wy
2 block

where xSP = 2rA sin θ , rA = 6 in.

and yblock = rθ , r = 8 in.

1
k ( 2rA sin θ ) − Wrθ
2
Then V =
2

= 2krA2 sin 2 θ − Wrθ

dV
and = 2krA2 ( 2sin θ cosθ ) − Wr
dθ

= 2krA2 sin 2θ − Wr

d 2V
= 4krA2 cos 2θ (1)
dθ 2

dV
For equilibrium = 0: 2krA2 sin 2θ − Wr = 0
dθ

2 (10 lb/in.)( 6 in.) sin 2θ − W ( 8 in.) = 0

2
Substituting,

or W = 90sin 2θ (lb)

(a) From Equation (2), with W ≥ 0: 0 ≤ W ≤ 90 lb

d 2V
(b) From Stable equilibrium >0
dθ 2

Then from Equation (1), cos 2θ > 0

or 0 ≤ θ ≤ 45°
 PROBLEM 10.82
Spring AB of constant 10 lb/in. is attached to two identical drums as
shown. Knowing that the spring is unstretched when θ = 0 and that
W = 40 lb, determine the values of θ less than 180° corresponding to
equilibrium. State in each case whether the equilibrium is stable,
unstable, or neutral.

SOLUTION

See sketch, Problem 10.81.

Using Equation (2) of Problem 10.81, with W = 40 lb

40 = 90sin 2θ (for equilibrium)

Solving θ = 13.1939° and θ = 76.806°

Using Equation (1) of Problem 10.81, we have

d 2V
At θ = 13.1939°: = 4krA2 cos ( 2 × 13.1939° ) > 0 ∴ θ = 13.19°, Stable
dθ 2

d 2V
At θ = 76.806°: = 4krA2 cos ( 2 × 76.806° ) < 0 ∴ θ = 76.8°, Unstable
dθ 2
 PROBLEM 10.83
A slender rod AB of negligible weight is attached to two collars A and B that
can move freely along the guide rods shown. Knowing that β = 30o and
P = Q = 100 lb, determine the value of the angle θ corresponding to
equilibrium.

SOLUTION

yA L
Law of Sines =
sin ( 90° + β − θ ) sin ( 90 − β )

yA L
=
cos (θ − β ) cos β

cos (θ − β )
or yA = L
cos β

cos (θ − β )
From the figure: yB = L − L cosθ
cos β

 cos (θ − β )  cos (θ − β )
Potential Energy: V = − PyB − Qy A = − P  L − L cosθ  − QL
 cos β  cos β

dV  sin (θ − β )  sin (θ − β )
= − PL  − + sin θ  + QL
dθ  cos β  cos β

sin (θ − β )
= L ( P + Q) − PL sin θ
cos β

dV sin (θ − β )
Equilibrium = 0: L ( P + Q ) − PL sin θ = 0
dθ cos β

or ( P + Q ) sin (θ − β ) = P sin θ cos β

( P + Q )( sin θ cos β − cosθ sin β ) = P sin θ cos β

 PROBLEM 10.83 CONTINUED

or − ( P + Q ) cosθ sin β + Q sin θ cos β = 0

P + Q sin β sin θ
− + =0
Q cos β cosθ

P+Q
tan θ = tan β (2)
Q

With P = Q = 100 lb, β = 30°

200 lb
tan θ = tan 30° = 1.1547
100 lb

θ = 49.1°
 PROBLEM 10.84
A slender rod AB of negligible weight is attached to two collars A and B
that can move freely along the guide rods shown. Knowing that
β = 30o , P = 40 lb, and Q = 10 lb, determine the value of the angle θ
corresponding to equilibrium.

SOLUTION

Using Equation (2) of Problem 10.83, with P = 40 lb, Q = 10 lb, and β = 30°, we have

tan θ =
( 40 lb )(10 lb ) tan 30° = 2.88675
(10 lb )
θ = 70.89° θ = 70.9°
 PROBLEM 10.85
Collar A can slide freely on the semicircular rod shown. Knowing that the
constant of the spring is k and that the unstretched length of the spring is
equal to the radius r, determine the value of θ corresponding to
equilibrium when m = 20 kg, r = 180 mm, and k = 3 N/mm.

SOLUTION

Stretch of Spring
s = AB − r

s = 2 ( r cosθ ) − r

s = r ( 2cosθ − 1)

1 2
Potential Energy: V = ks − Wr sin 2θ W = mg
2
1 2
kr ( 2 cos θ − 1) − Wr sin 2θ
2
V =
2
dV
= −kr 2 ( 2cosθ − 1) 2sin θ − 2Wr cos 2θ
dθ
Equilibrium
dV
= 0: −kr 2 ( 2cosθ − 1) sin θ − Wr cos 2θ = 0
dθ

( 2cosθ − 1) sin θ
=−
W
cos 2θ kr

Now
W
=
(
( 20 kg ) 9.81 m/s2 )
= 0.36333
kr ( 3000 N/m )( 0.180 m )

Then
( 2cosθ − 1) sin θ
= −0.36333
cos 2θ
Solving numerically, θ = 0.9580 rad = 54.9° θ = 54.9°
 PROBLEM 10.86
Collar A can slide freely on the semicircular rod shown. Knowing that the
constant of the spring is k and that the unstretched length of the spring is
equal to the radius r, determine the value of θ corresponding to equilibrium
when m = 20 kg, r = 180 mm, and k = 3 N/mm.

SOLUTION Stretch of spring

s = AB − r = 2 ( r cosθ ) − r

s = r ( 2 cosθ − 1)

1 2
V = ks − Wr cos 2θ
2

1 2
kr ( 2cosθ − 1) − Wr cos 2θ
2
=
2

dV
= −kr 2 ( 2cosθ − 1) 2sin θ + 2Wr sin 2θ
dθ

Equilibrium

dV
= 0: − kr 2 ( 2cosθ − 1) sin θ + Wr sin 2θ = 0
dθ

−kr 2 ( 2cosθ − 1) sin θ + Wr ( 2sin θ cosθ ) = 0

or
( 2cosθ− 1) sin θ
=
W
2cosθ kr

Now
W
=
(
( 20 kg ) 9.81 m/s2 )= 0.36333
kr ( 3000 N/m )( 0.180 m )
2 cosθ − 1
Then = 0.36333
2cosθ

Solving θ = 38.2482° θ = 38.2° W

 PROBLEM 10.87
The 12-kg block D can slide freely on the inclined surface. Knowing that
the constant of the spring is 480 N/m and that the spring is unstretched
when θ = 0, determine the value of θ corresponding to equilibrium.

SOLUTION

First note, by Law of Cosines

2
 θ  θ θ
d = ( 0.4 ) +  0.4sin  − 2 ( 0.4 )  0.4sin  cos
2 2

 2  2 2

θ
or d = 0.4 1 + sin 2 − sin θ m
2
Now
1 2
V = kxSP − mD gyD
2
1
k ( rAθ ) − mD g ( yD )0 + ( 0.4 − d ) sin 60° 
2
=
2

1 2 2   θ  
= krAθ − mD g ( yD )0 +  0.4 − 0.4 1 + sin 2 − sin θ  sin 60° 
2  2
   

dV
For equilibrium = 0:
dθ

 1  θ θ 
2   sin cos − cosθ 
2 2 2
krA2θ + 0.4mD g sin 60°    =0
θ
2 1 + sin 2 − sin θ
2
sin θ − 2 cosθ
or krA2θ + 0.1mD g sin 60° =0
2θ
1 + sin − sin θ
2
PROBLEM 10.87 CONTINUED

Substituting,
θ
( 480 N/m )( 0.050 m )2 θ 1 + sin 2 − sin θ
2

(
+ ( 0.1 m )(12 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ) 2
3
( sin θ − 2cosθ ) = 0

θ
or θ 1 + sin 2 − sin θ + 8.4957 ( sin θ − 2 cosθ ) = 0
2
Solving numerically, θ = 1.07223 rad
or θ = 61.4° W
 PROBLEM 10.88
Cable AB is attached to two springs and passes through a ring at C.
Knowing that the springs are unstretched when y = 0, determine the
distance y corresponding to equilibrium.

SOLUTION

First note that the tension in the cable is the same throughout.
∴ F1 = F2
or k1x1 = k2 x2
k1
or x2 = x1
k2

960 N/m
= x1
480 N/m
= 2x1
Now, point C is midway between the pulleys.
 1 2
∴ y 2 = 0.2 + ( x1 + x2 )  − ( 0.2 )
2

 2 
1
= 0.2 ( x1 + x2 ) + ( x1 + x2 )2
4
1
= 0.2 ( x1 + 2 x1 ) + ( x1 + 2 x1 )2
4

= 0.6 x1 +
9 2
4
( )
x1 m 2
 PROBLEM 10.88 CONTINUED

Now
1 2 1
V = k1x1 + k2 x22 − mgy
2 2
1 2 1 1 
k1x1 + k2 ( 2 x1 ) − mg 
2
= 2.4 x1 + 9 x12 
2 2  4 

( k1 + 4k2 ) x12 − mg  2.4 x1 + 9 x12 

1 1
=
2 4 

For equilibrium

dV  2.4 + 18x1 
= 0: ( k1 + 4k2 ) x1 − mg  =0
dx1  2 2.4 x + 9 x 2 
 1 1 

or ( 980 + 4 × 490 ) N/m × ( x1 )( m ) ( 2.4 x1 + 9 x12 ) ( m ) − 12 (10 kg ) (9.81 m/s ) (1.2 + 9x )( m ) = 0

2
1

or 288x1 2.4 x1 + 9 x12 − 5.886 (1 + 7.5x1 ) = 0

Solving, x1 = 0.068151 m
9
Then y 2 = 0.6 ( 0.068151) + ( 0.068151)2 or y = 227 mm W
4
 PROBLEM 10.89
Rod AB is attached to a hinge at A and to two springs, each of constant k.
If h = 50 in., d = 24 in., and W = 160 lb, determine the range of
values of k for which the equilibrium of the rod is stable in the position
shown. Each spring can act in either tension or compression.

SOLUTION

Have xC = d sin θ yB = h cosθ

1 
Potential Energy: V = 2  kxC2 + WyB 
 2 

= kd 2 sin 2 θ + Wh cosθ
dV
Then = 2kd 2 sin θ cosθ − Wh sin θ
dθ

= kd 2 sin 2θ − Wh sin θ

d 2V
and = 2kd 2 cos 2θ − Wh cosθ (1)
dθ 2
For equilibrium position θ = 0 to be stable, we must have
d 2V
= 2kd 2 − Wh > 0
dθ 2
1
or kd 2 > Wh (2)
2

1 d 2V
Note: For kd 2 = Wh, we have = 0, so that we must determine which is the first derivative that is not
2 dθ 2
equal to zero. Differentiating Equation (1), we write
d 3V
= −4kd 2 sin 2θ + Wh sin θ = 0 for θ = 0
dθ 3

d 4V
= −8kd 2 cos 2θ + Wh cosθ
dθ 2
 PROBLEM 10.89 CONTINUED

d 4V
For θ = 0: = −8kd 2 + Wh
dθ 4
1 d 4V 1
Since kd 2 = Wh, = −4Wh + Wh < 0, we conclude that the equilibrium is unstable for kd 2 = Wh
2 dθ 4
2
and the > sign in Equation (2) is correct.
With W = 160 lb, h = 50 in., and d = 24 in.
1
k ( 24 in.) > (160 lb )( 50 in.)
2
Equation (2) gives
2
or k > 6.944 lb/in.
k > 6.94 lb/in. W
 PROBLEM 10.90
Rod AB is attached to a hinge at A and to two springs, each of constant k.
If h = 30 in., k = 4 lb/in., and W = 40 lb, determine the smallest
distance d for which the equilibrium of the rod is stable in the position
shown. Each spring can act in either tension or compression.

SOLUTION

Using Equation (2) of Problem 10.89 with

h = 30 in., k = 4 lb/in., and W = 40 lb

1
( 4 lb/in.) d 2 > ( 40 lb )( 30 in.)
2

or d 2 > 150 in 2

d > 12.247 in.

smallest d = 12.25 in. W