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Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Abdurrahman Mosaad Orthodontics Department Armed Forces Medical Complex - Kobry Al Qubba
Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Abdurrahman Mosaad Orthodontics Department Armed Forces Medical Complex - Kobry Al Qubba
tooth
movement
Abdurrahman Mosaad
Orthodontics department
Armed forces medical complex – Kobry
al Qubba
In the name of Allah , most
gracious , most merciful
# What is orthodontics :
= a vector could be
resolved into components
along x , y & z axes
= Clinically the determination of the horizontal,
vertical, and transverse components of a force
improves the understanding of the direction of
tooth movement
- A couple is
-1st order
-- 2nd order
-- 3rd order
# Anchorage
-Anchorage is the site
of delivery from which
force is exerted
- degree of resistance
to displacement
offered by an anatomic
unit for the purpose of
tooth movement.
# Classification of ortho. Anchorage
-acc. to manner of force application :
* simple * stationary * reciprocal
- according to site :
* intraoral * extaraoral * muscular
-Moderate anch.
* ¼ - ½ of ext space should be lost
- Minimum anch.
* more than ½ ext space could be lost
Maximum anch.
Moderate anch.
Minimum anch.
# Equivalent Force systems
= A useful method for
predicting the type of tooth
movement that will occur with
appliance activation is to
determine the equivalent force
system at the tooth’s center of
resistance
1 – tipping
* controlled 5:1
* uncontrolled 7 : 1
2 – translation 10 : 1
3 – root movement 12 : 1
Types of orthodontic forces acc. to Duration
- continuous
- interrupted
- intermitted
* Threshold --- 6 hrs per day.
resorption .
* declines to zero
* very high force 250 – 500 gm.( anch – dist )
* 14 hrs/day is optimal
-Force level :
Phase 3
Phase 2
Phase 1
Tooth mov.
Phase 3
• Osteoclasts formed
Phase 2
• *Removing lamina dura.
*Tooth movement begins
*This process is called Time
“FRONTAL RESORPTION”.
( remodeling process )
-Phases of orthodontic tooth movement :-
Phase 3
Phase 2
Phase 1
1 – orthodontic wires
*material of the wire
* effect of increasing wire diameter
2 – orthodontic brackets
* edgewise vs pre-adjusted (roth)
* self ligating brackets
* size of slots
* interbracket distance
* torque of the brackets
force
deflection
Modulus of elasticity of the wire
14’’ 50gm
16’’ 85gm 71% increase
18’’ 137gm 173% increase
100% 200% 300% 400%
Percentage increase in
stiffness
Wire diameter
Effect of increasing wire diameter
Torque selection of lower teeth brackets
Torque selection of upper teeth brackets
Finally :
Optimal force
is the lightest force that will move a
tooth to a desired position in the shortest
possible time without iatrogenic effects