11 Atan takes part in event during his school sports day.

After the event, he found out that

his spectacles are covered with dust. He blows the dust on the glasses and found out the
water vapour formed.

Atan mengambil bahagian dalam suatu acara semasa hari sukan sekolahnya. Selepas
acara itu, dia mendapati cermin matanya berhabuk. Dia menghembuskan habuk pada
cermin mata itu dan mendapati wap air terbentuk.

(a) What is the percentage of the carbon dioxide and oxygen composition in the air blown
by Atan ?
Write your answer in the table below. Berapakah jawapan anda dalam jadual di
bawah.

(b) Why the water vapour formed on the surface of the glasses of his spectacles?
Mengapakah wap air terbentuk pada permukaan cermin matanya?

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(1 markah]

(c) Atan wants to prove that the exhaled air contains carbon dioxide.
Explain how he could determine the presence of carbon dioxide.
Atan hendak membuktikan yang udara hembusan mengandungi karbon dioksida.
Terangkan bagaimana dia boleh mengenal pasti kehadiran karbon dioksida.
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[2 markah]

(d) (i) Atan represents his school in 100 m sprint event. Explain why he becomes breathless
after the event.
Atan mewakili sekolahnya dalam acara larian pecut 100 m. Jelaskan mengapa dia
tercungkap-cungap selepas larian itu.

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[2 markah]

(ii) Before the event, Atan did a warm-up activity. Explain why the warm-up activity is
important?
Sebelum acara itu, Atan melakukan aktiviti memanaskan badan. Jelaskan mengapa
aktiviti memanaskan badan itu penting?

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[3 markah]
12 (a) Diagram 12 shows a structure of human kidney.
Rajah 12 menunjukkan suatu struktur ginjal manusia.

(i) On Diagram 12, label X.

Pada Rajah 12, label X.
[1 markah]

(ii) State two functions of kidney other than excreting urea, water and mineral salt.
Nyatakan dua fungsi ginjal selain daripada menyingkirkan urea, air dan garam
mineral.

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[2 markah]

(b) A patient with kidney failure need to undergoes haemodialysis treatment .

Explain how the treatment replace the function of a kidney.
Seorang pesakit yang mengalami kegagalan ginjal perlu menjalani rawatan
hemodialisis. Jelaskan bagaimana rawatan itu meggantikan fungsi ginjal.

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[2 markah]
(c) The following bar chart shows the number of patients with kidney failures and their
causes.
Carta bar berikut menunjukkan bilangan pesakit yang mengalami kegagalan ginjal dan
penyebabnya.

(i) Based on the bar chart, state the number of patients with kidney failure in year
2012.
Berdasarkan carta palang, nyatakan bilangan pesakit yang mengalami kegagalan
ginjal bagi tahun 2012.

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[1 markah]
(ii) State the main cause of kidney failure.
Nyatakan punca utama kegagalan ginjal.

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(iii) State a possible advice by a doctor to a patient who undergoes haemodialysis
treatment .
Nyatakan nasihat yang mungkin diberikan oleh doctor kepada pesakit yang
menjalani rawatan hemodialisis.

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[1 markah]

(iv) Explain the consequences faced by the patient if the advice is ignored.
Jelaskan akibat yang akan dihadapi oleh pesakit itu jika nasihat tersebut diabaikan.

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[2 markah]