Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SSC History Capsule
SSC History Capsule
History of Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1351 – 1388) :
He was Muhammad’s cousin. He was chosen the
Sultan by the nobles.
He tried to appease everybody. He cancelled the
loans of peasants which had been advanced by his
predecessor.
He made iqtadary system hereditary. The
principle of heredity was recognised not only in
civil offices, but also in army. Soldiers were given
land assignments instead of cash payment.
Imposed some new taxes :
1. Kharaj : a land tax equal to 1/10 of the produce
of the land (by Hindus only).
2. Jaziya : a tax by non – muslims (even by
brahmins).
www.bankersadda.com | www.careerpower.in | www.careeradda.co.in
Page 8
3. Zakat : Tax on property (@ 2.5%) (by Muslims Introduced the Gaz‐i‐Sikandari (Sikandar’s yard)
only). of 32 digits for measuring cultivated fields.
4. Khams : 1 / 5th of booty captured in war. In 1504, he founded the city of Agra and made it
Took steps to translate Hindu religious texts & his capital.
Sanskrit books on music into Persian. Was a poet himself and wrote verses in Persian
Built new towns : Hissar, Firozpur, Fatehabad, under the pen‐name of Gulrukhi.
Firozabad (the present day Firoz Shah Kotla in Repaired Qutab Minar
Delhi) and Jaunpur.
Repaired Qutab Minar when it was struck by Ibrahim Lodhi (1517 – 1526):
lightening. Was defeated and killed by Babur in the I Battle of
Built his capital Firozabad and to beautify it, Panipat in 1526.
brought 2 Ashoka Pillars, one from Topara in With this the Sultanate of Delhi ended.
Ambala & the other from Meerut.
Wrote a book ‘Fatuhat Firozshahi
Khwaja Abdul Malik Isami wrote Futuh – us –
Sulatin.
He formed Diwan – i – Khairat and built Dar – ul –
Shafa or a charitable hospital at Delhi. Also History of Malwa :
introduced 2 new coins – Adha (50% jital) and Malwa was annexed by Alauddin Khalji in 1305
bikh (25% jital). and remained a part of Sultanate until its
Governor; Dihawan Khan Ghuri asserted his
The Later Tughlaqs History : independence in 1435.
Firoz Tughlaq was succeeded by his grand son It became powerful under the reign of Hushang
who took up the title of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq Shah Shah. He beautified the city Mandu with Jama
II. He was a pleasure – loving king who tried to Masjid, Hindol Mahal and Jahaz Mahal. Next ruler,
strengthen his position by merely disposing of all Mahmud Khalji was defeated by Rana Kumbha.
possible rivals. Malwa became a part of Gujarat in 1531, and was
Ghiyasuddin was replaced by Abu Bakr Shah in finally annexed by the Mughals in 1562.
1389.
Abu Bakr was replaced by Nasiruddin Muhammad History of Mewar :
in 1390, who ruled till 1394 Alauddin Khalji captured its capital Chittor in
1303. But Rajput rule was soon restored by Rana
Sayyid Dynasty Hamir (1326‐64).
Khizr Khan (1414 – 1421) founded the dynasty The greatest ruler of this house was the famous
and claimed to have descended from the prophet Rana Kumbha Karan (1538‐68). Rana Kumbha
of Islam. built the famous victory tower or ‘Vijaya Stambh’
Khizr Khan’s 3 successors – Mubarak Shah (1421 – at Chittor to commemorate his victory over
33), Muhammad Shah (1434 – 43) and Alauddin Mahmud Khalji of Malwa.
Alam Shah (1443 – 51) were incapable leaders His court was adorned by Mandan who wrote
Yahya – bin – Ahmed – bin – Abdullah – Sirhindi many books on architecture (Parsad Mandan,
wrote Tarikh – i – Mubarakshahi (history from Rupa Mandan).
Mahmud to Muhammad Shah of Sayyid Dynasty). Another important king was Rana Sangram Singh
(1509‐28), who defeated Mahmud‐II of Malwa and
Ibrahim Lodhi. But he was defeated by Babur at
Khanua in 1527.
RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS IN HISTORY
THE LODHI DYNASTY History of Sufis :
There were 3 chief orders of Sufis in India : The
History of Bahlul Lodhi (1451 – 1489): Chishti, The Suharawadi and the Silsilah of
Conquested Jaunpur by ousting Sharqui dynasty. Firdausi.
Revived Sultanate to quite an extent.
The Chishti History :
The Chisti order was established by Khwaja
History of Sikandar Lodhi (1489 – 1517): Muinuddin Chishti (Ajmer). His two main disciples
Real name was Nizam Khan. Noblest of the three were Bakhtiyar
Lodhi rulers Kaki and Shaikh Hamiduddin Sufi.
MODERN INDIAN HISTORY
Portuguese in India In 1661, the Portuguese king gave Bombay to
The Portuguese voyager Vasco da Gama reached Charles II of England as dowry, for marrying his
Calicut on May 17, 1498. sister.
The first Governor of Portuguese in India was
Francisco Almeida. Dutch East India Company :
Dutch East India Company was formed in 1602.
Page 12
Page 16
Page 20