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Toxicology: Metals in Fishes
Toxicology: Metals in Fishes
Metals in Fishes
Metal levels in different organs of fish samples collected from Kapar, and metal permissible limits by different authorities.
Metal levels in different organs of fish samples collected from Mersing and metal permissible limits by different authorities.
Zn Cu Mn Cd
A.thalassinus Muscle 30.21±9.60 1.56±0.12 0.92±0.07 0.027±0.01
Liver 409.6±13.50 55.87±2.3 6.21±0.25 13.35±1.50
Gills 739.6±43.50 3.60±0.24 28.24±1.80 0.08±0.02
J. belangeri Muscle 13.12±0.76 0.95±0.07 0.97±0.12 0.04±0.02
Liver 56.30±1.30 13.50±0.6 5.69±0.12 0.47±0.20
Gills 55.40±2.60 1.96±0.37 16.01±3.70 0.076±0.03
FAO/WHO* 150 10 5.4 0.2
Authorities
MFR** 100 30 NP 1
* FAO/WHO (1984) / **Malaysian Food Regulation (MFR, 1985) / NP means no permissible limits in MFR
Paramete
Species r Cu Pb Cr Cd Mn Co Fe Ni Zn
Bone
Nile Mean 2.33 0.88 3.02 1.62 6.27 6.09 134.75 0.47 105.57
Tilapia St. Dev. 0.11 0.15 0.09 0.04 0.19 0.25 16.71 0.04 21.4
(Oreochromis St. Er 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.08 0.10 6.82 0.02 8.74
niloticus) Flesh
Mean 0.85 1.24 0.37 0.58 1.01 1.61 64.87 0.41 24.95
St. Dev. 0.15 0.25 0.14 0.03 0.32 0.13 8.43 0.08 1.80
St. Er 0.06 0.10 0.06 0.01 0.13 0.05 3.44 0.03 0.78
Bone
Mean 3.37 1.11 3.65 1.66 12.53 5.77 99.53 0.36 153.90
St. Dev. 0.12 0.06 0.32 0.12 0.44 0.23 3.63 0.06 3.65
Common Carp
St. Er 0.05 0.02 0.13 0.05 0.18 0.09 1.48 0.02 1.49
(Cyprinus
Flesh
carpio)
Mean 1.40 1.24 0.65 0.53 1.79 1.50 49.59 0.53 46.08
St. Dev. 0.09 0.20 0.14 0.07 0.53 0.15 1.37 0.08 1.93
St. Er 0.04 0.08 0.06 0.03 0.22 0.06 0.56 0.03 0.79
Permissible
limits
1989)[65
]
Table 2: Concentration mean and range (µg g -1dry wt) of heavy metals in muscle tissues of fishes from East Kolkata Wetlands (n=35)
Range
Metals FAO/WHO guidelines Mean
Minimum Maximum
Fish Species
Cu Zn Mn Fe Cd Ni Hg As
(no of samples)
molitrix (3) (21.1±6.1) (45.1±2.9) (4.9±0.6) (83.2±16.6) (0.7±0.3) (6.4±1.1) (0.3±0.1) (0.1±0.1)
mossambica (2) (5.0±1.0) (38.9±8.0) (13.0±0.1) (41.4±10.5) (2.5±0.5) (7.0±2.0) (0.1±0.1) (0.8±0.1)
Corpus corpino Gomishan wetland 141.14 + 26.35 46.42+ 11.57 34.29 + 9.56
Mugila auratus Gomishan wetland 88.52 + 28.61 24.03+ 9.96 130.29 + 31.98
Rutilus frisikutum Gomishan wetland 138.80 + 32.73 44.62+ 14.37 66.87 + 29.90
ND = Not detected
Table 1 Heavy metal content (mg/kg dw) in di erent tissues and species of fishes
Tissues Fish Cd Pb Cr Zn Cu
Skin C. carpio 0.015 0.010 0.251 0.009 1.181 0.141 773 11 0.480 0.090
C. auratus 0.018 0.010 0.491 0.050 0.939 0.090 447 12 1.152 0.101
H. molitrix 0.009 0.003 0.308 0.007 0.324 0.019 141 7 0.869 0.079
A. nobilis 0.007 0.001 0.296 0.009 0.366 0.030 157 6 0.909 0.069
Gonad C. carpio 0.017 0.010 0.155 0.009 1.316 0.138 907 14 4.615 0.009
C. auratus 0.010 0.000 0.201 0.013 1.038 0.120 249 9 13.617 0.128
C. auratus 0.013 0.008 0.287 0.010 0.387 0.109 130 7 1.890 0.301
Table 3 Total contents of heavy metals in skin and muscle of fish from Taihu Lake
WHO limit for heavy metals in food 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
FAO limit for Heavy metals in fish 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
Clarias lazera 0.001 ±0.00 0.001 ±0.00 0.004 ±0.001 0.003 ±0.001
Citarinus citharus 0.001 ±0.00 0.002 ±0.00 0.005 ±0.001 0.003 ±0.001
Tilapia zilli 0.001 ±0.00 0.001 ±0.00 0.004 ±0.001 0.002 ±0.001
WHO limit for heavy metals in food 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
FAO limit for Heavy metals in fish 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Metacembelus Iconnbergii 0.002 ±0.001 0.002 ±0.001 0.006 ±0.001 0.004 ±0.001
Clarias lazera 0.001 ±0.00 0.001 ±0.00 0.005 ±0.001 0.003 ±0.001
Citarinus citharus 0.001 ±0.00 0.001 ±0.00 0.005 ±0.001 0.004 ±0.001
Tilapia zilli 0.001 ±0.00 0.002 ±0.001 0.005 ±0.001 0.003 ±0.001
WHO limit for heavy metals in food 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
FAO limit for Heavy metals in fish 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
ND = Not Detected.