CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

A. Background

Speaking is "the process of building and sharing meaning through the use
of verbal and non-verbal symbols, in a variety of contexts" (Chaney, 1998, p.
13). Speaking is a crucial part of second language learning and teaching.
Despite its importance, for many years, teaching speaking has been
undervalued and English language teachers have continued to teach speaking
just as a repetition of drills or memorization of dialogues. However, today's
world requires that the goal of teaching speaking should improve students'
communicative skills, because, only in that way, students can express
themselves and learn how to follow the social and cultural rules appropriate in
each communicative circumstance.
In order to teach second language learners how to speak in the best way
possible, some speaking activities and how to make good class environmet are
provided below, that can be applied to ESL and EFL classroom settings,
together with suggestions for teachers who teach oral language.

B. Problem Formulation
1. Things That Important In Speaking Class
2. Speaking Class Activity

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Things That Important in Speaking Class

To teach speaking in the class besides has to prepared the lesson material, a
teacher also should pay attentions to these things to make good speaking class
environment.

1. Warm up

Making it fun gets students involved. Have an attractive “starter” for each
lesson, a fun video or song to listen to and then gap-fill missing words. This
makes the conversation topic interesting for the students and starts them
making associations and discussion points. You would be amazed at the power
and motivation a simple 5-minute introduction can bring to the whole 90
minutes.

Traditional discussion work from a textbook can be good too. It may

be comforting for students who like a classical approach to study but try and
spice it up with extras and ideas of your own.

2. Be Approachable and Friendly

Many students have commented that they felt comfortable to speak in my

lessons because they knew they would not be laughed at or
punished.Remember, speaking can be a very difficult thing for many
students. This is not just their English on the line but deeper fears of
unworthiness or ridicule.

Be approachable and friendly. Make it okay not to answer and praise

effort. Thank them for contributions throughout and at the end of each lesson.

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3. Learn Their Names

Do not underestimate the importance of addressing your students by

name.Asking questions to nobody in particular gets no particular response,
except with chatty classes. When you ask someone personally to speak up
(bearing in mind the importance of pair work and preparation first) they will
feel more motivated to answer.

Learning names always demonstrates a level of respect and interest in your

students. Plus, once you have the name in place other facts tend to stick.
Students will feel more acknowledged when you start saying things like
“Stefan, you said that you used to be in the army, what do you think of what
Marina has just said?” in place of “How about… you there… what do you
think?”

Remember though, always make it okay to not answer. This stops students
from stressing out after being called upon. If they are stumbling or short of
words just thank them and pass to someone else. Give them a chance to speak a
bit later.

4. Build Confidence

Whilst students want to improve, many have survived schooling systems

where they were punished for every small error.

Create an adult environment where speaking is encouraged and mistakes

are valued stepping stones towards improvement. Reframe mistakes rather than
correcting them. Repeat and affirm what they say in correct English, within the
flow of conversation.

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B. Speaking Class Activities

1. Debate

Debate is a classic game that incorporate pair or group work, depending on

the size of your class. Create groups and assign each group or pair a side of an
argument. Use pair work time to allow students to develop their argument and
conclude with a class-wide debate.

2. Guessing game

Using vocabulary the students have learned recently, prepare some cards
with one word written on them. During class, select one of the cards without
showing the students what is written on it. The students will try to figure out
what the word is by asking questions, which you will answer. They may only
ask “yes-no” or “choice type” questions such as: is it something you can eat? Is
it made out of paper? Is it a thing or a person? Is it an animal? Can it move? Is
it something we can use? The students can guess what is written on the card
whenever they think they have enough information. Anyone who guesses right
wins a piece of candy or another reward provided by you. Then go to the next
card.

3. Find the differrence

For this activity students can work in pairs and each couple is given two
different pictures, for example, picture of boys playing football and another
picture of girls playing tennis. Students in pairs discuss the similarities and/or
differences in the pictures.

4. Picture describing

Another way to make use of pictures in a speaking activity is to give

students just one picture and having them describe what it is in the picture. For

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this activity students can form groups and each group is given a different
picture. Students discuss the picture with their groups, then a spokesperson for
each group describes the picture to the whole class. This activity fosters the
creativity and imagination of the learners as well as their public speaking skills.

5. Following directions

Following directions is an interesting game that offers a change from

classroom routine.In this game, each student in the pair draws a picture,
keeping their paper shielded from the eyes of their partner. Ideally, pictures
should be fairly geometric. Once the picture is complete, they explain to their
partner, using words only, how to replicate the image.

For example, if a student has drawn the stereotypical square house with a
triangle roof, he might say: “Draw a square in the middle of the paper that’s
about a third of the size of the paper. Draw an equilateral triangle on top of the
square, using the top side of the square as the bottom side of the triangle.”The
goal of this game is for each partner to replicate the other’s drawing going by
these spoken directions.

6. Story telling

Students can briefly summarize a tale or story they heard from somebody
beforehand, or they may create their own stories to tell their classmates. Story
telling fosters creative thinking. It also helps students express ideas in the
format of beginning, development, and ending, including the characters and
setting a story has to have. Students also can tell riddles or jokes. For instance,
at the very beginning of each class session, the teacher may call a few students
to tell short riddles or jokes as an opening. In this way, not only will the teacher
address students’ speaking ability, but also get the attention of the class.

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7. Story completion

This is a very enjoyable, whole-class, free-speaking activity for which

students sit in a circle. For this activity, a teacher starts to tell a story, but after
a few sentences he or she stops narrating. Then, each student starts to narrate
from the point where the previous one stopped. Each student is supposed to add
from four to ten sentences. Students can add new characters, events,
descriptions and so on.

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 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. Conclusion
Speaking is one of the skills that have to mastered by student in learning
English. Speaking is essential tool in communication. There are variety ways
to teach speaking. All of the them can be applied in classroom. But, teacher
should capable to adjust the class condition so that can create the good
atmosphere for relax or funny-learning.

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 REFERENCE

https:/www.fluentu.com/blog/educator-english/speaking-strategies-for-esl-
students/

Gilbert, Judy. 1978. Gadgets: Nonverbal tools for teaching pronouncation.

GatesolOccusional Papers

Brown H.Douglas. Second Edition. Teaching by Principles An Interactive

Approach to Language Pendagogy

http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Kayi-TeachingSpeaking.html