UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL

PEDRO RUIZ GALLO

Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas

ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA EN
COMPUTACIÓN E INFORMÁTICA

STUDENT:

Arroyo Barranzuela Karina

TEACHER:

Angélica Carrasco

Lambayeque, Agosto del 2018

 USED TO
We use the modal verb "used to" to indicate something that happened or
happened in the past in a habitual way. Also, it is used for something that
was previously true but it is not.
Affirmative Sentences
Sujeto + “used to” + verbo…
Example:
- We used to go to the beach every summer when I was young.
- He used to smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, but he quit last year.
- I used to like mushrooms, but not anymore.
- There used to be a great restaurant here, but it closed a few
years ago.

Negative Sentences
Sujeto + “didn’t” + “use to” + verbo…
Example:
- I didn’t use to like mushrooms, but now I do.
- Food didn’t use to be so expensive.
- We didn’t use to go away on holiday very often when I was
young.

Interrogative Sentences
Did + sujeto + “use to” + verbo…?
Example:
- Didn’t he use to smoke a lot?
- Did you use to live here?
- Did they use to go to the beach in the summers?
Exercises:
1. I used to smoke when I was in my 20s.
2. I am used to the smell of smoke because my husband smokes.
3. He used to be a vegetarian when he was a kid.
4. They were getting used to the silence when they built a
restaurant next door.
5. I used to play tennis when I was at school
6. It's a noisy apartment, but I am used to it.
7. Bill is used to working long days.
8. She used to be able to speak French, but she has forgotten it all.
9. By the time John moves in, I will be used to living alone.
10.I used to live in a flat when I was a child.
11.She used to love eating chocolate but now she hates it.
 USE TO
We always use this word when talking about the past. So when do you use
use to without the d at the end? When the base form of the verb is used.
Look at these examples- She didn't use to swim before noon. (Now she does
swim before noon.) Or Did your father use to ride a horse? In these cases
the past tense is shown with the did and didn't.

Exercises:
1. Sheila wasn't use to having to cook for herself.
2. Did we use to go to the beach every summer?
3. He didn't use to smoke.
4. Did he use to play golf every weekend?
5. I didn't use to hate School
6. Where did you use to go to School?
7. Sally didn't use to drink a lot of wine.
8. Did they use to work together?
9. We didn’t use to have a computer, but we do now.
10.I didn’t use to like vegetables, but I do now.
 STATIVE VERBS
Some verbs are not usually used in the continuous form, even when we are
talking about temporary situations or states. These are called stative verbs.

1. Stative verbs are often verbs connected with thinking and opinions.
 She doesn’t know what to do NOT She isn’t knowing what to do
 Do you agree with me?
 I don’t recognise it, do you?
Other verbs in this group include: believe, doubt, guess, imagine, mean,
remember, think

2. Other stative verbs are connected with feelings and emotions

 I like this song. Who sings it?

 What do you want to do now?
 I hate my new boss!

Other stative verbs in this group include: dislike, love, prefer. want, wish

3. see’, ‘hear’, ‘taste’, ‘smell’, ‘feel’ are verbs that describe senses.
These verbs aren’t usually used in continuous forms. They are often used
with ‘can’.

 It smells of smoke in here.

 I can’t see anything. It’s too dark.

Exercises:
1. What do you think about today’s news?
2. The soup tastes a bit too spicy for me.
3. Liz isn’t enjoying her new job very much.
4. That’s a lie! I don’t believe you!
5. We’ve missed the last bus. That means we’ll have to walk.
 THE INFINITIVE OF
PURPOSE
A to-infinitive can be used to express purpose:

 I'm calling to place an order for delivery.

 Dina went to the door to open it.
 To pass this test, you need to achieve a score of 60% or more.

In order and so as can be used before a to-infinitive for emphasis in more

formal styles:

 He took a book with him in order to have something to read on the

train.
 The parties started negotiations so as to reach an agreement as soon
as possible.
 In order to attract a wider audience, we need to rethink our
marketing strategy.

The negative is always in order not + to-infinitive or so as not + to-infinitive:

 He tiptoed through the hall so as not to be heard.

 In order not to lose time, we must act at once.

The infinitive of purpose can only be used if the doer of the action expressed
by the infinitive is the same as the subject of the main clause. If the subjects
are different, we can use so + that-clause with the present simple tense or
with the modal verbs may, can, will, might, could or would:

 Jerry works hard so that his family has everything they need.
 I'll leave the door open so that you can come in.
 Tina gave me a shopping list so that I wouldn't forget anything.
In order + that-clause is also possible in this case; however, it is more formal
and less common. In the that-clause, we can use the modal verbs may, shall,
might or should:

 Our company does everything in order that all complaints may be

dealt with fairly and effectively.

With come and go, we can use the infinitive of purpose with the verb in any
present or past tense or with the gerund form of the verb:

 I'm just coming to help.

 We went to talk to a lawyer.
 Have you thought of going to see a doctor?

But if come and go are used as infinitives or as imperatives, we use and

instead of to:

 I must go and check the heater.

 He will come and dance with you.
 Go and fetch a glass.
 THE PASSIVE VOICE
It is used to show interest in the person or thing that is the object of an
action, instead of the person or thing that is doing the action. In other
words, the most important person or thing becomes the subject of the
sentence.
Example:

 The passive voice is used frequently.

 The house was built in 1654.
 The road is being repaired.

The passive voice is composed of two elements:

The appropriate form of the verb "to be" + "past participle"

THE PASSIVE VOICE WITH INFINITIVES

It is used behind modal verbs and most verbs that are usually followed by
infinitive.
Example:

 You have to be tested on your English grammar.

 John might be promoted next year.
 She wants to be invited to the party.
 I expect to be surprised on my birthday.
 You may be disappointed.
THE PASSIVE VOICE WITH THE "GERUND"
It is used after the prepositions and verbs that are usually followed by
"gerund".
Example:

 I remember being taught to drive.

 The children are excited about being taken to the zoo.
 The children are excited to be taken to the zoo.
 Most film stars hate being interviewed.
 Most film stars hate to be interviewed.
 Poodles like to be pampered.
 Poodles like being pampered.

USE THE "TO BE BORN"

It is a passive formation and is often used in the past. However, in some
cases, the present or future is appropriate.
Example:

 I was born in 1976.

 Where were you born?
 Around 100 babies are born in this hospital every week.
 We don't know on exactly which day the baby will be born.