CMV GMXN: BMJV Gi GK Bex: (PV P©I Wek Wzi GK HWZNVWMK Av JL )

Cmv gmxn : Bmjv‡gi GK bex
(Pv‡P©i weK…wZi GK HwZnvwmK Av‡jL¨)
†gvnv¤§` AvZvDi- inxg
Abyev`
†nv‡mb gvngy`
m¤úv`bv
cÖ‡dmi Avãyi gvbœvb
Avãyjv− n knx` Avãyi ingvb
2011 - 1432
2 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
gyLeÜ
L„óxq BwZnv‡mi GK wewkó cwÊZ ¯^xKvi K‡ib †h AvaywbK Kv‡ji L„óag© n‡”Q
Cmv gmx‡ni (Jesus) gy‡Li Dci GKwU Ôgy‡LvkÕ| wZwb e‡jb, GKwU gy‡Lvk
`xN© mgq civ _vK‡j Zv GKwU wbR¯^ Rxeb jvf K‡i Ges †mfv‡eB †mUv
M„nxZ nq| gymjgv‡biv BwZnv‡mi Cmv Av. -†K wek¦vm K‡i| ZvB Zviv
Ôgy‡LvkÕ-†K MÖnY Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvq| ms‡¶‡c, MZ †PŠÏ‡kvÕ eQi a‡i
Bmjvg I Pv‡P©i g‡a¨ GUvB gZcv_©‡Kï KviY n‡q Av‡Q| Bmjv‡gi AvMg‡bi
c~‡e© Gwiqvb, cwjwmq Ges M_‡ì wKQy †jvK Cmv Av.-†K MÖnY K‡iwQj, Z‡e
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQj Zuvi Ôgy‡LvkÕ-†K| wKš‘ †ivgvb mgªvUMY Cmvi Av. Ôgy‡LvkÕ-
†K L„óvb‡ì †g‡b wb‡Z eva¨ K‡i| GB Am¤¢e j¶¨ nvwm‡ji Rb¨ Zviv j¶
j¶ L„óvb‡K nZ¨v K‡i| mviwfUv‡mi GKRb f³ K¨vmwU‡jv e‡jb †h, Ò†Kvb
gZev‡ì Rb¨ GKRb †jvK‡K nZ¨v Ki‡jB †mB gZev` cÖgvwYZ nq bv|Ó
A‡¯¿i gy‡L †Rvi K‡i †Kvb a‡g© wek¦vm Kiv‡bv hvq bv|
†Kvb †Kvb gn‡ji civgk© †h Bsj¨v‡Ûi Rbmgv‡Ri mv‡_ wbweofv‡e
wg‡k hvIqvi R‡b¨ gymjgvb‡ì DwPZ Zv‡ì `yÕwU Drme‡K eow`b I Bóv‡ii
mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© Kiv| hviv GK_v e‡jb Zviv fy‡j hvb †h †k‡lv³ Drme¸‡jv
L„óvb-c~e© †cŠËwjK Drme| GKwU nj m~h©- †èZvi cÖvPxb c‡b¥vrme Ges
Ab¨wU nj cÖvPxb A¨vs‡jv- m¨v·b De©iZvi (mš—vb `vÎx) †èxi D‡Ï‡k¨
wb‡ew`Z cweÎ Drme| G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z ev¯—‡e Kviv ÔL„ó we‡ivaxÕ Zv mn‡RB
Aby‡gq|
G MÖ‡š’ m¤¢eZ GB cÖ_gev‡ii gZ gi“ mvMi cuyw_ (Dead Sea
Scrolls), L„óvb‡ì ag©MÖš’, AvaywbK M‡elYv I KziAvb-nvw`‡mi wfwË‡Z cÖvß
mKj Z_¨ eënvi K‡i Cmv Av. Gi cweÎ Rxeb wb‡q M‡elYv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †h
me L„óvb cwÊZ hxïi BwZnvm †jLvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb Zviv KL‡bvB Zuvi Ck¦i‡Z¡i
aviYv †_‡K wb‡R‡ì m¤ú~Y© gy³ Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| hLb Zuviv Zuvi Ck¦iZ¡ cÖgvY
Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Qb ZLb KL‡bv KL‡bv GB e‡j Dcmsnvi †U‡b‡Qb †h wZwb
†gv‡UB Aw¯—Z¡kxj wQ‡jb bv A_ev ÒwZwb mK‡ji Kv‡Q mewKQy|Ó G iKg
gvbwmKZv m¤úbœ Kv‡iv c‡¶B GKwU e¯‘wbô M‡elYv Kiv Am¤¢e| Cmv Av.
Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 3
Aw¯—Z¡kxj wQ‡jb, G `„p cÖZ¨q e¨³ K‡iB G MÖš’ ïi“ n‡q‡Q| wZwb wQ‡jb
GKRb gvbyl Ges Avj−vni bex|
G MÖš’wU 30 eQ‡ii Aa¨qb I M‡elYvi dmj| AvgvZzi iKxe
evRv‡i cvIqv hvq bv Ggb me eB mÜvb Ki‡Z wM‡q hy³iv‡óªi wewfbœ kn‡ii
iv¯—vq wewfbœ mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nb| Zuv‡K Avgvi abëv`| G mKj eB KivwPi
jvB‡eªwi¸‡jv‡Z cvIqv hvq bv| myZivs GB f`ªgwnjv Avgv‡K †h mvnvh¨
K‡i‡Qb Zvi ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg|
†RÏvi gnvgvb¨ Rbve Avng` RvgRyb KivwP‡Z Avgvi mv‡_ mv¶vr
K‡ib| Avwg hLbB †Kvb mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡qwQ, ZLwb Zuvi Drmvn I
mn‡hvwMZv †c‡qwQ| Avwg abëv` RvbvB kvqL gvngy` myevn‡K Av‡jvP¨ welqwU
Mfxifv‡e Aa¨q‡bi R‡b¨ Avgvi jÛb AvMgb Zuvi mvnv‡h¨B m¤¢e n‡q‡Q|
jÛ‡b Avwg gnvgvb¨ kvqL Ave`yj Kvw`‡ii mv‡_ mv¶vr Kwi| cÖwZwU
ch©v‡qB wZwb Avgvi cÖwZ mvnv‡hï nvZ cÖmvwiZ K‡i‡Qb| Gi d‡j Avwg Rbve
Avng` Ugm‡bi mn‡hvwMZv jvf Kwi| wZwb Avgv‡K eû Z_¨ I MÖš’ msMÖ‡n
mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi GB D`vi mvnvh¨ Qvov G MÖš’ iPbv KZw`‡b †kl n‡Zv,
Zv ejv gykwKj| nvRx Ave`yj nK weDwj me mgq Avgv‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© I
Dc‡`k w`‡q‡Qb|
W±i Avwj Av‡bBwRi KvQ †_‡K Avwg †h †øn I Avš—wiKZv jvf
K‡iwQ, Zv ejvi bq, ü`q w`‡q Abyfe Kivi welq|
cwi‡k‡l KziAv‡bi fvlvq ewj :

َ ِ ‫َوَ َِْ ِْْ ِا‬
Avj−vni mvnvh¨ Qvov Avgvi c‡¶ wKQyB Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv|
jÛb gynv¤§` AvZvDi- inxg

Rgvw`Dj Djv
1397 wnRwi
f~wgKv
G MÖ‡š’i †jLK gynv¤§` AvZvDi inxg Av‡eM mnKv‡i Dcjwä
K‡ib †h, L„óvb †`k¸‡jvi Rbmvavi‡Yi hw` Bmjvwg ag© wek¦vm m¤ú‡K©
wKQy ÁvbI _vKZ, cvkvcvwk Zviv hw` Avj−vni bex Cmv Av. ‡K cÖK…ZB
eySvi †Póv KiZ, Zvn‡j fwel¨‡Z A‡bK AcÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿Yv cwinvi Kiv
†hZ| †gavex, D`vi `„wó fw½i AwaKvix Avš—R©vwZK g‡bvfvevcbœ cwÊZ
G †jLK gvby‡li myL I Kj¨vY Kvgbvi †¶‡Î †`k I RvZxqZvi mxgv
AwZµg K‡i †M‡Qb| Zuvi e³e¨, Aš—t mvs¯‹…wZK AÁZvB n‡”Q AvR‡Ki
`y`©kv I K‡ói cÖavb GKK KviY|
†m Kvi‡YB G MÖš’wU iwPZ, cÖavbZ cvðv‡Zï D‡Ï‡k¨| Z‡e G
MÖš’wU Zv‡ì RbÏ hviv Cmv Av.-Gi Rb¥, Zuvi wgkb I Zuvi Aš—a©vb‡K
wN‡i ci¯úiwe‡ivax aviYvi RUvRvj †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z Pvb| gynv¤§` AvZv
Di-inxg GB wek„•Ljv‡K GKRb LuvwU HwZnvwm‡Ki hyw³ w`‡q AvµgY
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb †`L‡Z †c‡q‡Qb †h cÖvq mKj weåvwš—i KviY nj `yÕwU
gZev` hv mKj hyw³‡KB D‡c¶v K‡i‡Q| gZev` `yÕwU nj Kw_Z hxïi
Ck¦iZ¡ Ges wÎZ¡ev`|
GB MÖš’ L„óvb PvP© hvi Dci e¨vcKfv‡e wbf©ikxj, †mB
KíKvwnbx‡K wecyjfv‡e †f‡O ¸uwo‡q w`‡q‡Q Ges Cmv Av.-†K †`wL‡q‡Q
G‡Kk¦iev‡` wek¦v‡mi wk¶K wn‡m‡e hv‡K Bqvû`x cy‡ivwnZZ‡š¿i ga¨Kvi
AmsL¨, Lvivc Dcv`vb aŸs‡mi R‡b¨ Avj−vn cvK bex wn‡m‡e †cÖiY
K‡iwQ‡jb|
Z‡e Avwg GB f~wgKv‡K G MÖ‡š’i mvigg© wn‡m‡e Zz‡j ai‡Z
Pvw”Q bv| G MÖš’wU Zvi wbR¯^ êwk‡ó¨ I ¯^KxqZvq D¾¡j| mZ¨
Dcjwäi e¨vcv‡i A-gymwjg‡ì mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z Ges AwaKvsk L„óv‡bi
Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ Kzms¯‹viRwbZ fxwZ n«vm Kivi GKvš— B”Qvi Ask wn‡m‡e
†jLK G MÖš’wU iPbv K‡i‡Qb|
Avgiv hviv gymjgvb, Zviv Rvwb †h G fq KZUv Ag~jK|
Avgiv Avgv‡ì Ávb †_‡K Rvwb, gnvb Avj−vn KZ ¶gvkxj, gvby‡li cÖwZ
KZ AbyMÖnkxj, wZwb gvby‡li ¯úk©vZxZ mËv :
.ُ َ‫ "َ!ْءٌ َوهُ َ ا ا ُ ا‬#ْ$َ‫& آ‬
َ ‫َ ْــ‬
Ò†Kvb wKQyB Zvi m`„k bq, wZwb me© †kÖvZv, wZwb me©`ªóvÓ| (Avj KziAvb
42 : 11)
Avgiv wbwðZ Rvwb †h Avj−vn bexMY‡K †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb, Zuviv
Avgv‡ì R‡b¨B †cÖwiZ n‡q‡Qb, RM‡Z Avgv‡ì GKgvÎ gvey` wn‡m‡e
Avj−vni evYx Zuviv cÖPvi K‡i‡Qb Ges Avgv‡ì Abymi‡Yi R‡b¨ cÖ`vb
K‡i‡Qb wb‡`©kbv (Avmgvwb wKZve)| gymjgvbMY AcwieZ©bxq I c~Y©v½
cweÎ KziAv‡bi Abymvix, wKš‘ Zviv m¤¢eZ mg‡q mg‡q GB c~Y©v½
AcwieZ©bxq gnv MÖš’wU‡K Ab¨‡ì R‡b¨ †evaMg¨ K‡i Zzj‡Z mg_© nq
bv| GB †jLK, mKj gvby‡li R‡b¨ Zuvi Mfxi ì‡ì Kvi‡Y- we‡kl
K‡i hviv Zuvi †P‡qI †mŠfvM¨nxb- Zv‡ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GB e¨_©Zv
m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb| wZwb Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ AvÂwjK iƒc m¤ú‡K©I
we‡klfv‡e m‡PZb hv wKbv Bmjv‡gi Af¨š—‡iB weKvk jvf K‡i‡Q|
G¸‡jv hviv Bmjvg‡K †eovi Icvi †_‡K fxwZi mv‡_ †`‡L‡Q Zv‡ì
weåvš— Ki‡Z, GgbwK wewfbœ †`‡ki gymjgvb‡ì g‡aÏ weåvwš— I fyj
†evSveywS NUv‡Z m¶g|
†KejgvÎ my`„p msKí, wecyj mnvbyf~wZB wewfbœ RvwZi g‡a¨
cÖK…Z åvZ…Z¡ I mg‡SvZv Avb‡Z cv‡i| me‡P‡q eo evav nj AcwiP‡qi
fxwZ| ˆbwZK g~j¨‡evanxb cvðv‡Zï w`‡K ZvwK‡q A‡bK gymjgvbB g‡b
K‡ib †h †mB Ava¨vwZ¥K k~b¨Zvi g‡a¨ Bmjv‡gi cÖ‡ek NUv‡bv LyeB
mnR e¨vcvi n‡e| wKš‘ G ai‡bi Avkv †cvlY Kiv Avm‡j k~‡b¨ cÖvmv`
wbg©v‡Yi gZB| cvðv‡Zï cÖhyw³ I wkí cÖe„w×i R‡b¨ Acwinvh© RbM‡Yi
MYwk¶v| G MYwk¶v Gme †jvK‡ì mevB‡K my¯úófv‡e †`wL‡q‡Q †h
ag©‡K Zviv †hfv‡e Rv‡b, Zv m‡Zï mg_©bnxb gZev‡ì wfwË‡Z
cÖwZwôZ| cwiYwZ‡Z, GUv †Zgb Avðh©RbK bq †h GB wkí mg„×
mgv‡Ri e„w×Rxex GwjUiv L„óvb Pv‡P©i GK‡PwUqv cy‡ivwnZZ‡š¿i KvQ
†_‡K Zv‡ì bqv Avwe®‹…Z ¯^vaxbZvi g‡a¨ GK Acwimxg gyw³i ¯^v` Luy‡R
†c‡q cÖ_g Zv‡ì mg_©b cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i‡Q| A_P GB cy‡ivwnZZš¿B kZ
kZ eQi a‡i wk¶v we¯—v‡ii KvRwU cvjb K‡i G‡m‡Q| hv †nvK, G
ai‡bi †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q ag©, Zv †m †h bv‡gB †nvK, ïay cy‡iv‡bv Kzms¯‹viB
bq, Dciš‘ Zv GK evav m„wóKvix kw³ Ges AwaKZi êÁvwbK Ávb
AR©‡bi †¶‡Î GK cÖwZeÜK wn‡m‡e cwi`„ó n‡q‡Q| Rb¥MZfv‡e
gymjgvb, hviv wb‡R‡ì I Avj−vni g‡a¨ msN„ó n‡Z Abf¨¯—, Zviv GB
g‡bvfve‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡iwb e‡jB g‡b nq| mZ¨ åó L„óvb‡ì
Rb¨ ag©- wek¦vm nviv‡bv nj gvby‡li ˆZwi `k©b †_‡K wePz¨Z nIqv| hv
wKbv AZx‡Z AvBb- k„•Ljv i¶vi GKwU cš’v wn‡m‡eB wKQyUv hv Kv‡R
†j‡M‡Q|
Bmjvg cvðv‡Zï Ava¨vwZ¥K k~b¨Zv c~iY Ki‡Z cvivi Av‡M
GBme m¤ú~Y© e¯‘ev`x gvbyl‡K Avj−vni cÖK…Z mËvi m¤úK© eySv‡Z n‡e
Ges Avj−vn m¤ú‡K© GB Ávb †h Zv‡ì cÖZ¨vL¨vZ cy‡ivwnZZš¿‡K cybivq
MÖnY Kivi Dci wbf©i K‡i bv ZvI eySv‡Z n‡e| Zv‡ì‡K gymwjg‡ì
e¨vcv‡i `„óvš— ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g GK bZzb aviYv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
ga¨cÖv‡Pï Bmjvwg †`k¸‡jv hw` cÖvq ivZvivwZ wecyj m¤ú`
AR©b Ki‡Z bv cviZ Zvn‡j Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© cvðv‡Zï AÁZv Av‡iv
`xN©¯’vqx n‡q we`¨gvb _vKZ| †hgb ejv hvq, ivwkqvmn mgMÖ BD‡ivc
Ges Av‡gwiKv nVvr K‡i ïay Zv‡ì Kv‡Q AcwiwPZ GKwU ag© wek¦v‡miB
gy‡LvgywL nqwb, eis Ggb GKwU ag© wek¦v‡mi m¤§yLxb n‡q‡Q hvi wcQ‡b
i‡q‡Q GKwU cY¨, †hUv‡K Zviv ¯^xK…wZ †`q| †mwU nj A_©, wecyj
cwigvY A_©| Zvi A_© kw³, †h kw³ w`‡q cÖvq me wKQy Rq Kiv hvq|
GUv Avðh©RbK bq †h, GB kw³i e¨vcv‡i cÖK…ZB fq i‡q‡Q|
`xN©Kvj c~‡e© gymwjg wek¦B êÁvwbK Áv‡bi GK‡PwUqv AwaKvix wQj|
cÖv‡Pï weKv‡ki Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q cvðv‡Zï weÁvb, GUv
`xN©w`‡bi we¯—…Z BwZnvm| Avie †`k¸‡jv AwZ m¤úÖwZ cÖK…Z
RvZxqZv‡eva Luy‡R †c‡q‡Q| cvwK¯—vb GB K‡qK `kK Av‡MI cwðgv
wkíkw³i †kvlY- wbcxo‡bi wkKvi wQj| ZeyI wek¦e¨vcx Bmjvg-
Abymvix Rb‡Mvôx cvðv‡Zï P›`ª c„‡ô c`PviYv, †U÷-wUDe wkï ˆZwii
m¶gZv Ges gvby‡li eZ©gvb Avqy mxgv‡K wØ¸Y Kivi cÖvq- AwR©Z
mvdj¨ m‡Ë¡I †mB mgv‡Ri Dci cÖvavb¨ we¯—vi Kivi m¤¢vebv cÖ`k©b
Ki‡Q|
†ivgvi hvRKZ‡š¿i AaxbZv I kvmb †_‡K wb‡R‡ì †`k‡K
gy³ Ki‡Z Ges †emvgwiK miKvi I bvMwiK AvBb cÖwZôv Ki‡Z hviv
KwVb jovB K‡i‡Q, L„óvb †`k¸‡jv‡Z Rb¥MÖnYKvix †m me †jv‡Kiv AvR
Zv‡ì ¯^vaxbZv `ª“Z wejyß nIqvi m¤¢vebv †`L‡Z cv‡”Q|
gynv¤§` AvZv Di-inx‡gi GB MÖ‡š’i gZ Bmjvwg cwÊZ-
M‡elKiv gvby‡li cÖwZ mhZœ fv‡jvevmv wb‡q hZ¶Y bv cvðv‡Zï mv‡_
GKwU Nwbô †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cwi‡ek m„wó Ki‡e ZZw`b ïay fxwZi
AvenvIqv †_‡K we‡iv‡aiB m„wó n‡Z _vK‡e| gymwjg †`k¸‡jv we‡klZ
†hme †`‡ki wecyj Avw_©K kw³ i‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì DciB AvR Awc©Z n‡q‡Q
G‡¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq D`vniY m„wói ¸i“ `vwqZ¡| Avkvi K_v †h, cwðgv
†`k¸‡jv Ges gymwjg †`k¸‡jv‡ZI wek¦we`¨vjq I mvs¯‹…wZK
†K›`ª¸‡jvi we¯—…wZ I msL¨v e„w× Bmjvwg M‡elYv I Aa¨q‡bi †¶‡Î
¸i“Z¡cY~ © I MVbg~jK Ae`vb ivLvi my‡hvM m„wó Ki‡e Ges Gi d‡j
Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© cvðv‡Zï RbM‡Yi Ag~jK fxwZ ax‡i ax‡i wejyß n‡e|
Avgiv, gymjgvbiv Avj−vni wb‡`©wkZ c_ AbymiY Kie| wKš‘
Zvi A_© GB bq †h Avgiv nvZ-cv ¸wU‡q wcQ‡b c‡o _vKe| Avgv‡ì
i‡q‡Q gnvbex gynv¤§` (m)-Gi †kÖôZg `„óvš— Ges Avgv‡ì w`K-
wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vbKvix cweÎ KziAv‡bi AcwieZ©bxq wb‡`©kbv I Aby‡cÖiYv|
Z‡e G wb‡`©kbvq my¯úófv‡e hv ejv n‡q‡Q Zv nj Avgiv hw` BnKv‡j
kvwš— I ciKv‡j Avj−vni m‡e©vËg AbyMÖn PvB, Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì Aek¨B
†mfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z n‡e †hgbwU gnvb iveŸyj Avjvwgb Pvb|
Rgvw`Dm mvwb A¨vÛªy WMjm n¨vwgjUb

1399 wnRwi
GwcÖj, 1979 L„.
Abyev`‡Ki K_v
†Rmvm, G cÖ‡dU Ae Bmjvg MÖšw’ U Avwg cÖ_g †`wL 1995 mv‡j BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ûkb jvB‡eªwi‡Z| Ab¨ Avi cuvPwU eB Dj‡U †`Lvi gZB †`‡LwQjvg G eBwU| GwU †h
KL‡bv Abyev` Kie fvwewb|
NUbvP‡µ Gi eQi †`qK ci eBwU Abyev‡ì KvR ïi“ Kijvg| Avi G Kv‡R whwb
Avgv‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Qb, wZwb n‡”Q Avgvi GKvš— ïfvKv•¶x cig kÖ×vfvRb †jLK,
Abyev`K Rbve jyrdzj nK| wZwb ZLb BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûk‡bi Abyev` wefv‡Mi cwiPvjK|
wbqgvbyhvqx eBwU Abyev‡ì e¨vcv‡i Avgvi AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡i Abyev` wefvM‡K wPwV w`jvg|
Zviv Abyev‡ì bgybv Rgv w`‡Z ej‡jb| w`jvg| Zv Zuv‡ì cQ›` n‡jv| Zvici cy‡iv eB
Abyev` K‡i Rgv w`jvg| †m 1997 mv‡ji K_v|
GLv‡b ejv ìKvi, G Abyev` eB‡qi m~‡ÎB †`‡ki cÖL¨vZ Bmjvwg wPš—vwe`, †jLK,
M‡elK, wUwf e¨w³Z¡ ˆmq` Avkivd Avjx mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ Avgvi cwiPq NUvi †mŠfvM¨ nq|
wZwb 1995-1996 mv‡j ¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨ BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûk‡bi gnvcwiPvjK wQ‡jb| Avwg
Zv‡K wPb‡jI wZwb Avgv‡K wPb‡Zb bv| Abyev` wefvM Avgvi Abyw`Z eBwU weµ‡q Rb¨
Zuvi Kv‡Q cvwV‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb ZLb Avi gnvcwiPvjK bb| wKš‘ eB‡qi wKQy welq wb‡q cÖkœ
m„wó nIqvq wZwb Abyev`‡Ki mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| GUv †R‡b GKw`b †dv‡b K_v
e‡j mgq wVK K‡i Zuvi Kjv evMvb †jK mvK©v‡mi evwo‡Z †Mjvg| Zuvi gZ GKRb cwÊZ
†jvK Avgvi gZ mvgvb¨ Abyev`‡Ki Abyev` cix¶v K‡i †`L‡Qb G Kvi‡Y †ek kw¼Z
wQjvg| Z‡e mv¶v‡Zi ci Zuvi AmvaviY †mŠ›`h©‡eva Avi Avš—wiK eënv‡i †m k¼v †K‡U
†Mj| wZwb eBwU †`‡L †kl K‡iwQ‡jb| `yÕGKwU RvqMvq kã eënvi wb‡q cÖkœ Zzj‡jb|
Avwg e¨vL¨v w`jvg| wZwb †g‡b wb‡jb| ej‡jb GwU †ek KwVb eB| Z‡e Avcbvi Abyev`
h‡_ó fvj n‡q‡Q| Zuvi K_vq mwZ¨ fvj jvMj Avgvi AvZ¥wek¦vm Av‡iv `„p nj| †`Ljvg
cvÊywjwc‡Z wZwb A‡bK ms‡kvab K‡i‡Qb| Avwg wewfbœ bvg I ¯’v‡bi Bs‡iwR evbvb D‡j−L
Ki‡Z fy‡j wM‡qwQjvg, wZwb Kó K‡i †m¸‡jv wj‡L w`‡q‡Qb| Gi cÖ‡qvRb wQj| Zuvi cÖwZ
kÖ×vq gv_v bZ n‡q Gj|
Gici eBwU m¤úv`bv Ki‡Z †`qv nq †cÖv‡dmi Ave`yj gvbœvb mv‡ne‡K| Zuvi mv‡_
Avgvi cwiPq †bB| wKš‘ eBwUi P~ovš— cÖ“d †`Lvi mgq cvÊywjwc‡Z †`Ljvg Zuvi my`¶
m¤úv`bvi cwiPq Qwo‡q Av‡Q| Avwg Dcjwä Kijvg †h GB cwÊZ gvbylwUi nv‡Z m¤úvw`Z
bv n‡j G eBwU‡Z A‡bK Î“wU †_‡K †hZ| Zuv‡K Avgvi A‡kl K…ZÁZv RvbvB|
Gevi G-eBwU cÖm‡½ wKQy K_v ewj| mwZ¨ K_v ej‡Z wK, bex Cmv Av. m¤ú‡K© we‡k¦i
†Kv_vI †Kvb Z_¨ †bB| Avgiv Zuvi m¤ú‡K© Lye †ewk wKQy Rvwb bv| A_P we‡k¦i ag©xq
BwZnv‡m wZwb GKRb ¸i“Z¡cY~ © bex| gnvb Avj−vn ZvAvjv gvbe mgvR‡K wn`vqv‡Zi Rb¨
hy‡M hy‡M AmsL¨ bex I ivm~j †cÖiY K‡ib| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ gvÎ PviR‡bi Kv‡Q Avj−vn cvK
Avmgvwb wKZve bvwRj K‡iwQ‡jb| Cmv Av. Zuv‡ìB GKRb| wKš‘ gvbe mgv‡Ri `yfv© M¨
†h mgKv‡ji GK‡kÖwYi gvbyl Zuvi m¤ú‡K© weåvwš— m„wó c~eK© Zuvi cÖPvwiZ ag© wk¶v‡K weK…Z
Ges Zuvi Dci ÔCk¦iZ¡Õ Av‡ivc K‡i, hvi g~‡j wKbv AmZ¨ Avi weåvwš— Qvov Avi wKQyB
†bB| GgbwK Cmv Av. †h Bmjv‡giB GK bex G K_vwUI L„óvb ag©vej¤^xiv ¯^xKvi K‡iwb,
GLbI K‡i bv|
cvwK¯—v‡bi †jLK M‡elK gynv¤§` AvZv-Di-inxg G welqwU Mfxi Aa¨qb M‡elYvi
ci Ô†Rmvm, G cÖ‡dU Ae BmjvgÕ kxl©K Bs‡iwR MÖšw’ U iPbv K‡ib| wZwb AmsL¨ MÖ‡š’i
mg_©‡b cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb †h ÔwÎZ¡ev`Õ hv cÖPvwiZ Zv m¤ú~Y© åvš—, Avi hxï Aek¨B Ck¦i bb-
wZwb GKRb gvbyl I Avj−vni †cÖwiZ wKZveavix bex Cmv Av.|
Rvbv g‡Z, L„óa‡g©i Z_vKw_Z wÎZ¡ev`‡K Amvi I åvš— cÖwZcbœ K‡i hyw³ I cÖgvY
mn‡hv‡M G iKg Avi †Kvb MÖš’ G ch©š— iwPZ nqwb|
Rbve AvZv-Di-inx‡gi MÖšw’ U 1980 mv‡ji b‡f¤^‡i cvwK¯—v‡bi KivwP¯’ Av‡qkv
evIqvbx IqvKd †_‡K cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| 1986 mvj ch©š— MÖšw’ Ui †gvU 3wU ms¯‹iY
cÖKv‡ki K_v Rvbv hvq|
G g~jëvb MÖš’wUi evsjv Abyev` Kivi ZvIwdK Avj−vn Avgv‡K w`‡qwQ‡jb| G Rb¨
Zuvi Kv‡Q jv‡Lv ïKwiqv RvbvB| Avw_©K AbUb, e¨w³MZ mgm¨v mg‡qi GKvš— Afv‡ei
Kvi‡Y iv‡Zi ci ivZ †R‡M eûevi XvKv- Kzwóqv-XvKv hvIqv-Avmvi c‡_ Pjš— ev‡m, †Uª‡b,
†dix‡Z e‡m hLb †hLv‡b †c‡iwQ, †mLv‡b †m Ae¯’vq AgvbywlK cwikÖg K‡i G eB‡qi
Abyev‡ì KvR m¤úbœ K‡iwQjvg| GgbI n‡q‡Q †h GKwU RwUj k‡ãi A_© eyS‡Z †MvUv
ivZ cvi n‡q †M‡Q| A‡bK mgq A‡bK ¯’v‡b AvU‡K wM‡q wZb mvsevw`K mnKg©x, kÖ‡×q
†gvnv¤§` byi“j †nv‡mb mv‡ne, Gm.Gg. nvwdRyi ingvb I GKivgyjv− wnj KvwKi mvnvh¨
†P‡qwQ| G mKj gvby‡liv wecyj J`v‡h© Avgv‡K mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡ì Kv‡Q Avgvi
K…ZÁZv RvbvB|
myax cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q hw` mgv`„Z nq, G MÖš’ Abyev`‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ I cwikÖg mdj n‡e|
†nv‡mb gvngy`
m~wPcÎ
cÖ_g Aa¨vq :
G‡Kk¦iev`x gZ I L„óag© 11
wØZxq Aa¨vq :
Cmv Av.- Gi HwZnvwmK weeiY 21
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq :
evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj 51
PZz_© Aa¨vq :
nvigv‡mi w` †kdvW© 59
cÂg Aa¨vq :
evb©vevm I Avw` L„óvbMY 65
lô Aa¨vq :
L„óa‡g©i Avw` GKZ¡ev`xMY 95
mßg Aa¨vq :
L„óa‡g©i cieZ©x GKZ¡ev`xMY 144
Aóg Aa¨vq :
GKv‡j L„óag© 257
beg Aa¨vq :
KziAv‡b Cmv Av. 272
`kg Aa¨vq :
nvw`m I gymwjg BwZnvm MÖ‡š’ Cmv Av. 289
Aa¨vq UxKv 294
MÖš’cÄx 300
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
GKZ¡ev`x gZev` I L„óag©
HwZnvwmK M‡elYv †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq †h we‡k¦i me©Î Avw`g
†jvK‡ì cÖvYx I g~wZ©c~Rvi NUbv mKj †¶‡ÎB wQj g~j GKZ¡ev`x
wek¦vm †_‡K GK cðv`cmviY Ges Bqvû`x, L„óvb I Bmjvg a‡g©i
GKZ¡ev` eû Ck¦iev` †_‡K D™¢‚Z nIqvi cwie‡Z© Zvi we‡ivax
wn‡m‡eB cÖwZôv jvf K‡i| †h †Kvb a‡g©B Zvi weï× iƒcwU cwi`„ó nq
Zvi cÖ_gve¯’vq Ges cieZ©x‡Z ïay Zvi AebwZB †Pv‡L c‡o| Avi G
`„wófw½ †_‡KB L„óa‡g©i BwZnvm‡K †`L‡Z n‡e| GKZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm
wb‡q G a‡g©i ïi“ n‡qwQj, Zvici Zv weK…wZi wkKvi n‡q c‡o Ges
wÎ-Ck¦iev` ev wÎZ¡ev` M„nxZ nq| Gi cwiYwZ‡Z m„wó nq weåvwš— I
mskq hv gvbyl‡K AwaK †_‡K AwaKZi gvÎvq g~j Ae¯’v †_‡K `~‡i
†V‡j †`q|
Cmv Av.- Gi Aš—a©v‡bi ci cÖ_g kZvãx‡Z Zuvi Abymvixiv
GKZ¡ev‡ì cÖwZ mg_©b Ae¨vnZ iv‡L| Gi mZ¨Zv †g‡j 90 m‡bi
w`‡K iwPZ Ôw` †kdvW© Ad nvigvmÕ (The Shepherd of Hermas)
bvgK MÖš’wU‡K ag©xq cweÎ MÖš’ wn‡m‡e gh©v`v cÖ`v‡bi NUbvq| G MÖ‡š’i
12wU Hkx wb‡`©‡ki cÖ_gwU ïi“ n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e :
me©cÖ_g wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e †h Avj−vn (God) GK Ges wZwb
me wKQy m„wó K‡i‡Qb I †m¸‡jv‡K msMwVZ K‡i‡Qb| Zvi
B”Qvi evB‡i †Kvb wKQyi Aw¯—Z¡ †bB Ges wZwb mewKQy aviY
K‡ib, wKš‘ wZwb wb‡R A-aviY‡hvM¨......|1
w_I‡Wvi hvqb (Theodor Zahn)- Gi g‡Z 250 mb Aewa
L„óa‡g© wek¦v‡mi fvlv wQj G iKg : ÒAvwg me©kw³gvb Avj−v‡n wek¦vm
Kwi|Ó2 180 †_‡K 210 m‡bi g‡a¨ Ôme©kw³gvbÕ -Gi c~‡e© ÔwcZvÕ
kãwU hy³ nq| †ek wKQy msL¨K PvP©-†bZv Gi Zxeª we‡ivwaZv K‡ib|
G c`‡¶‡ci wb›`vKx‡ì g‡a¨ wekc wf±i (Bishop Victor) I
wekc †Rwdwmqv‡mi (Bishop Zephysius) bvgI i‡q‡Q| KviY,
Zviv evB‡e‡j †Kvb kã ms‡hvRb ev we‡qvRb‡K AwPš—bxq AcweÎZv
e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Zb| Zuviv hxï‡K Ck¦‡ii (God) gh©v`v cÖ`v‡bi
cÖeYZviI we‡ivax wQ‡jb| Zuviv hxïi g~j wk¶vbyhvqx GKZ¡ev‡ì cÖwZ
AZ¨š— †Rvi †`b Ges e‡jb †h hwÌ wZwb GKRb bex wQ‡jb, wZwb
Aek¨B Ab¨ `kRb gvby‡li gZB GKRb gvbyl wQ‡jb, hwÌ wZwb
wQ‡jb Zuvi cÖfyi AZ¨š— AbyMÖn ab¨| DËi Avwd«Kv I cwðg Gwkqvq
M‡o DVv eû PvP© GB wek¦v‡mi aviK wQj|
Cmv Av. Gi wk¶v µgk we¯—vi jv‡fi cvkvcvwk Zv GKw`‡K
†hgb Ab¨vb¨ ms¯‹…wZi ms¯ú‡k© Av‡m Ab¨w`‡K ¶gZvmxb‡ì mv‡_
Zvi we‡iva ïi“ nq| G mgq L„óag© Gme ms¯‹…wZ¸‡jv KZ©…K A½xf~Z
I M„nxZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡i Ges Gi d‡j kvmK‡ì wbh©vZb- wbcxobI n«vm
cvq| we‡kl K‡i MÖx‡m cÖ_gev‡ii gZ GKwU bqv fvlvq e¨³ nIqv
Ges G ms¯‹…wZi aviYv I `k©‡bi mv‡_ A½xf~Z nIqv- G Dfq cš’vq
L„óa‡g©i iƒcvš—i N‡U| MÖxK‡ì eû-Ck¦‡ii `„wófw½i mv‡_ we‡kl K‡i
Uvimv‡mi c‡ji (Paul of Tarsus) gZ wKQy e¨w³i Cmv Av. †K bex
†_‡K Ck¦‡i DbœxZ Kivi ch©vq µwgK cÖqvm wÎZ¡ev` (Trinity) m„wói
†¶‡Î weivU f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
325 m‡b wÎZ¡ev`‡K †Muvov (Orthodox) L„óvb‡ì ag© wek¦vm
e‡j †NvlYv Kiv nq| wKš‘ G †NvlYvq ¯^v¶i `vbKvix‡ì g‡a¨ wKQy
†jvK G‡Z wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡ibwb| KviY Zuviv evB‡e‡j Gi †Kvb wfwË
†`L‡Z cvbwb| GB †NvlYvi RbK e‡j hv‡K we‡ePbv Kiv nq †mB
G_vbvwmqvmI (Athanasius) wb‡R Gi mZ¨Zv m¤ú‡K© ZZUv wbwðZ
wQ‡jb bv| wZwb ¯^xKvi K‡ib †h, ÒhLbB wZwb Zvi Dcjwä†K hxïi
Ck¦i‡Z¡i e¨vcv‡i †Rvi K‡i wbe× Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb, ZLb Zv KóKi
I e¨_© †Póvq ch©ewmZ n‡q‡Q|Ó AwaKš‘ wZwb wj‡L †M‡Qb wPš—v cÖKv‡k
Zuvi A¶gZvi K_v| GgbwK GK ch©v‡q wZwb wj‡L †M‡Qb, ÒwZbRb
bq, Ck¦i GKRbB|Ó wÎZ¡ev‡` Zvi wek¦v‡mi wcQ‡b †Kvb `„p wfwË wQj
bv, eis Zv wQj †KŠkj I AvcvZ cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi Kvi‡Y|
ivR‰bwZK myweav I `k©‡bi fyj hyw³i wfwË‡Z cÖ`Ë G HwZnvwmK
wm×v‡š—i Ab¨Zg D‡`¨v³v wQ‡jb †iv‡gi †cŠËwjK mgªvU KbóvbUvBb
(Constantine) whwb KvDwÝj Ae wbwmqvi (Council of Nicea)
mfvcwZZ¡ K‡iwQ‡jb| µgea©gvb L„óvb m¤úÖ`vq wQj GKwU kw³ hv‡ì
we‡ivwaZv Zvi Kvg¨ wQj bv| Zviv Zuvi mvgªvR¨ `ye©j K‡i w`‡qwQj|
mvgªvR¨‡K kw³kvjx Ki‡Z Zv‡ì mg_©b Zvi Kv‡Q wQj AZ¨š—
g~jëvb| ZvB, L„óvb ag©‡K bZzb iƒc w`‡q wZwb Pv‡P©i mg_©b cvIqvi
Avkv K‡iwQ‡jb Ges GKB mv‡_ wZwb L„óag© I Pv‡P©i g‡a¨ m„ó
weåvwš—i Aemvb NUv‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb †h‡nZz GUv wQj Zvi mgªv‡Rï g‡a¨
m„ó we‡iv‡ai Ab¨Zg KviY|
†h cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g wZwb AvswkKfv‡e Zuvi j¶¨ nvwmj Ki‡Z
mg_© n‡qwQ‡jb Zv Ab¨ GKwU NUbvi `„óvš— †_‡K my¯úó n‡Z cv‡i| G
NUbvwU N‡UwQj wØZxq gnvhy‡×i (1939-45) mgq|
GKevi gymjgvb‡ì C` Drm‡ei KvQvKvwQ mg‡q wm½vcy‡i
AbywôZe¨ C‡ì bvgvR wel‡q †UvwKI †_‡K †Rvi cÖPviYv Pvjv‡bv ïi“
nq| wm½vcyi ZLb Rvcvwb‡ì `L‡j| GUv n‡e GK HwZnvwmK NUbv-
†NvlYv Kij †UvwKI| ejj Gi cÖfve mviv gymwjg we‡k¦ Abyf~Z n‡e|
C‡ì bvgvR wb‡q Rvcvwb‡ì G nVvr gvZvgvwZ K‡qKw`b c‡iB
AvKw¯§Kfv‡e eÜ n‡q hvq| wKQyw`b ci GKwU LÊhy‡× GKRb Rvcvwb
ˆmb¨ e›`x nq| Zv‡K wRÁvmvev` Ki‡ZB D‡b¥vwPZ nq me inm¨|
Rvcvwb ˆmb¨wU Rvbvq †h, Rvcvb miKv‡ii cÖavb †Rbv‡ij †Zv‡Rv
AvaywbK Kv‡ji GKRb †kÖô gymwjg ms¯‹vi‡Ki f~wgKvq AeZxY© nIqvi
cwiKíbv K‡iwQ‡jb| AvaywbK Kv‡ji Pvwn`vi mv‡_ Bmjv‡gi wk¶vi
mgš^q mva‡bi GKwU Kg©m~Px wQj Zvi| Zvi g‡Z, G Kg©m~Px‡Z
gymjgvb‡ì bvgv‡Ri mgq g°vi cwie‡Z© †UvwKIi w`‡K gyL †div‡bv
ïi“ Kivi cwiKíbv wQj hv wKbv †Zv‡Rvi †bZ…‡Z¡ Bmjv‡gi fwel¨r
†K›`ª n‡Zv| ˆmwbKwU Rvbvq, gymjgvbiv Bmjv‡gi GB cÖvP¨-Kvi‡Yi
AwfmwÜ cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kivq cy‡iv cwiKíbvwUB evwZj n‡q hvq| hv †nvK,
G NUbvi ci †m eQi wm½vcy‡i C‡ì bvgvR covi AbygwZ †`qv nqwb|
†Zv‡Rv Bmjv‡gi ¸i“Z¡ Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb Ges wZwb mvgªvRëv`x
cwiKíbv nvwm‡ji cš’v wnmv‡e Bmjvg‡K eënvi Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb|
wKš‘ wZwb G‡Z mdj nbwb| Kbóv›UvBb mdj n‡qwQ‡jb, e¨_©
n‡qwQ‡jb †Zv‡Rv| †Ri“Rv‡j‡gi e`‡j †ivg cj-Abymvix L„óvb‡ì
†K‡›`ª cwiYZ n‡qwQj|
Cmv Av. Gi Avmj wk¶vi GB weK…wZi Awbevh© dj n‡qwQj
wÎZ¡ev`‡K MÖnY, wKš‘ Zv KL‡bvB webv cÖwZev‡` nqwb| 325 m‡b hLb
miKvix fv‡e eû Ck¦iev`‡K ÔA‡_©vW·Õ L„óvb‡ì ag© ixwZ wnmv‡e
†NvlYv Kiv nq ZLb DËi Avwd«Kvi L„óvb‡ì GK †bZv Avwiqvm
(Arius) mgªvU KbóvbUvBb I K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i mw¤§wjZ kw³i wei“‡×
`Êvqgvb nb| wZwb ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`b †h, Cmv Av. me©`vB mªóvi
GK‡Z¡i K_v e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| KbóvbUvBb Zvi me©kw³ I ee©iZv w`‡q
GKZ¡ev‡ì Abymvix‡ì wbg©~j Kivi †Póv Pvjvb| wKš‘ wZwb e¨_© nb|
cwinv‡mi welq †h, KbóvbUvBb wb‡R GKRb GKZ¡ev‡` wek¦vmx
wn‡m‡e g„ZzëiY Ki‡jI wÎZ¡ev` †kl ch©š— BD‡iv‡c L„óxq gZev‡ì
wfwË wn‡m‡e mi Kvix fv‡e M„nxZ nq| GB gZ gvby‡li g‡a¨ e¨vcK
weåvwš—i KviY n‡q ùvovq, KviY Zv‡ì A‡bK‡KB ejv n‡qwQj †h
†evSvi †Kvb †Póv bv K‡iB G‡Z wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ gvbyl Zvi
¯^fve Abyhvqx eyw×i mvnv‡h¨ bqv ag©gZ‡K wePvi I e¨vL¨vi †Póv K‡i
hv eÜ Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv| mvaviY fv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j, G mgq wZbwU wPš—
vavivi Rb¥ nq| cÖ_gwUi cÖe³v wQ‡jb †m›U AvMvóvBb (St.
Augustine) wZwb PZz_© kZvãxi †jvK wQ‡jb| Zuvi AwfgZ wQj †h,
ag©g‡Zi mZ¨Zv cÖgvY Kiv hvq bv| wKš‘ Zvi e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq| wØZxq
wPš—vavivi cÖe³v wQ‡jb †m›U wfKUi (St. Victor) | wZwb wQ‡jb
Øv`k kZvãxi †jvK| wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h, ag©‡K my¯úó fv‡e
cÖgvwYZ I wek`fv‡e e¨³- DfqB Kiv hvq| Z…Zxq avivwUi Rb¥ nq
PZz`©k kZvãx‡Z| Giv ej‡Zb, wÎZ¡ev‡ì e¨vL¨v ev mZ¨Zv cÖgv‡Yi
AeKvk †bB, eis Zv AÜfv‡e MÖnY I wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e|
hwÌ †k‡lv³ G gZev‡ì Zxeª we‡ivwaZv cwinv‡ii j‡¶ hxïi
wk¶v`vb msewjZ MÖš’mg~n m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c aŸsm, jywK‡q †djv bZzev
cwieZ©b Kiv nq| ZviciI †h MÖš’¸‡jv wU‡K wQj †m¸‡jv‡Z h‡_ó
mZ¨ Aewkó wQj| ZvB wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm wUwK‡q ivLvi j‡¶¨ ag©MÖ‡š’i
fv‡lï †P‡q Pv‡P©i †bZv‡ì fv‡lï Dci AwaKZi ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc Kiv
nq| †NvlYv Kiv nq †h, ÒeªvBW Ae †RmvmÓ (Bride of Jesus) ev
Pv‡P©i R‡b¨ cÖ`Ë we‡kl cÖZ¨v‡`kB nj G gZev‡ì wfwË| GLv‡b
D‡j−L Kiv hvq †h, †cvc GKwU c‡Î d«v dzj‡RbwkI‡K (Fra
Fulgention) fr©mbv K‡i wj‡LwQ‡jb †h, Òag©MÖš’mg~‡ni cÖPvi GKwU
m‡›`nRbK welq| †h e¨w³ ag©MÖš’mg~‡ni mv‡_ NwbôZv eRvq ivL‡e
†m e¨w³ K¨v_wjK ag©‡K aŸsm Ki‡e|Ó cieZ©x c‡Î wZwb
ag©MÖš’mg~‡ni Dci AZ¨waK ¸i“Z¡ Av‡iv‡ci wei“‡× ûuwkqvwi D”PviY
K‡i wj‡L‡Qb- ... G ¸‡jv GgbB MÖš’ †h †KD hw` Zv AvuK‡o a‡i Z‡e
†m K¨v_wjK PvP©‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c aŸsm Ki‡e|Ó 3
Cmv Av.- Gi wk¶v‡K Kvh©Kifv‡e cwiZ¨v‡Mi Rb¨ Zvi
HwZnvwmK ev¯—eZv m¤ú‡K© m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c A¯úóZv wecyjfv‡e `vqx| PvP©
ag©‡K ïay ag©MÖš’ †_‡KB wew”Qbœ K‡iwb, Cmv Av.†K KwíZ GK hxïi
mv‡_ Zvj‡Mvj cvwK‡q †d‡j| Avm‡j Cmv Av.- Gi Dci wek¦v‡mi A_©
GB bq †h cybi“¾xweZ L„‡ó wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e| †hLv‡b Cmv Av. Gi
cÖZ¨¶ Abymvixiv Zuvi Av`‡k©i wfwË‡Z Zv‡ì Rxeb M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb,
†mLv‡b cj Abymvix L„óvb‡ì Av`k© wQj hxïi Kw_Z µzkwe× nIqvi
cieZ©x Rxeb| †mB Kvi‡Y Cmv Av. Gi Rxeb I wk¶v Zv‡ì Kv‡Q
Avi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wQj bv|
Cmv Av. Gi wk¶v †_‡K PvP© hZ †ewk `~‡i †h‡Z _v‡K, Pv‡P©i
†bZviv ZZ †ewk RvMwZK ¯^v_© msµvš— wel‡q Rwo‡q co‡Z _v‡K|
Cmv Av. Gi wk¶v Ges PvP© KZ©…c‡¶i cÖZ¨vkvi g‡a¨ eëavb A¯úó
n‡q Avm‡Z _v‡K I GKwUi g‡a¨ AciwU wg‡k †h‡Z ïi“ K‡i| PvP©
ivóª †_‡K hZB wb‡Ri cv_©‡Kï Dci †Rvi w`‡Z _v‡K, ZZB µgk
AwaKZi fv‡e iv‡óªi mv‡_ Rwo‡q hvq Ges GKwU kw³ wn‡m‡e
Avwef©~Z nq| cÖ_gw`‡K PvP© ivRKxq kw³i Aax‡b wQj| wKš‘ hLb Zv
m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Av‡cvl K‡i †d‡j ZLb cwiw¯’wZ Dj‡U hvq| Cmv Av. Gi
wk¶v I GB c_åóZvi g‡a¨ we‡ivwaZv memgqB wQj| PvP© hZB AwaK
gvÎvq ¶gZvkvjx n‡q I‡V ZZB wÎZ¡ev‡` A¯^xK…wZ ÁvcbKvix‡ì
R‡b¨ cwiw¯’wZ wec¾bK n‡q ùvovq| GgbwK G Rb¨ g„Zz¨`Ê ch©š—
†Ìqv ki“ nq| hwÌ jy_vi †ivgvi PvP© cwiZ¨vM K‡ib, Zvi we‡`ªvn
wQj ïay †cv‡ci KZ©…‡Z¡i wei“‡×, †ivgvb K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i †gŠwjK
ag©g‡Zi wei“‡× bq| Gi dj nj GB †h, wZwb GKwU bZzb PvP© cÖwZôv
Ki‡jb Ges Zvi cÖavb n‡jb| L„ó ag©g‡Zi mKj †gŠwjK welqB Zv‡Z
M„nxZ I envj iBj| Gi d‡j †ek wKQy msL¨K ms¯‹viK…Z PvP© I
†Mvôxi cÖwZôv N‡U, wKš‘ ms¯‹vi c~e©eZx L„óag© c~e©ve¯’vqB i‡q hvq|
cjxq Pv‡P©i G `ywU cÖavb kvLv GLb ch©š— wU‡K i‡q‡Q|
DËi Avwd«Kv I cwðg Gwkqvi msL¨vMwiô RbMY Avwiqv‡mi wk¶v
MÖnY K‡iwQj| c‡i †mLv‡b Bmjv‡gi AvMgb NU‡j Zviv mv‡_ mv‡_
Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i| KviY Zviv GKZ¡ev`x gZev‡ì Ges Cmv Av. Gi
cÖK…Z wk¶vi Abymvix wQj| ZvB Zviv Bmjvg‡K mZ¨ ag© wn‡m‡e
¯^xKvi K‡i †bq|
BD‡iv‡c L„óvb m¤úÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ GKZ¡ev‡ì m~ZvwU KL‡bv wQbœ
nqwb| Kvh©Z G Av‡›`vjb kw³kvjx n‡q I‡V Ges AZxZ I eZ©gv‡b
¯’vwcZ Pv‡P©i Ae¨vnZ wbg©g wbh©vZb m‡Ë¡I Zvi Aemvb nqwb|
AvR‡Ki w`‡b µgkB †ewk msL¨K †jvK G e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb n‡q
D‡V‡Q †h Cmv Av. Gi g~j wk¶vi mv‡_ eZ©gvb L„óvb a‡g©i Ôin‡m¨Õ
wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi AeKvk †bB ej‡jB P‡j| eis cÖgvwYZ mZ¨ GB †h,
BwZnv‡mi Cmv Av. Gi m‡½ Pv‡P©i L„‡ói †Kvb m¤úK© †bB| Pv‡P©i hxï
L„óvb‡ì m‡Zï c‡_ †Kvb mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| L„óvb‡ì GB
eZ©gvb Dfq msKU G kZ‡Ki PvP© HwZnvwmK‡ì †jLvq cÖKvwkZ
n‡q‡Q| GWjd nvibvK (Adlof Harnac) †h †gŠwjK Amyweavi K_v
D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb Zv GB †h, ÒPZz_© kZK bvMv` Mm‡cj MÖxK `k©‡bi
gy‡Lv‡k Ave„Z nq| GB gy‡Lvk Ly‡j †djv Ges gy‡Lv‡ki bx‡P L„óa‡g©i
cÖK…Z m‡Zï mv‡_ Zvi cv_©K¨ cÖKv‡ki `vwqZ¡ wQj HwZnvwmK‡ì|Ó
Z‡e nvibvK GB `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Amyweavi K_v D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e
†h `xN©Kvj a‡i †Ru‡K emv ag©g‡Zi gy‡Lvk D‡b¥vPb a‡g©i iƒc‡KB
cv‡ë w`‡Z cviZ :
G gy‡Lvk Zvi wbR¯^ Rxebx kw³ AR©b K‡iwQj| wÎZ¡ev`, L„‡ói ˆØZ
mËv, Aåvš—Zv, Ges G me gZev‡ì mg_©bm~PK cÖ¯—vevw` wQj
HwZnvwmK wm×vš— I cwiw¯’wZi m„wó hv m¤ú~Y© wfbœiƒ‡c cwiewZ©Z n‡q
wM‡qwQj Zv m‡Ë¡I Av‡Mi ev c‡ii GB m„ó cwiewZ©Z kw³, GB
gZev`, cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vi gZB eRvq wQj, G eyw×evw`Zv wQj GK
e`f¨vm hv wZwb hLb Bqvû`x‡ì KvQ †_‡K cvwj‡q Av‡mb †m mgq
L„óvbiv MÖxK‡ì KvQ †_‡K jvf K‡iwQj|
nvibvK Zvi Ab¨ GKwU MÖ‡š’ G welqwU wek` Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
†mLv‡b wZwb ¯^xKvi K‡ib :
...4_ Mm‡cj (Gospel) ag© cÖPviK Rb †_‡K D™¢‚Z bq ev D™¢‚Z
nIqvi K_v e‡j bv| KviY ag© cÖPviK Rb HwZnvwmK m~Î wn‡m‡e MY¨
n‡Z cv‡ib bv.... PZz_© Mm‡c‡ji †jLK m¤ú~Y© ¯^vaxbfv‡e KvR
K‡i‡Qb, NUbvejxi cwieZ©b NwU‡q‡Qb Ges †m¸‡jv‡K A‡Pbv Av‡jvq
Av‡jvwKZ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wb‡RB Av‡jvPbv cwimgvwß NwU‡q‡Qb Ges
KvíwbK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z gnr wPš—v¸‡jv mwbœ‡ek K‡i‡Qb|
nvibvK cybivq weL¨vZ L„óvb HwZnvwmK †WwfW óªm (David
Strauss) Gi MÖ‡š’i K_v D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| ÷ªm‡K wZwb ïay PZz_© bq,
cÖ_g wZbwU Mm‡c‡ji HwZnvwmK mybvg I wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv aŸs‡mi
R‡bÏ `vqx K‡i‡Qb| 5
Ab¨ HwZnvwmK †Rvnv‡bm †jngv‡bi (Johannes Lehmann)
g‡Z 4wU M„nxZ Mm‡c‡ji †jLKiv wfbœ GK hxïi eY©bv K‡i‡Qb whwb
HwZnvwmK ev¯—eZvi Øviv cwiwPZ Cmv Av. bb| Gi cwiYwZ ev
djvdj whwb D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb †mB †nBÄ RvnibU (Heinz Zahrnt)-
†K DØ„Z K‡i †jngvb e‡jb :
HwZnvwmK M‡elYv hw` cÖgvY Ki‡Z cv‡i †h BwZnv‡mi Cmv Av. I
cÖPvwiZ hxïi g‡a¨ gxgvsmvi A‡hvM¨ ci¯úi we‡ivwaZv i‡q‡Q Ges
hxï‡Z wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi gZ mg_©b ¯^qs Cmv Av. Gi g‡a¨B †bB, Zvn‡j
†mUv ZvwË¡Kfv‡e ïay gvivZ¥K fyjB n‡e bv, eis Gb. G. Rvnj (N.A.
Jahl) †hgbwU e‡jb, Zvi A_© ùvov‡e L„óxq ag©- `k©‡bi Aemvb|
ZeyI Avgvi wek¦vm, Avgiv ag©ZË¡weìv G †_‡K wb®‹…wZi c_ †ei
Ki‡Z cvie, †Kvb mgqB Avgiv hv cvwiwb; Z‡e Avgiv nq GLb
wg_¨vPvi KiwQ, bq ZLb Kie| 6
Dc‡iv³ ¶z`ª K‡qKwU D×„wZ †_‡K GKw`‡K AvR‡Ki L„óa‡g©i Dfq
msKU †hgb cÖKvwkZ nq Ab¨w`‡K Rvnib&U&- Gi e³eÏ A‡bK †ewk
¸i“Zi wKQyi Avfvm †`q| †mUv GB †h, Cmv Av. Gi wk¶v, Pv‡P©i
f~wgKv I Zuvi Abymvix‡ì welq¸‡jv Nwbôfv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv
hvq Zuvi wk¶vi Avmj D‡Ïk¨ D‡cw¶Z A_ev wejyß n‡q‡Q| Gi
D`vniY wn‡m‡e w_I‡Wvi hvqb Pv‡P©i ga¨Kvi wZ³ we‡iv‡ai D‡j−L
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb †h, †ivgvb K¨v_wjK PvP© MÖxK A‡_©vW· PvP©‡K
fvj I g›` D‡Ïk¨ ms‡hvRb I we‡qvR‡bi gva¨‡g cweÎ MÖš’
cybwe©b¨v‡mi R‡b¨ Awfhy³ K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K MÖxK‡ì cvjUv Awf‡hvM
i‡q‡Q †h, wewfbœ ¯’v‡bi K¨v_wjKiv wb‡RivB g~j evB‡ej †_‡K `~‡i
m‡i †M‡Q| Z‡e Zv‡ì GB we‡f` m‡Ë¡I Zviv Df‡q wg‡j †h me
L„óvb wMR©vi Abymvix bq Zv‡ì mZ¨c_ †_‡K wePz¨Z e‡j AwfwnZ Ges
Zv‡ì Ck¦i‡`ªvnx e‡j wb›`v K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K Ck¦i‡`ªvnx e‡j AvL¨vwqZ
L„óvbiv cvëv Rev‡e K¨v_wjK‡ì m‡Zï RvwjqvwZ Kivi Rb¨ Awfhy³
K‡i| hvqb e‡jb, cÖK…Z NUbv †_‡K Gme Awf‡hv‡Mi mZ¨Zv wK
cÖgvwYZ nq bv?7
Cmv Av. ¯^qs m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c we¯§„Z| hviv Cmv Av. Gi e¨vcv‡i
m‡PZb Ges me©vš—tKi‡Y Zuvi g~j Av`‡k© cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i Rxeb
AwZevwnZ Ki‡Z Pvq, Zviv Zv Ki‡Z evavMÖ¯— n‡”Q| KviY Cmv Av.
Gi cÖK…Z wk¶v I Av`k© AvR m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Aš—wn©Z n‡q‡Q Ges Zvi
cybi“×viI m¤¢e bq|
Givmgvm (Erasmus) Gi e³e¨ n‡jv :
Hkx welq mg~‡n cÖvPxb‡ì Ávb wQj mvgvb¨B| ag© Av‡M evwn¨K
AvPiY bq, Aš—‡ii welq wQj| ag© hLb Aš—‡ii e`‡j wjwLZ iƒ‡c
Gj, ZLb Zv cÖvq me©vs‡k hZ gvbyl ZZ ag©g‡Zi iƒc MÖnY Kij|
L„‡ói ag©gZ, hv cÖ_‡g †Kvb cÖ‡f` RvbZ bv, Zv `k©‡bi mvnvh¨- wbf©i
n‡q coj| Pv‡P©i cZ‡bi GUvB wQj cÖ_g ch©vq|
Gfv‡e PvP© eva¨ nj K_vq wK cÖKvk Kiv hv‡e bv Zv e¨vL¨v
Ki‡Z| Dfq c¶B mgªv‡Ui mg_©b Av`vq Ki‡Z †KŠkj MÖnY K‡i|
Givmgvm e‡jb:
G e¨vcv‡i mgªv‡Ui KZ©…‡Z¡i cÖ‡qvM a‡g©i cÖK…Z †Kvb mvnv‡h¨
Av‡mwb...... hLb ag© Aš—‡ii Dcjwä bv n‡q gy‡Li eywj‡Z cwiYZ
n‡q‡Q, ZLb cweÎ evB‡e‡ji cÖK…Z wk¶v wejyß n‡q‡Q| ZviciI
Avgiv gvbyl‡K Zviv hv wek¦vm K‡i bv Zv wek¦vm Kivi Rb¨, Zviv hv
fvj ev‡m bv Zv Zv‡K fvj evmvi Rb¨, Zviv hv Rv‡b bv Zv Rvbvi Rb¨
Zv‡ì eva¨ KiwQ| hv‡Z ej cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq Zv Avš—wiK n‡Z cv‡i bv|
8
Givmgvm e‡jb, Cmv Av. Gi cÖZ¨¶ Abymvixiv GKZ¡ev`‡K

¯^xKvi K‡iwQ‡jb hv KL‡bvB Zv‡ì e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z nqwb| wKš‘ hLb
Cmv Av. Gi wk¶v Qwo‡q coj Ges Pv‡P©i g‡a¨ we‡iva †`Lv w`j,
ZLb Ávbx e¨w³iv Zv‡ì ZË¡Ávb e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| Gi ci Zviv
hxïi wk¶v mvgwMÖK fv‡e nvwi‡q †d‡jb, Zvi mv‡_ mv‡_ GKZ¡evÌ
nvwi‡q hvq| Zv‡ì GKgvÎ AvkÖq wQj wKQy kã I MÖxK `k©‡bi
cwifvlv hvi `„wó wQj GKZ¡ev` bq, wÎZ¡ev‡ì cÖwZ| Gfv‡e ev¯—eZvi
cÖwZ mnR I weï× Av¯’v Ggb GKwU fvlvq ¯’vwcZ nj hv Cmv Av. Gi
Kv‡Q wQj AcwiwPZ Ges Zv Cmv Av. I cweÎ AvZ¥v‡K D‡c¶v K‡i
Rb¥ †`q wÎZ¡ev‡ì| GKZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm nviv‡bvi Awbevh© cwiYwZ
wn‡m‡e gvby‡li g‡a¨ †`Lv w`j weåvwš— I we‡f`|
hviv Rvb‡Z Pvb †h hxï †K wQ‡jb Ges Avm‡j wZwb Kx wk¶v `vb
K‡iwQ‡jb Zv Rvbvi R‡b¨ G DcjwäwU †h †Kvb e¨w³i R‡b¨B
AZ¨vek¨K| †m mv‡_ G K_vI Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb †h, gvbyl wÎZ¡ev‡`B
wek¦vm Ki“K A_ev gy‡L GKZ¡ev‡ì K_vB ejyK, Zv‡ì Kv‡Q hw`
GKRb bexi ˆ`bw›`b Kvh©vejx (hv Zuvi wk¶vi g~Z© cÖZxK) m¤ú‡K©
AewnZ nIqvi †Kvb Dcvq bv _v‡K ZLb Zviv ¶wZMÖ¯—B nq|
wØZxq Aa¨vq
Cmv Av. Gi HwZnvwmK weeiY
hxï cÖK…Zc‡¶ †K ev Kx wQ‡jb Zv Avwe®‹v‡ii R‡b¨ gvbyl hZ
†ewk †Póv Ki‡Z _v‡K ZZB Zuvi m¤ú‡K© Áv‡bi ¯^íZv cÖKU n‡q
†`Lv †`q| Zuvi wk¶v Kg©Kv‡Êi wjwLZ weeiY _vK‡jI wZwb
Avm‡j Kxfv‡e Rxeb AwZevwnZ Ki‡Zb Ges Ab¨ †jvK‡ì mv‡_
wZwb cÖwZw`b Kxfv‡e KvRKg© Ki‡Zb, †m e¨vcv‡i Lye KgB Rvbv
hvq|
hxï Ges Zuvi Kg©KvÊ m¤ú‡K© eû †jvK wewfbœ gZ w`‡q‡Q,
wKš‘ †m¸‡jv weK…Z| G m‡ei g‡a¨ wKQy mZ¨Zv hwÌ Av‡Q, wKš‘
GK_v mZ¨ †h wewfbœ mg‡q wjwLZ 4wU M„nxZ Mm‡cj (evB‡e‡ji
bZzb wbqg) cwiewZ©Z I †mÝiK…ZB ïay nqwb, †m¸‡jv cÖZ¨¶`k©xi
weeiYI bq| cÖ_g Mm‡c‡ji iPwqZv gvK© (Mark)| GwU wjwLZ
nq 60-75 m‡b| wZwb wQ‡jb †m›U evb©vev‡mi (St. Barnabas)-
Gi †ev‡bi cyÎ| gw_ (Mathew) wQ‡jb GKRb U¨v· Kv‡j±i
(Ki Av`vqKvix) Z_v wbæc`¯’ Kg©KZ©v| wZwb hxïi mv‡_ ågY
K‡ibwb| j~‡Ki (Luke) Mm‡cj A‡bK c‡i wjwLZ| ZvQvov gw_
I gv‡K©i gZ Zvi Mm‡c‡ji eY©bvi Drm GKB| jyK wQ‡jb c‡ji
(†cŠj-Paul) wPwKrmK Ges c‡ji gZ wZwbI KL‡bv hxï‡K
†`‡Lbwb| R‡bi (BD‡nvbœv) Mm‡c‡ji Drm wfbœ Ges Av‡iv c‡i
1kÕ m‡bi w`‡K iwPZ| Zv‡K hxïi wkl¨ Rb (John) g‡b Kiv fyj
n‡e, KviY wZwb wfbœ e¨w³| GB Mm‡cj‡K hxïi Rxe‡bi
wbf©i‡hvM¨ weeiY e‡j MY¨ Kiv DwPZ n‡e wKbv Ges Zv cweÎ
MÖ‡š’i Aš—f©y³ n‡e wKbv Zv wb‡q `yÕk eQi a‡i DËß weZK©
P‡jwQj|
weL¨vZ Ôgi“ mvMi cuyw_iÕ (Dead Sea Scrolls) Avwe®‹vi hxï
†h ¯’v‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb †mLvbKvi mgv‡Ri cÖK…Z I êwkó¨
m¤ú‡K© bZzb Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i| evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡j Ab¨vb¨
Mm‡cj¸‡jvi †P‡q hxïi Rxe‡bi A‡bK †ewk w`K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q
Ges hxï cÖK…Zc‡¶ wK wQ‡jb, KziAvb I nvw`m †m welqwU Av‡iv
e¨vL¨vi gva¨‡g my¯úó K‡i‡Q|
Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, hxï Av¶wiK A‡_© ÔCk¦‡ii cyÎÕ wQ‡jb
bv| Zuvi c~e©eZ©x bex Beivwng Av. I bex gymv Av. Ges cieZ©x bex
gynv¤§` mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg Gi gZ wZwbI wQ‡jb GKRb
bex| mKj gvby‡li gZ wZwbI Lv`¨ MÖnY Ki‡Zb Ges nvU- evRv‡i
†h‡Zb|
Avgiv †`wL, Awbevh©fv‡e wZwb †mB me †jvK‡ì mv‡_ wb‡R‡K
msMÖvgiZ †`L‡Z †c‡qwQ‡jb hv‡ì ¯^v_© wQj Zuvi wk¶vi we‡ivax|
wZwb †h cÖZ¨v‡`k jvf K‡ib †mUv Zviv †g‡b †bqwb A_ev mZ¨
Rvbv m‡Ë¡I Zv D‡c¶v K‡i gvby‡li †Pv‡L ¶gZv jvf, ab m¤ú`
AR©b I L¨vwZ cÖwZcwËi R‡b¨ Zv eënvi K‡i‡Q|
Av‡iv †`Lv hvq, hxïi Bn‡jŠwKK Rxeb Bqvû`x BwZnv‡mi
Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| ZvB Zuvi Kvwnwb Rvb‡Z †M‡j †m BwZnv‡mi cÖwZ
`„wó †Ìqv cÖ‡qvRb| hxï Zuvi mgMÖ Rxe‡b wQ‡jb GKRb †Muvov
Bqvû`x ag©vPiYKvix| wZwb eû eQi a‡i cwieZ©‡bi wkKvi gymv Av.
Gi g~j wk¶v cybe©¨³ I cybi“¾xe‡bi Rb¨ G‡mwQ‡jb|
cwi‡k‡l Avgiv †`wL, whwb µzkwe× n‡qwQ‡jb wZwb hxï bb,
ZuviB gZ †`L‡Z Ab¨ GK e¨w³| GK †ivgvb Kg©KZ©v †j›Uvjvm
(Lentutus) hxïi eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb Gfv‡e :
Kvb ch©š— ev`vwg i‡Oi Pzj wQj Zuvi, †m¸‡jv wQj †KuvKov‡bv
Ges †m Pz‡ji evnvwi¸”Q †b‡g wM‡qwQj Kuv‡ai Dci,
bvRv‡ibxq‡ì gZ gv_vi ga¨fv‡M wQj wmuw_ KvUv| Zvi åƒ wQj
gm„Y I ¯úó, †Kvb `vM I ewj‡iLv k~b¨ jvj‡P gyLgÊj| bvK I
gyL wQj wbLuyZ| Zuvi wQj my`„k¨ `vwo hvi is wQj gv_vi Pz‡ji i‡Oi
gZB Ges Zv ga¨fv‡M wef³ wQj| Zuvi `yÕwU †PvL wQj bxj a~mi,
Zv‡Z AmvaviYfv‡e me Abyf~wZi cÖKvk NUZ| Zuvi D”PZv wQj
gvSvwi, mv‡o 15 gy‡Vv (Fists) `xN©| KwVb Ae¯’vqI wZwb Drdzj−
_vK‡Zb| †Kvb †Kvb mgq wZwb Kuv`‡Zb, Z‡e †KD Zuv‡K †Kvbw`b
nvm‡Z †`‡Lwb|
nvw`m kix‡d Zuvi eY©bv i‡q‡Q mvgvb¨ c„_Kfv‡e :
Zuvi Mv‡qi is wQj mv`v †Nulv jvj‡P| wZwb KL‡bv gv_vq †Zj
†`bwb| wZwb nuvU‡Zb Lvwj cv‡q| w`‡bi Lvevi Qvov Zuvi m¤^j wQj
bv| Zuvi †Kvb Ni wQj bv| wQj bv †Kvb AjsKvi, †Kvb wRwbmcÎ,
†cvkvK mvgMÖx, †Kvb m¤ú`| Zuvi gv_v _vKZ Aweb¨¯—, Zuvi
gyLgÊj wQj †QvU| GB c„w_ex‡Z wZwb wQ‡jb GK ì‡ek, cieZ©x
Rxe‡bi R‡b¨ A‡c¶v gvb Ges Avj−vni Bev`‡Z gk¸j|
hxïi R‡b¥i mwVK ZvwiL Rvbv hvqwb| j~‡Ki g‡Z 6 L„óv‡ã †h
Av`g ïgvwi nq, Zvi KvQvKvwQ mg‡q hxï Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| G
K_vI ejv n‡q‡Q †h, wZwb †n‡iv‡ì (Herode) Avg‡j Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib| †n‡iv‡ì g„Zz¨ nq 4 L„óc~e©v‡ã|
wfb‡m›U †UBj‡ii (Vincent Taylor) wm×vš— hxïi Rb¥ 8
L„óc~e©v‡ãi w`‡K n‡Z cv‡i|1 Zuvi g‡Z, †h‡nZz hxïi cÖK…Z ev
Avmbœ Rb¥jv‡fi msev‡ì †cÖw¶‡Z †n‡iv` †e_‡j‡n‡gi mKj
beRvZ wkï‡ì nZ¨vi digvb Rvwi K‡iwQ‡jb, †m‡nZz hxïi Rb¥
Aek¨B †n‡iv‡ì g„Zzï c~‡e©B N‡UwQj| GgbwK Avgiv hw` j~‡Ki
Mm‡cj †`wL, Zvn‡j †`Lv hvq, GB GKB Mm‡c‡ji `yÕwU cO&w³i
weei‡Yi ga¨Kvi eëavb `k eQi| AwaKvsk fvl¨KviB wØZxq
cO&w³‡Z wek¦vm K‡ib| G‡Z ejv i‡q‡Q, hxï 4 L„óc~e©v‡ã A_©vr
ÔL„‡ói R‡b¥i Pvi eQi c~‡e©Õ Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
gvZv †gixi A‡jŠwKK Mf© aviY I hxïi Rb¥MÖnY e¨vcK
Av‡jvPbvi welqe¯‘ n‡q‡Q| wKQy †jv‡Ki wek¦vm †h wZwb
†Rv‡m‡di i³ gvs‡mi mš—vb Qvov Ab¨ wKQy bb| c¶vš—‡i
A‡jŠwKK aviYvq wek¦vmx‡ì g‡Z wZwb wQ‡jb Ck¦‡ii cyÎ| Z‡e
GB ÔCk¦‡ii cyÎÕ K_vwU Av¶wiKfv‡e bv AvjsKvwiKfv‡e MÖnY Kiv
n‡e †m e¨vcv‡i Zv‡ì g‡a¨ gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| j~K e‡jb:
`~Z Mvweª‡qj Ck¦‡ii KvQ †_‡K GKRb Kzgvixi Kv‡Q †cÖwiZ
n‡qwQ‡jb........ †mB Kzgvixi bvg wQj †gix| Ges `~Z Zuvi Kv‡Q
AvMgb Ki‡jb Ges m‡¤^vab Ki‡jb: Ô†n Ck¦‡ii wecyj AbyMÖn cÖvß
igYx|Õ wZwb hLb Zuv‡K †`L‡jb, Zuvi K_vq weeªZ n‡jb Ges G
m‡¤^vabwUi Zvrch© Dcjwäi †Póv Ki‡jb| `~Z Zuv‡K ej‡jb : Ô†n
†gix! Avcwb fxZ n‡eb bv, KviY Avcwb Ck¦‡ii AbyMÖn jvf
K‡i‡Qb| Avcbvi Mf© mÂvi n‡e Ges GK cyÎ Rb¥ †b‡e, Zvi
bvgKiY Ki‡eb hxï....|Ó ZLb †gix `~Z‡K ej‡jb: ÔGUv wK K‡i
m¤¢e? Avwg †Kvb cyi“l‡K wPwb bv|Ó .... `~Z Reve w`‡jb : Ò
Ck¦‡ii B”Qvq †Kvb wKQyB Am¤¢e bqÓ... †gix ej‡jb, ÒAvwg
Ck¦‡ii †mweKv, Avgvi e¨vcv‡i Ck¦‡ii B”QvB c~Y© †nvK|Ó Gici
`~Z cÖ¯’vb Ki‡jb|
(j~K: 1 : 26-39)
GKB NUbv KziAvb gwR‡` ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e :
: ¯§iY Ki, hLb wdwikZvMY e‡jwQj Ò†n gvi&qvg! Avj−vn
†Zvgv‡K g‡bvbxZ I cweÎ K‡i‡Qb Ges we‡k¦i bvixi g‡a¨
†Zvgv‡K g‡bvbxZ K‡i‡Qb.... †n gvi&qvg! wbðqB Avj−vn †Zvgv‡K
Zuvi c¶ n‡Z GKwU Kvwjgvi mymsev` w`‡”Qb (cyÎ mš—v‡bi), Zvi
bvg gmxn, gvi&qvg Zbq Cmv.... †m ejj : †n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK!
Avgv‡K †Kvb cyi“l ¯úk© K‡iwb, Avgvi mš—vb n‡e Kxfv‡e? wZwb
ej‡jb: G fv‡eB| Avj−vn hv B”Qv m„wó K‡ib| wZwb hLb wKQy w¯’i
K‡ib ZLb e‡jb : ÔnIÕ Ges Zv n‡q hvq|
(Avj-KziAvbt 3t 42-47)
4wU Mm‡c‡ji g‡a¨ gvK© I Rb (†hvnb-BD‡nvbœv) hxïi Rb¥
m¤ú‡K© bxie Ges gw_ `vqmviv fv‡e Zv D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| Gici
j~K hxïi esk e„Ëvš— D‡j−L K‡i Avevi ¯^we‡ivwaZvi cwiPq
w`‡q‡Qb, c¶vš—‡i gvK© I Rb †Kvb esk e„Ëvš— †`bwb| gw_ I
j~‡Ki g‡a¨ gw_ Av`g I hxïi gaëZ©x 26 R‡bi bvg D‡j−L
K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K j~‡Ki ZvwjKvq Av‡Q 42 R‡bi bvg| Gfv‡e
`yÕR‡bi eY©bvq 16 R‡bi AmvgÄm¨ cwijw¶Z nq| hw` †Kvb
e¨w³i Mo eqm 40 eQiI †g‡b †bqv hvq, ZviciI hxïi Kw_Z
c~ec
© yi“l‡ì `yÕwU ZvwjKvi g‡a¨ eëavb ùvovq 6kZ 40 eQi|
wKš‘ hxïi A‡jŠwKK R‡b¥i e¨vcv‡i KziAv‡b ci¯úi we‡ivax
†Kvb eY©bv †bB| hxïi ÔCk¦i‡Z¡iÕi (Divinity) welqwU KziAvb
`„pfv‡e cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q| hxïi Rb¥ MÖn‡Yi ciciB hv N‡UwQj
KziAv‡b †m eY©bv cvV Ki‡jB Zv my¯úó n‡e:
: Gici †m mš—vb‡K wb‡q Zvi m¤úÖ`v‡qi Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z nj|
Zviv ejj : Ô†n gvi&qvg! Zzwg †Zv GK A™¢yZ KvÊ K‡i e‡mQ! †n
nvi“‡Yi †evb, †Zvgvi wcZv Amr e¨w³ wQj bv, Ges †Zvgvi gvZvI
wQj bv e¨wfPvwiYx|Ó Gici gvi&qvg mš—v‡bi w`‡K Bw½Z Kij|
Zviv ejj, Ô†h Kv‡ji wkï, Zvi mv‡_ Avgvi †Kgb K‡i K_v
ejj?Ó †m ejj. ÒAvwg †Zv Avj−vni ev›`v| wZwb Avgv‡K wKZve
w`‡q‡Qb I bex K‡i‡Qb| †hLv‡bB Avwg _vwK bv †Kb wZwb
Avgv‡K eiKZgq K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Avgv‡K wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb RxeÏkv
ch©š— bvgvR I hvKvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z, Avi Avgv‡K Avgvi gvZvi
cÖwZ AbyMZ K‡i‡Qb, wZwb Avgv‡K K‡ibwb D×Z I nZfvM¨|
Avgvi cÖwZ kvwš— †hw`b Avwg Rb¥jvf K‡iwQ, †hw`b Avgvi g„Zz¨
n‡e Ges †hw`b RxweZve¯’vq Avwg cybi“wÌZ ne|Ó GB-B Cmv
gvi&qvg Zbq| Avwg ejjvg mZ¨ K_v, †h wel‡q Zviv weZK© K‡i|
mš—vb MÖnY Kiv Avj−vni KvR bq| wZwb cweÎ gwngvgq| wZwb hLb
wKQy w¯’i K‡ib, ZLb e‡jb ÔnIÕ Avi Zv n‡q hvq|
(Avj-KziAvb : 19t 27-)
Av`g Av.) Gi Rb¥ me‡P‡q eo A‡jŠwKK NUbv †h‡nZz wcZv
ev gvZv QvovB wZwb Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib| nvIqvi Rb¥I hxïi R‡b¥i
†P‡q A‡bK eo A‡jŠwKK NUbv, †h‡nZz wZwb †Kvb gv QvovB R‡b¥
wQ‡jb| KziAvb gRx‡` ewY©Z Av‡Q:
Avj−vni Kv‡Q Cmvi `„óvš— Av`‡gi `„óvš— m`„k| wZwb Zv‡K
m„wó K‡iwQ‡jb gvwU †_‡K, Zvici wZwb Zv‡K e‡jwQ‡jb : ÔnIÕ
Ges †m n‡q †Mj|
(Avj KziAvb 3: 59)
hxï †h mgv‡R Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb †m mgv‡R ivR‰bwZK I
mvgvwRK fv‡e whv N‡UwQj Zvi †cÖ¶vc‡U hxïi Rxeb‡K wePvi Kiv
¸i“Z¡cY~ |© Bqvû`x RM‡Z GUv wQj GK gnv †Mvj‡hv‡Mi Kvj|
Bqvû`xiv Zv‡ì BwZnv‡m evi evi AvMÖvm‡bi wkKvi n‡q nvbv`v‡ii
c`Z‡j wbw®úó n‡q‡Q| G wel‡q c‡i we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv
hv‡e| hv †nvK, evisevi civRq Bqvû`x‡ì Amnvq K‡i †Zv‡j,
d‡j Zv‡ì g‡b wawK wawK R¡j‡Z _v‡K N„Yvi Av¸b| Zv m‡Ë¡I,
Mfxi nZvkv fiv w`b¸‡jv‡ZI Bqvû`x‡ì GKwU eo AskB Zv‡ì
gvbwmK fvimvg¨ envj iv‡L G Avkvq †h GK bqv gymv Av. Avm‡eb
Ges Zuvi mn‡hvMx‡ì wb‡q AvMÖvmbKvix‡ì weZvwoZ Ki‡Z m¶g
n‡eb, Avevi cÖwZwôZ n‡e wh‡nvfvi kvmb| wZwb n‡eb †gwmqvn&
(Messiah) A_©vr Awfwl³ hxï|
Bqvû`x RvwZi g‡a¨ GKwU Ask wQj hviv memgq
¶gZvmxb‡ì c~Rv KiZ| cÖwZK‚j Ae¯’vqI wb‡R‡ì myweav jv‡fi
R‡b¨ Zviv hy‡Mi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q cvj Dwo‡q w`Z| Zviv
abm¤ú` I ag©xq Ae¯’v‡bi w`K w`‡q D”P¯’v‡b AwawôZ n‡qwQj|
wKš‘ Zv m‡Ë¡I Bqvû`x RvwZi Aewkó Ask Zv‡ì wek¦vmNvZK
wn‡m‡eB MY¨ KiZ|
G `ywU Ask QvovI Bqvû`x‡ì g‡a¨ Z…Zxq Av‡iKwU `j wQj
hv‡ì mv‡_ c~‡e©v³ `yÕwU `‡ji e¨vcv‡i cv_©K¨ wQj| Zviv AvkÖq
wb‡qwQj R½‡j Ges ZvIivZ Abyhvqx Zviv ag© cvjb KiZ| hLbB
my‡hvM AvmZ ZLwb Zviv nvbv`vi‡ì wei“‡× jovB KiZ| G mgq
†ivgvbiv Zv‡ì ¸ß NuvwU¸‡jv Luy‡R †ei Kivi R‡b¨ eûevi †Póv
PvwjI e¨_© nq| GB †`k †cÖwgK Bqvû`x‡ì msL¨v µgkB evo‡Z
_v‡K| †Rv‡mdv‡mi KvQ †_‡K Zv‡ì K_v cÖ_g Rvbv hvq| wZwb
Bqvû`x‡ì G 3wU `j‡K h_vµ‡g dvixmx (Pharisees), mvÏyKx
(Sadducces) I G‡mwb (Essenes) e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib|
G‡mwb‡ì Aw¯—Z¡ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nIqv †M‡jI wek` wKQy Rvbv
hvq bv| 4wU Mm‡c‡ji †KvbwU‡ZB Zv‡ì bvg GKeviI Dwj−wLZ
nqwb| Gi ci bvUKxq AvKw¯§KZvi g‡a¨ gi“ mvM‡ii Kv‡Q
R`©v‡bi cvnvo¸‡jv‡Z gi“ mvMi cuyw_ (Dead Sea Scrolls) bv‡g
cwiwPZ `wjj- cÎ Avwe®‹…Z nq| G Avwe®‹vi we‡k¦i eyw×Rxex I
hvRK gn‡j So †Zv‡j| G cÖm‡½ G `wjj- cÎ Kxfv‡e Avwe®‹…Z
nj †m Kvwnwbi wKQyUv D‡j−L Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
1947 mvj| Kzgiv‡bi Kv‡Q cÖvš—‡i GK Avie evjK †gN
Pivw”Qj| GK mgq †m j¶ Kij, cv‡j GKwU †gl †bB| Kv‡QB
cvnvo| †glwU nq‡Zv †mw`‡KB †M‡Q †f‡e evjKwU cvnv‡o wM‡q
†gl LuyR‡Z ïi“ Kij| GK mgq Zvi bR‡i coj GKwU ¸nv| †m
fvej, †glwU †eva nq Gi g‡a¨B Xy‡K c‡o‡Q| evjKwU ¸nvi
wfZ‡i GKwU cv_i wb‡¶c Kij| cv_‡i cv_‡i msN‡l©i kã
†kvbvi Avkv KiwQj †m| wKš‘ Zvi cwie‡Z© g‡b nj, cv_‡ii
UzK‡ivwU †Kvb gvwUi cvÎ RvZxq †Kvb e¯‘i Mv‡q AvNvZ K‡i‡Q|
gyn‚‡Z©B Zvi g‡b iwOb ¯^cœ Wvbv †g‡j| †m fvej, wbðq †Kvb
¸ßab Av‡Q G ¸nvq| ciw`b mKv‡j †m Avevi ¸nvq wd‡i Av‡m|
mv‡_ GKRb eÜz‡KI wb‡q hvq †m| `yÕR‡b ¸nvi wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek
K‡i| wKš‘ nZvk nq Zviv| ¸nvi †Kv_vI ¸ßab †bB| Zvi
cwie‡Z© fvOv‡Pviv gvwUi wRwbmc‡Îi g‡a¨ Zviv K‡qKwU gvwUi
Kjm (Jar) †`L‡Z †cj| Gi †fZi †_‡K GKwU Kjm wb‡q
wb‡R‡ì Zuvey‡Z Gj Zviv| †mwU †f‡O †djvi ci Zv‡ì †kl
AvkvUzKI z wejxb n‡q †Mj| Kj‡mi †fZi †_‡K cvIqv †Mj
Pvgovq †jLv GKwU cuyw_| †MvUv‡bv cuyw_wU Lyj‡Z Lyj‡Z †kl ch©š—
Zv Zuveyi Gcvk †_‡K Icvk ch©š— †cŠQj| GUv wQj †mB cuyw_¸‡jvi
GKwU hv c‡i AvovB jvL Wjv‡i wewµ nq| Avie evjKwU K‡qK
wkwjs Gi wewbg‡q Kvb‡Wv (Kando) bvgK GK wmixq L„óv‡bi
Kv‡Q cuyw_wU wewµ K‡i †`q| Kvb‡Wv wQj GKRb gywP| †m eû
cy‡iv‡bv PvgovwU wK‡bwQj G Rb¨ †h GUv nq‡Zv †Kvb cy‡iv‡bv RyZv
†givg‡Z Kv‡R jvM‡e| nVvr Kvb‡Wv j¶ K‡i †h PvgovwUi Dc‡i
Kxme †jLv i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ fvlvwU Zvi ARvbv _vKvq †m wKQyB eyS‡Z
cvij bv| fvj K‡i †`‡L wb‡q †m cuyw_wU †Ri“Rv‡j‡gi †m›U gvK©
g‡Vi wmixq AvP© wekc‡K †`Lv‡e e‡j gb¯’ Kij| G fv‡e G `yB
e¨w³ A‡_©vcvR©‡bi Kvi‡Y cu~w_wU GK †`k †_‡K Ab¨ †`‡k e‡q
wb‡q hvq|
R`©v‡bi Av‡gwiKvb Iwi‡q›Uvj Bbw÷wUD‡U G cuyw_¸‡jv Iì
†Uóv‡g‡›Ui wUkvB‡qi MÖ‡š’i (Book of Tsaiah) ÁvZ Kwç‡jvi
g‡a¨ me©v‡c¶v cÖvPxb e‡j †`Lv †Mj| Gi 7 eQi ci cuyw_¸‡jv
BmivBj miKvi KZ©…K †Ri“Rv‡j‡gi MÖš’ gw›`‡i (Shrine of the
book) iw¶Z nq|
†gvUvgywU wn‡m‡e R`©vb b`xi ZxieZ©x cvnv‡o cÖvq 6k ¸nv
i‡q‡Q| G me ¸nv‡ZB evm KiZ G‡mbxiv| G Bqvû`x m¤úÖ`vqwU
gvby‡li mskÖe Z¨vM K‡iwQj| KviY Zviv wek¦vm KiZ †h GKRb
cÖK…Z Bqvû`x ïaygvÎ wh‡nvfvi (Jehovah) (Iì †Uóv‡g‡›U
Ck¦i‡K wh‡nvfv e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q) mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i Aax‡bB
evm Ki‡Z cv‡i, Ab¨ Kv‡iv KZ©…‡Z¡i Aax‡b bq| Zv‡ì wek¦vm
Abyhvqx †ivgvb mgªv‡Ui Aax‡b †h Bqvû`x emevm Ges Zv‡K cÖfy
wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvi K‡i †m cvc KvR K‡i|
c„w_exi †fvM- wejvm, Avo¤îc~Y© Rxeb Ges A`g¨ †mB kw³
hv Awbevh©fv‡e gvbyl‡K †V‡j †`q we‡iva I AvZ¥- aŸs‡mi c‡_,
cÖf„wZ Kvi‡Y exZkÖ× G Bqvû`x m¤úÖ`vq gi“ mvM‡ii ZxieZ©x
cvnv‡o wbR©b ¯’v‡b AvkÖq MÖnY K‡iwQj| cvnv‡oi ¸nvq emev‡mi
G Rxeb Zviv †e‡Q wb‡qwQj G Kvi‡Y †h bxie-wbf„Z cwi‡e‡k
Zviv cweÎ Rxeb hvc‡b g‡bvwb‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges gyw³ jvf
Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e| gw›`‡ii eû Bqvû`xi gZ Zviv Iì †Uóv‡g›U‡K
A‡_©vcvR©‡bi Kv‡R eënvi K‡iwb, eis cweÎ MÖ‡š’i wk¶vbyhvqx
Rxeb- hvc‡bi †Póv K‡i| G Rxeb- hvc‡bi gva¨‡g ï×Zv I
cweÎZv jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e e‡j Zviv Avkv K‡iwQj| Ck¦‡ii wb‡`©k
Bqvû`xiv AbymiY bv Kivq cÖK…Zc‡¶ aŸs‡mi c‡_ GwM‡q
P‡jwQj| †mB c_ Zviv Kxfv‡e cwinvi K‡i‡Q, Aewkó Bqvû`x‡ì
mvg‡b Zvi `„óvš— ¯’vcbB wQj Zv‡ì j¶¨|
Zviv Ava¨vwZ¥K Mvb iPbv K‡iwQj hv gvby‡li ü`q‡K Mfxi
fv‡e bvov w`‡qwQj| GKRb Aa¨vZ¥ev`xi Rxeb‡K S‡o cwZZ
Rvnv‡Ri b¨vq e‡j GKwU Mv‡b D‡j−L i‡q‡Q| Ab¨ GKwU Mv‡b
GKRb Aa¨vZ¥ev`x‡K Z‡jvqv‡ii gZ wRnŸv wewkó wmsn cwic~Y©
Ai‡Y¨ ågYKvix GKRb cw_K e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| c‡_i
ïi“‡Z GKRb Ava¨vZ¥ev`x †h AwfÁZvi m¤§yLxb nq Zv‡K Zzjbv
Kiv n‡q‡Q cÖ_g mš—v‡bi Rb¥`vÎx gv‡qi AwfÁZvi mv‡_| hw` †m
GB wech©q cvwo w`‡Z m¶g nq Zvn‡jB †m Ck¦‡ii c~Z cweÎ
Av‡jvKavivq øvZ nq| ZLb †m Dcjwä K‡i †h, gvbyl gvwU I
cvwbi wgkÖ‡Y ˆZwi GK e¨_© I k~b¨ m„wó gvÎ| KwVb `y‡f©vM AwZµg
K‡i Ges m‡›`n I nZvkvi mvMi †cwi‡q Avmvi ci †m jvf K‡i
Akvwš—i g‡a¨ kvwš—, `yt‡Li g‡a¨ myL Ges †e`bvi g‡a¨ Avb‡›ì
GK gayi Rxeb| Zvici †m wb‡R‡K †`L‡Z cvq Ck¦‡ii fv‡jvevmv
gyov‡bv Ae¯’vq| G ch©v‡q Acwimxg K…ZÁZvi mv‡_ †m Dcjwä
K‡i †h, Kxfv‡e Zv‡K AZj MnŸi †_‡K Zz‡j Avbv n‡q‡Q Ges
¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q DuPz mgZj f~wg‡Z| GLv‡b Ck¦‡ii Av‡jvq nuvU‡Z
nuvU‡Z c„w_exi wbg©g kw³i mvg‡b †m AUj AwePj n‡q ùvovq|
gi“ mvMi cu~w_ Avwe®‹v‡ii c~‡e© G‡mbx‡ì wel‡q AwZ AíB
Rvbv †hZ| wc−wb (Pliny) I †Rv‡mdvm (Josephus) Zv‡ì K_v
D‡j−L Ki‡jI cieZ©x Kv‡ji HwZnvwmK‡ì Øviv Kvh©Z Zviv
D‡cw¶Z n‡q‡Q| wc−wb GB gvbe †Mvôx‡K we‡k¦i Ab¨ †h †Kvb
gvbe †Mvôxi †P‡q AwaKZi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ e‡j eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|
Zv‡ì ¯¿x †bB, Zviv †hŠb msmM© cwiZ¨vM K‡i, Zv‡ì †Kvb
A_© m¤ú` †bB.... Zv‡ì RxebvPviY †`‡L wecyj msL¨K †jvK
Zv‡ì cÖwZ AvK…ó nq Ges Gfv‡e Zv‡ì msL¨v µgk e„w×
cvw”Qj.... Gfv‡e G †MvôxwU nvRvi nvRvi eQi wU‡K wQj hwÌ
Zviv †Kvb mš—vb Drcv`b KiZ bv| †Rv‡mdvm, hvi Rxeb ïi“
n‡qwQj GKRb G‡_bx wn‡m‡e, wZwb wj‡L‡Qb †h G‡_bxiv wek¦vm
KiZ †h AvZ¥v Agi| GUv Ck¦‡ii cÖ`Ë GK Dcnvi| Ck¦i wKQy
wKQy AvZ¥v‡K mKj cvc †_‡K gy³ K‡i wb‡Ri R‡b¨ cweÎ K‡i
†bb| Gfv‡e weï×KiYK…Z e¨w³ mKj AcweÎZv †_‡K gy³ n‡q
cweÎZv AR©b K‡i|
hy‡M hy‡M weRqx ewntkw³ gw›ì aŸsm I Bqvû`x‡ì eûevi
civwRZ Kiv m‡Ë¡I G ¸nvevmx‡ì Rxeb- hvÎvq Zvi †Kvb cÖfve
c‡owb| Zv‡ì GB †¯^”Qv wbe©vm‡bi Rxeb a‡g©i cweÎZv Ges
we‡`wk AvMÖvmb †_‡K RywWqv‡K (Judea) gy³ Kivi R‡b¨ cÖwZwU
Bqvû`xi msMÖv‡gi `vwqZ¡ †_‡K cjvqb wQj bv| cÖvZ¨wnK cÖv_©bv I
cweÎ MÖš’ cv‡Vi cvkvcvwk Zv‡ì †KD †KD GKwU my`¶ evwnbx
M‡o Zz‡jwQj hviv ïay gymv Av. Gi ag©B cÖPvi KiZ bv, Dciš‘
wb‡`©wkZ c‡_ ¯^vaxbZvi R‡b¨ jovB Ki‡ZI cÖ¯‘Z wQj| Zv‡ì
hy× wQj ïaygvÎ Ck¦‡ii †mevi R‡b¨, ¶gZv jvf ev e¨w³MZ
¯^v_©wmw×i R‡b¨ bq| GB †hv×v evwnbxi m`m¨‡ì‡K kÎ“iv Ôag©vÜ
Bûw`Õ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ KiZ| Zviv GK cZvKvi Aax‡b msMwVZ wQj
Ges cÖwZwU †Mv‡Îi wbR¯^ cwiwPwZ cZvKv wQj| Zviv wQj 4wU
wWwfk‡b wef³ Ges cÖwZwU wWwfk‡bi kx‡l© wQj GKRb cÖavb|
cÖwZwU wWwfkbB MwVZ wQj BmivB‡ji 3wU †Mv‡Îi †jvK wb‡q|
Gfv‡e Bqvû`x‡ì 12wU †Mv‡Îi mK‡jB GK cZvKvi bx‡P msMwVZ
n‡qwQj| evwnbxi cÖavb‡K GKRb †jexq cy‡ivwnZ n‡Z nZ| wZwb
ïay GKRb mvgwiK AwabvqKB wQ‡jb bv, AvB‡bi GKRb wk¶KI
wQ‡jb| cÖwZwU wWwfk‡bi Zvi wbR¯^ gv`ªvmv (ÔwgìvmÕ ev ¯‹zj) wQj
Ges cy‡ivwnZ‡ì GKRb mvgwiK KgvÛvi wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb
QvovI we`¨vj‡q wbqwgZ ÒìkÓ ev wk¶v cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nZ|
Gfv‡e Gme ¸nvq Avw`g cwi‡e‡k evm K‡i G‡mbxiv Avb›`-
wejvm cwiZ¨vM K‡iwQj, Zviv weevn‡K N„Yv KiZ Ges ab m¤ú‡ì
cÖwZ weZ…òv wQj| Zviv GKwU ¸ß mgvR cÖwZôv K‡iwQj Ges
Zv‡ì ¸ß welqmg~n m`m¨ bq Ggb Kv‡iv Kv‡Q KL‡bvB cÖKvk
Kiv nZ bv| †ivgKiv Zv‡ì Aw¯—Z¡ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡jI Zv‡ì
Pvicv‡ki †MvcbxqZvi gy‡Lvk †f` Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| cÖwZwU
A¨vW‡fÂvi wcÖq Bqvû`xiB ¯^cœ wQj GB mgv‡Ri m`m¨ nIqv,
KviY we‡`wk nvbv`vi‡ì wei“‡× jovB Kivi GUvB wQj GKgvÎ
mnRjf¨ cš’v|
wc−wbi eY©bv †_‡K Avgiv †hgbwU Rvb‡Z cvwi, Kvh©ZI
G‡mbxiv weevn‡K N„Yv KiZ| Z‡e Zviv Ab¨‡ì bgª I eva¨
wkï‡ì Zv‡ì wbKURb wn‡m‡e MÖnY KiZ Ges wb‡R‡ì Rxeb
avivq Zv‡ì M‡o ZzjZ| Gfv‡eB kZ kZ eQi a‡i G‡mbxiv
Zv‡ì Aw¯—Z¡ wUwK‡q ivL‡Z †c‡iwQj hwÌ Zv‡ì mgv‡R †Kvb
wkïi Rb¥ nZ bv| Gfv‡eB, †U¤új Ae m‡jvgb ev m‡jvgb
gw›`‡ii cÖavb cy‡ivwnZ hvKvwiqv (Zachariah) e„× eq‡m hLb
GKwU cyÎ mš—vb jvf K‡ib wZwb Zv‡K G‡mbxq‡ì Avw`g
cwi‡e‡k cvwV‡q †`b Ges †mLv‡bB wZwb †e‡o I‡Vb| BwZnv‡m
wZwbB Rb w` e¨vcwUó (John the Baptist) ev e¨vcwUó Rb bv‡g
cwiwPZ|
myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q, G‡mbx m¤úÖ`vq Zv‡ì Avw`g cwi‡e‡k
Aw¯—Z¡kxj wQj| Zv‡ì Kv‡Q hvKvwiqvi mš—vb †cÖi‡Yi KviYI
†evaMg¨| wZwb Zuvi eûKvswLZ cyÎ‡K gi“f~wg‡Z GKvKx cvVvbwb,
wZwb me‡P‡q wek¦¯— m¤úÖ`vqwUi Kv‡Q Zvi `vwqZ¡ fvi Ac©Y
K‡iwQ‡jb †h m¤úÖ`vq Rxeb hvcb KiZ wh‡nvfvi mš‘wó mva‡bi
R‡b¨| hvKvwiqvi cZœx GwjRv‡e‡_i ÁvwZ †evb †gix‡K hvKvwiqv
jvjb-cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb| KviY †gixi gv Zv‡K gw›`‡ii †mevq
DrmM© Kivi gvbZ K‡i Zv‡K hvKvwiqvi nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡qwQ‡jb|
GB cwi‡e‡k hxïi Rb¥ MÖnY N‡U|
Bqvû`xiv g‡b KiZ †h †gwmqvn (Messiah) bv‡g GKRb bqv
†bZvi Avwef©ve NU‡e| wZwb L„óa‡g© `xw¶Z n‡eb Ges Zv‡ì
ivRv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡eb| Zvi Avï Rb¥MÖn‡Yi ¸Re Bqvû`x‡ì g‡a¨
Qwo‡q covi ci †hLv‡b †gwmqvni Rb¥MÖn‡Yi K_v, †mB
†e_‡j‡n‡g Rb¥ MÖnYKvix mKj wkï‡K nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨ †n‡iv`
(Herod) wm×vš— †bq| hvKvwiqv G‡mbx‡ì kw³kvjx ¸ß mgvR‡K
welqwU m¤ú‡K© AewnZ K‡ib| †gix †ivgK ˆmb¨‡ì †jŠn †eóbx
†f` K‡i cvwj‡q †h‡Z m¶g nb| wZwb hxï‡K wb‡q wgki Mgb
K‡ib| †mLv‡b G‡mbx‡ì Av‡iKwU m¤úÖ`vq evm KiZ|
gi“ mvMi cu~w_ (Dead Sea Scroll) Avwe®‹v‡ii c~e© ch©š—
†gix I hxïi AvKw¯§K Aš—a©vb Ges †ivgvb KZ©c… ‡¶i nvZ †_‡K
Zv‡ì wbivc` cjvq‡bi welqwU inm¨ve„Z Ges bvb Ríbv- Kíbvi
Drm wQj| †Kvb Mm‡c‡jB G Aa¨vqwU m¤ú‡K© wKQy ejv nqwb|
G‡mbx m¤úÖ`v‡qi Aw¯—Z¡ †_‡K GUv †evSv hvq †h, Kxfv‡e hxïi
Rb¥Kvjxb e¨vcK cÖPviYv m‡Ë¡I AbymiYKvix‡ì †PvL Gwo‡q Zviv
(†gix I hxï) mvd‡jï mv‡_ cjvqb Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQ‡jb| Ab¨
†Kvb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z, †h wkïwU PgrKvifv‡e ¸wQ‡q cÖvgvwYK K_vevZ©v
ej‡Zb Ges †glcvjKiv I g¨vwM (Magi) hv‡K `k©b K‡iwQ‡jb,
wZwb wKQy‡ZB GZ mn‡R cvwj‡q †h‡Z cvi‡Zb bv|
L„óc~e© 4 m‡b hxïi eqm hLb 3 ev 4 eQi, ZLb †n‡iv‡ì
g„Zz¨ nq| d‡j hxïi Avï cÖvY mskq fxwZ AcmvwiZ nq Ges wZwb
ZLb Aev‡a Ny‡i †eov‡Z cvi‡Zb| g‡b nq, G‡mbx wk¶K‡ì
K‡Vvi k„•Ljvi g‡a¨ wZwb wk¶v jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| †h‡nZz wZwb
AZ¨š— †gavex wk¶v_©x wQ‡jb †m Kvi‡Y Lye `ª“Z ZvIivZ wk¶v
Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| 12 eQi eq‡m Zv‡K gw›`‡i †cÖiY Kiv nq| G
mgq †`Lv †Mj, evievi cvV cybive„wËi cwie‡Z© wZwb AUj Av¯’v I
cvwÊ‡Zï mv‡_ K_v ej‡Qb|
K‡qKRb gymwjg HwZnvwm‡Ki weei‡Y Zuvi wkï Kv‡j msNwUZ
A‡jŠwKK Kg©KvÊ m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q| mvjvexi ÔKvmvmyj Avw¤^qvÕ
MÖ‡š’ Av‡Q|
Iqvnve e‡j : evjK Cmvi cÖ_g †h wb`k©b †jv‡Kiv cÖZ¨¶
Kij Zv nj GB †h Zuvi gvZv wgk‡ii GKwU MÖv‡g MÖvg cÖav‡bi
evwo‡Z evm Ki‡Zb| QyZvi wgw¯¿ †hv‡kd whwb gvi&qv‡gi mv‡_
wgki Mgb K‡iwQ‡jb wZwbB Zv‡K †m evwo‡Z wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb|
`wi`ª QyZvi wgw¯¿ MÖvg cÖav‡bi evwo †givgZ Ki‡Zb| GKevi MÖvg
cÖav‡bi Znwej †_‡K wKQy A_© Pzwi hvq| wKš‘ wZwb `wi`ª QyZvi‡K
m‡›`n K‡ibwb| MÖvg cÖav‡bi GB A_© Pzwii NUbvq gvi&qvg `ytwLZ
nb| evjK Cmv gvZv‡K M„n¯^vgxi A_© Pzwii NUbvq `ytL- KvZi
†`‡L Zuv‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb: gv, Avcwb wK Pvb †h Avwg GB Pzwi
hvIqv A‡_©i mÜvb Kwi| wZwb Reve w`‡jb, nu¨v evQv| wZwb ej‡jb
: Zvn‡j M„n¯^vgx‡K ejyb me `wi`ª‡ì Avgvi Kv‡Q †W‡K Avb‡Z|
GK_v ï‡b gvi&qvg M„n¯^vgxi Kv‡Q wM‡q Zv‡K Zuvi cy‡Îi K_v
Rvbv‡jb| wZwb me `wi`ª e¨w³‡K †W‡K Avb‡jb| Zviv mevB G‡m
†cŠQ‡j Cmv Av. Zv‡ì g‡a¨ `yÕe¨w³i Kv‡Q †M‡jb| G‡ì GKRb
wQj AÜ, Ab¨Rb wQj †Luvov| wZwb †Luvov e¨w³‡K AÜ e¨w³i
Nv‡oi Dci Zz‡j w`‡jb| Zvici Zv‡K ej‡jb : D‡V ùvovI| AÜ
†jvKwU Reve w`j. G e¨w³‡K Nv‡o K‡i D‡V ùvov‡bvi kw³ Avgvi
†bB| Cmv Av. ZLb ej‡jb : MZKvj G kw³ Zzwg Kxfv‡e
†c‡qwQ‡j? Dcw¯’Z †jvKRb Cmv Av. Gi GK_v ï‡b AÜ e¨w³‡K
gviai Ki‡Z ïi“ Kivi †m D‡V ùvovj| †m D‡V ùvov‡ZB †Luvov
e¨w³ M„n¯^vgxi ab- fvÊv‡ii Rvbvjvi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †Mj| ZLb Cmv
Av. M„n¯^vgxi D‡Ï‡k¨ ej‡jb : Gfv‡eB Zviv MZKvj Avcbvi
m¤ú` Pzwi K‡i‡Q| AÜ †jvKwU †Luvovi `„wókw³ Ges †Luvov `yÕRbB
GK‡hv‡M e‡j DVj : nu¨v, Bwb mZ¨ K_vB e‡j‡Qb| Zvici Zviv
Pzwi Kiv A_© MÖvgcÖavb‡K wdwi‡q w`j| wZwb †m¸‡jv wb‡Ri
abfvÊv‡i ivL‡jb| ej‡jb : †n gvi&qvg, Zzwg Gi A‡a©KUv MÖnY
Ki| wZwb Rev‡e ej‡jb : A‡_©i cÖwZ Avgvi †Kvb AvMÖn †bB|
MÖvg cÖavb ej‡jb : wVK Av‡Q, G A_© Zvn‡j †Zvgvi cyÎ‡K `vI|
gvi&qvg ej‡jb : Zvi gh©v`v Avgvi †P‡qI AwaK|..... G mgq
Cmvi Av. eqm wQj 12 eQi|
wØZxq wb`k©b :
myÏx e‡jb : Cmv Av. hLb we`¨vj‡q †jLvcov Ki‡Zb ZLb wZwb
Zuvi mncvVx †Q‡j‡ì Kv‡Q Zv‡ì wcZv- gvZviv wK Ki‡Qb, Zv
e‡j w`‡Zb| wZwb GK GKw`b GK GKwU †Q‡j‡K ej‡Zb : evwo
hvI, †Zvgiv evwoi †jv‡Kiv AgyK AgyK wRwbm Avnvi Ki‡Q Ges
†Zvgvi Rb¨ AgyK AgyK wRwbm ˆZwi Ki‡Q Ges Zviv AgyK AgyK
Lvevi Lv‡”Q| GK_v ï‡b †Q‡jwU evwo P‡j †hZ Ges Zuvi Kv‡Q hv
hv ï‡b‡Q †m¸‡jv Zv‡K bv †`qv ch©š— KvbœvKvwU KiZ| evwoi
†jv‡Kiv Zv‡K wR‡Ám KiZ †K †Zvgv‡K G¸‡jv e‡j‡Q? †m ejZ
Cmv| K‡qKwU NUbv NUvi ci evwoi †jv‡Kiv †Q‡j¸‡jv‡K GKwU
evwo‡Z AvUK ivLj| Cmv Av. Zv‡ì LuyR‡Z LuyR‡Z †mLv‡b
†M‡jb| †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q †Q‡j‡ì K_v Rvb‡Z PvB‡j Zviv ejj,
Zviv †mLv‡b †bB| wZwb wRÁvmv Ki‡jb : Zvn‡j G evwo‡Z wK
Av‡Q? Zviv ejj : ïKi| wZwb ej‡jb : Zviv k~K‡i cwiYZ †nvK|
Zvici †jv‡Kiv ìRv Ly‡j ïay k~KiB †`L‡Z †cj| BmivB‡ji
wkïiv Cmvi Av. R‡b¨ wecv‡K c‡owQj| Zuvi gv G Kvi‡Y Zuvi
R‡b¨ DwØMœ n‡q DV‡jb| wZwb Zuv‡K GKwU Mvavi wc‡V Zz‡j
wg‡mii D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv Ki‡jb......|
AvZv e‡jb:
gvi&qvg Cmv Av. †K we`¨vjq †_‡K wb‡q G‡m wewfbœ iKg KvR
†kLv‡bvi †Póv Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| me©‡kl wZwb Zv‡K e¯¿
iÄbKvix‡ì Kv‡Q w`‡jb| wZwb Zv‡K e¯¿ iÄbKvix‡ì cÖav‡bi
nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡jb hv‡Z wZwb Zvi KvQ †_‡K KvR wkL‡Z cv‡ib|
wKQy w`b †K‡U †Mj| †m †jvKwUi Kv‡Q wewfbœ ai‡bi e¯¿ wQj|
wZwb G¸‡jv wb‡q md‡ii hvw”Q‡jb| wZwb Cmv Av. †K ej‡jb:
Zzwg GLb eëmv wk‡LQ| Avwg 10 w`‡bi Rb¨ md‡i hvw”Q| GB
e¯‘¸‡jv wewfbœ i‡Oi| G¸‡jv †Kvb i‡O is Kiv n‡e Avwg Zv
wPwýZ K‡i †i‡LwQ| Avwg PvB †h, Avgvi wd‡i Avmvi Av‡MB G
KvR¸‡jv Zzwg m¤úbœ K‡i ivL‡e| Zvici wZwb P‡j †M‡jb| Cmv
Av. GKwU is Kivi cv‡Î GKwU is ˆZwi Ki‡jb Ges mKj Kvco
Zvi g‡a¨ Wywe‡q w`‡q Avj−vni Kv‡Q `yÔAv Ki‡jb| wbw`©ó w`‡b e¯¿
iÄbKvix wd‡i G‡jb| wZwb †`L‡jb, Cmv Av. GKwU i‡Oi cv‡Î
mKj e¯¿ †i‡L‡Qb| wZwb wPrKvi K‡i ej‡jb : nvq nvq! G Zzwg
wK K‡iQ? wZwb Reve w`‡jb : Avwg KvRwU m¤úbœ K‡iwQ| e¯¿
iÄbKvix ej‡jb : †m¸‡jv †Kv_vq? wZwb ej‡jb : i‡Oi cv‡ÎB
me i‡q‡Q| e¯¿ iÄbKvix ej‡jb, me¸‡jv? wZwb ej‡jb : nu¨v|
e¯¿ iÄbKvix ej‡jb : mKj Kvco Zzwg GKwU cv‡Î Kxfv‡e
ivL‡j? Zzwg me¸‡jv KvcoB bó K‡i w`‡qQ| wZwb ej‡jb :
I¸‡jv Zzjyb Ges †`Lyb| wZwb Kvco¸‡jv Zzj‡jb| Cmv Av. GKwU
njy`, GKwU meyR GKwU jvj Gfv‡e G‡Ki ci GK wewfbœ i‡Oi
Kvco Zvi nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡Z _vK‡jb| †`Lv †Mj, e¯¿ iÄbKvix
†hgbwU †P‡q‡Qb †m¸‡jv †ZgbwUB n‡q‡Q| Gevi e¯¿ iÄbKvixi
wew¯§Z nevi cvjv| wZwb eyS‡Z cvi‡jb, hv N‡U‡Q Zv meB
Avj−vni B”Qvq| wZwb KZ bv †MŠiegq| ZLb e¯¿ iÄbKvix
†jvKRb‡K †W‡K ej‡Z _vK‡jb : †Zvgiv †`‡L hvI Cmv Av. wK
K‡i‡Qb| Gici wZwb Ges Zvi mnPiiv Zuv‡K wek¦vm K‡i Avj−vni
Dci Cgvb Avb‡jb Ges Zuvi Abymvix‡Z cwiYZ n‡jb|
hxïi wkïKv‡j GKwU ¸Äb Qwo‡q c‡o †h Rb (John) G‡mbx
m¤úÖ`v‡qi KvQ †_‡K P‡j G‡m‡Qb Ges wbR©‡b evm Ki‡Qb| Zvi
ci‡b i‡q‡Q ïay gvÎ D‡Ui‡jv‡gi ˆZwi GKwU e¯¿ Ges †Kvg‡i
i‡q‡Q Pvgovi eÜbx| wZwb ïay dj-g~j Ges eb¨ gay Avnvi K‡ib:
(wgw_ 3t4)| wZwb mivmwi †jvKR‡bi g‡a¨ ag©cÖPvi K‡ib| wZwb
`xN©Kvj wk¶v bwewki Rb¨ †Rvi K‡ib bv hv wKbv G‡mbx
åvZ…ms‡Ni m`m¨c` jv‡fi R‡b¨ AZ¨vek¨K| wZwb RbM‡Yi g‡a¨
Av‡jvob Zz‡j‡Qb| wZwb wh‡nvfvi w`‡K wd‡i Avmvi Rb¨ mK‡ji
cÖwZ WvK w`‡q‡Qb Ges mKj‡K Avk¦vm w`‡q‡Qb †h wkMwMiB
Ck¦‡ii ivRZ¡ cÖwZwôZ n‡e|
G wel‡qi mv‡_ mswk−ó wnmv‡e †Rv‡mdvm KZ©…K wjwLZ Ab¨
GK mbœ¨vmxi BwZnvm cvVI AvMÖ‡nvÏxcK| †Rv‡mdvm wQ‡jb H
mbœ¨vmxi wkl¨| †Rv‡mdvm GK K‡Vvi Zcm¨vq wZb eQi wbR©b
¯’v‡b AwZevwnZ K‡ib| G mgq wZwb evbvm (Bannus) bvgK GK
mbœ¨vmxi ZË¡veav‡b wQ‡jb whwb ïaygvÎ Mv‡Qi cvZv w`‡q ˆZwi
†cvkvK ci‡Zb, ey‡bv dj-g~j Avnvi Ki‡Zb Ges kxZj cvwb‡Z
Aweivg AeMvn‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡Ri Kvg-cÖe„wË‡K wbqš¿‡Y ivL‡Zb|
myZivs mbœ¨vmx‡ì mKj mvaviY cÖ_v Rb †g‡b Pj‡Zb I AbymiY
Ki‡Zb, GUvB ¯^vfvweK|
†WwfW Ges Zvi c~‡e©Kvi bexM‡Yi Kv‡Q wbR©b ¯’vb¸‡jv wQj
AvkÖq¯’j| GLv‡b G‡m Bqvû`xiv Zv‡ì we‡`wk kvmK‡ì
AvwacZ¨ I fyqv Ck¦‡ii cÖfve †_‡K gy³ n‡Z cviZ| GLv‡b
†cŠËwjK kvmK‡ì Aaxb _vKvi ev Zv‡ì GKUzLvwb K…cv`„wó
jv‡fi †Kvb e¨vcvi wQj bv| G iKg cwi‡e‡k mªóvi Dci
wbf©ikxjZv m„wó nZ Ges GKgvÎ ZuviB Bev`Z nZ| GUv wQj
GKZ¡ev‡ì †`vjbv| gi“f~wgi GB wbR©b AÂ‡j G‡m gvby‡li gb
†_‡K wbivcËvi wg_¨v aviYvwU AcmvwiZ n‡q †h‡Z Ges †m ïay
ev¯—eZvi DciB wbf©ikxj n‡Z wkLZ| ÒwbR©b weivbv cÖvš—‡i
Ab¨vb¨ me wKQyB Amvi cÖwZcbœ nZ Ges gvbyl mKj cÖv‡Yi wPiš—b
Drm, mKj wbivcËvi g~j kw³ GK cÖfyi Kv‡Q †LvjvLywj fv‡e
mgwc©Z nZ|Ó2 †mB wbR©bZvq msMÖv‡gi `ywU w`K wQj| cÖ_gZ :
hviv Ck¦‡ii mš‘wói j‡¶¨ Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z PvBZ, wb‡R‡ì mv‡_
GB msMÖv‡gi d‡j Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ wek¦vm I Av¯’v Zv‡ì g‡b `„p g~j
nZ| wØZxqZ: GB c_ Aej¤^‡bi d‡j hviv Ab¨cš’vq Rxeb hvcb
Ki‡Z PvBZ Zv‡ì mv‡_ msNvZ Awbevh© n‡q DVZ| cÖ_g msMÖvgwU
wQj wh‡nvfv‡K wek¦v‡mi Ges Ava¨vwZ¥K mvd‡jï cÖkœ, Zv †m
wØZxq jovB‡Z Rqx †nvK Avi bv †nvK|
R‡bi D`vË AvnŸvb wecyj msL¨K †jvK‡K AvK…ó Ki‡Z ïi“
Kij| wZwb G‡mbxq‡ì RxebvPi‡Yi GKwU ¸i“Z¡cY~ © welq wejyß
Ki‡jb| †mwU wQj- m¤úÖ`v‡qi †Kvb ¸ß welqB Kv‡iv Kv‡Q cÖKvk
Kiv hv‡e bv- GgbwK wbh©vZ‡b g„Zz¨ n‡jI bqÓ3 Av‡Mi gZ K‡Vvi
wbqg cvwjZ bv nIqvq Av‡›`vj‡bi g‡a¨ †ivgvb‡ì R‡b¨ ¸ßP‡ii
AbycÖ‡ek NUv‡bv mnR n‡q I‡V| wKš‘ Rb Zvi bex myjf
¶gZve‡j Gme QÙ‡ekx †jvK‡ì cwiPq †R‡b †dj‡Z m¶g nb|
wZwb Zv‡ì Ôwelv³ mvcÕ (Vipers) e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib (gw_
3t7)| Zvi Kwbô ÁvwZ åvZv hxï G Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM †`b Ges
m¤¢eZ wZwb wQ‡jb †Mvovi w`‡K Awfwl³‡ì Ab¨Zg| Zvi
me©¶‡Yi m½x evY©vevmI m¤¢eZ Zuvi mv‡_B `x¶v MÖnY K‡ib|
hxïi Ab¨ m½x g¨vw_qvmI Zuvi mv‡_B `xw¶Z nb|
Rb Rvb‡Zb †h wZwb jovB ïi“ Kivi Av‡MB Ôwelv³ mv‡civÕ
mdj n‡Z hv‡”Q| wKš‘ hxïi `x¶v MÖn‡Yi d‡j wZwb GZB mš‘ó
n‡qwQ‡jb †h, Zvi g„Zzï mv‡_B †h Zuvi Av‡›`vjb †kl n‡q hv‡e
bv G e¨vcv‡i wZwb wbwðš— wQ‡jb| Rb †hgbwU fwel¨`&evYx
K‡iwQ‡jb, †ZgbwUB nj| ivRv †n‡iv` Zuvi wki‡ñ` Ki‡jb|
d‡j Zuvi Av‡›`vj‡bi mKj fvi hxïi Kuv‡a G‡m coj|
hxï Gmgq wQ‡jb 30 eQ‡ii hyeK| Zvi Kv‡Ri †gqv` 3
eQ‡ii †ewk ¯’vqx nqwb| wZwb Dcjwä K‡ib †h, Zuvi cÖ¯‘wZi Kvj
†kl I Rxe‡bi ¸i“Z¡cY~ © Aa¨v‡qi m~Pbv n‡q‡Q| mgqwUi c~Y©
Zvrch© Dcjwäi Rb¨ Avgiv hxï‡K BwZnv‡mi †cÖ¶vc‡U ¯’vcb
Kie Ges we‡kl K‡i Bqvû`x BwZnv‡mi cÖwZ `„wó †è| G¸‡jv
cybivq †m welq¸‡jv‡KB e¨vL¨v Ki‡e BwZg‡a¨ †h¸‡jv NU‡Z ïi“
K‡iwQj| †hgb : G‡mbx m¤úÖ`v‡qi Aw¯—Z,¡ R‡bi Kg©KvÊ Ges
P~ovš—fv‡e hxï I †ivgvb‡ì g‡a¨ we‡iva| G¸‡jvi meB †mB
GKB c×wZi NUbv hv Bqvû`x‡ì BwZnv‡m evievi msNwUZ
n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU †¶‡ÎB kvmKiv hLb Zv‡ì‡K Ck¦‡ii mv‡_
wb‡R‡ì mn‡hvMx I Askx`vi Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Q P~ovš— fv‡e,
ZLbB Bqvû`xiv we‡`wk nvbv`vi‡ì wei“‡× we‡`ªvn †NvlYv K‡i‡Q|
GK Ck¦‡ii wek¦vm Ges wZwb Qvov Avi †KD Dcvm¨ bb, Zv‡ì G
e¨vcviwU wQj wbtkZ© I my¯úó|
Bqvû`x‡ì g‡a¨ kvmK ev ivóª bvq‡KvwPZ ¸Yvewji NvUwZ
wQj| BwZnv‡mi Dlvj‡Mœ †`Lv hvq, Bqvû`xiv Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì
ivRvi wei“‡× lohš¿ K‡i‡Q| KviY wZwb Ck¦‡ii `„wó‡Z hv Lvivc
Zvi me wKQyB K‡iwQ‡jb (1 ivRvejx (II Kings) 13t11)|
e¨vwej‡bi †beykv`‡bhvi (Nebuchadnezzar) †Ri“hv‡jg `Lj
K‡ib| gw›ì A¶Z iBj| wKš‘ gw›ì I ivRcÖvmv‡ì ab-iZœ
bZzb kvm‡Ki Aax‡b b¨¯— nj| Bqvû`xiv e¨vwejbxq nvbv`vi
kvm‡Ki wei“‡× we‡`ªvn Ki‡Z Kvj‡¶cY Kij bv| Gi d‡j Avevi
we‡`wk nvgjv nq Ges gw›ì cÖmv` aŸsm nq|
fv‡Mï PvKv Ab¨w`‡K Nyij| mvBiv‡mi (Cyrus) †bZ…‡Z¡
cvimëvmxiv e¨vwejb Rq K‡i| Bqvû`x‡ì Avi GKevi
nvbv`vi‡ì †mevq wb‡qvwRZ Kiv nj| Z‡e mvBivm Awej‡¤^B
e¨vwej‡b GZ wecyj msL¨K we‡`wk †jv‡Ki Dcw¯’wZi wec` Dcjwä
Ki‡Z m¶g n‡jb Ges wZwb Zv‡ì †Ri“hv‡j‡g wd‡i hvIqvi
wb‡`©k w`‡jb| Zv‡ì gw›ì cybwb©gv‡YiI AbygwZ †Ìqv nj|
†Ri“hv‡jg Awfgy‡L AMÖmi gvb Kv‡djvi Bqvû`x‡ì msL¨v
wQj 42,360 Rb| G Qvov Zv‡ì mv‡_ wQj 7,337 Rb `vm I
¯¿x‡jvK| G‡ì g‡a¨ wQj 2kÕ Rb cyi“l bvix MvqK-MvwqKv|
Kv‡djvi †jvK‡ì enb K‡i AvbwQj 736wU †Nvov, 245 wU L”Pi,
435wU DU Ges 6,720 wU Mvav (GRiv (Ezra) 2t64-69)| †h
mKj cÖvYx ab- m¤ú` enb K‡i AvbwQj, †m¸‡jv G wn‡m‡ei
evB‡i wQj|
†Ri“hv‡j‡g †cuŠQvi ci Zviv gw›ì cybwb©gv‡Yi cwiKíbv
Ki‡Z ïi“ Kij| G D‡Ï‡k¨ Zviv 61 nvRvi Wªvg (Drams) †mvbv
I 5 nvRvi cvDÛ i“cv msMÖn K‡iwQj| Aek¨ Zviv e¨vwejb †_‡K
†h ab-m¤ú` wb‡q G‡mwQj †m¸‡jv G wnmv‡ei g‡a¨ aiv nqwb|
e¨vwejb †_‡K 30 wU †Nvov †mvbv e‡q G‡bwQj| i“cv Avbvi Rb¨
eënvi Kiv n‡qwQj 1 nvRvi †Nvov| G QvovI gw›`‡i ¯’vc‡bi
R‡b¨ 5,400 †mvbv I i“cvi cvZ gRy` Kiv wQj (GRiv 1 : 9 :
11)| †h me e›`x `vm †Ri“hv‡j‡g cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡iwQj Zviv msL¨v
I m¤ú` Dfqfv‡eB e„w× jvf K‡iwQj|
†Ri“hv‡j‡gi kvmK wn‡m‡e Bqvû`xiv `xN©Kvj kvwš— Dc‡fvM
Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Av‡jKRvÛvi †Ri“hv‡jg weR‡qi ci 323 L„ó
c~e©v‡ã Zuvi g„Zzï Av‡MB wZwb fvi Rq K‡ib| Zuvi g„Zzï ci Zuvi
†mbva¨¶iv mvgªvR¨‡K wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ fvM-euv‡Uvqviv K‡i
wb‡qwQ‡jb| U‡jwg Av‡jKRvw›`ªqv‡K ivRavbx K‡i wgki kvmb
Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| †mjyKv‡mi iv‡Rï ivRavbx nq Gw›UIK Ges
Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii Aewkó mvgªv‡Rï ivRavbx nq e¨vwejb| U‡jgxq I
†mjymxq kvmKiv wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ wbiš—i hy×-weMÖ‡n wjß wQ‡jb|
†Mvovi w`‡Ki GK jovB‡Z †Ri“hv‡jg wgkixq MÖxK‡ì nv‡Z
cwZZ n‡q| bqv kvmKiv BmivB‡j wecyjmsL¨K Bqvû`x‡ì
mgv‡e‡k Lywk wQj bv| Zviv eûmsL¨K Bqvû`x‡K wgm‡i cvwV‡q
†`q| Gi d‡j BmivB‡ji evB‡i cÖ_gev‡ii gZ e„nËg GK
Bqvû`x Dcwb‡ek M‡o D‡V| †mLv‡b Zviv MÖxK mf¨Zvi Nwbô
mvwbœ‡a¨ Avmvi my‡hvM jvf K‡i Ges wneªy MÖš’vw` MÖxK fvlvq iƒcvš—
wiZ nq| U‡jgxq kvmK‡ì Kv‡Q BmivBj wQj GK my`~ieZ©x
Dcwb‡ek| Zv‡ì evrmwiK ivR¯^ cwi‡kva K‡iI Bqvû`x‡ì Kv‡Q
wecyj cwigvY A_© †_‡K †hZ|
198 L„ó c~e©v‡ã †mjymxq (Selucian) kvmKiv U‡jgxq
kvmK‡ì KvQ †_‡K †Ri“hv‡jg `Lj K‡i †bq| †Ri“hv‡jg wQj
Zv‡ì GKev‡i nv‡Zi Kv‡Q| myZivs Av‡Mi kvmK‡ì gZ †Kvb
Mwogwm bv K‡i Zviv †Ri“hv‡j‡gi †jvK‡ì mKj wel‡q
e¨vcKfv‡e n¯—‡¶c Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i| U‡jgxq kvmK‡ì gZB bqv
kvmK‡ì Aax‡bI Zv‡ì RxebvPv‡ii mv‡_ Bqvû`x‡ì m¤ú„³
Kivi †ec‡ivqv †Póvi gva¨‡g MÖxK ms¯‹…wZgbv (Hellenised) K‡i
†Zvjvi cÖwµqv Pj‡Z _v‡K| Gw›UIKvm G‡ccwjqvbv‡mi
(Antiochus Epeplianus) kvmbvg‡j GB ejc~e©K mvs¯‹…wZK
HK¨ mvab cÖwµqv P~ovš— ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡Q| wZwb m‡jvg‡bi gw›`‡i
wRD‡mi (Zeus) GKwU g~wZ© ¯’vc‡bi gZ GKwU fyj KvR K‡ib|
G welqwU Bqvû`x‡ì we¶zä K‡i †Zv‡j Ges Zviv Ry`vn
g¨vKvwe‡mi (Judah Maccabes) †bZ…‡Z¡ we‡`ªvn K‡i| nvZzwo
wQj Zv‡ì we‡`ªv‡ni cÖZxK| MÖxK‡ì †Ri“hv‡j‡gi evB‡i Zvwo‡q
†`qv nq| weRqx Bqvû`xiv †`L‡Z †cj aŸsmcÖvß gw›ì, Rbk~b¨
Dcvmbv¯’j, AcweÎ †e`x Ges gw›`‡ii cy‡o hvIqv Øvi| Zviv
ZvIivZ Abyhvqx gw›ì cybt wbg©vY Kij| bqv kvmKiv GZB
RbwcÖq n‡qwQj †h, Zviv GKvav‡i gw›`‡ii D”P cy‡ivwnZ I
BmivB‡ji ivRvq cwiYZ nq| GK nv‡Z mKj ¶gZv †K›`ªxf~Z
K‡i kvmKiv AvBb-Kvby‡bi cÖ‡qv‡M AZ¨š— K‡VviZv Aej¤^b K‡i|
Bqvû`xiv ZLb we‡`wk kvmK‡ì Kj¨vYKi kvm‡bi R‡b¨ e¨vKzj
n‡q c‡o| wb‡R‡ì kvm‡bi wei“‡× Rbg‡b Am‡š—vl j¶¨ K‡i
g¨vKvwem Av‡iv D×Z I AZ¨vPvix n‡q I‡V| Bqvû`xiv Av‡iv
GKevi Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì kvmK‡ì wei“‡× lohš¿ ïi“ K‡i|
†Ri“hv‡j‡g †ivgvb kvmb Kv‡q‡g Gi f~wgKv †Kvb µ‡gB ¶z`ª wQj
bv|
hxïi R‡b¥i mgq †ivgKiv c~e©eZ©x kvmK‡ì fy‡jiB cybive„wË
K‡iwQj| Zviv gw›`‡i cÖavb ìRvi Dci GKwU ¯^Y© CMj ¯’vcb
K‡iwQj| G welqwU Bqvû`x‡ì µz× K‡i Zz‡jwQj Ges Gi d‡j
†ivgK‡ì wei“‡× Dch©c y wi we‡`ªvn msNwUZ nq| g¨vKvwe‡mi `yÕRb
Abymvix cÖ_g we‡`ªv‡ni cZvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡i| ¯^Y© CMj aŸsm KivB
wQj Zv‡ì j¶¨| †ivgK‡ì Kv‡Q GUv ïay ivóª‡`ªvwnZvB wQj bv,
Zv‡ì a‡g©i cÖwZI GUv wQj Aegvbbvi kvwgj| eû i³cv‡Zi ci
we‡`ªvn `gb Kiv nq| we‡`ªv‡ni `yÕ †bZv‡K Rxeš— cywo‡q gviv nq|
Gi AíKvj ciB †ivgvb‡ì Av‡iKwU we‡`ªv‡ni m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq|
G hy‡× Bqvû`x‡ì civRq N‡U Ges 2 nvRvi we‡`ªvnx‡K µzkwe×
K‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq|
Bqvû`xiv civwRZ n‡jI Zv‡ì g‡bi g‡a¨ †µva wawKwawK
R¡jwQj| 6 m‡b Ki av‡h©i myweavi R‡b¨ mgªvU AvMvóvm
(Augustus) hLb Bqvû`x‡ì RbmsL¨v MYbvi wb‡`©k †`b
ZLbI †m †µva AZ¨š— DuPzgvÎvq weivwRZ wQj| †èZ¡ Av‡ivwcZ
mgªvU‡K Ki cÖ`vb Kiv wQj ZvIiv‡Zi wk¶vi wecixZ| Bqvû`xiv
ïay wh‡nvfv‡KB ivRv ev mgªvU e‡j MY¨ KiZ| d‡j wek„•Ljv †`Lv
†`q| Bqvû`x‡ì g‡a¨ D`vi g‡bvfvevcbœ AskwU Dcjwä Ki‡jb
†h, GB jovB Bqvû`x‡ì R‡b¨ cy‡ivcywi MYnZ¨vq cwiYZ n‡e|
Zviv mg‡SvZvi Av‡e`b K‡i Ki cÖ`vb Ki‡Z m¤§Z nIqvi gva¨‡g
A_©nxb AvZ¥nZ¨v †_‡K Zv‡ì RbMY‡K euvPv‡Z PvB‡jb| †h
†bZviv GB g~j¨ w`‡q kvwš— wKb‡jb Zviv RbwcÖq nbwb, eis Zv‡ì
Bqvû`x RvwZi cÖwZ wek¦vmNvZK wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq|
hxïi Rb¥Kvjxb mgq Ges †hvn‡bi g„Zz¨ ch©š— msNwUZ NUbvi
mv‡_ H mg‡qi ev¯—e I mvgvwRK cwiw¯’wZi K_v BwZg‡a¨B D‡j−L
Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avgiv GLb Ggb GK ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡QwQ †hLv‡b mgMÖ
cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vjbB Hkx Aby‡cÖiYvq DÏxß hxï‡K wN‡i †K›`ªxf~Z
n‡qwQj|
†Kvb wKQy Kivi Av‡M hxïi 40 w`b wbR©‡b evm I cÖv_©bv Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb wQj| Zuvi eqm ZLb wQj 30 eQi| Bqvû`x AvBb Abyhvqx
GUv wQj †mB eqm †h eq‡m †Kvb gvbyl Zvi wcZvi wbqš¿Y gy³
nq| †hvnb hLb gvby‡li g‡a¨ ag©cÖPvi K‡iwQ‡jb ZLb wZwb
†ivgK‡ì wei“‡× mK‡ji i“‡L ùvov‡bvi AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q wQ‡jb|
wKš‘ hxï Gi Av‡M cÖKv‡k¨ ag© cÖPvi K‡ibwb| myZivs mZK©Zvi
mv‡_ Zuvi cÖ¯‘wZ †bqv cÖ‡qvRb n‡q c‡owQj| Gi Av‡Mi cÖ‡Póvi
cwimgvwß N‡UwQj wech©‡qi g‡a¨ w`‡q Ges m¤úÖwZ †hvn‡bi g„Zzï
¯§„wZ Zuvi g‡b RvMiƒK wQj| `~i`„wó I weP¶YZvi mv‡_ wZwb
Bqvû`x‡ì msMwVZ Kivi KvR ïi“ Ki‡jb| wZwb KvD‡K `x¶v
w`‡jb bv| GUv AKvi‡Y †ivgvb‡ì e¨vcK `„wó AvKl©Y KiZ Ges
Zv wec¾bK Ae¯’vi m„wó Ki‡Z cviZ| Ab¨w`‡K wZwb Ôwelv³
mvcÕ¸‡jvi cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vj‡b AbycÖ‡e‡kI evav w`‡jb bv| wZwb
BmivB‡ji 12wU †Mv‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix wn‡m‡e cÖPwjZ cÖ_vq 12
Rb wkl¨ ev Abymvix wb‡qvM Ki‡jb| Zviv Avevi Zv‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡
KvR Kivi R‡b¨ 70 Rb †`k‡cÖwgK‡K wb‡qvM Kij| Bqvû`x‡ì
AvPviwbô ag©xq m¤úÖ`vq dvixmxiv MÖv‡gi k³ mg_© Bqvû`x‡ì
(Avg Avj Av‡iR- Am-Al Arez) mv‡_ kxZj m¤úK© eRvq
ivL‡Z hxï Zv‡ì wb‡Ri Aax‡b wb‡q G‡jb| GB K…lK‡ì g‡a¨
A‡b‡KB G‡mbx m¤úÖ`vqf~³ wQj| Zviv hxïi Cl©Yxq mg_©‡K
cwiYZ nq| Zuvi R‡b¨ Zviv Rxeb w`‡Z cÖ¯‘Z wQj| Zviv cwiwPZ
wQj ag©‡hv×v (Zealots) bv‡g| evB‡e‡ji g‡Z, 12 Rb wk‡lï
g‡a¨ Aš—Z 6Rb wQj ag©‡hv×v| hxï gymv Av. Gi wk¶v cÖZ¨vL¨vb
bq, cybtcÖPv‡ii R‡b¨ AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb Iì †Uóv‡g‡›Ui
Av‡e`b Zz‡j ai‡jb : Ò †h AvB‡bi cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj Ges Pzw³ †g‡b
P‡j, Avgvi c‡iB Zvi ¯’vbÓ (g¨vKvwem 2t27-31)| eû †jvK Zuvi
Abymvix n‡Z ïi“ K‡i| wKš‘ Zv‡ì †Mvcb ¯’v‡b ivLv nZ Ges
wbR©b GjvKvq Zv‡ì cÖwk¶Y ïi“ nq| Zv‡ì ejv nZ Ôevi
BIwbgÕ (Bar Yonim) A_©vr ÔwbR©b¯’v‡bi mš—vbÕ| Zv‡ì g‡a¨
hviv QyiKvi eënvi wk¶v K‡iwQj Zviv ÔmvBKvwiÕ (Sicarii) ev
ÔPzwiKvavix e¨w³Õ bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj| G Qvov gywó‡gq wKQy †jvK‡K
wb‡q GK ai‡bi †`ni¶x `j ˆZwi Kiv nq| Zviv cwiwPZ wQj Ôevi
†RmvmÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ †jv‡Ki K_v D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| Zv m‡Ë¡I Gme
†jvK‡ì wN‡i GK ai‡bi inm¨ weivR KiZ| d‡j Zv‡ì m¤ú‡K©
†ewk wKQy Rvbv hvq bv| GUv †evaMg¨| KviY Zviv wQj hxïi
Abymvix Nwbô gnjwUi Ask| ZvB †ivgvb ¸ßPi‡ì †Pv‡Li
Avov‡j ivLvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì cwiPq †Mvcb ivLv nZ|
Abymvix‡ì hxï wb‡`©k w`‡jb : Ôhvi UvKvi _wj Av‡Q Zv‡K
†mUv wb‡Z `vI, †m ZvB wb‡q _vK, Ges hvi †Kvb Zievwi †bB
Zv‡K Zvi †cvkvK wewµ Ki‡Z `vI hv‡Z †m GKwU wKb‡Z cv‡i
(j~K 22t 36)| hxïi wk¶v A‡jŠwKK Kg©Kv‡Ê AbycÖvwYZ n‡q Zvi
Abymvix‡ì msL¨v e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| Gme cÖ¯‘wZi dj ùvovj GB
†h wc‡jU- (Pilate) Gi DËi myix †mvwmqvbvm wn‡q‡ivKjm
(Sossianus Hierocles) †LvjvLywjB ej‡jb †h hxï 9k
WvKv‡Zi GKwU `‡ji †bZv (ÔPvP© dv`viÕ j¨vKUvwbqvm
(Lactanius) KZ©…K D×„Z)| †Rv‡mdv‡mi iwPZ MÖ‡š’i ga¨hyMxq
wneªy Abywjwc †_‡K †`Lv hvq, hxïi mv‡_ 2 nvRvi †_‡K 4 nvRvi
mk¯¿ Abymvix wQj| 4
G‡mbx‡ì Abym„Z ag©v`k© †_‡K hv‡Z †ewk`~‡i m‡i bv hvb,
†mw`‡K hxïi mZK© `„wó wQj| wZwb Rvb‡Zb †h G‡mbx‡ì
ag©MÖ‡š’i cÖwZ c„ôv‡ZB Mm‡dj I Ck¦i †cÖwiZ `~Z‡ì AvPvi
Abyôvb I bxwZ evK¨ i‡q‡Q5| ag©cÖPviKv‡j hxï Zuvi wk¶v I
Av`k© m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Zuvi Abymvix‡ì Kv‡Q cÖKvk K‡ibwb| g~jZ, c~Y©
mZ¨wU gvÎ AwZ Aí K‡qKR‡bi Rvbv wQj|
Ò†Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q Avgvi GLbI A‡bK wKQy ejvi evwK Av‡Q|
wKš‘ †Zvgiv †m¸‡jv enb Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| hv †nvK, †mB wZwb
A_©vr mZ¨ AvZ¥v hLb AvMgb Ki‡eb ZLb wZwb †Zvgv‡ì c~Y©
m‡Zï c‡_ cwiPvwjZ Ki‡eb, wKš‘ wZwb wb‡R †_‡K wKQy ej‡eb
bv| wZwb hv ïb‡eb, ZvB wZwb ej‡eb|Ó (†hvnb 16 : 12-14)
wZwb †Kvb RvMwZK ¶gZv Pvbwb| ZvB wZwb †`‡ki kvmK
†hgb n‡Z Pvbwb, †Zgwb Pvbwb ag©kv¯¿we` n‡Z ev cÖfvekvjx
Bqvû`x P‡µi †bZ…Z|¡ wKš‘ mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨ Zuvi wecyj
RbwcÖqZv †`‡L I Zuvi Abymvix‡ì msL¨v w`b w`b e„w× cvIqvi
Kvi‡Y †ivgKiv Ges Zv‡ì mg_©K Bqvû`x cy‡ivwnZiv kw¼Z n‡q
I‡V †h wZwb †eva nq kvmb ¶gZv `Lj Ki‡Z PvB‡Qb| wb‡R‡ì
¶gZvi cÖwZ ûgwK m„wó n‡Z hv‡”Q †f‡e Zviv Zuv‡K wbwðý Kivi
R‡b¨ `ª“Z m‡Pó n‡q I‡V|
hxïi GKgvÎ j¶¨ wQj mªóv †hgbwU wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb Z`byhvqx
Dcvmbvi c×wZ cÖwZôv Kiv| Hkx wb‡`©wkZ cš’vq Pjvi c‡_ †h
evav †Ìqvi †Póv Ki‡e Zvi mv‡_ jovB Kivi R‡b¨ hxï I Zuvi
Abymvixiv cÖ¯‘Z wQ‡jb|
cÖ_g jovBwU msNwUZ nq †ivgK‡ì AbyMZ Bqvû`x‡ì mv‡_|
G hy‡× hxïi c‡¶ †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb Ôevi †RmvmÕ eviveŸvm (Bar
Jesus Barabbas) G hy‡× Bqvû`x `‡ji †bZv wbnZ n‡j Zviv
m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c g‡bvej nvwi‡q †d‡j| wKš‘ eviveŸvm †MÖdZvi nb|
cieZ©x j¶ wQj m‡jvg‡bi gw›ì| G gw›`‡ii Kv‡QB
†ivgK‡ì GKwU kw³kvjx evwnbx wQj, KviY †mUv wQj evrmwiK
Drm‡ei mgq Ges c~e© Dcj‡¶ †fv‡Rvrme (Feast of the
Passover) wQj Avmbœ| G †ivgK ˆmbïv eQ‡ii G mgq
mvaviYfv‡e †QvU-LvU †Mvj‡hv‡Mi R‡b¨ cÖ¯‘Z n‡qB _vKZ| Z‡e
Gevi Zviv Ab¨ †h †Kvb mg‡qi †P‡q †ewk mZK© wQj| Giv QvovI
wQj gw›ì cywjk hviv cweÎ ¯’vb¸‡jv cvnviv w`Z| hxïi gw›ì
AwfhvbwU GgbB mycwiKwíZ wQj †h †ivgK ˆmbïv NUbvi mgq
G‡Kev‡i nZ wenŸj n‡q c‡o| hxï gw›`‡ii wbqš¿Y MÖnY K‡ib|
GB jovB Ôgw›ì ïw×KiYÕ (Cleansing of the Temple) bv‡g
L¨vZ| †hvnb Gi Mm‡c‡j G NUbv wb‡æv³ fvlvq eY©bv Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
Òhxï gw›`‡i †mB me e¨w³‡ì †`L‡Z †c‡jb hviv Mi“, †fov
I cvqiv wewµ KiwQj| gy`ªv wewbgqKvixiv Zv‡ì Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ
wQj| hxï Pvey‡Ki AvNvZ K‡i Mi“ I †fovmn Zv‡ì gw›`‡ii
evB‡i Zvwo‡q w`‡jb| wZwb gy`ªv eëmvqx‡ì UvKv¸‡jv Quy‡o †d‡j
w`‡jb Ges Zv‡ì †Uwej¸‡jvI Dwë‡q w`‡jb| (†hvnb 2t14)
Pvey‡Ki AvNvZ m¤ú‡K© gš—e¨ Ki‡Z wM‡q KvigvB‡Kj
(Carmichael) e‡jb †h-
Ò†hUv Kvh©Z wQj GK weivU NUbv †h ‡¶‡Î Zviv gvÎ
mwnsmZvi Avfvm w`‡qwQ‡jb Ges m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e AwZ mvgvb¨Zg
AvNvZ gvÎ †n‡bwQ‡jb| Avgiv hw` ïay †mB gw›`‡ii AvqZb Kíbv
Kwi, hvi wfZi I evB‡i mg‡eZ n‡qwQj eû nvRvi †jvK, AmsL¨
†meK, cywjk evwnbx †ivgK ˆmbïv, cvkvcvwk gy`ªv eëmvqx‡ì
e¨vcv‡i wKQy bv e‡j ïay Mi“ we‡µZv‡ì cÖwZwµqvi K_v fvwe,
Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, KvRwU wQj we¯§qKi e¨vcv‡ii PvB‡ZI
A‡bK †ewk wKQy| PZz_© Mm‡c‡j G NUbvi †h eY©bv i‡q‡Q Avmj
NUbv wQj G‡Kev‡iB wfbœZi| BwZnvmKvi ev¯—eZvi evB‡i
NUbvwU‡K ÔHk¦wiKxKi‡YÕi gva¨‡g Zvrch©nxb K‡i †d‡j‡Qb|6
cÖwZwU †hv×vi G welqwU Rvbv wQj †h, ¯’vbxq cywjk‡ì
mnvbyf~wZ wQj †`k- †cÖwgK‡ì cÖwZ, `Lj`vi †mbvevwnbxi cÖwZ
bq| G welqwU gw›`‡ii cÖwZi¶v eë¯’v m¤ú~Y© †f‡O covi GKwU
KviY n‡Z cv‡i|
†ivgKiv ¯’vbxqfv‡e wech©‡qi m¤§yLxb n‡jI Zv‡ì kw³ P~Y©
nqwb| Zvi kw³ e„w×i R‡b¨ mvnvh¨ †P‡q cvVv‡j bZzb ˆmb¨ `j
†Ri“hv‡j‡gi w`‡K AMÖmi nq| †Ri“hv‡j‡gi †ZviY i¶vi jovB
K‡qKw`b a‡i P‡j| wKš‘ †kl ch©š— †`k †cÖwgK evwnbxi Zzjbvq
†ivgvb evwnbx A‡bK †ewk kw³kvjx cÖgvwYZ nq| Zuvi mKj
Abymvix wcQy n‡U hvq| GgbwK hxïi Nwbô wklïvI cjvqb K‡i|
Zuvi mv‡_ gvÎ mvgvb¨ wKQy gvbyl Aewkó wQj| hxï AvZ¥‡Mvcb
Ki‡jb| †ivgvbiv Zv‡K Luy‡R †ei Kivi R‡b¨ e¨vcK Zj−vwk ïi“
K‡i|
hxïi †MÖdZvi, ÔwePviÕ Ges Ôµzkwe×Õ Kiv wb‡q GZ †ewk
ci¯úi we‡ivax I weåvwš—Ki weeiY cvIqv hvq †h Zvi ga¨ †_‡K
ev¯—‡e wK N‡UwQj Zv Rvbv AZ¨š— `y®‹i| Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h,
†ivgK miKvi ¯^ímsL¨K Bqvû`x‡ì AvbyMZ¨ I †mev jvf Ki‡Z
m¶g n‡qwQj| KviY †Ri“hv‡j‡g †ivgK kvmb Ae¨vnZ _vK‡j G
we‡kl gnjwUi ¯^v_© iw¶Z n‡Zv|
hxïi GK wkl¨ RyWvm BmK¨vwiqU (Judas Iscariot) hxï‡K
†MÖdZv‡ii Kv‡R mvnvh¨ Kivi wewbg‡q 30 wU †iŠc¨LÛ jv‡fi
cÖwZkÖ“wZ †c‡q †ivgK‡ì `‡j wf‡o hvq| †h †Kvb ai‡bi
†Mvj‡hvM Gov‡Z iv‡Zi †ejvq hxï‡K †MÖdZvi Kivi wm×vš— †bqv
nq| hxï †h ¯’v‡b Zuvi K‡qKRb m½xmn Ae¯’vb KiwQ‡jb †mLv‡b
†cuŠ‡Q RyWvm‡K hxï‡K Pz¤^b Kivi wb‡`©k †Ìqv nq hv‡Z we‡`wk
†ivgK ˆmbïv mn‡RB Zv‡K kbv³ Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ cwiKíbvwU
fÛyj n‡q hvq| ˆmbïv AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ w`kv nvwi‡q †d‡j|
`yÕRb‡KB AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ GK iKg g‡b nw”Qj| ˆmbïv fyj K‡i
hxïi cwie‡Z© RyWvm‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i| Gi c‡i hxï cvwj‡q †h‡Z
m¶g nb|
G e¨vcv‡i cweÎ KziAvb gRx‡` ejv n‡q‡Q:
Zviv Zv‡K nZ¨v ev µzkwe× K‡iwb, wKš‘ Zv‡ì Giƒc weåg
n‡qwQj|
e›`x‡K hLb †ivgK wePviK wc‡jU- Gi mvg‡b nvwRi Kiv nj,
NUbvi bvUKxqZv mKj‡KB mš‘ó K‡iwQj| AwaKvsk Bqvû`x
Dj−wmZ n‡q D‡VwQj G Kvi‡Y †h A‡jŠwKKfv‡e wek¦vmNvZK
wb‡RB KvVMovq `Êvqgvb wQj, hxï bb| Ab¨w`‡K †ivgK‡ì
AbyMZ Bqvû`xiv Lywk n‡qwQj G Kvi‡Y †h RyWv‡mi g„Zz¨ n‡j
Zv‡ì Aciv‡ai cÖgvY wejyß n‡e| Dciš‘ †h‡nZz AvB‡bi `„wó‡Z
hxïi g„Zz¨ NU‡e †m Kvi‡Y wZwb Avi cÖKvk¨ AvZ¥ cÖKvk K‡i
Zv‡ì R‡b¨ †Kvb mgm¨v m„wó Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
†ivgK wePviK wc‡jU wePvi Kv‡R Kx f~wgKv cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb
Zv Rvbv hvq bv| evB‡e‡j ejv n‡q‡Q †h wZwb wm×vš—nxbZvq
fyMwQ‡jb| Bqvû`x †bZv‡ì cÖwZ Zvi c¶cvwZZ¡ wQj, Ab¨w`‡K
hxïi cÖwZI Zvi mnvbyf~wZ wQj| d‡j G e¨vcv‡i Ggb GK Kvwnwb
ˆZwi nq hv wek¦vm Kiv KwVb| Mm‡c‡ji †jLKiv hxï‡K µzkwe×
K‡i Zvi mKj `vq- `vwqZ¡ mgMÖ Bqvû`x RvwZi Dci Pvwc‡q w`‡Z
Ges hxïi Kw_Z g„Zzï `vq †_‡K †ivgK‡ì gy³ Kivi †h †Póv
Pvwj‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi djkÖ“wZ‡ZI cÖK…Z NUbv Zvj‡Mvj cvKv‡bv n‡Z
cv‡i|7 G †¶‡Î GKgvÎ c_ n‡Z cviZ GB NUbv m¤ú‡K© Ggb
GKwU miKvix weeiY hv †`wk kvmK‡ì R‡b¨ ¶wZKi nZ bv Ges
†mLv‡b KZ©c… ¶ hv‡Z Amš‘ó ev µz× bv nq †m R‡b¨ cÖK…Z NUbv
cÖ‡qvRb †ev‡a wKQyUv Nywi‡q †jLv| Avi ZrKvjxb cwi‡e‡k ïay G
ai‡bi weeiYB wU‡K _vKv m¤¢e wQj|
AZGe GKwU kw³kvjx m~‡Î e¨vL¨v †Ìqv n‡q‡Q †h wc‡jU
30 nvRvi cvD‡Ûi mgcwigvY A_© Nyl MÖnY K‡ib| Mm‡c‡j hv
ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Zv hw` mZ¨ n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j GUv wbwðZ †h †mw`b
†Ri“hv‡j‡g †h bvUK AbywôZ nq †mLv‡b wc‡jU GKwU we‡kl
gn‡ji ¯^v‡_© KvR K‡iwQ‡jb|
me©‡kl Avi GKwU Zvrch©cY~ © NUbvi K_v D‡j−L Kiv hvq|
wgki I Bw_Iwcqvi KwÞK Pv‡P©i mš—‡ì (Saints of the
Coptic Church) K¨v‡jÛvi¸‡jv †_‡K †`Lv hvq, wc‡jU I Zvi
¯¿x Ômš—Õ (Saints) wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡q‡Qb| GUv ïay ZLbB nIqv
m¤¢e hw` †g‡b †bqv hvq †h wc‡jU ˆmb¨‡ì fyj e¨w³‡K †MÖdZvi
Kiv m¤ú‡K© m¤ú~Y© AewnZ wQ‡jb Ges wZwb †R‡bï‡bB RyWvm‡K
g„Zz¨`Ê w`‡q hxï‡K cvwj‡q hvevi my‡hvM K‡i †`b|
evY©vev‡mi weei‡Y ejv n‡q‡Q †h, †MÖdZv‡ii mgq mªóvi B”Qvq
RyWvm hxïi †Pnvivq cwiewZ©Z nb Ges Zv GZB wbLuyZ wQj †h Zvi
gvZv I Nwbô AbymvixivI Zv‡K hxï e‡jB wek¦vm K‡iwQ‡jb|
RyWv‡mi g„Zzï ci hxï Zv‡ì Kv‡Q nvwRi bv nIqv ch©š— Zviv
eyS‡ZB cv‡ibwb †h cÖK…Zc‡¶ Kx N‡U †M‡Q| G †_‡KB †evSv hvq,
ZrKvjxb cwi‡ek I cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †Kb GB weåvwš— N‡UwQj Ges †Kb
†Kvb †Kvb †jLK G NUbvi eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q NUbv¯’‡j Dcw¯’Z bv
†_‡KI hxïi µzkwe× n‡q g„Zzï åvš— K_v mg_©b K‡i †M‡Qb|
hxïi mv‡_ wek¦vmNvZKZvKvix e‡j D‡j−wLZ e¨w³ µzkwe× n‡q
g„ZzëiY K‡iwQ‡jb wKbv †m e¨vcv‡i mK‡jB m¤ú~Y© GKgZ bb|
†Mvovi w`‡Ki L„óvb‡ì g‡a¨ †mwibw_qvbm (Cerinthians) I
c‡i e¨vwmwjwWqvbm (Basilidians) hxïi µzkwe× nIqvi K_v
A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| Zviv wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h hxïi e`‡j mvBwib Gi
mvBgb (Simon of Cyrene) µzkwe× n‡qwQ‡jb| wcUvi, cj I
Rb Gi mgmvgwqK †mwibw_qvbm hxïi cybi“Ìv‡bi K_vI ¯^xKvi
K‡ib| †Mvovi w`‡Ki Av‡iKwU L„óvb m¤úÖ`vq Kv‡c©v‡µwkqvbiv
(Carpocratians) wek¦vm KiZ †h hxï bq, ûeû Zuvi gZ †`L‡Z
Zuvi GK Abymvix‡K µzkwe× Kiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© kZvãxi gvbyl
c−vwUbvm (Platinus) e‡j‡Qb †h wZwb Ôw` Rvwb©Õm Ae A¨v‡cvmjm,
(The Journies of the Apostles) bvgK GKwU MÖš’ cvV K‡ib
hv wcUvi, Rb, A¨vÛª,y Ugvm I c‡ji Kg©KvÊ m¤ú‡K© iwPZ
n‡qwQj| Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi mv‡_ GLv‡bI ejv n‡q‡Q †h hxï µzkwe×
nbwb, Zvi ¯’v‡b Ab¨ e¨w³ µzkwe× nq Ges hviv wek¦vm K‡iwQj †h
Zviv µzkwe× K‡i Zuv‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q, Zv‡ì wZwb Dcnvm
Ki‡Zb|8 Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq, hxï µzkwe× nbwb e‡j Rvbv †M‡jI
†m Kv‡ji †jLKMY ev HwZnvwmKiv hxïi ¯’‡j †K µzkwe× n‡q
g„ZzëiY Ki‡jb Zvi e¨vcv‡i gZcv_©‡Kï wkKvi wKsev mywbw`©ó
wKQy ej‡Z AcviM| †KD †KD wKQyB wek¦vm Ki‡Z Pvb bv|
hLb †KD †ivgvb ˆmwbK‡ì †`Šiv‡Z¥ï K_v eY©bv K‡ib wZwb
Av¶wiK fv‡eB Iì †U÷v‡g‡›Ui wbw`©ó K‡qKwU Aby‡”Q‡ì
cybive„wË K‡ib......... ZLbB cy‡iv welqwUB wbQK KíbvcÖm~Z
Avwe®‹vi e‡j m‡›`n †R‡M I‡V|9
evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj (Gospel of Barnabas) I KziAvb Qvov
hxïi µzkwe× nIqvi ci Kx N‡UwQj, †m m¤ú‡K© †Kvb HwZnvwmK
†iKW© †bB| D³ evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj I KziAv‡b G NUbvi eY©bv
i‡q‡Q hv‡K 4wU ¯^xK…Z Mm‡c‡jB ÔEaŸ©v‡ivnbÕ(Ascension) e‡j
AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| hvi A_© Zuv‡K c„w_ex †_‡K Zz‡j †bqv
n‡qwQj|
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj
evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj hxï L„‡ói GKRb Nwbô wk‡lï †jLv Ges
Kvj cwiµgvq i¶vcÖvß GKgvÎ Mm‡cj| Gi iPwqZv evb©vevm
wQ‡jb hxïi AZ¨š— Nwbô mnPi Ges hxïi wZb eQi e¨vcx ag©
cÖPviKv‡j wZwb AwaKvsk mgqB Zuvi wek¦¯— mnPi wn‡m‡e wQ‡jb|
Gi d‡j wZwb hxïi ag©cÖPvi ¯^P‡¶ cÖZ¨¶ K‡i mivmwi AwfÁZv
I Ávb jvf K‡ib hv PviwU ¯^xK…Z Mm‡c‡ji iPwqZv‡ì KviI wQj
bv| hxï Ges Zvi wk¶v I wb‡`©k m¤ú‡K© wZwb KLb G Mm‡cj
iPbv K‡ib Zv Rvbv hvq bv| myZivs hLb †h NUbv ev K‡_vcK_b
msNwUZ n‡qwQj ZLwb A_ev hxïi EaŸ©v‡ivn‡Yi ciciB Zuvi wKQy
wk¶v cwiewZ©Z ev nvwi‡q †h‡Z cv‡i †f‡e wZwb G Mm‡cj iPbv
K‡ib, Zv my¯úó bq| m¤¢eZ Rb gv‡K©i (John Mark) mv‡_
wZwb mvBcÖvm cÖZ¨veZ©b Kivi c~‡e© wKQyB iPbv K‡ibwb| hxïi
EaŸ©v‡ivn‡Yi wKQy w`b ci Uvim‡mi cj (Paul of Tarsus) Gi
mv‡_ m¤úK©‡”Q‡ì ci `yÕRb mvBcÖvm hvÎv K‡iwQ‡jb| D³ e¨w³
evb©vev‡mi mv‡_ cybivq åg‡Y A¯^xK…wZ Rvbv‡jI gvK© Zuvi mnhvÎx
nb| Z‡e evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj KLb †jLv n‡qwQj Zv ZZUv ¸i“Z¡cY~ ©
bq| G Mm‡cjwUI Ab¨ PviwU Mm‡c‡ji b¨vq wewfbœ fvlvq Abyw`Z
I cwi‡kvwaZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e G MÖ‡š’i we‡klZ¡ nj †h GwU hxïi
Rxeb I Kg© wel‡q GKRb cÖZ¨¶`k©xi weeiY|
325 mb ch©š— Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi PvP©¸‡jv‡Z evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj
GKwU wMR©v Aby‡gvw`Z Mm‡cj (Canonical Gospel) wn‡m‡eB
¯^xK…Z wQj| GUv mywew`Z †h hxïi Rb¥jv‡fi ci cÖ_g I wØZxq
kZvãx‡Z Zv cÖPvwiZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡i| Bivwbqv‡mi (Iraneus,
130-200 mb) †jLvi Kvi‡YB GUv N‡UwQj| KviY wZwb
GKZ¡ev‡ì mg_©‡b †jLv‡jwL Ki‡Zb| wZwb c‡ji (†cŠ‡ji)
we‡ivax wQ‡jb Ges hxïi cÖK…Z wk¶vi g‡a¨ †cŠËwjK, †ivgvb ag©
I c−v‡UvwbK `k©‡bi wgkÖY NUv‡bvi `v‡q cj‡K Awfhy³
K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb Zuvi g‡Zi mg_©‡b evb©vev‡mi evB‡ej †_‡K
e¨vcKfv‡e D×„wZ w`‡Zb|
325 m‡b wbwmqvi (Nicea) weL¨vZ KvDwÝj AbywôZ nq|
G‡Z wÎZ¡ev`‡K cjxq Pv‡P©i AvbyôvwbK ag©gZ wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv
nq| GB wm×v‡š—i GKwU dj nq GB †h, †m mgq †h 3kÕi gZ
Mm‡cj we`¨gvb wQj, †m¸‡jvi ga¨ †_‡K PviwU‡K Pv‡P©i
Aby‡gvw`Z Mm‡cj wn‡m‡e g‡bvbxZ Kiv nq| Ab¨vb¨ Mm‡c‡j¸‡jv
hvi g‡a¨ evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cjI wQj, m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c aŸsm K‡i †djvi
wb‡`©k †Ìqv nq| GQvov wneªy fvlvq wjwLZ mKj Mm‡djI aŸsm
Kivi wm×vš— †bqv nq| digvb Rvwi Kiv nq †h Kv‡iv Kv‡Q
Abby‡gvw`Z Mm‡cj cvIqv †M‡j Zv‡K g„Zz¨`‡Ê `wÊZ Kiv n‡e|
GwU wQj wÎZ¡ev‡ì we‡ivax hxïi g~j wk¶v wejyß Kivi cÖ_g
mymsMwVZ †Póv| Zv †m gvbylB †nvK Avi MÖš’B †nvK| Z‡e
evb©vev‡mi Mmc‡ji †¶‡Î G †Póv m¤ú~Y© djcÖm~ nqwb| AvR‡Ki
w`‡bI G MÖ‡š’i Aw¯—Z¡ eRvq _vKv †_‡KB Zvi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq|
Wvgvmvm (Damasus, 304-384 mb) 366 m‡b †cvc nb|
wZwb digvb Rvwi K‡ib †h evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj cvV Kiv DwPZ bq|
Kvqmvwiqvi wekc †Mjvmvm (Gelasus)- G digvb mg_©b K‡ib|
†Mjvmvm 395 m‡b ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib| wZwb ÔG‡cvµvBdvjÕ
(apocryphal) MÖš¸ ’ ‡jvi †h ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡ib Zvi g‡a¨ G
Mm‡cjwUI wQj| G‡cvµvBdv A_© ÒRb- mvavi‡Yi KvQ †_‡K
jywK‡q ivLvÓ| d‡j G Mm‡cjwU ZLb mnRjf¨ wQj bv| Z‡e PvP©
†bZviv Zv‡ì K_vq Mm‡c‡ji cÖm½ D‡j−L Ki‡Zb| ev¯—‡e Rvbv
hvq †h †cvc 383 m‡b evb©vev‡mi evB‡e‡ji GKwU Kwc msMÖn
K‡iwQ‡jb I Zv Zvi e¨w³MZ MÖš’vMv‡i †i‡LwQ‡jb|
G Mm‡cj msµvš— wel‡q Av‡iv †ek wKQy digvb Rvwi Kiv
nq| 382 m‡b cvðv‡Zï PvP©¸‡jv Ges 456 m‡b †cvc B‡bv‡m›U
KZ©…K (Innocent) G Mm‡cj wbwl× K‡i digvb Rvwi Kiv nq|
496 m‡b M−vwmqvb digv‡b wbwl× MÖ‡š’i ZvwjKvq ‘Evangelium
Barnabe’ I Aš—f©y³ nq| niwgmWvm (Hormisdas) Gi
digv‡bI (whwb 514 mb †_‡K 523 mb ch©š— †cvc wQ‡jb) G
wb‡lavÁv cybe©¨³ Kiv nq| we `¨ g›Udv‡Kv (B.de.
Montfaucon, 1655-1741) KZ©…K cÖYxZ P¨v‡Ýji †mMvBqvi
(Chancellor Seguier, 1558-1672)- Gi MÖš’vMv‡ii MÖxK
cvÊywjwci K¨vUvj‡M G mKj digv‡bi D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q|
bvB‡m‡dviv‡mi (Nicephorus) Stichometry †Z I
wbæiƒ‡c evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡ji D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q:
µwgK bs 3, evb©vev‡mi cÎvejx (Epistle of Bernabas) ...
1,300 cOw³|
Avevi Sixty Books- Gi ZvwjKv‡Z evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡ji
wbæiƒc D‡j−L i‡q‡Q:
µwgK bs 17| †cÖwiZ `~Z‡ì ågY I wk¶v|
µwgK bs 18| evb©vev‡mi cÎvewj|
µwgK bs 24| evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj|
GB weL¨vZ ZvwjKv Index bv‡g cwiwPZ| L„óvbiv ciKv‡ji
wPi¯’vqx kvw¯—i f‡q G MÖš¸’ ‡jvi †KvbwUB cvV KiZ bv e‡j aviYv
Kiv nq|
d«v‡Ýi ivRvi MÖš’vMv‡ii cvÊywjwc mg~‡ni K¨vUvjM cÖ¯‘ZKvix
†Kv‡U‡jwiqvm (Cotelerius) 1789 m‡b cÖYxZ Index of
Scriptures- G evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj‡K ZvwjKvf~³ K‡ib|
A·‡dvW© †ev`‡jBqvb jvB‡eªwii ev‡iv wmqvb (Baroccian)
msMÖ‡ni 206 Zg cvÊywjwc‡Z GB Mm‡c‡ji eY©bv i‡q‡Q|1
G‡_‡Ýi GKwU hv`yN‡i evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡ji GKwU LwÊZ Kwc
i‡q‡Q| MÖxK fvlvq Abyw`Z G KwcwU cywo‡q †djv GKwU Mm‡c‡ji
i¶vcÖvß Ask|
mgªvU †R‡bvi (Zeno) kvmbvg‡ji PZz_© eQ‡i 478 m‡b

evb©vev‡mi †`nve‡kl Avwe®‹…Z nq Ges Zuvi wb‡Ri nv‡Z †jLv
Mm‡c‡ji GKwU Kwc Zuvi ey‡Ki Dci ivLv Ae¯’vq cvIqv hvq|
1698 m‡b A¨v›UIqvc© (Antwarp) †_‡K cÖKvwkZ (Acta
Sanctorum (Boland Junii, Tome II)- Gi 422-450 c„ôvq
Gi D‡j−L i‡q‡Q| †ivgvb K¨v_wjK PvP© `vwe K‡iwQj †h evb©vev‡mi
Ke‡i cÖvß Mm‡cjwU gw_i iwPZ| wKš‘ G KwcwU cÖ`k©‡bi †Kvb
eë¯’v †bqv nqwb| f¨vwUKv‡bi Ò25 gvBj j¤^v jvB‡eªwiÓ Af¨š—‡iB
Gi welqe¯‘ AÁvZ i‡q †Mj|
evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡ji †h cvÊywjwc †_‡K Bs‡iwR Abyev` Kiv
n‡q‡Q †mwU Av`‡Z wQj †cvc †m·Uvm (Sextus) 1589-90) Gi
Kv‡Q| d«v gvwi‡bv (Fra Marino) bv‡g Zuvi GK hvRK eÜz
wQ‡jb| wZwb Bivwbqv‡mi †jLv cvV K‡i evb©vev‡mi evB‡e‡ji
e¨vcv‡i AZ¨š— AvMÖnx n‡q I‡Vb| Bivwbqvm Zvi †jLvq evb©vev‡mi
evB‡ej e¨vcKfv‡e D×„Z Ki‡Zb| GKw`b gvwi‡bv †cv‡ci mv‡_
mv¶vr Ki‡Z hvb| Zviv GKmv‡_ `ycy‡ii Avnv‡ii ci K_vevZ©v
ej‡Z _v‡Kb| G mgq †cvc Nywg‡q c‡ob| dv`vi gvwi‡bv ZLb
†cv‡ci e¨w³MZ jvB‡eªwii eB¸‡jv Ny‡i Ny‡i †`L‡Z _v‡Kb| GK
ch©v‡q wZwb evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡ji GKwU BZvjxq cvÊywjwc Avwe®‹vi
K‡ib| †mwU wb‡Ri Avj‡Lj−vi Avw¯—‡b jywK‡q gvwi‡bv †cv‡ci evwo
Z¨vM K‡ib Ges f¨vwUK¨vb †_‡K P‡j hvb| wewfbœ †jv‡Ki nvZ Ny‡i
cvÊywjwcwU Ae‡k‡l Amsterdam G Ggb GK e¨w³i nv‡Z †cuŠ‡Q
whwb wQ‡jb Ô¯^bvg L¨vZ I ¶gZvkvjxÕ| wZwb Mm‡cjwU‡K AZ¨š—
g~jëvb e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zb| Zvi g„Zzï ci Mm‡cjwU cÖ“wkqvi ivRvi
GK mfvm` †R, B, †µgv‡ii (J.E. Cremer) nv‡Z c‡o| 1713
m‡b †µgvi weL¨vZ MÖš’‡cÖgx m¨vfq Gi hyeivR BDwRb‡K (Prince
Eugene of Savoy) cvÊywjwcwU Dcnvi †`b| 1738 m‡b wcÖ‡Ýi
m¤ú~Y© MÖš’vMv‡ii mv‡_ cvÊywjwcwU wf‡qbvi ndweewjI‡_K
(Hofbibliothek)- G †cuŠ‡Q Ges GLbI Zv †mLv‡bB Av‡Q|
†Mvovi w`‡Ki Pv‡P©i wewkó HwZnvwmK †UvjvÛ (Toland) G
cvÊywjwcwU cvV K‡iwQ‡jb Ges wZwb Zvi Miscellaneous
Works- G Gi D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| 1747 m‡b Zuvi g„Zzï ci MÖš’wU
cÖKvwkZ nq| G Mm‡cj m¤ú‡K© wZwb e‡jb : ÒGwU AvMv‡Mvov
h_v_©B GK ag©MÖšÓ’ (This is in Scripture Style to a hair)|
wZwb e‡jb:
ÒG ch©š— cÖvß Mm‡cj mg~‡n hxïi Kvwnwb wewfbœfv‡e ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q| we‡kl K‡i G Mm‡cjwU‡Z GB wfbœZv Av‡iv †ewk
j¶Yxq| g~j †_‡K wbKUZi wQj weavq †KD †KD Gi cÖwZ
AwaKZi AbyK‚j aviYv †cvlY Ki‡e| KviY †Kvb GKwU NUbv
msNwUZ nIqvi ciB ïay †m m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv jvf Kiv hvq|
ZvB g~j NUbv †_‡K hZB `~‡i m‡i hvIqv nq ZZB Zvi Av‡e`b
n«vm cvq|Ó
G cvÊywjwci e¨vcv‡i †UvjvÛ (Toland) †h cÖPviYv Pvjvb
Zv‡Z me‡P‡q eo †h jvf nq Zv n‡jv GB †h, G cvÊywjwc‡K
Ab¨¸‡jvi fvM¨ eiY Ki‡Z nqwb| D‡j−L¨, ¯ú¨vwbk fvlvq
Av‡iKwU Mm‡cj GK mgq wQj| Mm‡c‡ji BZvjxq cvÊywjwcwU †h
mgq ndweewjI †_‡K †Ìqv nq †mB GKB mg‡q ¯ú¨vwbk
Mm‡cjwUI Bsj¨v‡Ûi GKwU K‡jR jvB‡eªwi‡K Dcnvi †Ìqv
n‡qwQj| inm¨RbKfv‡e †m cvÊywjwcwU Aš—wn©Z nIqvi A‡bK
Av‡M †_‡KB †mwU‡K Bsj¨v‡Û Luy‡R cvIqv hvqwb|
K¨vbb (Canon) I wg‡mm i¨vM (Mrs. Ragg) BZvjxq
cvÊywjwcwU Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyev` K‡ib| 1907 mv‡j A·‡dvW©
BDwbfviwmwU †cÖm KZ©…K Zv gyw`ªZ I cÖKvwkZ nq| inm¨RbK fv‡e
Gi cÖvq mKj KwcB evRvi †_‡K DavI n‡q hvq| Gi gvÎ 2wU
Kwc GLb wU‡K Av‡Q| GKwU i‡q‡Q weªwUk wgDwRqv‡g Ges Ab¨wU
IqvwksU‡bi jvB‡eªwi Ae Ks‡MÖm-G| jvB‡eªwi Ae Ks‡MÖ‡mi
KwcwUi GKwU gvB‡µvwdj¥ Kwc msMÖn Kiv nq Ges Zv cvwK¯—v‡b
gyw`ªZ nq| evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡ji ms‡kvwaZ ms¯‹iY cybg©y`ª‡Yi j‡¶
GB ms¯‹i‡YiB Kwc eënvi Kiv nq|
GUv GLb mvaviYfv‡e ¯^xK…Z †h (Synoptic Gospels) bv‡g
cwiwPZ cÖ_g w`‡Ki 3wU ¯^xK…Z Mm‡cj c~‡e©i AcwiwPZ GK
Mm‡cj †_‡K bKj Kiv nq| GB AcwiwPZ Mm‡cjwU‡K G Kv‡ji
M‡elKiv fvj †Kvb bvg Luy‡R bv †c‡q ‘Q’ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ
K‡i‡Qb| cÖkœ Rv‡M †h, wbwl×K…Z evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj Avm‡j GB
nviv‡bv Mm‡cj wKbv| ¯§iY‡hvM¨ †h 4wU ¯^xK…Z Mm‡c‡ji g‡a¨
cÖ_gwU whwb iPbv K‡ib †mB Rb gvK© wQ‡jb evb©vev‡mi †ev‡bi
cyÎ| hxïi mv‡_ Zuvi KL‡bvB mv¶vr nqwb| myZivs wZwb Zvi
Mm‡c‡j hxïi Rxeb I wk¶v m¤ú‡K© hv eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Zv wZwb
Aek¨B Ab¨ Kv‡iv KvQ †_‡K ï‡b‡Qb ev †R‡b‡Qb| wbD
†Uóv‡g‡›Ui MÖš’mg~n †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h cj I evb©vev‡mi mv‡_ eû
ag©cÖPvi welqK md‡i wZwb m½x n‡qwQ‡jb| cj I evb©vev‡mi g‡a¨
Zxeª we‡iva m„wó bv nIqv ch©š— Zv Ae¨vnZ wQj| we‡iva †`Lv
†`qvi ci evb©vevm I gvK© GK mv‡_ mvBcÖvm Mgb K‡ib| cjI
KL‡bv hxï‡K †`‡Lbwb| myZivs Z‡_ï R‡b¨ gvK© c‡ji Dci wbf©i
K‡iwQ‡jb, GUv n‡ZB cv‡i bv| GLv‡b GKgvÎ hyw³msMZ wm×vš—
GUvB †h gvgv evb©vevm hxï m¤ú‡K© Zv‡K hv e‡jwQ‡jb, gvK© Zvi
Mm‡c‡j †mfv‡eB cybive„wË K‡i‡Qb| †KD †KD e‡jb †h gvK©
wcUvi Gi †`vfvlx wn‡m‡e KvR K‡iwQ‡jb Ges wZwb wcUv‡ii KvQ
†_‡K hv ï‡b‡Qb ZvB wj‡L‡Qb| GUv mZ¨ n‡Z cv‡i| evb©vevm I
c‡ji mv‡_ gvK© hLb mdi Ki‡Zb †m mgq Ab¨vb¨ ag©
cÖPviKvix‡ì mv‡_ gv‡K©i Aek¨B mv¶vr N‡U _vK‡e| hv‡nvK,
¸W¯úxW (Goodspeed) Zuvi M‡elYvq †`wL‡q‡Qb †h wcUv‡ii
KvQ †_‡K gvK© hv ï‡bwQ‡jb Zv †Kvbµ‡gB m¤ú~Y© ev mgwš^Z wQj
bv|
wZwb wQ‡jb wcUvi Gi GKRb †`vfvlx| hxï hv e‡j‡Qb ev
K‡i‡Qb e‡j wZwb ï‡bwQ‡jb †m¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e wZwb wj‡L‡Qb
hwÌ Zv myk„•Lj nqwb| KviY wZwb KL‡bvB hxï‡K †`‡Lbwb ev
Zuvi AbyMgb K‡ibwb, wKš‘ c‡i wZwb, Avwg †hgbwU e‡jwQ,
wcUv‡ii mwbœav‡b Av‡mb| wcUvi hxïi e³e¨ †kÖvZv‡ì Dc‡hvMx
K‡i cÖKvk Ki‡Zb, wKš‘ hxïi ÁvbMf© evYx I Dc‡`‡ki mymgwš^Z
mymgwš^Z weeiY cÖ`v‡bi †Kvb cwiKíbv Zvi wQj bv|4
j~K, whwb †cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© m¤ú‡K© wj‡L‡Qb wZwbI KL‡bvB
hxïL„ó‡K †`‡Lbwb| wZwb wQ‡jb c‡ji e¨w³MZ wPwKrmK| hxïi
mv‡Z gw_iI KL‡bv mv¶vr nqwb| gw_ wQ‡jb GKRb Ki
Av`vqKvix|
ejv n‡q _v‡K †h gv‡K©i Mm‡cjB ‘Q’ Mm‡cj| gw_ I j~K
Zuvi Mm‡cj eënvi K‡iB wb‡R‡ì Mm‡cj iPbv K‡ib| hv †nvK,
gw_ I jy‡Ki eY©bv A‡bK wek` hv gvK© K‡ibwb| G †_‡K g‡b nq,
gv‡K©i Mm‡cjB Zv‡ì Mm‡c‡ji GKgvÎ Drm ev Aej¤^b n‡Z
cv‡i bv| †KD †KD e‡jb †h GUv ¸i“Z¡cY~ © bq, †h‡nZz gv‡K©i
Mm‡cj iwPZ n‡qwQj wneªy‡Z, c‡i Zv Abyw`Z nq MÖxK fvlvq Ges
MÖxK †_‡K j¨vwU‡b| gv‡K©i Mm‡c‡ji wneªy fvlvq iwPZ Kwc Ges
MÖxK fvlvq Ab~w`Z Kwc aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q| d‡j G Mm‡cj GK fvlv
†_‡K Ab¨ fvlvq Ab~w`Z nIqvi mgq KZUv cwiewZ©Z ev
ms‡kvwaZ n‡qwQj Zv ïay Abygvb mv‡c¶|
GLv‡b we‡kl fv‡e D‡j−L¨ †h Mm‡cj¸‡jvi ga¨Kvi ¯^-
we‡ivwaZvi e¨vcviwU cÖwZwôZ Pv‡P©i R‡b¨ wKQyUv weeªZKi cÖgvwYZ
nIqvq Mm‡cj¸‡jv mgš^q K‡i g~‡ji Kv‡Q cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi cÖ‡Póv
Pvjv‡bv n‡qwQj| cjxq PvP© †m¸‡jv‡K wØZxq kZ‡KB Zv‡ì
cÖvwZôvwbK ag©MÖš’ e‡j ¯^xK…wZ w`‡qwQj †mB 4wU Mm‡cj‡KB
mgš^q Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb UvBwkqvb (Titian)| GB Mm‡c‡j
UvBwkqvb R‡bi Mm‡c‡ji kZKiv 96 fvM, gw_i Mm‡c‡ji
kZKiv 75 fvM, j~‡Ki Mm‡c‡ji kZKiv 66 fvM Ges gv‡K©i
Mm‡c‡ji kZKiv 50 fvM, eënvi K‡ib| evwK Ask wZwb
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| GUv Zvrch©cY~ © welq †h wZwb cyivZb Mm‡cj
¸‡jvi Dci mvgvb¨B Av¯’v †i‡LwQ‡jb Ges iwPZe¨ Mm‡c‡ji Dci
wecyjfv‡e wbf©i K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zvi mgš^qK…Z Mm‡cj mdj
nqwb|
myZivs gv‡K©i Mm‡cj Ab¨ 3wU Mm‡c‡ji Awfbœ Drm n‡Z
cv‡i wKbv Zv weZ‡K©i welq| c¶vš—‡i GB 3wU Mm‡c‡j †h me
NUbv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡j †m¸‡jv i‡q‡Q|
G ai‡bi weZwK©Z †cÖ¶vc‡U GB 3 e¨w³ GKB Drm †_‡K
Zv‡ì Ávb AvniY K‡i _vKzb Avi bvB _vKzb, evb©vevm m¤ú‡K© G
Hkx wb‡`©‡ki K_v ¯§iY Kiv hvq :
hw` †m †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q Av‡m, Zv‡K ¯^vMZ RvbvI|
(K‡jwmqvb‡ì Kv‡Q cÎ (Epistle to the Colossians,
4t10)
PZz_© Aa¨vq
nvigv‡mi w` †kdvW©
nvigv‡mi Òw` †kdvW©Ó (The Shepherd) ev †gl- cvjK MÖš’wU
iwPZ n‡qwQj 88 †_‡K 97 m‡bi g‡a¨, Gwdmv‡mi Kv‡Q c¨vUgm- G|
evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡ji gZ G MÖ‡š’I Ck¦‡ii GK‡Z¡i K_v e¨³ n‡q‡Q|
G Kvi‡YB hLb cÖwZwôZ cjxq Pv‡P© wÎZ¡ev` `„pfv‡e w¯’wZ jvf K‡i
ZLb G MÖš’wU aŸs‡mi R‡b¨ mgwš^Z †Póv Pvjv‡bv nq| G Qvov 325
m‡b wbwmqvi KvDwÝ‡j M„nxZ wm×vš— Abyhvqx †h mKj MÖš’ wbwl× Kiv
nq, GwU wQj Zvi Ab¨Zg|
aviYv Kiv nq †h, Rb hLb Zvi Mm‡cj iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb, GKB
mg‡q Òw` †kdvW©Ó †jLv n‡qwQj| hwÌ wKQy †jv‡Ki aviYv †h Òw`
†kdvW©Ó Rb- Gi Mm‡c‡ji Av‡MB iwPZ| hv‡nvK, gZcv_©K¨ hvB _vK
bv †Kb, GUv mZ¨ †h nvigvm wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui Aš—f©y³ 4wU Mm‡c‡ji
†KvbwUB †`‡Lbwb ev cvV K‡ibwb| †KD †KD g‡b K‡ib, nvigvm
wneªy‡Z iwPZ Mm‡cj Øviv AbycÖvwYZ n‡qwQ‡jb| D‡j−L¨, cÖ_g w`KKvi
G Mm‡c‡ji †Kvb mÜvb c‡i cvIqv hvqwb| Z‡e G MÖš’wU Kxfv‡e
†jLv n‡qwQj †m wel‡q nvigvm †h weeiY w`‡q‡Qb Zv‡Z Gme aviYvi
†Kvb mg_©b †g‡j bv|
wbwmqvi KvDwÝj AbywôZ nIqvi c~e© ch©š— hxïi †Mvovi w`‡Ki
Abymvix I f³MY KZ©…K G MÖš’wU e¨vcKfv‡e M„nxZ I eëüZ nq|
Zviv nvigvm‡K GKRb bex wn‡m‡e MY¨ Ki‡Zb| wØZxq kZvãxi †kl
bvMv` Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi wK¬‡g›U (Clement) KZ©…K G MÖš’wU wbD
†Uóv‡g‡›Ui Ask wn‡m‡e M„nxZ nq| Awi‡Rb I (Origen, 185-254
L„) G MÖš’wU‡K Hkx MÖš’ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib Ges PZz_© kZvãx‡Z
eëüZ Codex Sinaiticus- Gi †klvs‡k GwU ¯’vb jvf K‡i| G.wW
UviUvwjqvb (A.D. Tertullian, 160-220 L„.) cÖ_‡g G‡K MÖnY
Ki‡jI c‡i Zv cwiZ¨vM K‡ib| Bivwbqvm (130-230) GwU‡K ag©MÖš’
wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib| Kvqmvwiqvi BD‡mweqvm (Eusebius of
Caesaria) GwU cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib, wKš‘ G_vbvwmqvm (Athanasius)
367 m‡b GwU MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi hyw³ wQj †h bZzb ag©vš—wiZ‡ì
e¨w³MZ cv‡Vi R‡b¨ Òw` †kdvW©Ó AZ¨š— Dc‡hvMx| g¨vwbwPqvm bvgK
(Manichaeaus) bvgK cvi‡mï GK L„óvb e¨w³ GwU cÖv‡P¨ wb‡q
hvb| `v‡š—I (Dante) wbwðZ fv‡e G MÖš’Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡qwQ‡jb|
myZivs Òw` †kdvW©Ó wQj Ggwb GK MÖš’ hv †Kvb iK‡gB D‡c¶Yxq
wQj bv Ges Zv GKwU Hkx MÖš’ wn‡m‡e †m hy‡Mi L„óvb wPš—vwe` I Ck¦i
†cÖgx MY KZ©…K M„nxZ n‡qwQj| hxïi wk¶v‡K MÖxK g‡bvfvevcbœ
(Hellenise) Kivi Av‡›`vj‡bi ˆkke Ae¯’vq Ges hLb hxïi eû
AbymvixB m‡PZb wQ‡jb †h hxï Bqvû`x‡ì Kv‡Q gymv Av. Gi cÖPvwiZ
ag© cybi“×vi I we¯—v‡ii R‡b¨B G‡mwQ‡jb, ZLwb G MÖšw’ U iwPZ nq|
hxïi b¨vq ZvivI wQ‡jb AvPviwbô Bqvû`x| wKš‘ hxïi Áv‡bi
Av‡jv‡K Zv‡ì GZw`‡bi weågRwbZ AÜKvi AcmvwiZ nq| Zviv
GLbI Iì †Uóv‡g‡›U wek¦vm †i‡L‡Qb I AbymiY Ki‡Qb| †h‡nZz Òw`
†kdvW©Ó MÖ‡š’ Zviv hv Rvb‡Zb Zv e¨³ n‡qwQj †m Kvi‡Y Zviv
nvigv‡mi MÖš’wU‡K Zv‡ì ag©xq MÖ‡š’i Ask wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb|
†KD †KD hLb G g‡g© ej‡Z ïi“ K‡ib †h, †Kvb L„óv‡biB
Bqvû`x‡ì AvBb †g‡b Pjvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB ZLb wbD †Uóv‡g›U e‡j
cwiwPZ bq wjwLZ evB‡ej, bZzb wbqg Ges Iì †Uóv‡g‡›Ui g‡a¨
we‡iva †`Lv w`‡Z ïi“ K‡i| hv †nvK, Gme we‡iva m‡Ë¡I PvP© KZ©…K
Iì †Uóv‡g›U envj _v‡K| KviY Iì †Uóv‡g›U‡K mivmwi cÖZ¨vL¨vb
Kiv eû †jv‡Ki Kv‡QB ¯^qs hxï‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb wn‡m‡eB MY¨ nIqvi
m¤¢vebv wQj| Gi Awbevh© dj wn‡m‡e †`Lv †`q weåvwš—| GKB mv‡_
Iì †Uóv‡g›U‡K MÖnY I eR©‡bi cvkvcvwk wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui g‡a¨B ¯^-
we‡ivwaZv †`Lv †`q| †h‡nZz Zv cy‡iv‡bvwU‡K mivmwi cÖZ¨vL¨vb bv
K‡iB ÔbZzbÕ n‡qwQj| Z‡e Pv‡P©i †Mvovi w`‡K Gme MÖš’ Ges wewfbœ
gZev` I weeiY m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ nIqvi Rb¨ †m¸‡jvi Zzjbvg~jK
hvPvB I wePv‡ii †Kvb AvbyôvwbK D‡`¨vM †bqv nqwb| cÖ_g w`‡Ki L„ó
mgv‡Ri †bZ…e„›` Aev‡a Zv‡ì ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb Ges
Zv‡ì wePv‡i †hme MÖ‡š’ hxïi wk¶v fvjfv‡e Av‡Q e‡j g‡b nZ
†m¸‡jvi K_vB Zviv D‡j−L Ki‡Zb|
325 L„. wÎZ¡ev‡ì D™¢veb, Zvi iƒc †iLv cÖYqb I AvbyôvwbK
fv‡e MÖn‡Yi Kvi‡Y cjxq Pv‡P©i Kv‡Q G ai‡bi ¯^vaxbZv Avi
MÖnY‡hvM¨ wQj bv| 4wU ¯^xK…Z Mm‡cj wbe©vPb Kiv nq Ges hxïi
R‡b¥i c‡i wjwLZ mKj ag©xq MÖš’ wbwl× Kiv nq| hv †nvK, cjxq
Pv‡P©i †bZ…e„›`, hviv Zv‡ì inm¨gq ag©g‡Zi e¨vcv‡i m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c mš‘ó
wQj bv, hv Gmgq M‡o DVwQj Ges hviv wKQy wbwl× MÖ‡š’i êaZv
¯^xKvi K‡iwQ‡jb, Zviv Pv‡P©i bqv ag©g‡Zi mv‡_ mivmwi we‡ivwaZv
m‡Ë¡I G me MÖ‡š’i K‡qKwU‡K envj ivL‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| Gme MÖš’
GK‡Î R‡ov Kiv nq Ges †m¸‡jv ïay Pv‡P©i ¶gZvai e¨w³‡ì
eënv‡ii g‡a¨B mxwgZ ivLv nq| G¸‡jv cwiwPZ ‘Apocrypha’
bv‡g hvi A_© nj ÒRbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K jywK‡q ivLvÓ| Gici †m¸‡jv
evB‡ej †_‡K AcmviY Kiv nq| †h mKj †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q G me MÖš’
cvIqv wM‡qwQj Zv‡ì mn MÖš’¸‡jv cÖKv‡k¨ aŸsm K‡i †djv nq|
mvgvb¨ wKQy msL¨K Kwc gvÎ G aŸsmKvÛ †_‡K i¶v cvq| evb©vev‡mi
Mm‡c‡ji gZ nvigv‡mi The Shepherd- Gi fv‡MÏ GKB cwiYwZ
N‡U| MÖš’wU wbD †Uóv‡g›U †_‡KI ev` †Ìqv nq| †h‡nZz G MÖš’wUi
Kvi‡Y wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ wb‡`©kcÖvß †jvK‡ì g‡b mskq
†`Lv w`‡qwQj †m Kvi‡Y GwU m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c aŸsm Kivi †Póv Pvjv‡bv nq|
Z‡e G mKj †Póv e¨_© n‡q‡Q e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq| G MÖš’wUi K_v
wewfbœ m~‡Î Dwj−wLZ i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ cvðv‡Zï †KD `xN©Kvj Zv cvV
Ki‡Z m¶g nqwb| AvKw¯§Kfv‡e 1922 L„. G MÖš’wUi GKwU Z…Zxq
kZvãxi c¨vwcivm cvÊywjwc Av‡jvi gyL †`L‡Z cvq|
†`Lv hvq †h nvigv‡mi eëüZ MÖxK wQj GKwU mnR fvlv|
mvaviY gvbyl G fvlv eyS‡Z cviZ| GUv cwi®‹vi †h MÖš’wU mK‡ji K_v
†f‡eB iwPZ n‡qwQj, MY¨gvb¨ eyw×Rxex‡ì R‡b¨ bq| Zuvi fvlv mij
I N‡ivqv Ges Zuvi †gŠwjK cÖKvkf½x eBwU‡K mnR cvV¨ K‡iwQj|
nvigvm Zvi MÖš’wU ïi“ K‡i‡Qb Zvi †`Lv PviwU ¯^‡cœi weeiY
w`‡q| †kl ¯^cœwU‡K wZwb AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb cÖZ¨v‡`k cÖvwß e‡j
†h‡nZz G mgq †glcvj‡Ki †cvkv‡K mw¾Z GK ¯^M©xq `~Z Zuvi Kv‡Q
G‡mwQ‡jb| ¯^M©xq `~Z Zuv‡K ÁvZ K‡ib †h, Ôme©v‡c¶v m¤§vwbZ ¯^M©xq
`~ZÕ (A_©vr Mvweª‡qj) Zv‡K Zuvi Kv‡Q †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb| nvigvm hZw`b
RxweZ _vK‡eb ZZw`b wZwbI Zvi mv‡_ _vK‡eb|
Gici ¯^M©xq `~Z nvigvm‡K ÔmKj wb‡`©kvejx I ag©g‡Zi e¨vL¨vÕ
wjwce× Kivi wb‡`©k †`b| †h‡nZz ¯^M©xq `~Z KZ©…K G¸‡jv wjwce×
Kivi wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡qwQj Ges D³ ¯^M©xq `~Z‡K wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb
Ôme©v‡c¶v m¤§vwbZ ¯^M©xq `~ZÕ †m Kvi‡Y ZrKvjxb L„óvbMY G MÖš’‡K
Hkx MÖš’ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i|
nvigvm †h me wb‡`©kvejx wjwce× Kivi wb‡`©k cÖvß n‡qwQ‡jb
†m¸‡jv wbæiƒc :
1
me©cÖ_‡gB wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e †h Ck¦i GK Ges wZwb mewKQy m„wó
K‡i‡Qb Ges †m¸‡jv‡K msMwVZ K‡i‡Qb, wZwb Qvov Avi †Kvb mªóv
†bB, wZwb me wKQy‡K aviY K‡ib wKš‘ wZwb wb‡R aviYK…Z bb| Zuv‡K
wek¦vm Ki I fq Ki Ges Zuv‡K fq K‡i AvZ¥-mshgx nI| G Av‡`k
gvb¨ Ki Ges wb‡Ri mKj `yó cÖe„wË `~i Ki, Ges mr I b¨vqcivqY
nI| Av‡`k gvb¨ Ki‡j Zzwg Ck¦‡ii mvwbœa¨ jvf Ki‡e|
2
wek¦¯— I mijgbv nI|
Kv‡iv m¤ú‡K© g›` K_v ej‡e bv Ges †KD ej‡jI Zv‡Z KY©cvZ Ki‡e
bv|
b¨vqwbô nI Ges gy³n‡¯— `vb Ki|
3
mZ¨‡K fv‡jvevm|
4
cweÎ nI| ïay Kv‡R bq, wPš—vqI cweÎ n‡Z n‡e|
5
mwnòy I âh©kxj nI| Ck¦i âh©kxj wKš‘ kqZvb Amwnòy|
6
hv mZ¨ †mUvB wek¦vm Ki| hv mZ¨ bq Zv wek¦vm Ki bv| b¨v‡qi c_
mnR I mij wKš‘ Ab¨‡ì c_ euvKv| gvby‡li mv‡_ `yÕRb ¯^M©xq `~Z
Av‡Q, GKRb b¨v‡qi wnmve iv‡L Ab¨Rb Ab¨v‡qi|
7
Ck¦i‡K fq Ki I Zuvi Av‡`k †g‡b Pj|
8
Ab¨v‡qi e¨vcv‡i wbR‡K mseiY Ki, Ab¨vq Ki bv| Z‡e b¨v‡qi
e¨vcv‡i wbqš¿Y Av‡ivc Ki bv| hv mwVK ZvB Ki| mKj Amr KvR
†_‡K wbR‡K mshZ Ki Ges mZ¨ c_ AbymiY Ki|
9
wb‡Ri gb †_‡K m‡›`n `~i Ki| †Kvb mskq Qvov Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q PvI
Ges Zzwg me wKQy cv‡e| Ck¦i gvby‡li b¨vq Cl©v civqY bb, wZwb
¶gvkxj Ges Zuvi m„wói cÖwZ Ki“Yvkxj| myZivs RvMwZK Me©- `¤¢
†_‡K ü`q‡K gy³ Ki|
10
gb †_‡K `ytL‡eva `~i Ki, KviY Zv m‡›`n I †µv‡ai m‡nvìv ¯îƒc|
11
†h fÊ bexi mv‡_ Avjvc civgk© K‡i †m g~wZ©c~RK I mZ¨ wePz¨Z|
nvigvm ¯^M©xq `~‡Zi Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z Pvb †h Kxfv‡e GKRb mZ¨ I wg_¨v
bex‡K †Pbv hv‡e| Rev‡e wZwb Rvbvb, whwb bex wZwb n‡eb f`ª, bgª I
webqx| wZwb mKj Amr KvR †_‡K weiZ _vK‡eb| Zvi †Kvb RvMwZK
AvK•Lv _vK‡e bv| wZwb wb‡Ri †Kvb K_v ej‡eb bv... Ck¦i hLb
PvB‡eb ZLwb wZwb K_v ej‡eb........ Ck¦i me©kw³gvb|
GKRb wg_¨v bex wb‡RB wb‡Ri cÖksmv Ki‡e Ges wb‡Ri R‡b¨
D”Pvmb PvB‡e| †m n‡e `y`©vš—, wbj©¾ I evPvj| †m wejvm e¨m‡bi
g‡a¨ _vK‡e Ges Zvi bex‡Z¡i R‡b¨ cvwikÖwgK MÖnY Ki‡e| †Kvb
cweÎ AvZ¥v wK bex‡Z¡i R‡b¨ cvwikÖwgK MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib? wg_¨v bex
mr †jvK‡ì cwinvi K‡i Ges bx‡P Zv‡ì mv‡_B mswk−ó _v‡K hviv
m‡›`n cÖeY I `vw¤¢K| †m Zv‡ì Kv‡Q me©`v g‡bviÄbKi wg_¨v K_v
e‡j| GKwU k~b¨ cvÎ Ab¨ k~b¨ cv‡Îi g‡a¨ ivLv n‡j †f‡O hvq bv,
eis Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK HK¨ I m¤úÖxwZ jw¶Z nq| GKwU cv_i
nv‡Z wb‡q AvKv‡ki w`‡K Quy‡o `vI, †`L Zv AvKvk Quy‡Z cv‡i wKbv|
RvMwZK e¯‘mg~n A¶g I `ye©j| Ab¨w`‡K Hkx kw³‡K MÖnY Ki|
GKwU wkjv ¶z`ª e¯‘, wKš‘ Zv hLb gvby‡li gv_vi Dci c‡o ZLb KZ
bv hš¿Yv †`q| A_ev †`L, Qv‡ì Dci †_‡K cvwbi †duvUv gvwU‡Z c‡o
wgwj‡q hvq| A_P GB cvwbi †duvUv c‡o c‡oB cv_‡ii ey‡K MZ© m„wó
nq| myZivs Hkx kw³ AZ¨š— kw³kvjx|
12
gb †_‡K mKj Amr B”Qv `~i Ki Ges mr I cweÎ B”Qvq gb‡K
mw¾Z Ki| Ck¦i gvby‡li ¯^v‡_©B we‡k¦ m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Ck¦i‡cÖgx e¨w³
me wKQyi AwaKvix n‡e| Ck¦‡ii GKRb `v‡mi gZ AvPiY Ki| hviv
Ck¦‡ii `vm, kqZvb Zv‡ì KeRv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| kqZvb Zv‡ì mv‡_
jovB Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ cZb NUv‡Z cv‡i bv|1
cÂg Aa¨vq
evb©vevm I Avw` L„óvbMY
evb©vevm ev evi-†be kãwUi A_© Ômvš—¡bvi cyÎÕ ev Ô†cÖiYvi cyÎÕ| evb©vevm
wQ‡jb GKRb Bqvû`x| wZwb mvBcÖv‡m Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi bvg wQj
†Rv‡mm ev †Rv‡md| Zuvi evb©vevm bvgwU hxïi wkl¨‡ì †Ìqv| hwÌ
4wU Mm‡c‡j Zuvi m¤ú‡K© mvgvb¨B D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ wbD
†Uóv‡g‡›Ui Aš—f©y³ Ab¨vb¨ MÖš’ †_‡K cÖgvY †g‡j †h hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci
wZwb Zuvi wkl¨‡ì †bZv n‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb †mB e¨w³ whwb m‡e©vcwi hxïi
cÖK…Z wk¶v AweKj fv‡e wUwK‡q ivLvi cÖ‡Póv Pvjvb Ges we‡kl K‡i
Uvim‡mi cj mn Ab¨vb¨‡ì bZzb wKQy ms‡hvR‡bi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib|
j~K, whwb Ô†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh©Õ (Acts of the Apostles) wj‡LwQ‡jb, wZwb
wQ‡jb c‡ji e¨w³MZ wPwKrmK Ges wZwb c‡ji `„wófw½B e¨³ K‡i‡Qb|
G †_‡KB eySv hvq †Kb wZwb ïay c‡ji Kvwnwb eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡qB
evb©vev‡mi K_v D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| `yf©vM¨µ‡g cjxq PvP© GKmgq hLb
wÎZ¡ev` MÖnY K‡i ZLb G gZev‡ì we‡ivax mKj cÖgvY wbwðý Kivi
†Póv Kv‡j The Travels and teachings of the Apostles- Gi
gZ MÖš’I aŸsm K‡i †djv nq| d‡j evb©vevm I Avw` L„óvb‡ì m¤ú‡K©
AwaKvsk MÖš’B wejyß nq| wÎZ¡ev`‡ì GB bxwZi Kvi‡YB 4wU M„nxZ
Mm‡cj †_‡K Avðh©RbK fv‡e hxïi ag©cÖPvi Kvjxb mg‡q evb©vev‡mi
D‡j−L cvIqv hvq bv| G Kvi‡YB, j~‡Ki g‡Z hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci Zuvi
wkl¨ I Abymvix‡ì †bZ…Z¡`v‡bi †hvM¨Zv †h evb©vevm Qvov wØZxq Avi
Kv‡iv wQj bv, †m evb©vevm wb‡R, c‡ji mv‡_ gZwe‡iva I m½Z¨v‡Mi
ciciB BwZnv‡mi cvZv †_‡K nvwi‡q hvq|
hxïi ag©cÖPv‡ii †Mvov †_‡KB evb©vevm Zuvi m‡½ wQ‡jb| Zuvi
Mm‡cj †_‡K hxïi cÖwZ Zuvi AZzjbxq AvbyMZ¨ I fv‡jvevmvi cÖgvY
cvIqv hvq| evb©vevm ïay hxïi mve©¶wYK mnPiB wQ‡jb bv- wZwb Zuvi
gnvb wk¶v AvZ¥¯’ I ¯§iY †i‡LwQ‡jb| wZwb AZ¨íKv‡ji g‡a¨B we‡kl
L¨vwZ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb, KviY wZwb hxïi KvQ †_‡K jä wk¶v Ab¨‡ì
Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z m¶g wQ‡jb| hxïi wkl¨ I Abymvixiv Zuv‡K bvg
w`‡qwQ‡jb Zv †_‡K e³v wnmv‡e Zuvi kw³gËvi Bw½Z cvIqv hvq| wZwb
wQ‡jb mvš—¡bv I Drmv‡ni Drm| wZwb wQ‡jb wek¦¯— I D`vi| hxïi mv‡_
mv¶v‡Zi ci wZwb Zuvi mKj m¤ú` wewµ K‡i †`b Ges †m A_© hxïi
Abymvix‡ì eënv‡ii R‡b¨ cÖ`vb K‡ib| Zuv‡K †h me bvg †Ìqv
n‡qwQj wZwb Zvi me¸‡jv‡ZB cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| G †_‡K Zuvi cÖwZ hxï I
Zuvi wkl¨‡ì †øn I fv‡jvevmvi cwiPq †g‡j| hxïi wklïv RyWv‡mi
¯’‡j Ggb GKRb‡K wbe©vP‡bi wm×vš— †bb whwb GKev‡i R‡bi `xw¶Z
Kivi mgq †_‡K hxïi mve©¶wYK mnPi wQ‡jb| Zviv G R‡b¨ `yÕRb‡K
g‡bvbxZ K‡ib| GKRb n‡jb †hv‡md hv‡K evb©vevm ejv nZ| Zvi Avi
GK bvg wQj Rvóvm (Justus) Ab¨Rb n‡jb : g¨vw_qvm (†cÖwiZ `~Z‡ì
Kvh© 1t 22-23)| hxïi RxebKv‡j Zuvi m½x wnmv‡e wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U †h
†hv‡m‡di K_v D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q, wZwb evb©vevm Qvov Avi †KD bb|
KviY Gmgq ïaygvÎ Zv‡KB †hv‡md bv‡g WvKv nZ| ¸W¯úxW e‡jb,
myZivs mKj m¤¢vebv hvi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i wZwb evb©vevm, †Kbbv fqsKi
wel cvb K‡iI Zvi †Kvb Amyweav nqwb| hw` ZvB nq, Zvn‡j GUvB
cÖZxqgvb nq †h evb©vevm hw` hxïi cÖ_g mvwii 12 Rb wk‡lï GKRb
bvI n‡q _v‡Kb Z‡e cÖ_g 70 Rb wk‡lï g‡a¨ Aek¨B wZwb GKRb
wQ‡jb| Avmj NUbv nj, hxïi g~j Øv`k wk‡lï g‡a¨ cÖ_g wk‡lï gh©v`v
jv‡fi h‡_ó †hvM¨Zv Zuvi wQj| Gi mg_©b †g‡j wb‡æv³ NUbv †_‡K|
hxïi gvZv †gix hLb g„Zz¨kh¨vq kvwqZ ZLb wZwb 12 Rb wk‡lï
mKj‡KB †W‡K cvVvb| hviv G‡mwQ‡jb, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ evb©vevm wQ‡jb
Ab¨Zg| Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi wK¬‡g›U I (Clement of Alexandria) me
mgqB evb©vevm‡K 12 Rb wk‡lï GKRb wn‡m‡e D‡j−L K‡i †M‡Qb|
GgbwU n‡Z cv‡i †h hxï G‡mbx m¤úÖ`vq KZ©…K jvwjZ cvwjZ n‡qwQ‡jb
Ges Rvbv hvq †h evb©vevm †mKv‡ji †Muvov Bqvû`xev‡ì †kÖôZg wk¶K
Rvgvwj‡qj (Gamaliel)- Gi GKRb QvÎ wQ‡jb| myZivs hxï
evb©vev‡mi mv¶v‡Zi A_© wQj GB †h, G‡mbx‡ì inm¨gq Aa¨vZ¥ev`x
wk¶v I gw›`‡ii †Muvov Bqvû`xev‡ì mgš^q N‡UwQj| wbtm‡›`‡n Zv
Df‡qi †ga¨ m¤úÖxwZ m„wó‡Z Ae`vb †i‡LwQj| †h‡nZz evb©vevm wQ‡jb
GKRb †jfxq cy‡ivwnZ †m Kvi‡Y wZwb ag©cÖvY †hv×v‡ì (Zealots)
GKwU wWwfk‡bi KgvÛvi n‡q _vK‡Z cv‡ib|
evb©vevm m¤ú‡K© Lye mvgvb¨B Rvbv hvq| me©‡kl HwZnvwmK M‡elYvq
ax‡i ax‡i Zuvi e¨vcv‡i AwaKZi ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc Kiv n‡”Q †h‡nZz wZwb
wQ‡jb hxïi mve©¶wYK mnPi| GLb GKUv wel‡q mK‡jB GKgZ †h
hxïi Ôjvó mvcviÕ ev †kl mÜ¨v †fvR evb©vev‡mi †ev‡bi evwo‡ZB AbywôZ
n‡qwQj|
AvjevU© †kv‡qBURvi (Albert Sehweitzer) Òw` wKsWg Ae MW
A¨vÛ wcÖwgwUfwµwðqvb wewjdÓ MÖ‡š’ wj‡L‡Qb :
†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© (Acts) †_‡K G wm×vš— MÖnY Kiv hvq †h hxïi wkl¨
I M¨vjxwji wek¦vm ¯’vcbKvixiv Rb gv‡K©i gv‡qi evwo‡Z wgwjZ
n‡qwQ‡jb whwb evb©vevm I c‡ji cÖ_g ag©cÖPvi md‡i Zv‡ì m½x
n‡qwQ‡jb (†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© 12t25) ... Zv‡ì mv¶v‡Zi ¯’vbwU wQj
Dc‡ii Ni A_©vr †hwU Qv‡ì wVK bx‡PB Aew¯’Z wQj| (†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh©
1t 12-14)| hxïi mKj mnP‡ii Dcw¯’wZi d‡j †mwU wQj GK eo
mgv‡ek| GwU wQj †mB K¶ †h K‡¶ Bqvû`x‡ì ce© (Pentecost)
Dcj‡¶ GKB ¯’v‡b mKj wek¦vm ¯’vcbKvix GKÎ n‡qwQ‡jb (†cÖwiZ‡ì
Kvh© 2t1)| hxï †h ¯’v‡b Zvi wkl¨‡ì wb‡q Òjvó mvcviÓ (Last
Supper) G wgwjZ n‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi mv‡_ G ¯’vbwU wK K‡i Awfbœ e‡j
kbv³ Kiv †Mj?
hxï hLb †e_vbx (Bethany) †_‡K Zvi `yÕRb wkl¨‡K Zuvi Rb¨ Bqvû`x
c‡e©i †fvR (Passover) Av‡qvR‡bi wb‡`©k w`‡q kn‡i †cÖiY K‡ib,
ZLb wZwb Zv‡ì e‡jb †h cvwbfiv Kjm enbKvix GK e¨w³ Zv‡ì
mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki‡j Zv‡ì Zv‡K AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e| †mB e¨w³ Zv‡ì
GKwU evwo‡Z wb‡q hv‡eb hvi Dci ZjvwU K¤^j weQv‡bv| †mLv‡bB
Zv‡ì Lvevi cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgiv GB g~jëvb Z_¨wU cvB gv‡K©i
Mm‡cj †_‡K (gvK© 14 : 13-15), hvi Drm n‡jb Rb gvK©| gw_ ïay
GUzKz e‡j‡Qb †h hxï kn‡i KvD‡K Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ `yÕRb wkl¨‡K †cÖiY
K‡ib- ÒcÖfy ej‡jb, Avgvi mgq dzwi‡q G‡m‡Q; Avwg H evwowU‡Z
wkl¨‡ì wb‡q c‡e©i w`b cvjb KieÓ (gw_ 26t8)
w_I‡Wvi hvqb †mB gZ †cvlYKvix‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg cÖ_g whwb e‡jb †h
hxï †h evwo‡Z †kl Lvevi MÖnY K‡ib Zv gv‡K©i gv‡qi evwowUi mv‡_
Awfbœ wQj Ges †mLv‡b hxïi wklïv M¨vjxwj †_‡K AvMZ wek¦vm
¯’vcbKvix‡ì mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡qwQ‡jb| 1
hwÌ †kv‡qBURvi e‡j‡Qb †h †mB evwowU Rb gv‡K©i gv‡qi, wZwb
wKš‘ GK_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`bwb †h gv‡K©i gv wQ‡jb evb©vev‡mi †evb|
‡h‡nZz evb©vevm Zvi hv wKQy m¤ú` wQj Zvi meB wewµ K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb,
†m‡nZz aviYv Kiv nq †h wZwb †Ri“hv‡j‡g _vKvi mgq Zvi †ev‡bi
evwo‡Z h‡_ó eo Ni wQj hv mKj wk‡li ¯’vb msKzjv‡bi Dchy³ wQj|
wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U G me welq my¯úófv‡e D‡j−wLZ bv nIqvi KviY m¤¢eZ
GUvB †h hxïi wklïv Zv‡ì mv¶v‡Zi ¯’vb‡K †Mvcb ivL‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb|
†Kbbv †mUv wQj Ggb GK mgq hLb wb‡R‡ì ag© wek¦v‡mi Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì
Dci wbh©vZb PjwQj|
GLb cÖkœ Rv‡M †h evb©vevm my&¯úófv‡e Zuvi †ev‡bi evwo‡Z †h †Kvb
mgv‡e‡ki †gRevb nIqv m‡Ë¡I M„nxZ 4wU evB‡e‡ji Ôjvó mvcv‡iiÕ
eY©bvq Zuvi bvg D‡j−wLZ nqwb †Kb? nq Zuvi bvg D‡j−wLZ wQj wKš‘ c‡i
AcmviY Kiv n‡q‡Q A_ev †mvRv K_vq wZwb †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb bv|
GUv m¤¢e †h KvivMv‡i _vKvi Kvi‡Y †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z nIqv Zuvi c‡¶
m¤¢e wQj bv| wjwLZ eY©bvq †`Lv hvq, eviveŸvm (Barabbas) bvgK GK
e¨w³ GK`j †jvK wb‡q †ivgvb cš’x Bqvû`x‡ì AvµgY K‡ib| Avi G
msNl© N‡UwQj Bqvû`x ce© Dcj‡¶ Av‡qvwRZ †fv‡Ri AZ¨íKvj c~‡e©|
G msN‡l© Bqvû`x‡ì †bZv wbnZ nb, wKš‘ eviveŸvm AvUK nb I Zv‡K
KvivMv‡i †cÖiY Kiv nq| G msN‡l©i NUbvejx wek`fv‡e cix¶vKvix
†nBbwiL njRg¨vb (Heinrich Holtzman) e‡jb, †MÖdZviK…Z
e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨ weL¨vZ eviveŸvmI wQ‡jb whwb wQ‡jb wbwðZfv‡e GKRb
†`k‡cÖwgK I GKRb ivR‰bwZK ÔbexÕ| hxïi mv‡_ cÖvq GKB mgq ZviI
wePvi AbywôZ nq| 2 †h‡nZz evb©vevm GKRb †jexq cy‡ivwnZ wQ‡jb Ges
hxïi wkl¨‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb cÖavb, †m Kvi‡Y wZwb ag©cÖvY †hv×v‡ì GKwU
wWwfk‡bi cÖavb n‡q _vK‡Z cv‡ib| gi“ mvMi cuyw_ (Dead Sea
Serolls) †_‡K Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi †h, GB 4wU wWwfkb wQj G‡mbx
m¤úÖ`v‡qi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask Ges Zviv we‡`wk AvMÖvmbKvix I Zv‡ì
mg_©K‡ì Kej †_‡K †`k‡K gy³ Ki‡Z A½xKvie× wQj| ïay GK`j
ag©cÖvY †hv×v‡ì c‡¶B †m mgq †ivgvb cš’x Bqvû`x‡ì Dci msMwVZ
AvµgY Pvjv‡bv m¤¢e| myZivs GUv n‡Z cv‡i †h eviveŸvm I evb©vevm GK
Ges Awfbœ e¨w³ wQ‡jb| GUv LyeB m¤¢e †h c‡ji Kvwnwbi Ask bq Ggb
†Kvb NUbvi mv‡_ RwoZ wn‡m‡e evb©vev‡mi bvg D‡j−L _vK‡j cjxq PvP©
Ab¨vb¨ ms‡kvabxi mv‡_ Zv nq AcmviY, bq cwieZ©b K‡i‡Q| Zviv G
cÖwµqv mKj †¶‡Î AbymiY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb, KviY wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U
evb©vev‡mi D‡j−L¨ i‡q‡Q| †cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© †_‡K Rvbv hvq, Pv‡P©i †Mvovi
w`‡Ki w`b¸‡jv‡Z evb©vevm cj‡K †h mg_©b w`‡qwQj, wZwb †mUv bv
Ki‡j L„ó a‡g©i BwZnv‡m c‡ji †Kvb ¯’vb _vKZ wKbv m‡›`n|
hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci Zvi wbKU Abymvix‡ì fv‡M¨ wK N‡UwQj, †m
e¨vcv‡i ‡Kvb weeiY cvIqv hvq bv| g‡b nq hxïi Kw_Z µzkwe× nIqvi
ci Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB wewfbœ w`‡K Qwo‡q c‡owQ‡jb| wKQyKvj c‡i Zviv
†Ri“hv‡j‡g Avevi R‡ov n‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| 12 Rb wkl¨ Ges 70 Rb
Nwbô Abymvixi g‡a¨ KZRb wd‡i G‡mwQ‡jb Zv Rvbv hvq bv| GUv
wbwðZ †h hviv wd‡i G‡mwQ‡jb Zviv wQ‡jb wek¦vmx, Avš—wiK I mvnmx
Ges hxïi R‡b¨ Zv‡ì wQj myMfxi fv‡jvevmv| hxïi Nwbô mnPi wn‡m‡e
evb©vev‡mi Ae¯’vb wkl¨‡ì †QvU `jwUi g‡a¨ Zv‡K wewkó K‡i Zz‡jwQj|
Zviv Bqvû`x wn‡m‡eB Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Zb Ges hxï Zv‡ì †h wk¶v
w`‡qwQ‡jb Zv cvjb Ki‡Zb| Zviv bexM‡Yi weavb AbymiY Ki‡Zb hv
ÒaŸsm bq, cwic~Y© Kivi Rb¨BÓ hxï AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jb (gw_ 5 : 17)|
†m Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì Kv‡iv Kv‡QB hxïi wk¶v bZzb †Kvb ag© wQj bv| Zviv
wQ‡jb ag©wbô Bqvû`x Ges cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì mv‡_ Zv‡ì cv_©K¨ wQj hxïi
cÖPvwiZ evYx‡Z Zv‡ì wek¦vm| †Mvovi w`‡Ki GB w`b¸‡jv‡Z Zviv
wb‡R‡ì GKwU c„_K m¤úÖ`vq wn‡m‡e msMwVZ K‡ibwb Ges Zv‡ì †Kvb
wmbvMMI (Bqvû`x‡ì Dcvmbvjq) wQj bv| gymv Av. cÖPvwiZ a‡g©iB
Ae¨vnZ I cybe©¨³ iƒc| †h mKj Bqvû`x gymv Av. Gi evYx‡K wb‡R‡ì
¯^v_© nvwm‡ji R‡b¨ eënvi KiwQj Ges hviv kw¼Z n‡q c‡owQj †h hxïi
Abymvix‡ì mg_©‡bi A_© n‡e Awbevh©iƒ‡c wb‡R‡ì m¤ú`, kw³ I
Ae¯’v‡bi R‡b¨ ¶wZKi, †m me Bqvû`x‡ì Kvi‡YB hxïi Abymvix I
Bqvû`x‡ì g‡a¨ msNl© ïi“ nq| D”P †kÖwYi Bqvû`xiv Zv‡ì we‡kl ¯^v_©
I kZ kZ eQi a‡i fvMK…Z my‡hvM myweav i¶vi R‡b¨ †ivgvb‡ì mv‡_
Pzw³‡Z Ave× n‡qwQj| Gi d‡j Zviv GgbwK wb‡R‡ì ag© †_‡KI m‡i
wM‡qwQj| hv‡ì K_v I Kv‡Ri d‡j Zv‡ì K…ZKg© cÖKvk n‡q covi
AvksKv wQj, Ggb e¨w³‡ì Dci wbh©vZb Pvjv‡bvi R‡b¨ G me Bqvû`x
†ivgvb‡ì mwµqfv‡e mg_©b w`‡qwQj| ZvB †`Lv †hZ †h hxïi GKRb
Abymvix hLb Zuv‡K MÖnY K‡i‡Q, †mLv‡b GKRb Bqvû`x Zv‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb
Ki‡Q| GKw`‡K †ivgvbiv Zv‡ì ivR‰bwZK kw³i cÖwZ ûgwK e‡j
Zv‡ì Zvov K‡i wdiZ, Ab¨w`‡K wb‡R‡ì Ôag©xq KZ©„ZÕ¡ Le© n‡e G
AvksKvq Bqvû`xivI Zv‡ì Luy‡R †eovZ|
cieZ©x eQi¸‡jv‡Z hxï‡K ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z Awb”QyK Bqvû`x I hxïi
Abymvix‡ì ga¨Kvi eëavb e¨vcKfv‡e e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| 70 m‡b
†Ri“hv‡jg Ae‡iv‡ai mgq hxïi Abymvixiv bMi Z¨vM K‡i| 132 m‡b
evi †KvqvPvev (Bar Coachaba) we‡`ªv‡ni mgqI GKB NUbv N‡U|
hxïi Avwef©ve Zuvi êwkó¨ I Ck¦‡ii mv‡_ m¤ú‡K©i welq
cieZ©xKv‡j wecyj Av‡jvPbv- e¨vL¨vi Drm n‡jI Zuvi Avw` Abymvix‡ì
g‡a¨ G me e¨vcv‡i †Kvb cÖkœ †`Lv †`qwb| hxï wQ‡jb GKRb gvbyl whwb
wQ‡jb GKRb bex Ges GgbB GK e¨w³ whwb Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q †_‡K A‡bK
wKQy jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| Zviv †Kvb cÖkœ QvovB Zuv‡K MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| hxïi
K_vq ev c„w_ex‡Z Zuvi Ae¯’vbKvjxb Rxe‡b Ggb wKQy wQj bv hv‡Z G
aviYvi †Kvb e¨Z¨q nq| AvwióvBWm (Aristides) Gi g‡Z, †Mvovi
w`‡Ki L„óvbiv Bqvû`x‡ì PvB‡Z A‡bK †ewk cwigv‡Y G‡Kk¦iev`x wQj|
GB wek¦¯— Abymvix P‡µi g‡a¨B Uvim‡mi cj ev †cŠj (Paul of
Tursus) wePiY K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb KL‡bvB hxïi mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡ibwb,
wKsev hxïi Nwbô wkl¨‡ì Kv‡iv mv‡_B wZwb mswk−ó wQ‡jb bv| eis
hxïi GKRb eo kÎ“ wn‡m‡eB wZwb cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| wZwb wó‡db
(Stephen) Gi cÖwZ cv_i wb‡¶c mZK© `„wó‡Z cÖZ¨¶ K‡iwQ‡jb|
wó‡db wQ‡jb ag© I cweÎ AvZ¥vq, (Holy ghost) c~Y© wek¦vmx
(†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© 6t 5) Ges †mB µgea©gvb msL¨K f³‡ì GKRb whwb
hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci Zuvi Abymvix‡ì mv‡_ †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb| c‡ji wb‡Ri
wk¶K Rvgvwj‡qj wó‡db‡K i¶v Kivi †Póv Ki‡j Zv‡KI cv_i Quy‡o
nZ¨v Kiv nq| Rvbv hvq †h cj, hv‡K ZLb mj (Saul) e‡j WvKv nZ,
†m mgq Pv‡P©i wei“‡× cÖPÊ AZ¨vPvi Pvjv‡bvi R‡b¨ `vqx wQ‡jb| wZwb
wMR©v¸‡jv aŸsm K‡ib Ges N‡i N‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i bvix I cyi“l‡ì †U‡b
wnuP‡o †ei K‡i G‡b KvivMv‡i e›`x wn‡m‡e wb‡¶c K‡ib (†cÖwiZ‡ì
Kvh© 8 : 1-3)| c‡ji wb‡Ri ¯^xKv‡ivw³ :
ÒAvcbviv ï‡b‡Qb ......... wK cÖPÊ AZ¨vPvi Avwg Pvwj‡qwQ Ck¦‡ii
Pv‡P©i Dci Ges †m¸‡jv‡K aŸsm K‡iwQÑ Avwg Avgvi ¯^‡`kxq A‡b‡Ki
PvB‡Z Bqvû`x a‡g©i KvQ †_‡K jvfevb n‡qwQ, KviY Avwg Avgvi
c~e©cyi“l‡ì PvB‡ZI A‡bK †ewk ag©vÜ|
(MvjvZxqvÝ (Galatians) 1 : 13-15)
Ges †cÖwiZ cyi“l‡ì Kvh© 9t 41- G G m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q :
cj hxïi Abymvix‡ì ûgwK cÖ`vb I nZ¨v Pvwj‡q †h‡Z _vK‡jb|
wZwb cÖavb cy‡ivwn‡Zi Kv‡Q †M‡jb Ges Zvi Kv‡Q `v‡gk‡Ki wmbvMM
¸‡jvi Kv‡Q wPwV wj‡L †Ìqvi Av‡e`b Rvbv‡jb hv‡Z hxïi Abymvix
KvD‡K cvIqv †M‡j Zv †m bvix ev cyi“l †hB †nvK bv †Kb, Zv‡K †hb
†Ri“hv‡j‡g wb‡q Avm‡Z cv‡ib|
GB `v‡gkK hvÎvc‡_ cj hxï‡K ¯^‡cœ †`‡LwQ‡jb Ges cwiYwZ‡Z
Zuvi Abymvix‡Z cwiYZ n‡qwQ‡jb e‡j Kw_Z Av‡Q|
Gme NUbvejx msNwUZ nIqvi wKQy w`b Av‡M cj †cvwcqv (Ppea)
bvwg GK gwnjv‡K we‡q Kivi B”Qv cÖKvk K‡ib| GB gwnjv wQ‡jb
Bqvû`x‡ì m‡e©v”P cy‡ivwn‡Zi AvKl©Yxq I D”PvKv•¶x Kb¨v| wZwb cj‡K
cQ›` Kiv m‡Ë¡I Zvi we‡qi cÖ¯—ve cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib I †iv‡g wM‡q
Awf‡bÎx nb|
gÂ †_‡K av‡c av‡c Zvi DbœwZ n‡Z _v‡K Ges GK ch©v‡q wZwb
mgªvU bx‡ivi kh¨v ch©š— †cuŠ‡Q hvb| †kl ch©š— wZwb Zv‡K we‡q K‡ib I
†ivg mvgªv‡Rï mgªvÁx nb| myZivs Bqvû`x I †ivgvb Df‡qi cÖwZB c‡ji
weZ…òv n‡q IVvi msMZ KviY wQj| g~jZ †cvwcqv KZ©…K cÖZ¨vL¨vZ
nIqvi ciB cj ag©vš—wiZ nb| †m mgq wZwb AZ¨š— Av‡eMZvwoZ I
gvbwmK wech©qKi Ae¯’vi g‡a¨ wQ‡jb| Bqvû`x a‡g©i Ab¨Zg †kÖô
mg_©K nIqvi cwie‡Z© wZwb †h GK weivU kÎ“‡Z cwiYZ nb Zvi †cQ‡b
m¤¢eZ Zvi Rxe‡bi GB msK‡Ui GKwU f~wgKv wQj|
ag©vš—wiZ nIqvi ci cj `v‡gk‡K hxïi Abymvix‡ì mv‡_ Ae¯’vb
K‡ib Ges Òmivmwi wmbvMM¸‡jv‡Z Mgb K‡i hxï Ck¦‡ii cyÎÓ e‡j
cÖPvi Ki‡Z _v‡Kb (†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© 9 : 20)| Gi djkÖ“wZ‡Z wZwb
AZ¨vPv‡ii ¯^v` jvf Ki‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jb hvi mv‡_ wbKU AZx‡Z wZwb
wb‡RB RwoZ wQ‡jb| hw` wZwb hxïi eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q mZ¨B Zuv‡K
ÔCk¦‡ii cyÎÕ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j m¤¢eZ Zv Bqvû`x‡ì
µz× K‡i †Zvjvq mnvqK n‡qwQj| †h‡nZz Zviv wQj Ck¦‡ii GK‡Z¡
wek¦vmx †m Kvi‡Y Ck¦‡ii GKwU cyÎ _vKvi aviYvwU Zv‡ì Kv‡Q AZ¨š—
N„Y¨ wQj|
Gici cj `v‡gkK Z¨vM K‡ib| wZwb hxïi Ab¨vb¨ Abymvix‡ì
mvnPh© mÜv‡bi cwie‡Z© Avi‡ei gi“f~wg‡Z Mgb K‡ib| †mLv‡b wZwb 3
eQi jywK‡q _v‡Kb| Lye m¤¢eZ G wbR©bev‡mB wZwb hxïi cÖPvwiZ wk¶vi
wfwË‡Z wbR¯^ GKwU iƒc ˆZwii KvR ïi“ K‡ib| Gi g‡a¨ wQj Bqvû`x
AvBb cÖZ¨vL¨vb| hxï Zuvi Rxebe¨vcx GKRb AvPviwbô Bqvû`xB wQ‡jb
Ges wZwb gymv Av. Gi wk¶v‡KB me©`v mgybœZ †i‡LwQ‡jb| wKš‘ cj G
mZ¨‡K A¯^xKvi K‡ib|
gi“f~wgi wbR©bevm †k‡l cj †Ri“hv‡j‡g ag© cÖPviK‡ì Kv‡Q
AvMgb K‡ib| Zuvi AvKw¯§K AvMg‡bi NUbv we¯§q m„wói PvB‡Z m‡›`n
m„wó K‡i †ewk| cj hxïi Abymvix‡ì cÖwZ †h wbh©vZb Pvwj‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi
¯§„wZ ZLbI Zv‡ì g‡b RvMi“K wQj| GKwU wPZvevN wK Zvi kix‡ii
`vM cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i? hxïi wkl¨‡ì c‡¶ cj‡K Zv‡ì g‡a¨ MÖnY
Kivi †Kvb KviY wQj bv| wZwb †h Zv‡ì Dci wbh©vZb Pvwj‡qwQ‡jb ïay
ZvB bq, wZwb Av‡iv `vwe K‡iwQ‡jb †h hxïi wk¶v m¤ú‡K© wZwb ÁvZ
A_P wZwb Zuv‡K †Kvb w`b †`‡Lbwb I Zuvi mv‡_ KL‡bvB Ae¯’vb
K‡ibwb| GgbwK hxïi Nwbô wkl¨‡ì mv‡_I wZwb KL‡bv _v‡Kbwb|
hxïi RxweZKv‡j hviv Zuvi Nwbô mvnPh© †c‡qwQ‡jb, Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K
wKQy Rvbv I †kLvi e`‡j cj Zv‡ì wk¶v cÖ`vb Ki‡Z PvB‡jb| cj
c‡i MvjvZxq‡ì Kv‡Q †jLv Zvi wPwVc‡Î Zvi G c`‡¶‡ci †hŠw³KZv
eY©bv K‡i e‡jb :
fvBme, Avwg G g‡g© cÖZ¨qb KiwQ †h Avgvi Øviv cÖPvwiZ Mm‡cj
†Kvb gbyl¨ iwPZ bq| Avwg †Kvb gvby‡li KvQ †_‡K GwU jvf Kwiwb
wKsev †KD Avgv‡K GUv wk¶vI †`qwb, GwU nj hxïi cÖZ¨v‡`k †_‡K
cÖvß| (MvjvZxq 1 : 10-12)
Gfv‡eB cj hxïi mv‡_ wb‡Ri m¤ú„³Zvi `vwe K‡ib hv hxïi
RxerKvwjb Nwbô Abymvixiv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQ‡jb| cj Zv‡K †h wk¶v
†`qv n‡qwQ e‡j `vwe K‡ib Zv ¯^qs hxïi gyL †_‡K ag© cÖPviK‡ì †kvbv
wk¶vi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`Lv nqwb| GUv †evSv hvq †h Zviv ag©vš—‡ii
e¨vcv‡i m‡›`n †cvlY K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Zvi Kw_Z ÒcÖZ¨v‡`kÓ †K
wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡j MY¨ K‡ibwb| A‡b‡K m¤¢eZ m‡›`n K‡iwQ‡jb †h wZwb
hxï Abymvixi QÙ‡e‡k ¸ßPi Pvov Avi wKQy bb| 3 cj‡K MÖnY Kiv n‡e
wKbv G wb‡q GK wZ³ we‡iv‡ai m„wó nq Ges Gi djvdj wQj c~e©
wba©vwiZ| GgZve¯’vq Rvgvwj‡q‡ji QvÎ wn‡m‡e evb©vevm Zvi mncvVx
c‡ji c‡¶ n¯—‡¶c I cÖPviYv ïi“ K‡ib| hxïi Abymvix‡ì Zvi
mncvVx c‡ji c‡¶ n¯—‡¶c I cÖPviYv ïi“ K‡ib| hxïi Abymvix‡ì
me©m¤§Z we‡ivwaZv m‡Ë¡I wZwb cj‡K Zv‡ì Øviv MÖnY Kivb| G †_‡K
ag© cÖPviK‡ì Dci evb©vev‡mi cÖfv‡ei gvÎv Ges hxïi RxweZ _vKv
Ae¯’vq Zuvi mv‡_ Zvi myMfxi NwbôZvi Avfvm cvIqv hvq| cj Aek¨B
G K_v Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb †h ïaygvÎ evb©vev‡mi KZ©…Z¡ I ¶gZvi e‡jB
wZwb M„nxZ n‡q‡Qb, wb‡Ri cÖ‡Póvq bq| Gi d‡j m¤¢eZ wZwb Amš‘ó
n‡qwQ‡jb| ZvB, G NUbvi ci ciB wZwb †h Zvi wb‡Ri kni Uvim‡m
wd‡i hvIqvi wm×vš— wb‡qwQ‡jb m¤¢eZ Zvi Ab¨Zg KviY wQj GUvB|
Aek¨ G K_vI Rvbv hvq †h Zvi Rxeb wec`vcbœ nIqvi Kvi‡YB wZwb
†Ri“hv‡jg Z¨vM K‡ib|
†ivgvb Bqvû`x‡ì wbh©vZ‡bi Kvi‡Y hxïi eû Abymvix †`‡ki wewfbœ
¯’v‡b Qwo‡q wQwU‡q c‡ob| cj I Zvi Abymvix‡ì wbh©vZ‡bi nvZ †_‡K
†invB cvIqvi R‡b¨ ag© cÖPviK Gw›UI‡Ki (Antioch) D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv
K‡ib| ZrKvjxb †ivgvb mvgªv‡R¨ †ivg I Av‡jvKRvw›`ªqvi ci Gw›UIK
wQj Z…Zxq e„nËg bMix| GK mgq Zv wQj MÖxK mvgªv‡Rï ivRavbx Ges
eëmv I evwYR¨ †K›`ª wnmv‡e bMiwU weKwkZ n‡qwQj| m¤ú‡ì cÖPv‡h©
ùxZ RbMY wejvmx n‡q I‡V| wkMwMiB Zv‡ì AatcZb N‡U Ges
Gw›UIK ˆbwZKZvnxb RxebhvÎvi bMix e‡j KzL¨vwZ jvf K‡i| GiKg
GKwU bM‡i Mv‡q ïay K¤^j Rov‡bv ¶z`ª GK`j AvMš‘K mnR, mij I
mZZvc~Y© Ck¦i fxwZc~Y© Rxeb hvcb ïi“ K‡i| ˆbwZKZvnxb Rxeb hvc‡b
K¬vš— bMievmxiv Zv‡ì cÖwZ AvK…ó n‡q wfo Rgv‡Z ïi“ K‡i| wKš‘
AwaKvsk †jv‡Ki Kv‡QB Zviv wQj AeÁv I Dcnv‡mi cvÎ| Gme
bMievmx Zv‡ì ÔL„óvbÕ e‡j WvKZ| mvgvb¨ wKQy †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q G kãwU
wQj kÖ×ve¨vÄK, wKš‘ Abïv G kãwU‡K N„Yv I AeÁv KiZ| G mgq
ch©š— hxïi Abymvixiv bvRvwiwb (Nazarene) bv‡gB cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| wneªy
G kãwUi g~j A_© Òi¶v Kiv ev ÔcÖniv †Ìqv|Õ G fv‡eB G we‡klYwU
hxïi wk¶vi i¶K I AwffveK wnmv‡e Zv‡ì f~wgKvi Bw½Z enb
KiwQj|
jvB‡ewbqvm (Libanius) e‡j‡Qb †h Gw›UI‡Ki Bqvû`xiv w`‡b
wZbevi cÖv_©bv KiZ, ÒbvRvwiwb‡ì Dci Ck¦‡ii Awfkvc †cÖiY Kiv|Ó
Ab¨ GK HwZnvwmK cÖ‡dix (Prophery), whwb memgq bvRvwiwb‡ì
we‡ivax wQ‡jb, wZwb Zv‡ì Rxeb c×wZ‡K Òee©i, bZzb I A™¢yZ ag©Ó
e‡jb eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| †mjmvm (Celsus) e‡jb, †R‡iv‡gi (Jerome)
g‡Z L„óvb‡ì ÒMÖxK fÊ I cÖZviKÓ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡Zv| KviY
MÖxK gw›`‡ii cy‡ivwnZiv †h Avj‡Lj−v cwiavb Ki‡Zb ZvivI †mB GKB
MÖxK Avj‡Lj−v cwiavb Ki‡Zb|
hxïi Abymvixiv G ai‡bi we‡ivwaZvi m¤§yLxb nIqv m‡Ë¡I G A™¢yZ
bevMZ‡ì Kv‡Q †jvKR‡bi Avmv hvIqv Ae¨vnZ wQj Ges Zv‡ì msL¨v
µ‡gB e„w× cvw”Qj| Zv‡ì AvMÖn †`‡L DrmvwnZ n‡q Gw›UI‡Ki hxï
Abymvix‡ì Pvicv‡ki †cŠËwjK Rb‡Mvôxi g†a¨ mZ¨ evYx I hxïi wk¶v
cÖPv‡ii R‡b¨ GKRb ag© cÖPviK‡K †cÖi‡Yi R‡b¨ †Ri“hv‡j‡g
ag©cÖPviK‡ì Kv‡Q Lei †cÖiY K‡ib| hxïi wklïv G Kv‡Ri R‡b¨
evb©vevm‡KB me‡P‡q Dchy³ e¨w³ g‡bvbxZ K‡ib| Gfv‡e evb©vevm n‡jb
L„óa‡g©i BwZnvm cÖ_g wgkbvwi ev ag© cÖPviK| evb©vevm Gw›UIK Mgb
K‡ib Ges AKíbxq mvdj¨ jvf K‡ib| Zvi cÖ‡Póvq Òeû msL¨K †jvK
hxïi cÖPvwiZ ag© MÖnY K‡iÓ (†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh©, 11 t14)| Gi KviY
evb©vevm wQ‡jb GKRb mr †jvK Ges Ck¦i I cweÎ AvZ¥vq `„pfv‡e
wek¦vmx| GK eQi ci wZwb wm×v‡š— †cuŠ‡Qb †h Gw›UI‡Ki evB‡i Zvi
Kg©KvÊ cÖmvwiZ Kivi mgq G‡m‡Q| Zvi wbwðZ wek¦vm wQj †h G Kv‡R
cj Zvi fvj mvnvh¨Kvix n‡eb| wZwb Uvimm Mgb K‡ib Ges cj‡K
4
wb‡q wd‡i Av‡mb| Gfv‡e cj †mme †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q wd‡i G‡jb hviv
ZviB nv‡Z wbh©vwZZ n‡qwQj Ges wZwb cybivq êwiZv I we‡ivwaZvi
m¤§yLxb nb| Av‡iKevi evb©vevm n¯—‡¶c Ki‡jb Ges Gw›UI‡Ki hxï
Abymvix mgv‡R cj M„nxZ n‡jb| G NUbv †_‡K hxï Abymvix mgv‡R
evb©vev‡mi ¸i“Z¡ I gh©v`vi welqwU cybivq cÖgvwYZ nq| g‡b nq, evb©vevm
Zvi mv‡eK mncvVxi ïay fvjUzKzB †`‡L‡Z †c‡qwQ‡jb Ges g‡b
K‡iwQ‡jb, †h ag©xq Av‡eM I DÏxcbv cj‡K GKRb AZ¨vPvix‡Z
cwiYZ K‡iwQj Zv hw` hxïi ag©xq cÖPv‡ii Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hvq Zv n‡j
wZwb AmvaviY I Ag~j¨ Ae`vb ivL‡eb|
wKš‘ mKj hxï Abymvix G `„wófw½i mv‡_ GKgZ n‡Z cv‡ibwb|
wcUvi mivmwi c‡ji we‡ivwaZvq AeZxY© nb| c‡ji AZxZ Kvh©Kjv‡ci
K_v ¯§iY K‡i G êwiZv Av‡iv †Rviv‡jv n‡q DVvi cvkvcvwk Av‡iv `yÕwU
wel‡q gZ cv_©K¨ †`Lv †`q| hxïi wk¶v Kvi KvQ †_‡K MÖnY Kiv n‡e
Ges wk¶v †Ìqv n‡e †m e¨vcv‡i Zviv GKgZ n‡Z cvi‡jb bv| wcUvi
gZ cÖKvk K‡ib †h Bqvû`x‡ì Kv‡Q cÖPvwiZ ag© cybi“¾xe‡bi Rb¨B
hxïi AvMgb N‡UwQj| †m Kvi‡Y Zuvi wk¶v ïaygvÎ Bqvû`x‡ì g‡a¨B
cÖPvi n‡e| Ab¨w`‡K cj ïay †h Bqvû`x I Ab¨‡ì mn mK‡ji Kv‡QB
ag© cÖPv‡ii c¶ gZ cÖKvk K‡ib ZvB bq, Dciš‘ e‡jb †h hxïi Aš—
a©v‡bi ci wZwb Zuvi KvQ †_‡K AwZwi³ wb‡`©kbv jvf K‡i‡Qb| wZwb
Av‡iv e‡jb †h mgq I cwiw¯’wZi `vwei mv‡_ hxïi wk¶vi cÖ‡qvRbxq
mgš^q mvab Ki‡Z n‡e| evb©vevm Dfq c‡¶i gaëZ©x Ae¯’vb MÖnY
K‡ib| wZwb gZ w`‡jb †h Zv‡ì ïay †m wk¶vB `vb Kiv DwPZ hv hxï
wk¶v w`‡q †M‡Qb| Z‡e wZwb e‡jb, G wk¶v Zvi Kv‡QB cÖPvi Kiv DwPZ
hvi G‡Z Kj¨vY n‡e Ges †h mvov †`‡e, †m Bqvû`xB †nvK Avi A-
Bqvû`xB †nvK| evb©vevm I wcUvi hxïi KvQ †_‡K †h wk¶v jvf
K‡iwQ‡jb Zv‡K Zviv Bqvû`x a‡g©i (Judaism) Ae¨vnZ I m¤úÖmvwiZ
iƒc wnmv‡eB MY¨ Ki‡Zb| Zviv ¯^qs hxïi KvQ †_‡K hv ï‡bwQ‡jb Zvi
mv‡_ c‡ji wk¶vi †hLv‡b wgj wQj bv, †m AskwU MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb|
Zviv wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h c‡ji bqv ag©gZ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡cB Zvi GKvš— wbR¯^
m„wó| AvjevU© †kv‡qBURvi (Albert Shweitzer) Zvi ÔPaul and
His InterpretersÕ MÖ‡š’ e‡j‡Qb †h, cj KL‡bvB Zuvi ¸i“i (hxï) evYx
I wb‡`©k cÖPvi K‡ibwb|5
g‡b nq, evb©vevm Avkv K‡iwQ‡jb †h, G `yB Pigcš’x bgbxq n‡eb
Ges we‡kl K‡i cj hxïi Abymvix‡ì mvnPh© †_‡K hxïi wk¶vi c~Y©
Dcjwä I iƒcvq‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q AwR©Z Áv‡bi ¯^v‡_© wb‡Ri aviYv cwiZ¨vM
Ki‡Zb| c‡ji cÖwZ G ch©v‡q evb©vev‡mi mg_©b †h KZ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wQj Zv
¯úó †evSv hvq| KviY evb©vevm ag© cÖPviKvix‡ì me©m¤§Z we‡ivwaZvi
gy‡L cj‡K AvkÖq cÖ`vb I i¶v K‡iwQ‡jb| m¤¢eZ G Kvi‡YB evb©vev‡mi
Rxe‡bi G ch©vqwU ag© cÖPviK‡ì Kg©Kv‡Ê wek` fv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh©, 13 : 1-2 †Z evb©vevm I c‡ji g‡a¨ m¤úK© wel‡q ejv
n‡q‡Q :
ÒGw›UI‡Ki Pv‡P© evb©vevm I wm‡gI‡bi gZ KwZcq ag©¸i“ I wk¶K
wQ‡jb hv‡ì‡K mvBwi‡bi bvBRvi (Niger of Cyrene) I gvbv‡q‡bi
jywmqvm (Lucius of Manaen) e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nZ hv‡ì †K
†n‡iv` w` †UUªvK© (Herod the Tetrarch) Ges m‡ji (Saul) mv‡_
cÖwZcvjb Kiv n‡qwQj| hLb Zuviv Ck¦‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖv_©bv I Dcevm
Ki‡jb ZLb cweÎ AvZ¥v ej‡jb : evb©vevm I mj‡K Avgvi †m Kv‡Ri
R‡b¨ c„_K Ki †h Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ Avwg Zv‡ì AvnŸvb K‡iwQ|Ó
Gme Abymvix‡ì bv‡gi ZvwjKvq j~K evb©vevm‡K cÖ_g I cj‡K
†k‡l ¯’vb w`‡q‡Qb| GK‡Î KvR Kivi R‡b¨ wbe©vwPZ nIqvi ci Zviv
evb©vev‡mi †ev‡bi cyÎ Rb gvK©‡K wb‡q hxïi wk¶v cÖPv‡ii R‡b¨ MÖxm
hvÎv K‡ib| †hv‡m‡di Ji‡m Rb¥jvfKvix †gixi cyÎ †Rgm‡K Gw›UI‡K
hxïi Abymvix‡ì cÖavb wbe©vwPZ Kiv nq| wcUviI †mLv‡bB †_‡K hvb|
†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh©-†Z (Acts) Av‡Q †h K‡qKwU ¯’v‡b Zv‡ì cÖwZ
cv_i wb‡¶c Kiv m‡Ë¡I G `yB ag© cÖPviK mvgwMÖK fv‡e mdj nb|
mZ¨vbymvix e¨w³ wn‡m‡e Zv‡ì L¨vwZ `~i- `~ivš—‡i Qwo‡q c‡o| Zviv
hLb jyKvIwbqv (Lucaonia) †cuŠ‡Q Ges GKRb c½y‡K †ivMgy³ K‡ib
ZLb ¸Re Qwo‡q c‡o †h:
gvby‡li QÙ‡e‡k Ck¦iMY Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q †b‡g G‡m‡Qb| Zviv
evb©vevm‡K RywcUvi (Jupiter) bv‡g Ges cj‡K gvK©vwiqvm
(Mercurius) bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ K‡i| ZLb RywcUv‡ii cy‡ivwnZiv..... Mi“
I gvjv wb‡q †ZviYØv‡i Gj Ges †m¸‡jv‡K RevB Kij| evb©vevm I cj
hLb GUv ïb‡Z †c‡jb, Zviv Zv‡ì †cvkvK †Qu‡o †d‡j Kuv`‡Z Kuv`‡Z
†jvKR‡bi Kv‡Q †`Š‡o †M‡jb| Zviv ej‡jb . †Zvgiv G me Kx KiQ?
Avgiv †Zvgv‡ìB gZ mvaviY gvbyl, Avgiv †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q Ck¦‡ii K_v
cÖPvi Ki‡Z G‡mwQ whwb ¯^M©, c„w_ex I mgy`ª mn wek¦gÊ‡ji mKj wKQy
m„wó K‡i‡Qb| (†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh©, 14t11-15)
MÖx‡mi Awaevmx‡ì GB cÖwZwµqv hw` ¯^vfvweK n‡q _v‡K Z‡e Zv
wQj ev¯—e mgm¨vi Bw½Z enbKvix hvi m¤§yLxb n‡qwQ‡jb evb©vevm I
cj| GKRb cÖK…Z Bqvû`x hxïi wk¶v‡K gymv Av. Gi cÖPvwiZ a‡g©iB
cybe©¨³ iƒc e‡j Zvr¶wYK fv‡e ¯^xKvi Ki‡e| wKš‘ eû g~wZ©c~R‡Ki
Kv‡QB †mwU bZzb I A™¢yZ Ges wKQyUv RwUj e‡j g‡b n‡e| AwaKvsk
†cŠËwjK ZLb ch©š— eû Ck¦‡i wek¦vmx wQj| Zviv g‡b KiZ, Ck¦iMY
gvby‡li mv‡_ Aeva †gjv †gkv K‡i, Zv‡ì mv‡_ weevn eÜ‡b Ave× nq
Ges gvbe Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU ch©v‡q wQj Zv‡ì GKRb Ck¦‡ii Abyiƒc Ges
G A‡_© Zviv hxï‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z m¤¢eZ cÖ¯‘Z wQj| †mLv‡b Av‡iv GKRb
Ck¦‡ii ¯’vb wQj| hv †nvK, hxïi cÖK…Z wk¶v Zv‡ì mKj Ck¦i‡K bvKP
K‡i †`q I GK Ck¦‡ii K_v e¨³ K‡i| eû cyZzj c~Rvwii Kv‡QB G K_v
MÖnY‡hvM¨ wQj bv| AwaKš‘, hxïi ag©wk¶vi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wQj AvPiY
wewa hv †KD AbymiY Ki‡Z PvB‡j Zuvi RxebavivB cvj‡U †hZ| GUv
GKRb Bqvû`xi c‡¶B m¤¢e wQj, †cŠËwj‡Ki c‡¶ bq| Bqvû`x‡ì
my`‡Lvi RvwZ wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nZ, A-Bqvû`x‡ì mevB Zv‡ì cQ›`
KiZ bv|
ÒBqvû`x bq Ggb Rbmgv‡Ri g‡a¨ Bqvû`x‡ì cÖwZ N„Yv GZB cÖej
wQj †h Zv‡ì †hŠw³K ev cÖ‡qvRbxq wKQy Ki‡Z †`L‡jI †h‡nZz
Bqvû`xiv †mUv Ki‡Q ïay †m Kvi‡YB RbmgvR Zv Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ cÖKvk
KiZ|6
†Kvb iKg Av‡cvk bv K‡i MÖx‡m hxïi cÖPvwiZ a‡g©i Abymi‡Y
Rxeb eë¯’v cÖwZôvq evb©vev‡mi gZ wbôv I `„pZv Avi Kv‡iv wQj bv|
cj BwZg‡a¨B hxïi wk¶v cwieZ©‡b Zvi B”Qvi K_v cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb|
wZwb GLb MÖxK Rbmvavi‡Yi i“wP Abyhvqx hxïi wk¶vi mgš^q mvab
AZ¨vek¨K e‡j g‡b Ki‡jb| MÖxm ZLb wQj †ivgvb mvgªv‡Rï Ask|
†ivgvb †èZv MÖx‡Ki †èZv‡ì m‡½ mv`„k¨hy³ wQ‡jb Ges Zv‡ì Dci
wek¦vm ¯’vcb Kiv wQj MÖxK †èZv‡ì cÖwZ wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi gZB GKwU
åvš— aviYv| cj Gi Av‡M wKQy w`b †iv‡g KvwU‡qwQ‡jb Ges wZwb †ivgvb
bvMwiK wQ‡jb| m¤¢eZ †ivgvb Rxebaviv Zvi wbR¯^ wePvi‡eva‡K
cÖfvweZ K‡iwQj| †ivgvb mvgªv‡Rï g‡a¨ mvaviY RbM‡Yi Dci †MÖ‡Kv-
†ivgvb (Graeco- Roman) a‡g©i †Rviv‡jv cÖfve m¤ú‡K© wZwb m‡PZb
wQ‡jb| GUv my¯úó †h wZwb Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb †h wb‡R‡ì wk¶vi
cwieZ©b NUv‡bv Qvov Zv‡ì ag© ixwZ cwieZ©b Kiv mnR n‡e bv| Ab¨
w`‡K evb©vevm Rvb‡Z †h Zvi mªóvi B”Qv bq †h wZwb Zuvi AvB‡bi GK
we›`ygvÎ weiƒc ev cwieZ©b K‡ib| †m Kvi‡Y wZwb Zvi ag©g‡Zi †Kvb
cwieZ©‡bi e¨vcv‡i Abo wQ‡jb| L„óag© cÖPv‡ii G ch©v‡q weZ‡K©i cÖavb
Drm Aa¨vZ¥ `k©b (Metaphysical) m¤úwK©Z wQj bv| eyw×Rxex‡ì
m~² hyw³, ZK© I Pzj‡Piv- we‡k−l‡Yi weKvk Av‡iv cieZ©x Kv‡ji NUbv|
evb©vevm I c‡ji g‡a¨ †h me welq wb‡q gZ cv_©K¨ m„wó n‡q wQj Zv wQj
gvby‡li cÖvZ¨wnK Rxeb I Rxeb aviv m¤úwK©Z| cj Zuvi I evb©vev‡mi
MÖx‡m AvMg‡bi c~‡e© †mLv‡b cÖPwjZ I cvwjZ AvPvi cÖ_vi AvKw¯§K
cwieZ©b NUv‡Z B”QyK wQ‡jb bv| ZvB wZwb cïi †MvkZ nvjvj nIqv
m¤úwK©Z Ges cï Kzievwb wel‡q gymv Av. Gi cÖPwjZ weavb cwiZ¨v‡Mi
B”Qv †cvlY K‡ib| GgbwK wZwb LZbv msµvš— Beivwng Av. Gi cÖwZwôZ
wbqgI evwZ‡ji cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡ib| hxïi wk¶vi Gme w`K cÖeZ©b I
ev¯—evq‡bi ev¯—e mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nIqvi †cÖw¶‡Z cj I evb©vev‡mi
ga¨Kvi eëavb we`~wiZ nIqvi cwie‡Z© Av‡iv e¨vcKZi n‡q I‡V|
G ch©v‡q `yÕR‡bi g‡a¨ †h me gZcv_©‡Kï K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, m¤¢eZ
Zv mwVK bq| cj I evb©vevm Df‡qB hxïi Rxebv`k© cÖwZôv Ki‡Z wM‡q
ev¯—e P¨v‡j‡Äi m¤§yLxb nb| G‡Kk¦iev‡ì wk¶v mg_©b Kiv AZ¨vek¨K
wQj| wKš‘ cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q †cŠËwjK‡ì AvPvi AbvPi‡Yi PvB‡Z c„_K I
êwkó¨gq AvPvi- AvPi‡Yi GKwU c×wZ cÖwZôv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb wQj|
¯úóZB ˆ`bw›`b Rxe bvPv‡ii ga¨ w`‡qB †mB êwkó¨gwÛZ AvPvi-
AvPiY ch©vqµ‡g M„nxZ I AvZ¥K…Z n‡Z cviZ| †Kvb †cŠËwjK
m¤úÖ`v‡qi c‡¶B hxïi mKj wk¶v I AvPiY ivZvivwZ MÖnY K‡i †djv
m¤¢e wQj bv| cÖvß Z‡_¨ †`Lv hvq, cj I evb©vevm †Kvb ¯’v‡bB `xN©w`b
Ae¯’vb K‡ibwb| ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨ hxïi mvgwMÖK wk¶v gvby‡li Kv‡Q
†cuŠ‡Q †`qv Zv‡ì c‡¶ m¤¢e nqwb| †m Kvi‡YB Zviv cÖ_‡g me‡P‡q
¸i“Z¡cY~ © welq¸‡jvi wk¶v cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| Zv‡ì B”Qv wQj, cieZ©xKv‡j
wd‡i G‡m cybivq Zviv Zv‡Z ms‡hvRb Ki‡eb Ges Av‡iv wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb
Ki‡eb| evb©vevm †hLv‡b hxïi mgMÖ wk¶v cÖPvi Ki‡Z AvMÖnx wQ‡jb, cj
†mLv‡b cÖ‡qvRb gZ cÖPv‡ii c¶cvZx wQ‡jb| KviY wZwb Zvi wb‡Ri †h
bqv ag©gZ M‡o ZzjwQ‡jb, †mLv‡b †m¸‡jvi Avi cÖ‡qvRb wQj bv| hv
†nvK, Zviv †Ri“hv‡jg cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi ci c„_K hyw³‡Z wbR wbR Kg©Kv‡Êi
†hŠw³KZv cÖ`k©b K‡ib| Zviv †hŠ_fv‡e †h me A‡jŠwKK NUbv
NwU‡qwQ‡jb ZviI eY©bv †`b| Zv m‡Ë¡I Zv‡ì gZ cv_©K¨ envj iBj
Ges †kl ch©š— Zv‡ì c_ c„_K n‡q hvq|
ejv n‡q _v‡K †h cj Rb gvK©‡K fwel¨r †Kvb md‡i mv‡_ †bqvi
welqwU cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K evb©vevm Rb‡K Zv‡ì mdi m½x
Kivi e¨vcv‡i Pvc m„wó K‡ib| Avi G Kvi‡YB Zv‡ì g‡a¨ we‡f` †`Lv
†`q| †cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh©, 15t39-40Ñ G ejv n‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ we‡iva
GZ Zxeª n‡q I‡V †h Zviv G‡K Ac‡ii KvQ †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q hvb Ges
Gi ci evb©vevm gvK©‡K wb‡q mvBcÖvm md‡i hvb †hwU wQj evb©vev‡mi
Rb¥f~wg| Rb gv‡K©i evb©vev‡mi mdi m½x nIqvi NUbv †_‡K Bw½Z
cvIqv hvq †h Zuvi I Zuvi gvgvi ag© wek¦vm GKB iKg wQj| cj †h
Zv‡K m½x ivL‡Z Pvbwb, m¤¢eZ GUv Zvi Ab¨Zg KviY| evB‡e‡j G
wel‡qi ci evb©vev‡mi D‡jL Kiv nqwb ej‡jB P‡j|
†KŠZ‚n‡ji welq †h †cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh©- G D‡j−wLZ Av‡Q, ÒcweÎ
AvZ¥vÓ (Holy Ghost) evb©vevm‡K g‡bvbxZ Ki‡jI cj Zv‡K
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| g‡b nq, cj Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb †h, Zvi Avi
evb©vev‡mi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Zvi cÖ_g w`bKvi w`b¸‡jv‡Z hLb RvbvRvwb
n‡q hvq †h wZwb hxïi m½x wQ‡jb bv ZLb †KD Zvi Dci Av¯’vkxj wQj
bv| wKš‘ hLb wZwb L„óvb m¤úÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ cÖwZôv jvf Ki‡jb, ZLb
welqwU Av‡Mi gZ _v‡Kwb| Zvi L¨vwZ GZUvB n‡qwQj †h wZwb †Kvb
fxwZ ev cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi Avk¼v QvovB wb‡Ri ag©gZ cÖPvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
e‡j Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb| GgbwK hxïi wk¶v ewnf©~Z wKQy cÖPvi Ki‡j
evb©vevm Zvi we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Z cv‡ib, G ai‡bi m¤¢vebv‡KI wZwb Avg‡j
Av‡bbwb| Dciš‘ cj wQ‡jb GKRb †ivgvb bvMwiK| wZwb Aek¨B
†ivgvb‡ì fvlv wk‡LwQ‡jb| m¤¢eZ wZwb MÖxK fvlv‡ZI K_v ej‡Zb|
KviY wZwb †h GjvKvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb, †mLvbKvi miKvix fvlv wQj
MÖxK| wZwb MÖx‡mi L„óvb m¤úÖ`v‡qi Kv‡Q †hme cÎ wj‡LwQ‡jb Zv
Aek¨B Zv‡ì gvZ…fvlvq †jLv n‡qwQj| Gi A_© wZwb MÖxm I m¤¢eZ
BZvwj‡ZI fvlvi †Kvb mgm¨v QvovB mdi K‡iwQ‡jb| Ab¨w`‡K evb©vevm
G `yÕfvlvi †KvbwUB ej‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| Rb gvK© MÖxK fvlv Rvb‡Zb|
ZvB, MÖx‡m evb©vev‡mi cÖ_g ag©cÖPvi md‡i wZwb Zvi †`vfvlx wn‡m‡e KvR
K‡iwQ‡jb| evb©vevm hw` †mLv‡b GKv †h‡Zb, Zvn‡j Zvi K_v †KD
eyS‡Z ev wZwbI Kv‡iv K_v eyS‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| myZivs gv‡K©i mv‡_ md‡i
†h‡Z c‡ji A¯^xK…wZ wQj evb©vevm hv‡Z Zvi mv‡_ åg‡Y bv hvb, †mUv
wbwðZ Kivi cÖqvm| `yÕR‡bi c„_K n‡q hvIqvi e¨vcv‡i gš—e¨ Ki‡Z
wM‡q g¨vKwMdvU© (Mc Giffert) Zvi The History of
Christianity in the Apostolic Age MÖ‡š’ e‡j‡Qb :
evb©vevm, Bqvû`x bq Ggb Rbmgv‡Ri g‡a¨ hvi ag© cÖPv‡ii KvR
†Ri“hv‡j‡g ¯^xK…wZ jvf K‡iwQj.... Zvi wd‡i Avmv, wbR‡K c„_K K‡i
†bqv wQj GK Avðh© NUbv| mKj cÖKvi AvBb †_‡K L„óvb‡ì gyw³`v‡bi
c‡ji gZev‡ì cÖwZ evb©vev‡mi c~Y© mg_©b wQj bv..... †cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh©-
Gi G †jLK, cj I evb©vev‡mi g‡a¨ m¤úK©‡Q‡ì NUbv‡K gvK©‡K wb‡q
gZ cv_©‡Kï cwiYwZ e‡j D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb, wKš‘ cÖK…Z KviY wbwnZ wQj
Av‡iv Mfx‡i...... L„óvb wn‡m‡e c‡ji Rxeb ïi“i ci †Mvovi w`‡Ki
eQi¸‡jv‡Z c‡ji me‡P‡q Nwbô I Aš—i½ whwb wQ‡jb, wZwb evb©vevm|
evb©vevm †Ri“hv‡j‡gi Pv‡P©i m`m¨ wQ‡jb......... Zvi eÜzZ¡ c‡ji R‡b¨
wQj A‡bK †ewk wKQy Ges wbtm‡›`‡n Zv L„óvb‡ì g‡a¨ c‡ji mybvg I
cÖfve e„w×‡Z e¨vcK Ae`vb †i‡LwQj| L„óvb‡ì g‡b hLb c‡ji
wbh©vZ‡bi ¯§„wZ RvMiƒK wQj †mB w`b¸‡jv‡Z evb©vevm c‡ji c„ô‡cvlKZv
K‡iwQ‡jb|7
c‡ji cÖwZ evb©vev‡mi g‡bvfv‡ei cwieZ©b N‡UwQj c‡ji mv‡_
mdiKv‡j AwR©Z AwfÁZvi Kvi‡Y| cj Zvi gZ cwieZ©b Ki‡eb Ges
hxïi GKRb cÖK…Z Abymvix n‡eb e‡j evb©vevm †h Avkv †cvlY
K‡iwQ‡jb, cÖ_g md‡iB Zv Acm„Z n‡qwQj| m¤¢eZ, ïaygvÎ Bqvû`x‡ì
D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖPvwiZ ag© cÖPv‡ii †Póvi AmviZv Ges Zv †h djcÖm~ n‡”Q bv,
Zv Dcjwä Ki‡Z †c‡i evb©vevm Zv Z¨vM K‡ib| Z‡e Zvi Av‡M ch©š—
Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ hxïi ag© cÖPv‡ii †¶‡Î m¤¢vebv cwijw¶Z n‡qwQj|
wKš‘ †m †Póv Pvjv‡bvi ci ev¯—e AwfÁZvq †`Lv hvq †h, Zv m¤¢e wQj
bv| †m Zzjbvq Gw›UI‡K Zuvi mvdj¨ wQj A‡bK †ewk| †Kbbv †mLv‡b
RbmvaviY hxïi Abymvix‡ì Kv‡Q AvMgb K‡i L„óa‡g© Zv‡ì ag©vš—i
Kivi Aby‡iva Rvbvw”Qj| c¶vš—‡i wZwb I cj MÖx‡m wM‡q †mLvbKvi
Awaevmx‡ì L„óvb nIqvi AvnŸvb Rvbvw”Q‡jb|
evb©vevm mvBcÖv‡m wd‡i Avmvi ci Zvi Kx N‡UwQj †m e¨vcv‡i †Kvb
wjwLZ eY©bv cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e Rvbv hvq †h bqv bexi wk¶vi Abymvix
Ab¨ eû e¨w³i gZ wZwb GKRb knx` wn‡m‡eB Bwš—Kvj K‡ib|
evB‡e‡ji eû c„ôv †_‡K evb©vevm‡K gy‡Q †djv m‡Ë¡I GUv cwi`„ó nq †h
wZwb L„óa‡g©i BwZnv‡mi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask Ges we¯§„wZi AZ‡j nvwi‡q
hvevi gZ †KD bb| Pv‡P©i †Mvovi w`‡K wZwb hxïi KvQ †_‡K hv
wk‡LwQ‡jb Zv cÖKvk¨ mg_©b I wk¶v`v‡bi R‡b¨ †¯^”Qvq GwM‡q
G‡mwQ‡jb Ggb GK mgq hLb hxïi AwZ Nwbô wkl¨MYI hxïi mv‡_
Zv‡ì m¤ú‡K©i K_v ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z fxZ wQ‡jb| hxïi cÖwZ evb©vev‡mi
AvbyM‡Zï welqwU Zvi kÎ“- wgÎ mK‡jB ¯^xKvi Ki‡Zb| hxï Zvi
†ev‡bi evwo‡ZB Rxe‡bi †kl Avnvi MÖnY K‡ib Ges †m evwowU hxïi
Aš—a©v‡bi ci Zuvi Abymvix‡ì mv¶vr I mfv¯’j wn‡m‡eB wQj| ag©
cÖPviKvix I hxïi Ab¨vb¨ Abymvix‡ì Dci evb©vev‡mi cÖfv‡ei cÖgvY
†Lv` evB‡e‡jB i‡q‡Q| Zv‡K ejv nZ GKRb bex, GKRb wk¶K Ges
j~K Zv‡K GKRb ag© cÖPviKvix wn‡m‡eI AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| c‡ji cÖwZ
Zvi mg_©b wQj cÖkœvZxZ| m‡e©vcwi Zuv‡K ¯§iY Kiv nq Ggb GK e¨w³
wn‡m‡e whwb hxïi evYx m¤ú‡K© †Kvb Av‡cvk ev cwieZ©‡b ivwR nbwb|
evb©vevm mvBcÖv‡mi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv Kivi ci cj hv ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb,
Zv Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb| ZLb Zvi mv‡_ Ggb A‡bK L„óvb wQ‡jb hviv `xN©w`b
cj‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i †bbwb| cj Zvi `ye©j Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb wQ‡jb|
G mgq Zv‡K hxïi †cÖwiZ ag© cÖPviKvix e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| Aek¨
Zv‡Z hxï RxeÏkvq Zuvi mv‡_ Zvi mv¶vr bv nIqvi mZ¨wUi †Kvb
cwieZ©b nqwb| hwÌ wZwb hxïi KvQ †_‡K evYx jvf K‡i‡Qb e‡j `vwe
K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv m‡Ë¡I Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ ag© cÖPviKv‡j hxïi m½x wQ‡jb,
Ggb GKRb e¨w³‡K Zvi mv‡_ ivLv cÖ‡qvRb wQj| KviY GKRb
cÖZ¨¶`k©x m½x Zvi R‡b¨ GK Ag~j¨ mg_©b Ges Zvi hyw³i †¶‡Î
AwZwi³ wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv cÖ`vb KiZ| wZwb wcUvi‡K Zvi mv‡_ †hvM w`‡Z
ivwR Kivb|
GB `yÕe¨w³, hviv AZx‡Z wQ‡jb ci¯úi †Nvi we‡ivax, Zviv wK K‡i,
GKÎ n‡jb Zv GK we¯§qKi e¨vcvi| hv †nvK, cwiw¯’wZi cwieZ©b
N‡UwQj| A‡b‡KB cj‡K GKRb L„óvb wn‡m‡e †g‡b wb‡qwQ‡jb Ges
Zv‡K Avi m¤¢ve¨ ¸ßPi ev AZ¨vPvix wn‡m‡e MY¨ Ki‡Zb bv| MÖxK
`vk©wbK I L„óvb‡ì Zxeª mgv‡jvPK †mjmvm (Celsus) e‡j‡Qb †h
Gw›UI‡K Df‡qi g‡a¨ gZ cv_©‡Kï g~j KviY wQj wcUv‡ii RbwcÖqZvq
c‡ji Cl©v| wKš‘ c‡i c‡ji wb‡Ri L¨vwZ e„w× cvIqvq wcUv‡ii cÖwZ Zvi
Cl©vi Aemvb N‡U| Zv Qvov L„óvb‡ì cÖwZ wbcxobI m¤¢eZ Zv‡ì
`yÕRb‡K GK Kivi wcQ‡b KvR K‡iwQj| †m mgq L„óvb‡ì cÖwZ †ivgvb
I Zv‡ì mg_©K Bqvû`x‡ì wbcxo‡bi gvÎv fqven iKg e„w× †c‡qwQj|
BwZc~‡e© hxïi Kw_Z wePvi I µzkwe× Kivi mgq Pv‡ci gy‡L A_ev Avï
wec‡ì m¤§yLxb nIqvi Kvi‡Y hxïi mnPi _vKvi K_v A¯^xKvi K‡i
wcUvi Zvi `ye©jZvi cwiPq w`‡qwQ‡jb| GLb wZwb hxïi evYxi wKQyUv
iè`‡ji e¨vcv‡i c‡ji c`‡¶c AvMÖnf‡i mg_©b Ki‡jb| Avi Zv
m¤¢eZ G Kvi‡Y †h G ai‡bi cwieZ©b wbcxob‡K n«vm Ki‡e|
†mB w`b¸‡jv‡Z cwiw¯’wZ wQj GgbB †h hxïi evYxi cwieZ©b I
Zv‡Z bZzb wKQy ms‡hvRb Kiv nj hv‡Z Zv A-Bqvû`x‡ì Kv‡Q
MÖnY‡hvM¨ nq, Dciš‘ Zv †hb †`‡ki KZ©…c‡¶i cÖwZ AvµgYvZ¥K ev
ûgwK RbK bv nq| wek¦- RM‡Zi mªóvi weav‡bi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© †nvK ev
bv †nvK, kvmKMY I Zv‡ì AvB‡bi cÖwZ AKzÉ mg_©b Rvwb‡q cÖYxZ GB
bxwZi K_v wcUv‡ii cÖ_g c‡Î (3t 13-18) wea„Z i‡q‡Q.
Ck¦‡ii †`vnvB, †Zvgiv gvby‡li AvBb gvb¨ Ki: m‡e©v”P ¶gZvkvjx
wn‡m‡e ivRv ev Mfb©i hviB †m AvBb †nvK bv †Kb, †Zvgiv Zv gvb¨ Ki
hv Ab¨vqKvix‡ì kvw¯—`v‡bi R‡b¨ Ges kvmK‡ì cÖksmvi R‡b¨ cÖYqb
Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv‡Z i‡q‡Q Kj¨vY| GUvB Ck¦‡ii B”Qv| G fv‡eB †Zvgiv
g~L© e¨w³‡ì g~L©Zv †_‡K gy³ n‡Z cvi‡e| †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì ¯^vaxbZv‡K
we‡Øl civqYZvi R‡b¨ eënvi Kibv| Ck¦‡ii f„Z¨ †Zvgiv mKj gvbyl‡K
m¤§vb Ki| gvbyl‡K fv‡jvevm| Ck¦i‡K fq Ki| ivRv‡K m¤§vb Ki|
f„Z¨MY! Aš—‡i fxwZmn cÖfyi AbyMZ nI, ïay fvj I mr †jvK‡ì cÖwZB
bq, Ab¨vqKvix‡ì cÖwZI|
cj wcUv‡ii mv‡_ cwð‡g ågY K‡iwQ‡jb| Avš—wiKZv Qvov I
evb©vev‡mi cÖfve `gb K‡i Zviv bqv ag©gZ Ges Av‡cvmidv wn‡m‡e
ms‡hvRbK…Z AvPiY I eënvi wewai †¶‡Î wZwb Aek¨B ¯^í cÖwZ‡iv‡ai
m¤§yLxb n‡qwQ‡jb| †ivwgq 16t20-21- G wZwb e‡j‡Qb:
nu¨v, Gfv‡eB Avwg Mm‡cj cÖPv‡ii R‡b¨ msMÖvg K‡iwQ, †hLv‡b
L„‡ói bvg †bB, hv‡Z Avgv‡K Ab¨ Kv‡iv wfwËi Dci wbg©vY Ki‡Z bv
nq| eis †hgbwU wjwce× i‡q‡Q : hv‡ì Kv‡Q wZwb evYx cÖPvi K‡ibwb
Zviv †`L‡e Ges Zviv hv †kv‡bwb Zv eyS‡Z cvi‡e|
cj hw` hxïi cÖK…Z wk¶v cÖPvi Ki‡Zb Zv n‡j Ab¨ e¨w³i wfwË
wVK Zvi gZB nZ| Zviv Df‡q GKB KvVv‡gv wbg©v‡Y wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb|
†h me †jvK cÖ_gev‡ii gZ c‡ji gyL †_‡K hxï ev L„‡ói K_v Rvb‡Z ev
ïb‡Z cviwQj, Zv‡ì c‡¶ †hme ag©cÖPviKvix ZLbI hxïi wk¶v aviY
K‡iwQ‡jb, Zvi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i †`Lv m¤¢e wQj bv| Kvh©Z Zviv hv
RvbwQj, Zv wQj ïay c‡ji wk¶v|
cj Zvi wb‡Ri evYx cÖPv‡ii †¶‡Î Av‡àv‡jvm bvgK Av‡jKRvw›`ªqv
†_‡K AvMZ GK Ávbx Bqvû`xi e¨vcK mvnvh¨ jvf K‡ib| wZwb
Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ c‡ji gZev` cÖPv‡i wecyj mvdj¨ jvf K‡ib| ejv
nZ, cj Pviv †ivcY K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Av‡àv‡jvm (Appolos) Zv‡Z cvwb
wmÂb K‡iwQ‡jb| †kl ch©š— GgbwK Av‡àv‡jvmI c‡ji mKj ag©xq
D™¢veb †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ibwb Ges evb©vev‡mi gZ wZwbI Zvi mv‡_ m¤úK©
wQbœ K‡ib|
cj hxïi wk¶v †_‡K µgkB †ewk K‡i `~‡i m‡i †h‡Z _v‡Kb Ges
wZwb ¯^‡cœ hvi mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j `vwe K‡ib †mB L„‡ói cÖwZ
AwaKZi nv‡i ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| hxïi a‡g©i cwieZ©b
mva‡bi Awf‡hv‡M hviv Zv‡K Awfhy³ K‡ib Zv‡ì wei“‡× Zvi hyw³ wQj
GB †h, wZwb hv cÖPvi Ki‡Qb Zvi g~j nj hxïi KvQ †_‡K mivmwi jvf
Kiv cÖZ¨v‡`k| GwU cj‡K Hkx KZ©…Z¡ cÖ`vb K‡iwQj| GB KZ©…‡Z¡i
myev‡` wZwb `vwe K‡ib †h Mm‡c‡ji Avkxe©v` ïay Bqvû`x‡ì Rb¨ bq,
eis hviv G‡Z wek¦vm Ki‡e Zv‡ì mK‡ji R‡b¨B| Dciš‘ wZwb GK_vI
e‡jb †h, gymvi a‡g©i Pvwn`vmg~n ïay AcÖ‡qvRbxqB bq, Zv Ck¦‡ii KvQ
†_‡K Zvi Kv‡Q mivmwi †h cÖZ¨v‡`k n‡q‡Q Zvi we‡ivaxI e‡U| wZwb
e‡jb, Avm‡j G¸‡jv Awfkvc| Gfv‡e cj hxïi Abymvix‡ì mn mKj
Bqvû`x‡KB µz× K‡i Zzj‡jb| KviY wZwb Zv‡ì Dfq ÔbexÕiB
wei“×vPiY KiwQ‡jb| G †_‡K †evSv hvq †h †Kb wZwb ïay Zv‡ì g‡a¨B
Zvi wk¶v cÖPvi KiwQ‡jb hviv Bqvû`x‡ì N„Yv KiZ Ges hxïi mZ¨
m¤ú‡K© AeMZ wQj bv|
cj wb‡æv³ e³‡eï ga¨ w`‡q Zvi gZev‡ì †hŠw³KZv cÖgv‡Yi
†Póv K‡i‡Qb:
fvBme, †Zvgiv wK Rvb bv (Avwg weavb m¤ú‡K© ÁvZ †jvK‡ì
D‡Ï‡k¨ ejwQ) †h GKRb gvbyl hZw`b RxweZ _v‡K ZZw`bB Zvi Dci
AvB‡bi wbqš¿Y _v‡K| ¯¿x‡jv‡Ki †¶‡Î hvi ¯^vgx Av‡Q †m Zvi ¯^vgx
RxweZ _vKv ch©š— AvBb Øviv Zvi mv‡_ eÜ‡b Ave×| wKš‘ hw` Zvi ¯^vgx
gviv hvq ZLb g„Z ¯^vgxi mv‡_ Zvi AvB‡bi eÜb wkw_j n‡q hvq| hw`
Zvi ¯^vgx RxweZ _v‡K Ges †m Ab¨ †jv‡Ki mv‡_ weevn eÜ‡b Ave× nq
ZLb Zv‡K e¨wfPvwiYx e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡e| wKš‘ hw` Zvi ¯^vgx gviv
hvq Zv n‡j D³ AvBb †_‡K †m gy³| ZLb †m Ab¨ †Kvb †jvK‡K weevn
Ki‡jI †m Avi e¨wfPvwiYx n‡e bv| myZivs, †n Avgvi åvZ…MY! L„‡ói
g„Zzï mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvi AvBbI †Zvgv‡ì †¶‡Î g„Z| Zvi A_© Zzwg Ab¨‡K
weevn Ki‡Z cvi, GgbwK †m e¨w³‡KI whwb g„Zz¨ †_‡K cybi“¾xweZ
n‡q‡Qb hv‡Z Avgiv Ck¦‡ii R‡b¨ djcÖm~ KvR Ki‡Z cvwi|
G e³e¨ †_‡K ¯úó Bw½Z cvIqv hvq †h, cj hxï I ÔL„óÕ Gi g‡a¨
GKwU cv_©K¨ m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Zvi hyw³ Abyhvqx †h AvBb hxï I Zvi
Abymvix‡ì g‡a¨ eÜb m„wó K‡iwQj, wZwb gviv hvIqvi ci Zvi cÖ‡qvRb
dzwi‡q wM‡qwQj| Zviv Avi hxïi mv‡_ bq, L„ó Gi mv‡_ ÒweevwnZÓ whwb
Ab¨ GK AvBb G‡b‡Qb| myZivs GLb hxï bq, L„‡ói AbymiY cÖ‡qvRb|
hw` †KD hxïi wk¶v gvb¨ K‡i Zvn‡j †m wec‡_ PvwjZ n‡”Q| G hyw³i
mv‡_ wZwb cÖvqwðË I cÖwZKv‡ii wbR¯^ ag©g‡Zi ms‡hvRb K‡i †h
gZev` cÖYqb K‡ib Zv hxï KL‡bvB wk¶v †`bwb| GUv GK weivU mvdj¨
G‡b †`q †h‡nZz Ab¨ K_vqÑ G‡Z cÖPvi Kiv nw”Qj †h, GKRb gvbyl
Zvi hv Lywk ZvB Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges †m Zvi K…ZK‡g©i R‡b¨ Aek¨¤¢vex
cwiYwZi m¤§yLxb n‡e bv| hw` †m w`‡bi †k‡l G K_vwU e‡j : ÒAvwg
L„‡ó wek¦vm Kwi|Ó hv‡nvK, †h g~j wfwËi Dci c‡ji hyw³ wbf©ikxj wQj
Zv wQj wg_¨v| KviY hxï µzkwe×I nbwb wKsev cybi“¾xweZI nbwb|
c‡ji cÖvqwðË I cÖwZKv‡ii gZev` wQj åvwš—c~Y©|
c‡ji hyw³ cÖ`k©‡bi `yÕwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cwiYwZ †`Lv wM‡qwQj| Gi d‡j
ïay hxïi wk¶viB cwieZ©b N‡Uwb, Dciš‘ Zv hxï †K wQ‡jb †m wel‡q
Rbmvavi‡Yi aviYviI m¤ú~Y© cwieZ©b NwU‡qwQj| wZwb †jv‡Ki g‡b
GKRb ÒgvbylÓ †_‡K GKwU aviYvq ch©ewmZ nb| wKQy †jvK hxïi
c„w_ex‡Z Ae¯’vb Kv‡jB Zvi evYx I A‡jŠwKK Kg©Kv‡Ê we¯§q wegy» n‡q
Zuvi Dci Ck¦iZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡ib| †KD †KD fyj K‡i Zuv‡K bex‡ì †P‡q
†ewk wKQy we‡ePbv Ki‡Zb| Zuvi †Kvb †Kvb kÎ“ ¸Re Qwo‡q w`‡qwQj †h
wZwb wQ‡jb ÒCk¦‡ii cyÎ|Ó Gi D‡Ïk¨ wQj Ck¦‡ii mv‡_ Zuv‡K mswk−ó
Kivi R‡b¨ †Muvov Bqvû`x‡ì Zuvi wei“‡× †Lwc‡q †Zvjv| G fv‡e Zvi
Aš—a©v‡bi Av‡MB Zuvi cÖK…Z mËvi GKwU A‡jŠwKK iƒc`vb Ges Zvi Dci
Ck¦iZ¡ Av‡iv‡ci GKwU cÖeYZv †`Lv wM‡qwQj| L„‡ói GB KvíwbK iƒc hv
hxïi cÖPvwiZ wk¶v‡K nq‡Zv evwZj K‡i †Ìqvi kw³ ivLZ, Zv ¯úóZB
†Kvb mvaviY e¨vcvi wQj bv Ges Awbevh©iƒ‡c eû gvbylB Ck¦i m¤ú‡K©
weåvš— n‡q c‡owQj| G fv‡e GB KvíwbK iƒcB Dcvmbvi e¯‘ n‡q ùvovq
Ges Ck¦‡ii mv‡_ mswk−ó n‡q hvq|
GKRb gvbyl †_‡K hxïi L„óiƒcx Ck¦i wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ Kivi G
NUbv MÖxm I †iv‡gi eyw×Rxex‡ì‡K cj I Zvi Abymvix‡ì cÖPvwiZ
ag©‡K Zv‡ì wbR¯^ `k©‡bi mv‡_ A½xf~Z Ki‡Z m¶g K‡i| Zviv
wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vmx wQ‡jb| GLb cjxq Pv‡P©i ag©g‡Zi ÒwcZv Ck¦iÓ I
ÒCk¦‡ii cyÎÓ Gi mv‡_ wÎZ¡ev‡ì Rb¨ Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb wQj ïay ÒcweÎ
AvZ¥vÓ †hvM Kivi| Kvj cwiµgvq G `ywU wPÎ GKwU‡Z A½xf~Z nj Ges
wÎZ¡ev‡ì Rb¥ NUj| G mgq MÖx‡m weivwRZ `vk©wbK aviYv Zv‡Z †hgb
is Povj, †Zgwb MÖxKfvlvI G wk¶vi cÖKvk‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i Gi A_©‡K
mxgve× K‡i w`j| MÖxK fvlv wMÖK‡ì `k©b‡K aviY Ki‡Z m¶g wQj,
wKš‘ hxï hv e‡jwQ‡jb Zv avi‡Yi gZ wekvjZv ev MfxiZv G fvlvi wQj
bv| ZvB hxïi GKRb cÖK…Z Abymvix hw` ¯^”Q‡›` MÖxK fvlv ej‡ZI
cvi‡Zb, ZeyI G fvlv‡Z hxïi wk¶vi mvwe©KZv cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb
bv| G Rb¨ Zv‡K evi evi Dchy³ k‡ãi mÜvb Ki‡Z nZ| hLb wneªy
Mm‡cj¸‡jv MÖx‡K fvlvš—‡ii mgq Gj, G mxgve×Zv ZLb ¯’vqx iƒc MÖnY
Kij Ges †kl ch©š— wneªy‡Z wjwLZ mKj Mm‡cj hLb aŸsm n‡q hvq,
ZLb Zv †gvnivw¼Z n‡q †Mj|
hwÌ cj cÖK…Z c‡¶ hxïi Ck¦iZ¡ ev wÎZ¡ev` cÖPvi K‡ibwb, Zvi
cÖKvk fw½ Ges Zvi K…Z cwieZ©b G DfqB åvš— aviYvi Rb¨ Øvi Db¥y³
K‡i w`‡qwQj Ges BD‡iv‡c Zvi ag©gZ wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ nIqvi c_
cÖ¯‘Z K‡i w`‡qwQj| GwU †mB ag©gZ hv †gix‡K ÒCk¦‡ii gvZvÓ wn‡m‡e
MY¨ Kivi gZ GK Am¤¢e ¯’v‡b Zv‡K AwawôZ K‡iwQj|
cj G K_v e‡j Zvi Kg©KvÊ‡K †hŠw³K iƒc †Ìqvi †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb
†h hxï †h mg‡q evm Ki‡Zb Ges wZwb wb‡R (cj) †h mg‡qi gvbylÑ G
`y‡qi gv‡S †Kvb m¤úK© †bB| mg‡qi cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q Ges GLb †h
cwiw¯’wZ weivwRZ Zv‡Z hxïi wk¶v cy‡iv‡bv n‡q †M‡Q, Zv Avi
AbymiY‡hvM¨ bq| ˆbwZKZvi GKwU bZzb wfwË Luy‡R cvIqvi R‡b¨ ZLb
G hyw³ cÖ‡qvRb n‡q c‡owQj| cj ZLbKvi weivRgvb cwiw¯’wZ g~j¨vqb
K‡iwQ‡jb Ges ZLb cÖ‡qvRb AbyhvqxB wZwb Zvi cÖwZ wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi
wk¶v cÖ`vb K‡iwQ‡jb :
Avgvi me wKQyB AvBb m¤§Z, wKš‘ Avwg Kv‡iv ¶gZvi Aaxb bB|
(1 Kwib_xq 7t12)
cj ïay gymv I hxï‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vbB K‡ibwb, wZwb †Rvi w`‡q
e‡jwQ‡jb †h Zvi AvBb wZwb wb‡RB| ¯^vfvweK fv‡eB eû †jvKB †m
K_v †g‡b †bqwb| cj Zv‡ì Reve w`‡q‡Qb G e‡j :
hw` Avgvi wg_¨vi ga¨ w`‡q Ck¦‡ii mZ¨ I Mwigv cÖKvwkZ n‡q
_v‡K Zv n‡j Avwg †Kb wePv‡i cvcx ne?
(†ivgxq 3t 7-8)
c‡ji GB e³e¨ †_‡K †`Lv hvq, hwÌ wZwb Rvb‡Zb †h wZwb wg_¨v
ej‡Qb, cj g‡b Ki‡Zb Zi D‡Ï‡kï R‡b¨ GUv †hŠw³K| wKš‘ GUv eySv
gykwKj †h wg_¨vi ga¨ w`‡q mZ¨ Kxfv‡e cÖKvwkZ nq| G hyw³ Abyhvqx
gvbyl hxï hw` Ck¦‡ii mgK¶ nb Zv‡Z hxïi Abymvix‡ì AvcwËi wK
Av‡Q?
cj Ggb GK a‡g©i Rb¥ w`‡q‡Qb hv wewfbœ ci¯úi we‡ivax Dcv`vb
Øviv cwi‡ewóZ| wZwb Bqvû`x‡ì GKZ¡ev` MÖnY K‡ib Ges Zvi g‡a¨
†cŠËwjK‡ì `k©b hy³ K‡ib| GB A™¢yZ wgkÖ‡Yi g‡a¨ wQj wKQy hxïi
wk¶v Ges wKQy wQj hv cj L„‡ói KvQ †_‡K jvf K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j `vwe
K‡iwQ‡jb| c‡ji ag©Z‡Ë¡i wfwË wQj mgKvjxb MÖxK wPš—vavivi Av‡jv‡K
e¨vL¨vK…Z Zvi e¨w³MZ AwfÁZv| hxïi Dci Ck¦iZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv
n‡qwQj Ges Zuvi cweÎ gy‡L ewm‡q †Ìqv n‡qwQ c−†Uvi (Plato) K_v|
cÖvqwð‡Ëi ZË¡ wQj c‡ji gw¯—¯‹cÖm~Z hv hxï I Zuvi wkl¨‡ì Kv‡Q m¤ú~Y©
AcwiwPZ wQj| G¸‡jvi wfwË wQj ÔAvw` cvcÕ Ôµzkwe×KiYÕ I
Ôcybi“¾xebÕ- G wek¦vm hvi †KvbwUiB †Kvb êaZv wQj bv| G fv‡eB
GKwU K…wÎg a‡g©i m„wó nq| Zvi bvg L„ó ag© hv MvwYwZKfv‡e D™¢U,
HwZnvwmK fv‡e wg_¨v, ZeyI gb¯—vwË¡K fv‡e AvKl©Yxq| ag©xq Db¥v`bv
wb‡q cj a‡g©i †h RgKv‡jv gw›ì ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb Zvi me w`‡KB wZwb
ìRv wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb| Gi dj n‡qwQj GB †h hviv cÖ_gev‡ii gZ Zvi
L„óag© MÖnY K‡iwQj, Zviv Bqvû`x ev MÖxK hvB †nvK bv †Kb, Zviv hLb
†mB gw›`‡ii g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Kij, Zv‡ì G aviYvB †Ìqv nj †h Zviv †mB
†èZvi cÖwZB kÖ×v wb‡e`b Ki‡Q hv‡K Zviv me mgq Dcvmbv K‡i
Avm‡Q| c‡ji åvš— aviYvi D™¢e I cÖwZôv jv‡fi ci hviv fveZ †h Zviv
hxïi AbymiY Ki‡Q, Zviv Zv‡ì ARv‡š— hxïi cwie‡Z© c‡ji ag©g‡Zi
Abymvix‡Z cwiYZ nj|
†nBbR RvnibU (Heinz Zahrnt) cj‡K Òhxïi Mm‡c‡ji
weK…ZKvixÓ8 e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡iwQ‡jb| IqviwW (Werde) Zv‡K eY©bv
K‡i‡Qb ÒL„óvb a‡g©i wØZxq cÖwZôvZvÓ wn‡m‡e| Dfq e³‡eïB wKQy
†hŠw³KZv Av‡Q| IqviwW e‡jb, c‡ji Kvi‡Y :
HwZnvwmK hxï I Pv‡P© L„‡ói g‡a¨ AmvgÄm¨ GZ †ewk cÖKU †h
Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb HK¨ Luy‡R cvIqv G‡Kev‡iB KwVb9
kbwdì (Schonfield) wj‡L‡Qb :
†Muvovwgi (Orthodoxy) cjxq ag©gZ L„óvb a‡g©i wfwËiƒ‡c MY¨
nq Ges êa PvP© ag©we‡ivax e‡j cwiZ¨³ nq|10
Gfv‡e evb©vevm cwiMwYZ nb cÖavb ag© we‡ivaxiƒ‡c|
hxïi Abymvix‡ì Kv‡Q m‡Zï c_ R¨vwgwZi mij †iLvi gZÑ ˆ`N©¨
Av‡Q wKš‘ †Kvb we¯—vi †bB| Zviv hxïi wk¶vi †Kvb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z
ivwR nbwb, KviY GB cwieZ©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wQj myweav jvf| Zv‡ì Kv‡Q
hxïi wk¶vB wQj mZ¨ Ges cwic~Y© mZ¨| evb©vevm I Zuvi Abymvixiv hxïi
KvQ †_‡K †h wk¶v jvf K‡iwQ‡jb Zvi cÖPvi I AbymiY Ae¨vnZ
†i‡LwQ‡jb| Zviv me©`vB Ges GLb ch©š— GKwU kw³ wn‡m‡eB MY¨|
Zv‡ì ga¨ †_‡KB Òmš—Ó (Saint) I cwÊZ‡ì Avwef©ve N‡UwQj| Zviv
L„óvb‡ì cÖwZwU m¤úÖ`v‡qi Kv‡Q kÖ×vi cvÎ wQ‡jb|
hxïi AbymvixMY I evb©vevm KL‡bvB GKwU †K›`ªxq msMVb M‡o
†Zv‡jbwb hwÌ †bZv‡ì mZ¨wbôvi Kvi‡Y Abymvix‡ì msL¨v e„w× †cj
`ª“Z| GmKj †bZv wQ‡jb cÖvÁ I Ávbx hviv Ck¦i‡K fv‡jvevm‡Zb I
Zuvi f‡q fxZ wQ‡jb| Zviv gi“f~wg I ce©‡Z Mgb K‡iwQ‡jb| cÖwZwU
mš—‡K wN‡i GKwU ¶z`ª m¤úÖ`vq M‡o D‡VwQj| Zviv mK‡jB wQ‡jb G‡K
Aci †_‡K c„_K| Gi KviY wQj Zv‡ì evm¯’v‡bi Pvicv‡ki `yM©g
AÂj| msMVb KvVv‡gvi Abycw¯’wZ wQj Zv‡ì kw³i GKwU Drm, KiY
Gi d‡j wbcxobKvix‡ì c‡¶ Zv‡ì AvUK Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv| c‡ji
L„óag© MÖxm n‡q BD‡iv‡c cÖmvwiZ n‡qwQj| c¶vš—‡i G Ck¦i‡cÖgxiv
Zv‡ì Áv‡bi kw³‡Z `w¶‡Y, P~ovš— ch©v‡q DËi Avwd«Kv eivei we¯—vi
jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| Zv‡ì cÖwZwôZ hyemgvR hxïi Abymvix wQj| hviv
ZLbI hxïi wk¶v aviY K‡iwQ‡jb Zviv Zv‡ì Áv‡bi AwaKvskB
mivmwi e¨w³ †_‡K e¨w³‡Z Pwo‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb| AvPvi- eënvi AbyKiY
Kiv nZ Ges ag©wk¶v †`qv nZ †gŠwLKfv‡e| Zviv Ck¦‡ii GKZ¡ cÖPvi
Ae¨vnZ †i‡LwQ‡jb| hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci cÖ_g w`‡Ki kZK¸‡jv‡Z
wewfbœ m¤úÖ`v‡qi mv¶vr cvIqv hvq †hgb. G‡evbvBUm (Ebonites),
†mwibw_qvbm (Cerinthians), e¨vwmwjwWqvbm (Basilidians), hviv
Ck¦i‡K wcZv wn‡m‡e Dcvmbv Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvwb‡qwQj| Zviv Ck¦i‡K
wek¦RM‡Zi me©kw³gvb kvmK, mgK¶nxb m‡e©v”P mËv wn‡m‡eB Dcvmbv
KiZ|
eZ©gv‡b hxïi Rxeb I wk¶v wel‡q eû ai‡bi wjwLZ weeiY cvIqv
hvq| hxï †h fvlvq K_v e‡jwQ‡jb, Zv wQj Aviexi GK K_¨ iƒcÑ
GivwgK| G fvlv mvaviYfv‡e wjwLZ n‡Zv bv| cÖ_g Mm‡cj wjwLZ nq
wneªy‡Z| †mB †Mvovi w`‡Ki w`b¸‡jv‡Z wKQyB AvbyôvwbKfv‡e M„nxZ ev
ewR©Z nqwb| cÖwZwU L„óvb Zvi m¤úÖ`v‡qi †bZvi Dci wbf©i KiZ †h
wZwb †Kvb MÖš’ eënvi Ki‡eb| hvi KvQ †_‡K Zviv wk¶v jvf Ki‡e Zvi
Dci wbf©i K‡i cÖwZwU m¤úÖ`vq GKwU c„_K m~‡Îi Kv‡Q Mgb KiZ| hviv
evb©vev‡mi `„óvš— AbymiY Ki‡Zb Zviv GK m~‡Îi Kv‡Q †h‡Zb, Avevi
hviv c‡ji Abymvix wQ‡jb Zviv †h‡Zb A‡bï Kv‡Q|
Gfv‡e c„w_ex †_‡K hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci ciB hxïi Abymvix I cjxq
Pv‡P©i g‡a¨ mywbw`©ó I e¨vcKZi eëavb m„wó nq| D‡j−L¨, cjxq PvP© c‡i
†ivgvb K¨v_wjK PvP© bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ nq| G cv_©K¨ ïay †h RxebvPviY I
ag© wek¦v‡mi †¶‡ÎB weivwRZ wQj Zv bq. †fŠ‡MvwjK fv‡eI GB cv_©K¨
my¯úó iƒc MÖnY K‡i| cjxq PvP© hZ †ewk cÖwZôv jvf K‡i Zv hxïi
Abymvix‡ì cÖwZ ZZ †ewk êix n‡q I‡V| c‡ji Abymvixiv †ivgvb
kvmK‡ì mv‡_ µgk AwaK nv‡i wb‡R‡ì m¤ú„³ K‡i †djvi †cÖw¶‡Z
L„óvb bv‡gi cwiPq `vbKvixiv †h wbcxo‡bi wkKvi n‡qwQj cieZ©x‡Z
GKZ¡ev‡ì mg_©Kiv †mB wbcxo‡bi cÖavb wkKv‡i cwiYZ nq|
GKZ¡ev`x‡ì ag© wek¦vm cwieZ©‡bi Ges ag©MÖš’ aŸsmmn Zv‡ì wbg©~j
KiviI †Póv P‡j| †m Kvi‡Y Avw` knx`‡ì AwaKvskB wQ‡jb
GKZ¡ev`x| wÎZ¡ev‡ì hZ †ekx cÖmvi NU‡Z _v‡K Zvi Abymvixiv ZZ
†ekx G‡Kk¦iev` mg_©K‡ì we‡ivax n‡q D‡V| G mgq mgªvU Rywjqvb
(Julian) ¶gZvmxb nb| Zvi Avg‡j L„óvb‡ì Aš—we©‡iva Ggb GK
ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡Q †h wZwb ej‡Z eva¨ nb: ÒL„óvb m¤úÖ`vq¸‡jv mvaviY fv‡e
ci¯ú‡ii hZUv êix †Kvb eb¨ cïI gvby‡li cÖwZ ZZUv êix bq|Ó
¯^vfvweK fv‡eB, hxïi wk¶v †_‡K hviv m‡i G‡mwQj Zviv evB‡e‡ji
cwieZ©b NUv‡ZI cÖ¯‘Z wQj, GgbwK Zv‡ì g‡Zi mg_©‡b wg_¨v e³e¨
ms‡hvRb Ki‡ZI Zviv wcQcv wQj bv| †UvjvÛ (Toland) Zvi (The
Nazarenes) MÖ‡š’ Avw` G‡Kk¦iev`x knx`‡ì Ab¨Zg Bivwbqv‡mi
(Iranius) Gi GZ`welqK fvlv D×„Z K‡i‡Qb t
Òmij gvbyl I mZ¨ ag©MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© AÁ †jvK‡ì weåvš— Ki‡Z Zviv
Ab¨vqfv‡e Zv‡ì Dci wb‡R‡ì iwPZ wg_¨v I Rvj ag©MÖ‡š’i †evSv
Pvwc‡q w`‡q‡Q|Ó
†UvjvÛ Av‡jv e‡jb :
ÒAvgiv BwZg‡a¨B Rvwb †h L„óvb Pv‡P©i cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q Kx cwigvY
cÖZviYv N‡UwQj I ag© wek¦vm wb‡q wQwbwgwb †Ljv n‡qwQj| L„óvb
PvP©¸‡jvB mKj Rvj I fyqv ag©MÖš’ MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î AvMÖnx f~wgKv cvjb
K‡i|...... hLb hvRKivB wQj ag©MÖ‡š’i GKgvÎ cÖwZwjwc iPbvKvix Ges
fvj ev g›` mKj ag©MÖ‡š’i GKgvÎ †ndvRZKvix, †m mg‡qB e¨vcK
gvÎvq G AcKg© msNwUZ nq| wKš‘ c‡i mg‡qi cvjv e`‡j L„óa‡g©i
m~Pbv I cÖK…Z iƒc D×vi Kiv, KíKvwnwb †_‡K BwZnvm‡K A_ev åvwš—
†_‡K mZ¨‡K wPwýZ Kiv cÖvq m¤ú~Y© Am¤¢e n‡q c‡o|....
†cÖwiZ‡ì AeëwnZ DËim~wiiv wK K‡i Zv‡ì ¸i“‡ì cÖK…Z
wk¶v‡K Zv‡ì Dci Av‡ivwcZ wg_¨v wk¶v¸‡jvi mv‡_ Zvj‡Mvj cvwK‡q
†dj‡jb? A_ev Zviv hw` G¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© AÜKv‡iB _vK‡eb Zv n‡j
†m¸‡jv GZ ZvovZvwo wK K‡i Zv‡ì Abymi‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q AwaK ¸i“Z¡
jvf Kij? †`Lv hvq, G ai‡bi wg_¨v I Rvj ag©MÖš¸’ ‡jv wMR©vi
cy‡ivwnZ‡ì ÔK¨vbwbKvjÕ (Canonical) MÖš’mg~‡ni mv‡_ cÖvqB
mggh©v`vq ¯’vcb Kiv nZ Ges cÖ_g †_‡K †kl ch©š— meKwU MÖ‡š’B D×„Z
nZ Hkx ag©MÖš’ wn‡m‡e A_ev †Kvb †Kvb mgq †hgbwU Avgiv †`wL, Zviv
†m¸‡jv‡K Hkx wn‡m‡e A¯^xKvi KiZ| cÖkœ Kiv hvq, †Kb wK¬‡g›U Ae
Av‡jKRvÛvi, Iwi‡Rb, UviUvwjqvb I G ai‡bi evwK †jLKMY KZ©…K
LuvwU MÖš’ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ mKj MÖš’B mgfv‡e wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡j MY¨ n‡e
bv? Ges †h me hvRK ev cy‡ivwnZ, hviv ïay G‡K A‡bï we‡ivwaZvB bq,
Dc‡ivš—y GKB NUbv m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì eY©bvi g‡a¨ cÖvqB ¯^wi‡ivwaZv
cwijw¶Z nq, Zv‡ì mv‡¶ï e¨vcv‡iB ev KZUzKz ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv hv‡e?
†UvjvÛ e‡jb †h, G me ÔfÊ cy‡ivwnZ I RvwjqvwZÕ m¤ú‡K© hLb cÖkœ
†Zvjv nq ZLb Zviv hyw³ LÊb Kivi †P‡q cÖkœ DÌvcbKvix‡K ag©we‡ivax
I AvZ¥‡MvcbKvix bvw¯—K e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡Z ïi“ K‡i| wZwb e‡jb.
Zv‡ì G AvPiY Zv‡ì cÖwZ mK‡ji Kv‡Q cÖZviK I RvwjqvZ
wn‡m‡e m‡›`n m„wó K‡i, KviY gvbyl ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB Zvi `ye©j ¯’v‡b
AvNvZ jvM‡j wPwKrmv Ki‡e|....... hvi Kv‡Q cÖ‡kœi Reve Av‡Q †m µz×
n‡e bv| ..........
Ae‡k‡l †Uvjv‡Ûi cÖkœ :
mKj PvP© HwZnvwmK me©m¤§Zfv‡e bvRvwiwb (Nazarenes) A_ev
GweIbvBUm‡ì (Ebionites) L„óag© MÖnYKvix wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvi K‡i
wb‡q‡Qb, A_ev †mB Bqvû`xiv hviv Zuvi wb‡Ri †jvK wn‡m‡e L„‡ói Dci
wek¦vm mn Zuvi RxweZ _vKv I Aš—a©v‡bi K_v wek¦vm Ki‡Zb, ZvivB Zuvi
Kg©Kv‡Êi cÖZ¨¶`k©x wQ‡jb, Ges Zviv mevB Zvi a‡g©i cÖPviKvix
wQ‡jb| G me welq we‡ePbv K‡i Avgvi e³e¨ †h Zv‡ì c‡¶ wK K‡i
(hv‡ì mevB‡K cÖ_g ag©‡`ªvnx e‡j AvL¨vwqZ I A‡bK‡KB `wÊZ Kiv
n‡qwQj) hxïi a‡g©i fyj e¨vL¨v ev Zv wb‡q Pµvš— Kiv m¤¢e? G KvRwU
†mme MÖxK‡ì c‡¶ Kxfv‡e m¤¢e hviv hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci cÖPviKvix‡ì
ga¨‡gB Zvi Abymvix n‡qwQj Ges Zuvi cÖK…Z mZ¨ m¤ú‡K© KL‡bvB
AewnZ wQj bv| A_ev Ck¦i wek¦vmx Bqvû`xMY Qvov hLb Zv‡ì †Kvb
Z_¨ Rvbvi †Kvb DcvqB wQj bv?11
lô Aa¨vq
L„óa‡g©i Avw` GKZ¡ev`xMY
L„óag© cÖPviK‡ì (†cÖwiZ‡ì, hxï I evb©vev‡mi Abymvixiv G
bv‡g cwiwPZ wQ‡jb) ga¨ †_‡K †ek wKQy msL¨K cwÊZ I m‡š—i
Avwef©ve N‡UwQj| Zv‡ì ag©fw³ I Áv‡bi R‡b¨ Zviv GgbwK
AvRI ewiZ I mgv`„Z| Zv‡ì ag©MÖš-’ ¸‡jvi fvl¨ HwZnvwmK Ges
Zv‡Z eZ©gvb †Muvov K¨v_wjK PvP© Gi cÖPwjZ evB‡e‡ji gZ g~j
fv‡l¨ iƒcK AvKv‡i †Kvb A_© jywK‡q ivLv nqwb, eis †cÖwiZ bexi
e¨³ evYxi mij A_© MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| evB‡e‡ji wKQy Ask‡K
Ab¨vb¨ As‡ki PvB‡Z †ewk ¸i“Z¡ cÖ`v‡bi wei“‡×I Zviv †mv”Pvi
f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| Zuviv Ck¦‡ii GK‡Z¡i Dci ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc
K‡iwQ‡jb Ges wÎZ¡ev‡ì mvgvb¨Zg mg_©b K‡i, Ggb gZev`
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuviv HwZnvwmK hxïi DciB †Rvi
w`‡qwQ‡jb Ges Zuvi m¤ú‡K© K_v ejvi mgq ÔcyÎÕ kãwU cwinvi
K‡iwQ‡jb| hxï †h fv‡e Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Zb Ges †hgb AvPiY
Ki‡Zb Zuviv wVK ZviB AbymiY Kivi †Póv Ki‡Zb| Zuv‡ì
A‡b‡KB DËi Avwd«Kvq emevm Ki‡Zb| hxïi Gme Abymvix‡ì
g‡a¨ me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡cY~ © K‡qKRb m¤ú‡K© bx‡P D‡j−L Kiv nj:
Bivwbqvm (Iranaeus) 130-200 L„.)

Bivwbqv‡mi Rb¥Kv‡j hxïi cÖK…Z Abymvix ag© cÖPviK‡ì
cÖPvwiZ L„óag© DËi Avwd«Kv I †¯úb Ges `w¶Y d«vÝ ch©š— cÖmvi
jvf K‡iwQj| wjqu (Lyons)- Gi wekc cw_bv‡mi (Pothinus)
c¶ †_‡K †iv‡g †cvc Gjy‡_iv‡gi Kv‡Q †cÖwiZ GK ìLv¯— cÖm‡½
Bivwbqvm m¤ú‡K© cÖ_g D‡j−L cvIqv hvq| G ìLv‡¯— cjxq Pv‡P©i
ag©g‡Zi mv‡_ GKgZ bq Ggb L„óvb‡ì Dci wbcxob e‡Üi R‡b¨
†cv‡ci Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Rvbv‡bv nq| BivwbqvmB G ìLv¯— enb K‡i
wb‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb †iv‡g _vKv Ae¯’vqB ïb‡Z cvb †h mKj
wfbœ gZvej¤^x L„óvbmn wekc cw_bvm‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| †ivg
†_‡K †divi ci wZwb wjqui wekc wn‡m‡e cw_bv‡mi ¯’jvwfwl³
nb|
190 L„. Bivwbqvm wb‡RB ïaygvÎ ag©xq wfbœg‡Zi Kvi‡Y
L„óvb‡ì MYnZ¨v eÜ Kivi R‡b¨ †cvc wf±i‡K Aby‡iva Rvwb‡q
cÎ †j‡Lb| wKš‘ GKB NUbvi cybive„wË N‡U Ges wZwb wb‡RB
200 L„. wbnZ nb| G fv‡e L„óa‡g©i R‡b¨ Bivwbqv‡mi Rxeb
DrmwM©Z nq|
Bivwbqvm GK Ck¦‡i wek¦vm Ki‡Zb Ges hxïi gvbweKZvi
g‡Zi mg_©K wQ‡jb| wZwb L„óa‡g© †cŠËwjK ag© c†Uvbxq `k©b
cÖweó Kivi R‡b¨ cj‡K `vqx K‡i Zvi Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib|
Bivwbqvm Zvi †jLvq evb©vevm‡i Mm‡c‡ji e¨vcK D×„wZ w`‡Zb|
Zvi †jLv c‡oB d«v gvwi‡bv D³ Mm‡c‡ji e¨vcv‡i AvMÖnx n‡q
I‡Vb Ges Zuvi cwiYwZ‡ZB wZwb †cv‡ci jvB‡eªwi‡Z evb©vev‡mi
Mm‡c‡ji BZvjxq cvÊywjwc Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
UviUvwjqvb (Tertullian) (160-220L„.)

UviUvwjqvb Avwd«Kvb Pv‡P©i Abymvix wQ‡jb| wZwb wQ‡jb
Kv‡_©‡Ri Awaevmx| wZwb Ck¦‡ii GK‡Z¡ wek¦vmx wQ‡jb Ges Bqvû`x
†gwmqvn‡K hxï wnmv‡e wPwýZ K‡ib| AvbykvmwbK AbyZvc
cÖKv‡ki ci Mwn©Z cv‡ci cÖvqwðË nq e‡j †cvc K¨vwjmUvm †h
weavb Rvwi K‡ib, wZwb Zvi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib| wZwb Ck¦‡ii
GK‡Z¡i Dci †Rvi †`b|
UviUvwjqvb wj‡LwQ‡jb : ÒmvaviY gvbyl hxï‡K GKRb gvbyl
wn‡m‡eB fv‡e|Ó wZwbB cÖ_g j¨vwUb fvlvq MxR©v m¤úwK©Z iPbvq
wÎZ¡ev‡ì bZzb A™¢yZ ag©gZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q ÔwÎZ¡ev`Õ kãwU
eënvi K‡ib| AbycÖvwYZ ag©MÖš¸
’ ‡jv‡Z GK mgq G kãwU
eënviB Kiv nqwb|
Awi‡Rb (Origen) (185-245 L„.)

Awi‡Rb Rb¥m~‡Î wgkixq wQ‡jb| m¤¢eZ wZwb Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv w_IwbWvm GKwU wk¶v‡K›`ª cÖwZôv
K‡ib Ges weL¨vZ ag©ZË¡we` wK¬‡g›U‡K Gi cÖavb wb‡qvM K‡ib|
Awi‡Rb GLv‡bB wk¶v jvf K‡ib| wjIwbWvm L„óag© cÖPviK‡ì
cÖPvwiZ a‡g©i Abymvix wQ‡jb| cjxq PvP© Zvi ag© wek¦vm Aby‡gv`b
K‡iwb| KviY wZwb c‡ji ag©xq e¨vL¨v I bZzb ms‡hvRb †g‡b wb‡Z
A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvb| 208 L„. wjIwbWvm‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| Awi‡Rb
GB gg©š‘` NUbvq GZUv wePwjZ nb †h wZwb L„óa‡g©i R‡b¨ wb‡Ri
Rxeb DrmM© Ki‡Z Z_v knx` n‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zvi gv‡qi
evavi Kvi‡Y Zv m¤¢e nqwb|
wb‡Ri Rxeb wecbœ †`‡L Awi‡R‡bi wk¶K wK¬‡g›U
Av‡jKRvw›`ªqv †_‡K cjvqb K‡ib| wcZv wbnZ, wk¶K cjvZK|
†mB k¼vRbK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Awi‡Rb wb‡RI wec`vcbœ n‡q c‡ob|
wKš‘ wcZvi cÖwZwôZ we`¨vj‡qi bqv cÖavb wn‡m‡e wZwb kxNªB Ávb
I Aaëmv‡qi Kvi‡Y L¨vwZgvb n‡q I‡Vb| Zvi Ck¦ifw³ I
AwZwi³ ag©cÖxwZ Zvi Rb¨ `y‡f©v‡Mi KviY nq| gw_i 19t 12
†k−v‡K ejv n‡q‡Q :
wKQy bcysmK gvbyl Av‡Q hviv gvZ… Mf© †_‡K bcysmK wkïi
gZB Rb¥ †bq Ges wKQy gvbyl Av‡Q hv‡ì bcysmK Kiv nq
Ges Ggb wKQy gvbyl Av‡Q hviv ci†jŠwKK mydj jv‡fi R‡b¨
wb‡R‡ì‡K bcysmK K‡i †bq| †h Zv Ki‡Z m¶g, Zv‡K Zv
Ki‡Z `vI|
230 L„. Awi‡Rb wdwjw¯—‡b cv`ªx wbhy³ nb| wKš‘ wekc
†Wgvwiqvm (Demerius) Zv‡K DrLvZ K‡ib Ges wbe©vm‡b
cvVvb| 231 L„. wZwb Kvqmvwiqvq AvkÖq jvf K‡ib| wcZvi `„óvš—
Abymi‡Y wZwb Kvqmvwiqvq GKwU we`¨vjq cÖwZôv K‡ib| G
we`¨vjqwUI AZ¨š— L¨vwZ jvf K‡i| PZz`©k kZvãx‡Z MÖxK evB‡ej
cÖ_g j¨vwUb fvlvq Abyev` K‡ib mvay †R‡ivg (Jerome)| wZwb
Awi‡R‡bi cÖwZ ïi“‡Z mg_©b Rvbvb| wKš‘ c‡i wZwb wÎZ¡ev‡`
wek¦vmx n‡q I‡Vb Ges Awi‡R‡bi kÎ“‡Z cwiYZ nb| Awi‡Rb
hv‡Z PvP© KZ©…K `wÊZ nb, †m R‡b¨ †R‡ivg †Póv Pvjvb| wKš‘
Awi‡R‡bi RbwcÖqZvi Kvi‡Y wekc Rb (Bishop John) Zv
Kivi mvnm cvbwb| cÖK…Zc‡¶ Awi‡Rb wb‡RB †`kZ¨vMx nb| hv
†nvK, †kl ch©š— 250 L„. †R‡ivg mdj nb| Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi
KvDwÝj Awi‡Rb‡K `wÊZ K‡i| Zuv‡K KvivMv‡i wb‡¶c Kiv nq|
`xN©Kvj wbh©vZ‡bi d‡j Ae‡k‡l 254 L„. KvivMv‡iB Awi‡Rb
g„Zz¨gy‡L cwZZ nb| Zuvi Kviv`‡Êi KviY wQj wZwb wÎZ¡ev`
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQ‡jb Ges GKZ¡ev` cÖPvi Ki‡Zb| wZwb wek¦vm
Ki‡Zb, Ck¦i me©‡kÖô, hxï Zuvi mgK¶ wQ‡jb bv, eis Zuvi ev›`v
wQ‡jb|
Awi‡Rb cÖvq 6kÕ M‡elYvg~jK MÖš’ I ÁvbMf© cÖeÜ
wj‡LwQ‡jb| Zuv‡K Pv‡P©i BwZnv‡mi me©v‡c¶v AvKl©Yxq
(Appealing) PwiÎ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg e‡j eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
†hŠe‡bi cÖ_g †_‡K Rxe‡bi †kl w`b ch©š— wZwb wQ‡jb
AKz‡Zvfq| wZwb wQ‡jb we‡eKÁvb m¤úbœ, I mwnòy Ges GKRb
†kÖô wk¶‡Ki mKj ¸Yvewj Zuvi wQj| hviv Zuvi Kv‡Q wk¶v jvf
K‡iwQj Zviv Zuv‡K fv‡jvevmZ| Zuvi cv_©K¨ wbiƒcY ¶gZv I
m„Rbkxj kw³ I wecyj Ávb L„óvb mgv‡R wQj Zzjbvnxb|
Wv‡qv‡Wvivm (Diodorus)
Wv‡qv‡Wvivm wQ‡jb Uvim‡mi GKRb wekc| hxïi Avmj
wk¶vi Abymvix L„óvb‡ì g‡a¨ Zuv‡K Ab¨Zg ¸i“Z¡cY~ © †bZv wn‡m‡e
MY¨ Kiv nZ|
Wv‡qv‡Wvivm gZ †cvlY Ki‡Zb †h wek¦ cwieZ©bkxj| wKš‘ G
cwieZ©b ¯^qs GKwU ïi“i kZ© wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i hvi wcQ‡b i‡q‡Q
wbiew”Qbœ aviv| Dciš‘ Rxe‡bi êwPÎ¨ Ges cwieZ©‡bi GB we‡kl
cÖwµqvq †h cÖÁv cwijw¶Z nq Zv g~‡ji HK¨ wb‡`©k K‡i Ges
GKRb mªóv I `~i`k©xi Dcw¯’wZi cÖgvY †`q| G ai‡bi mªóv ïay
GKRbB n‡Z cv‡ib|
Wv‡qv‡Wvivm gvbweK cÖvY I i³- gvs‡mi kixi m¤úbœ hxï‡K
GKRb cwic~Y© gvbyl e‡jB MY¨ Ki‡Zb|
jywmqvb (Lucian)
GKRb Ávbx wn‡m‡e jywmqv‡bi hZUv L¨vwZ wQj wVK ZZUvB
L¨vwZ wQj Zvi Ck¦i- fxi“Zvi R‡b¨| wZwb wneªy I MÖxK fvlvq
cvi`k©x wQ‡jb| 220 L„. †_‡K 290 L„. ch©š— wZwb PvP© m¤úÖ`v‡qi
evB‡i Ae¯’vb K‡ib| Zuvi cweÎZv I Mfxi cvwÊZ¨ wecyj msL¨K
†jvK‡K AvK…ó K‡i| Zuvi we`¨vjqwU wkMwMiB cieZ©x Kv‡j
ÔAvwiqvbÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ gZev‡ì jvjb †K›`ª n‡q I‡V| Avwiqvm
wQ‡jb Zuvi GKRb QvÎ|
jywmqvb ag©MÖ‡š’i e¨vKiwYK I Av¶wiK e¨vL¨vq wek¦vmx wQ‡jb|
wZwb ag©MÖ‡š’i cÖZxKx I iƒcK A_© mÜv‡bi cÖeYZvi we‡ivwaZv
K‡ib| wZwb ag© MÖ‡š’i M‡elYvg~jK I mgv‡jvPbvg~jK c×wZ
mg_©b Ki‡Zb| GB ci¯úi we‡ivax `„wófw½ †_‡K †evSv hvq †h G
mgq †jv‡K µgkB AwaKZi gvÎvq ag©MÖ‡š’i Dci Av¯’vkxj n‡q
D‡VwQj| Ab¨w`‡K hxïi wk¶vi †gŠwLK fv‡lï Dci µgkB
Zv‡ì Av¯’v n«vm cvw”Qj| Zv Qvov hxïi wk¶v mvgwMÖKfv‡e †h KZ
`ª“Z wejyß nq G †_‡K ZviI Avfvm †g‡j|
jywmqvb GKRb weivU cwÊZ wQ‡jb| wZwb Iì †Uóv‡g‡›Ui MÖxK
Abyev`wU ms‡kvab K‡iwQ‡jb| Mm‡cjmg~n MÖxK fvlvq Abyw`Z
nIqvi ci †m¸‡jv‡Z †hme cwieZ©b NUv‡bv nq wZwb Zvi
A‡bKUvB wbg©~j K‡ib Ges 4wU Mm‡cj cÖKvk K‡ib| Zvi g‡Z
†m¸‡jvB wQj mZ¨ Mm‡cj| GLb cjxq PvP© KZ©…K M„nxZ †h 4wU
Mm‡cj i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv jywmqv‡bi Mm‡c‡ji Abyiƒc bq|
wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h hxï Ck¦‡ii mgK¶ bb Ges wZwb
wQ‡jb Ck¦‡ii Aaxb¯’ ev›`v| G wek¦v‡mi Kvi‡Y wZwb cjxq Pv‡P©i
kÎ“‡Z cwiYZ nb| e¨vcK wbh©vZ‡bi ci 312 L„. Zuvi g„Z¨z nq|
Avwiqvm (Arius) (250-336 L„.)

Avwiqv‡mi Rxe‡bi mv‡_ mgªvU KbóvbUvB‡bi Rxeb Ggb
Awe‡”Q`¨ fv‡e m¤úwK©Z †h GKRb‡K bv †R‡b Ab¨‡K Rvbv m¤¢e
bq| †ivgK Pv‡P©i Abymvix mgªvU KbóvbUvBb L„óvb Pv‡P©i ms¯ú‡k©
wK fv‡e G‡jb †m Kvwnwb D‡jL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
KbóvbUvBb Zvi †R¨ô cyÎ I wmsnvm‡bi DËivwaKvix
wµmcv‡mi (Crispus) cÖwZ Cl©vwš^Z wQ‡jb| Zi“Y ivRKzgvi
my›ì eënvi, PgrKvi AvPiY Ges hy× †¶‡Î mvnwmKZvi R‡b¨
AZ¨š— RbwcÖq n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb| mgªvU Zuvi wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb hv‡Z
wecbœ bv nq †m R‡b¨ wµmcvm‡K nZ¨v K‡ib| wµmcv‡mi g„Zz¨‡Z
mgMÖ mvgªv‡R¨ welv‡ì Qvqv †b‡g Av‡m| Rvbv hvq †h wµcv‡mi mr
gvZv wb‡Ri cy‡Îi wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivn‡Yi c_ wb®‹ÈK Kivi R‡b¨
D`MÖxe wQ‡jb| †m Kvi‡Y wµmcvm‡K nZ¨v Kiv Zvi AwfcÖvq wQj|
KbóvbUvBb G Kvi‡Y G nZ¨vi R‡b¨ Zuv‡K `vqx K‡ib Ges Mig
cvwb fwZ© †PŠev”Pvi g‡a¨ wb‡¶c K‡i Zuv‡K nZ¨v K‡ib| G fv‡e
wZwb GK nZ¨v Øviv Av‡iKwU nZ¨vi `vq Ac‡bv`b Ki‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Gi dj wZwb hv †f‡ewQ‡jb Zvi wecixZ nq|
wbnZ ivYxi mg_©Kiv Zvi g„Z cy‡Îi mg_©K‡ì mv‡_ wgwjZ nq
Ges cÖwZ‡kva MÖn‡Yi R‡b¨ m‡Pó n‡q D‡V| KbóvbUvBb Dcvqš—i
bv †`‡L †iv‡gi RywcUv‡ii gw›`‡ii cy‡ivwnZ‡ì kiYvcbœ nb| wKš‘
Zviv e‡jb †h Ggb †Kvb DrmM© ev cÖv_©bv †bB hv Zuv‡K G `ywU
nZ¨vi `vq †_‡K gy³ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Ae¯’v Ggb ùvovq †h
KbóvbUvBb †iv‡g Ae¯’v‡b ¯^w¯— †eva bv Kivq evBRvbwUqvg P‡j
hvIqvi wm×vš— MÖnY K‡ib|
evBRvbwUqv‡g †cuŠ‡Q wZwb Zuvi bv‡g kniwUi bvgKiY K‡ib|
ZLb †_‡K kniwUi bvg nq Kbóvw›U‡bvcj (Constantinople)|
GLv‡b wZwb cjxq Pv‡P©i KvQ †_‡K AcÖZ¨vwkZ mg_©b jvf K‡ib|
Zviv Zv‡K Rvbvq †h wZwb hw` Zv‡ì Pv‡P© cÖvqwðË K‡ib Z‡e Zvi
cvc gyw³ NU‡e| KbóvbUvBb Gi c~Y© my‡hvM MÖnY K‡ib| ïay `yÕwU
nZ¨vi i‡³ KbóvbUvB‡bi nvZ †h iwÄZ wQj ZvB bq, mvgªvR¨
kvm‡bi wewfbœ mgm¨vqI wZwb nveyWyey Lvw”Q‡jb| G fv‡e Aciva
¯^xKv‡ii gva¨‡g we‡e‡Ki `skb †_‡K gyw³ jvf K‡i Ges `ywðš—v
†_‡K †invB †c‡q wZwb mvgªv‡Rï w`‡K g‡bvwb‡ek Ki‡jb| wZwb
wb‡Ri ¯^v_©wmw×i R‡b¨ PvP©‡K eënv‡ii m¤¢vebv †`L‡jb Gfv‡e †h
wZwb hw` Pv‡P©i AvbyMZ¨ jvf K‡ib Zv n‡j wZwbI PvP©‡K c~Y©
mg_©b †`‡eb| Zuvi KvQ †_‡K AcÖZ¨vwkZ mg_©b jvf K‡i PvP©
ivZvivwZ kw³kvjx I ¶gZvevb n‡q I‡V| KbóvbUvBb Gi
c~Y©eënvi K‡ib| f~ga¨mvM‡ii Pvicv‡ki †`k¸‡jv‡Z AmsL¨
L„óvb PvP© wQj| mgªvU KbóvbUvBb †h jovB KiwQ‡jb †m jovB‡q
PvP©¸‡jv‡K cy‡ivcywi Kv‡R jvwM‡q wecyj myweav jvf K‡ib| eû
cy‡ivwnZB Zvi †Mv‡q›`v e„wËi Kv‡R AZ¨š— mnvqK n‡qwQ‡jb|
BD‡ivc I ga¨cÖvP¨‡K Zuvi Aax‡b GKwÎZ Kivi cÖ‡Póvq G mvnvh¨
wQj AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡cY~ |© AskZ K…ZÁZv Ávc‡bi R‡b¨ Ges AskZ
RywcUv‡ii gw›`‡ii †h †ivgvb cy‡ivwnZiv Zuv‡K mg_©b w`‡Z
A¯^xK…wZ Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb Zv‡ì ¶gZv wejyß Kivi R‡b¨ wZwb †iv‡g
GKwU PvP© cÖwZôvi R‡b¨ L„óvb‡ì DrmvwnZ K‡ib| hv‡nvK,
KbóvbUvBb wb‡R L„óvb n‡jb bv, KviY Zuvi eû mn‡hvMxB RywcUvi
Ges †iv‡gi †èZvi gw›`‡ii Ab¨vb¨ †èZv‡ì wek¦vm Ki‡Zb|
Zv‡ì g‡b hv‡Z †Kvb m‡›`‡ni D‡`ªK bv nq †m R‡b¨ wZwb
eûmsL¨K wm×vš— MÖnY K‡ib hv †_‡K cÖgvwYZ nq †h wZwb †ivgvb
†èZv‡ìB Dcvmbv Ki‡Zb| hLb cjxq PvP© I hxïi cÖK…Z
Abymvix L„óvb‡ì Pv‡P©i g‡a¨ cy‡iv‡bv we‡iva gv_v Pvov w`‡q DVj
ZLbI me wKQy fvjfv‡eB PjwQj e‡j AbywgZ nq|
G mgq hxï Abymvix Pv‡P©i †bZv wQ‡jb GKRb hvRK whwb
BwZnv‡m Avwiqvm bv‡g cwiwPZ| wZwb Rb¥MZ m~‡Î wQ‡jb wjweqvi
Awaevmx| hxï Abymvix PvP©‡K wZwb GK bqv kw³ `vb K‡iwQ‡jb|
wZwb hxïi wk¶vi Ø¨_©nxb Abymvix wQ‡jb Ges c‡ji cÖewZ©Z ag©
MÖnY Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvb| Avwiqv‡mi K_v wQj, hxï †h ag©
cÖPvi Ki‡Qb †mUvB AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡eÑ Ab¨wKQy bq| GLb ch©š—
G‡Kk¦iev‡ì mg_©K wn‡m‡e Zvi bvg ¯§iY Kiv n‡q _v‡K| G
†_‡K Zvi f~wgKv I Av‡e`‡bi ¸i“Z¡ Abyaveb Kiv hvq|
cjxq PvP© Avwiqv‡mi KvQ †_‡K cÖPÊ av°v †L‡qwQj| Zvi
kÎ“‡ì gZ wZwb †Kvb KzPµx e¨w³ wQ‡jb bv| ZvB mvaviY
gvby‡li gZ ZvivI Zv‡K wek¦¯— I wb‡`©vl hvRK wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvi
Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQj| †h mgq gy‡L gy‡L ag©cÖPv‡ii cÖ_v `ye©j n‡q
co‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj (†h hxïi wk¶v‡K Rxeš— †i‡LwQj) Ges hLb
wjwLZ ag©MÖ‡š’i cÖwZI wek¦vm n«vm †c‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj ZLb Avwiqvm
Zuvi cÖvYkw³ I Ávb w`‡q Df‡qiB cybi“¾xeb I bevqb mvab
K‡iwQ‡jb| cjxq PvP© I mgªvU KbóvbUvB‡bi g‡a¨ M‡o IVv
AvuZvZ †_‡K wZwb `~‡i m‡i wQ‡jb|
Avwiqvm cjxq Pv‡P©i KÆi mgv‡jvPK, a‡g©i R‡b¨
Rxe‡bvrmM©Kvix, cvwÊ‡Zï R‡b¨ myL¨vZ Gw›UI‡Ki jywmqv‡bi
(Lucian) wkl¨ wQ‡jb| jywmqvb Zuvi c~e©m~wii gZB cjxq Pv‡P©i
ag©gZ AbymiY bv Kivi Kvi‡Y wbnZ nb| GB Pv‡P©i Kv‡Q
MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq Ggb ag© wek¦vm jvjb Kivi wec¾bK cwiYwZ
m¤ú‡K© Avwiqvm m‡PZb wQ‡jb| Zuvi cÖ_g Rxeb in‡mï Avov‡j
Ave„Z _vK‡jI Rvbv hvq †h 318 L„. wZwb Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi eKvwjm
(Baucalis) Pv‡P©i `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| bMixi PvP©¸‡jvi
g‡a¨ GwU wQj me©v‡c¶v cÖvPxb Ges Ab¨Zg ¸i“Z¡cY~ © PvP©|
cÖvß Ach©vß Z_¨ †_‡K Rvbv hvq, Avwiqvm wQ‡jb `xN© I
K…kKvq| wZwb nq‡Zv my`k©b wQ‡jb, wKš‘ AwZkq K…kKvq nIqvi
Kvi‡Y Zvi gyLgÊj wQj AZ¨š— d¨vKv‡k, Ab¨w`‡K `„wókw³i
`ye©jZvi R‡b¨ Zvi `„wó _vKZ AvbZ| Zvi †cvkvK I eënvi wQj
GKRb wbôvevb Zvc‡mi| wZwb GKwU Lv‡Uv nvZv `xN© †KvU cwiavb
Ki‡Zb| Zvi gv_vi Pzj wQj RU cvKv‡bv| mvaviYZ wZwb bxie
_vK‡jI †Kvb †Kvb Dcj‡¶ cÖPÊ D‡ËwRZ ¯^‡i K_v ej‡Zb| Zvi
KÉ¯^‡i GKwU gvayh© wQj| Zvi wbKU mvwbœ‡a¨ hviv AvmZ Zviv Zvi
Avš—wiKZv I eënv‡i gy» nZ| wZwb Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi me©v‡c¶v
¸i“Z¡cY~ © hvRK wnmv‡e mK‡ji Mfxi kÖ×v AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb:
Zuvi L¨vwZ wkMwMiB Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi evB‡iI Qwo‡q c‡o|
GKRb wbôvevb Kg©x Ges K‡Vvi Zvcm Rxeb Zuv‡K G L¨vwZ
G‡b w`‡qwQj| wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb ¶gZvkvjx ag©- cÖPviK
whwb AZ¨š— `„pZvi mv‡_ †LvjvLywj a‡g©i gnvb bxwZ I Av`k©
AbymiY K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi wQj Ac~e© evwM¥Zv I PgrKvi
e¨w³Z¡| wZwb †h wel‡q AvMÖn †eva Ki‡Zb Zv A‡bï g‡a¨
mÂvwiZ Ki‡Z m¶g wQ‡jb| we‡k¦i Ab¨vb¨ gnvb ag©xq
†bZv‡ì gZ wZwbI wQ‡jb †Muvov ag©wbô Ges wZwb †h ag©gZ
cÖPvi Ki‡Zb Zv wQj ewjô I djcÖm|~ 1
Rvbv hvq †h Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi eû gwnjv Zvi Abymvix n‡qwQj|
G L„óvb gwnjv‡ì msL¨v 7kZÕi Kg wQj bv|2
G mgq ch©š— GKRb L„óvb‡KI Zvi ag© wek¦v‡mi Rb¨ cxob
Kiv nqwb| wewfbœ L„óvb m¤úÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ gZ cv_©K¨ wQj, KL‡bv Zv
Mfxi I wZ³ iƒc cwiMÖn KiZ, wKš‘ †Kvb e¨w³i ag© wek¦vm wQj
Zvi wbR¯^ e¨w³MZ wm×vš— I Avš—wiKZvi welq| c„w_ex †_‡K
hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi c‡ii G mgqKv‡j mva I Ôag© knx`Õiv Zv‡ì ag©
wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ Av‡cvl Kivi †P‡q nvwmgy‡L cÖvY w`‡q‡Qb| kvmK
KZ©c… ¶ G ag©wek¦vmx‡ì wbg©~j Kivi R‡b¨ Z‡jvqvi D‡Ëvjb
Ki‡jI wbwðZfv‡e Zv‡ì ag© wek¦vm cwieZ©‡b eva¨ K‡iwb|
KbóvbUvBb hLb cjxq Pv‡P©i mv‡_ cÖ_g †RvUe× n‡jb, ZLb
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z bvUKxq cwieZ©b †`Lv w`j| wZwb †ivgvb †èZv‡ì
c~Rvwi wQ‡jb Ges †cŠËwjK iv‡óªi ag©xq cÖavb nIqv m‡Ë¡I mivmwi
cjxq PvP©‡K mg_©b Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| cjxq L„óag© I hxïi g~j
a‡g©i Abymvix‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU we‡f` m„wó KivB m¤¢eZ Zvi D‡Ïk¨
wQj| G AvbyK‚j¨ L„óvbag©‡K bZzb Av‡jvq D™¢vwmZ K‡i Ges Kvh©Z
Zv †ivgvb mvgªv‡Rï ivóªxq ag© wek¦v‡m cwiYZ nq| eû †jv‡Ki
R‡b¨B L„óvb ag© AvKw¯§Kfv‡e hyMcr bxwZ I myweav jv‡fi welq
n‡q I‡V| d‡j mvgvb¨ miKvix Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡ZB G hver
wbi‡c¶ wKQy †jvK cjxq Pv‡P©i Abymvix‡Z cwiYZ nq| Z‡e eû
†jvKB Aš—i †_‡K bq, m¤ú~Y© wfbœ Kvi‡Y L„óa‡g© `x¶v MÖnY K‡i|
L„óvb ag© GK MY Av‡›`vjb n‡q D‡V| 3 hv‡nvK, G NUbv cjxq PvP©
I hxïi cÖK…Z Abymvix L„óvb m¤úÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ cybivq wefw³ NUvq|
hviv myweav jv‡fi Rb¨ L„óvb ag© MÖnY K‡iwQj Zviv ¯^fveZB
A‡bK Kg K‡Vvi cjxq PvP©‡K †e‡Q wb‡qwQj| Ab¨w`‡K hxïi
cÖK…Z a‡g©i Abymvix PvP© Zv‡ìB Avgš¿Y RvbvZ hvi wbôvi mv‡_ G
ag©wU MÖnY I cvj‡b m¤§Z wQj| KbóvbUvBb, whwb G ch©v‡q bv
L„óag©‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Zb bv Zv‡Z wek¦vm Ki‡Zb, GKwU HKë×
Pv‡P©i ivR‰bwZK myweav Dcjwä K‡ib hv Zv‡K gvb¨ Ki‡e Ges
hvi †K›`ª n‡e †ivg, †Ri“hv‡jg bq| hxïi a‡g©i cÖK…Z Abymvix PvP©
hLb Zvi B”Qv cvj‡b A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvq ZLb wZwb ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi
gva¨‡g Zv‡ì ekxf~Z Kivi †Póv Ki‡jb| G AKviY Pvc wKš‘
cÖZ¨vwkZ dj e‡q Avb‡Z cv‡iwb| hxïi cÖK…Z a‡g©i Abymvix †ek
wKQy L„óvb m¤úÖ`vq ZLb ch©š— †iv‡gi wek‡ci cÖfyZ¡ †g‡b wb‡Z
A¯^xK…wZ Rvwb‡qwQj| Zviv G NUbv‡K GKRb we‡`wk kvm‡Ki
ivR‰bwZK D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Ges hxïi wk¶v †_‡K m¤ú~Y© c„_K
GKwU c`‡¶c wn‡m‡eB MY¨ K‡i|
cÖ_g we‡`ªv‡ni NUbvwU M‡U DËi Avwd«Kvq evievi m¤úÖ`v‡qi
ga¨ †_‡K Avwiqvm bb, †WvbvUvm (Donatus) bvgK GK e¨w³ G
we‡`ªv‡ni †bZ…Z¡ †`b| evieviiv mvgwMÖKfv‡e KwZcq †gŠwjK
wek¦v‡m wek¦vmx wQj| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q kw³kvjx wQj Ck¦‡ii
GK‡Z¡ wek¦vm| Zviv hxï‡K GKRb bex wn‡m‡eB wek¦vm KiZ, Ck¦i
wn‡m‡e KL‡bvB bq| †h‡nZz hxï Zuvi ag© cÖPv‡ii †K›`ª wn‡m‡e
†iv‡gi K_v KL‡bvB D‡jL K‡ibwb †m‡nZz Zv‡ì Kv‡Q G iKg
†Kvb aviYv MÖnY‡hvM¨ wQj bv| 313 L„. Gme †jvK †WvbvUvm‡K
Zv‡ì wekc wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb K‡i| cÖvq 40 eQi a‡i †WvbvUvm
Zv‡ì Pv‡P©i †bZ…‡Z¡ †`b hv †iv‡gi wek‡ci cÖwZc¶ wn‡m‡eB
µgk cÖmvi jvf K‡i| †R‡iv‡gi g‡Z, Ô†WvbvUvmev`Õ GK cÖR‡b¥i
g‡a¨ cÖvq mgMÖ DËi Avwd«Kvi a‡g© cwiYZ nq| †Kvb kw³ ev hyw³
w`‡qB Zvi cwieZ©b Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv|
†iv‡gi wekc †WvbvUv‡mi ¯’‡j Kv‡_©‡R Avi GKRb wb‡Ri
wekc‡K cÖwZwôZ Kivi †Póv K‡ib| Zvi bvg wQj †Kwmwjqvb
(Cacealian)| mgªvU Kb÷vbUvB‡bi gh©v`vi Kvi‡Y Dfq
wee`gvb c¶B G e¨vcv‡i Zvi kiYvcbœ nq| g‡b nq, Zviv
†f‡ewQj †h †Kvb GK ivRvi mg_©b jvf Ki‡j Avi jovB Ki‡Z
n‡e bv| mgªvU KbóvbUvB‡bi c„ô‡cvlKZv jv‡fi G cÖqvm L„óvb
a‡g©i BwZnv‡m GK ¸i“Z¡cY~ © cwieZ©‡bi m~Pbv K‡i| GB
cÖ_gev‡ii gZ gZwe‡f` I cÖPwjZ ag©g‡Z Awek¦vm wbi‡c¶ AvBb
Øviv kvw¯—‡hvM¨ Aciva nIqv m¤¢e nj| GB AvB‡b a‡g©i i¶vKeP
†mB cv‡e †h wb‡R‡K KÆi ag© wek¦vmx e‡j cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvi‡e
Ges Zv cvivi ci G AvBb Zvi wei“‡×B eëüZ n‡e †h ag©
wek¦v‡mi bqv gvb`‡Êi mv‡_ wfbœgZ †cvlY Ki‡e| KbóvbUvBb
†Kwmwjqv‡bi c¶ mg_©b Ki‡jb| Kv‡_©‡Ri Awaevmxiv †ivgvb
Dc-Kbmv‡ji Awd‡mi mvg‡b R‡ov nj Ges †Kwmwjqv‡bi wb›`v
Kij| KbóvbUvBb Zv‡ì AvPi‡Y wei³ n‡jb| Zv m‡Ë¡I wZwb
Dfq c‡¶i e³e¨ †kvbvi R‡b¨ †iv‡gi wek‡ci †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU
UªvBeybvj MVb K‡ib| †WvbvUvm †mLv‡b nvwRi nbwb Ges Zvi c‡¶
hyw³- ZK© †ck KiviI †KD †mLv‡b wQj bv| Zvi Abycw¯’wZ‡ZB
Zvi wei“‡× ivq †Ìqv nq| Avwd«Kvq hxïi cÖK…Z wk¶vi Abymvix
PvP© †ivgvb wek‡ci cÖ`Ë GKZidv ivq cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| G NUbvq
KbóvbUvB‡bi wei“‡× G e‡j †¶vf cÖKvk Kiv nj †h, ÒCk¦‡ii
gš¿xMY dvjZz gvgjvevR‡ì gZ wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ evK- weZÊvq wjß
wQ‡jbÓ4 nZvk nIqv m‡Ë¡I KbóvbUvBb Avi‡j‡m bZzb K‡i
GKwU UªvBeybvj ¯’vcb Ki‡jb| Dfq c‡¶i ïbvwb AbywôZ nIqvi
Av‡M †Kvb iKg msNl© hv‡Z bv N‡U †m R‡b¨ Zv‡ì c„_K c„_K
c‡_ Avi‡j‡m Avmvi R‡b¨ wb‡`©k †Ìqv nq| †WvbvUv‡mi mg_©Kiv
cybivq civwRZ nb| G UªvBeybv‡ji iv‡q ejv nq : ÒwekcMY
wb‡R‡ì wec¾bK †jvK‡ì mv‡_B †`L‡Z †c‡q‡Qb hv‡ì †`‡ki
KZ©c… ¶- ev HwZ‡nï cÖwZ †Kvb kÖ×v †bB| GKgvÎ kvw¯—B Zv‡ì
cÖvc¨|Ó5 Av‡Mi iv‡qi PvB‡Z G ivq †Kvbfv‡eB c„_K wQj bv|
d‡j DËi Avwd«Kvi L„óvb‡ì Kv‡Q Zv †Kvbµ‡gB MÖnY‡hvM¨ wQj
bv| ev¯—‡e †ivgvb Dc-Kbmvj I ivR- Kg©Pvix‡ì cÖwZ Zv‡ì
mvgvb¨B kÖ×v wQj| K‡qK cÖRb¥ a‡i L„óvbiv Zv‡ì wbcxo‡bi
wkKvi nq Ges kqZv‡bi †Pjv wn‡m‡e Zv‡ì AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq|
Av‡M Zviv wbcxwoZ nZ L„óvb nIqvi Kvi‡Y| GLb Zv‡ì Dci
wbcxob †b‡g Av‡m Zviv cÖK…Z L„óvb bq e‡j| DËi Avwd«Kvi
L„óvbiv ïaygvÎ †iv‡gi cjxq Pv‡P©i wek‡ci ivq ejer Kivi R‡b¨
†ivgvb mvgªv‡Rï ivRKg©Pvix‡ì ivZvivwZ Ck¦‡ii †meK e‡b
hvIqvi welqwU‡K †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| G mgq ch©š— †WvbvUvm
Zv‡ì wekc wQ‡jb| GLb wZwb Zv‡ì RbwcÖq †bZvq cwiYZ
n‡jb|
GB weL¨vZ e¨w³ m¤ú‡K© Lye AíB Rvbv hvq| wZwb †h me MÖš’
wj‡LwQ‡jb †m¸‡jv mn eû g~jëvb MÖš’ mg„× Zvi jvB‡eªwiwU
†ivgvb ˆmbïv cywo‡q †`q| G KvRwU Zviv K‡iwQj †ivgvb L„óvb
Pv‡P©i bv‡g hv ZLb GK †cŠËwjK ivRvi mg_©‡b µgk ¸i“Z¡ jvf
I kw³ AR©b KiwQj| hv †nvK, †WvbvUv‡mi AZxZ Rxeb, Zvi
e¨w³MZ Rxeb, Zvi eÜz- evÜe ev Rxe‡bi NUbvejx m¤ú‡K© †Zgb
wKQy Rvbv hvq bv| ïay Rvbv hvq †h wZwb GKRb PgrKvi evM¥x Ges
GKRb weivU †bZv wQ‡jb| wZwb †h me ¯’v‡b wM‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi
g„Zzï eûKvj ciI †m me ¯’v‡b Zv‡K ¯§iY Kiv nZ| Zvi
Abymvixiv Zvi Ô†k¦Z ïå †KkÕ ¯úk© K‡i kc_ MÖnY Ki‡Zb| wZwb
wQ‡jb †m me ag©cÖvY hvRK‡ì AbymiYxq Av`k© hviv wbwðZ
wQ‡jb †h mwVK c_ AbymiY Ki‡j BnKvj I ciKv‡jI Zvi mydj
jvf Ki‡eb| Zvi wbôv I mZZv kÎ“-wgÎ mK‡jiB kÖ×v AR©b
K‡iwQj| wZwb GKRb ag©xq ms¯‹viK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ wQ‡jb|
Òwhwb Kv‡_©R-G PvP©‡K åvwš— †_‡K gy³ K‡iwQ‡jb|Ó6 RbmvaviY
Zv‡K GKRb A‡jŠwKK Kg©x Ges `vwb‡q‡ji †P‡q Ávbx Zvcm
wn‡m‡e m¤§vb KiZ| hxïi cÖK…Z wk¶v we‡jvc I cwieZ©‡bi mKj
Ac‡Póvi wei“‡× wZwb GK AUj cvnv‡oi gZ `Êvqgvb wQ‡jb|
mgªvU KbóvbUvBb `yB Pv‡P©i Kv‡Q †jLv GK c‡Î Zv‡ì
ga¨Kvi we‡iva fy‡j †h‡Z Ges Zvi mgw_©Z Pv‡P©i Aax‡b Dfq
c¶‡K HKë× nIqvi AvnŸvb Rvbvb| G cÎwU Zvrch©cY~ © G
Kvi‡Y †h G‡Z KbóvbUvBb wb‡R‡K Pv‡P©i me©gq KZ©v wn‡m‡e
we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb Ges G‡Z hxï m¤ú‡K© †Kvb cÖKvi D‡jL bv
_vKvq welqwU bRi Kv‡o| Z‡e †KD G c‡Îi Øviv cÖfvweZ nqwb
Ges Avi‡jm Gi UªvBeybv‡j †h wm×vš— nq Zv ev¯—evq‡biI †Kvb
AMÖMwZ †`Lv hvqwb|
315 L„. mgªvU †iv‡g cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib| BZvwji DË‡i d«vsKiv
†h nvgjv ïi“ K‡i Zv `g‡bi R‡b¨ wgjvb Mgb Kiv mgªv‡Ui R‡b¨
Ri“wi n‡q c‡owQj| G mgq wZwb cwiw¯’wZ ch©‡e¶Y I mgm¨vi
mgvav‡bi j‡¶¨ Avwd«Kvq †cÖi‡Yi R‡b¨ GKwU Kwgkb MVb K‡ib|
Kwgkb †mLv‡b †cŠQ‡j Zv‡K eR©b Kiv nq Ges Ggb mwnsm `v½v
ïi“ nq †h Kwgk‡bi m`mïv †Kvb mvdj¨ AR©b QvovB BZvwj‡Z
wd‡i Avm‡Z eva¨ nb| GB AcÖxwZKi msev` KbóvbUvB‡bi Kv‡Q
†cuŠ‡Q 316 L„.| wZwb ¯^qs DËi Avwd«Kv Mgb Ges mwVK Kxfv‡e
m‡e©v”P Ck¦‡ii Dcvmbv Ki‡Z n‡e †m wel‡q my¯úó digvb Rvwii
wm×vš— MÖnY K‡ib|
j¶Yxq †h KbóvbUvBb G ai‡bi GKwU ivq cÖ`vb Zuvi
KZ©…‡Z¡i GLwZqvif~³ e‡j MY¨ K‡iwQ‡jb| Avwd«Kvq `yB Pv‡P©i
Kv‡Q †h cÎ wj‡LwQ‡jb Zv‡Z wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb .
Avgvi c‡¶ Av‡iv hv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zv nj mKj åvwš— `~i
K‡i Ges nVKvix gZvgZ aŸsm K‡i w`‡q mKj †jvK‡K mZ¨
ag© I mij Rxe‡bi c_ AbymiY Ges me©kw³gvb Ck¦‡ii cÖvc¨
Dcvmbv Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv|7
GUv my¯úó †h hxïi `„óvš— fy‡j hvIqv I D‡c¶v Kivi cÖeYZv
ïi“ nIqvi ci †_‡K ÔmZ¨ ag©Õ GK gZvg‡Zi welq n‡q ùvovq
Ges KbóvbUvBb wb‡R †h gZ mg_©b Ki‡Zb Zv Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb
gZvgZ wQj bv| Gfv‡e mgªvU KbóvbUvBb Ggb GKwU a‡g©i Af¨š—
ixY e¨vcv‡i Mfxifv‡e AvMÖnx n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb hv wZwb wb‡R AbymiY
Ki‡Zb bv| KbóvbUvBb wb‡R‡K Pv‡P©i †bZv‡ì †P‡qI AwaK
KZ©…Z¡evb g‡b Ki‡Zb Ges g‡b nq wbR‡K mvaviY giYkxj
gvby‡li PvB‡Z Ck¦‡ii wbR¯^ cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡eB we‡ePbv Ki‡Zb|
Avi‡jm (Arles)- Gi UªvBeybv‡j †h me cjxq wekc wePviK
wn‡m‡e Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb ZvivI m¤¢eZ KbóvbUvB‡bi gZB aviYv
†cvlY Ki‡Zb| Zuviv `vwe Ki‡Zb †h Zv‡ì cwiKíbv ÒcweÎ
AvZ¥v I Zuvi †è`~‡Zi mvg‡bB wjwce× n‡qwQj|Ó8 wKš‘ Zv‡ì
ivq hLb D‡cw¶Z nj ZLb Zuviv mvnv‡hï Rb¨ mgªv‡Ui kiYvcbœ
n‡jb|
KbóvbUvBb cwiKíbv MÖnY Ki‡jI Avwd«Kv md‡i hvbwb|
†WvbvUvm cš’xiv GZ kw³kvjx n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb †h mgªvU‡K †WvbvUvm
I †K‡mwq‡bi ga¨Kvi we‡iv‡a e¨w³MZfv‡e n¯—‡¶c bv Kivi
civgk© †Ìqv nq| hw` Zuvi e¨w³MZ n¯—‡¶c e¨_© nZ Z‡e †mUv
nZ Zuvi gh©v`vi cÖwZ GK weivU AvNvZ| ZvB wZwb †WvbvUv‡mi
wb›`v K‡i GKwU digvb Rvwi Ki‡jb| G‡Z m‡e©v”P Ck¦‡ii
h‡_vwPZ cš’vq cÖv_©bvi my‡hvM myweav wel‡q Zvi `„wó AvKl©Y Kiv
nq|9 hLb Zv D‡cw¶Z nj ZLb AZ¨š— K‡Vvi GK AvBbÕ Rvwi
K‡i Avwd«Kvq †cÖwiZ nj| G‡Z †WvbvUv‡mi Abymvix‡ì mKj PvP©
ev‡Rqvß Ges Zv‡ì mKj †bZv‡K wbe©vm‡b cvVv‡bvi wb‡`©k †Ìqv
nq| †K‡mwjqvb cÖ_‡g †WvbvUvmcš’x PvP©‡ì †bZv‡ì Dr‡KvP
w`‡q nvZ Kivi †Póv K‡ib, wKš‘ e¨_© nb| †WvbvUvmcš’xiv ivRKxq
digvb AMÖvn¨ I Dr‡KvP D‡c¶v K‡i| Zviv A_© Dr‡Kv‡Pi cÖ¯—
v‡ei welqwU cÖKv‡k¨ duvm K‡i †`q| †K‡mwjqvb ÒKmvB Gi
PvB‡ZI wbg©g Ges GKRb ˆ¯îvPvixi PvB‡ZI wbôyiÓ wn‡m‡e
AvL¨vwqZ nb|10
BwZg‡a¨ ÔK¨v_wjKÕ we‡klY MÖnYKvix †iv‡gi PvP©
†WvbvUvmcš’x‡ì Kv‡Q HKë× nIqvi Av‡e`b Rvwb‡qwQj|
Ck¦‡ii Dcvmbvq Zv‡ì ag©gZ‡K mve©Rbxb Kivi j‡¶¨B Zviv G
bvgwU MÖnY K‡i| hv †nvK, Zv‡ì Av‡e`‡bi †Kvb mvov †g‡jwb
Ges †WvbvUvm †K‡mwjqv‡bi Kv‡Q Zvi PvP©¸‡jv n¯—vš—i Ki‡Z
A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvb| †kl ch©š— †ivgvb †mbvevwnbx gv‡V bv‡g|
cvBKvwifv‡e †jvKRb‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| g„Z‡`‡n¸‡jv K‚‡ci g‡a¨
wb‡¶c Ges wekc‡ì Zv‡ì Pv‡P©i Af¨š—‡i nZ¨v K‡i| wKš‘
†WvbvUvm †eu‡P hvb Ges Abgbxq _v‡Kb| Gici Zuv‡ì Av‡›`vjb
Av‡Mi †P‡qI †Rvi`vi nq| Zuviv knx`‡ì PvP© (Church of
Martyrs) bv‡g wb‡R‡ì Pv‡P©i bvgKiY K‡ib| G mKj NUbvq
†WvbvUvmcš’x I K¨v_wjK PvP© †cŠËwjK wePviKMY
(Magistrates) I Zv‡ì ˆmb¨‡ì mv‡_ GK‡RvU n‡q KvR
KiwQj, †m‡nZz Zv‡ì we‡f`cš’x Ges Zv‡ì PvP©¸‡jv‡K ÔN„Y¨
cÖwZgv Dcvmbvi ¯’vbÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq|
KbóvbUvBb, whwb GKRb `¶ cÖkvmK wQ‡jb, ej cÖ‡qv‡M
ag©xq m¤úÖxwZ I HK¨ cybi“×v‡i Zuvi e¨_©Zv Dcjwä Ki‡Z m¶g
nb| weP¶YZv exi‡Z¡i A½ G we‡ePbvq wZwb DËi Avwd«Kvi
RbmvaviY‡K Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì Dci †Q‡o †Ìqvi wm×vš— †bb| G
me NUbv I †m¸‡jvi djvdj cieZ©xKv‡j Zvi KvDwÝj Ae wbwmqv
(Council of Nicea) AvnŸv‡bi wm×vš— MÖn‡Y GK weivU f~wgKv
cvjb K‡i|
G mgq Avwiqv‡mi KÉ¯î †Kej †kvbv †h‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj|
Zvi Kvwnwb‡Z wd‡i hvIqvi Av‡M Bmjv‡gi AvMg‡bi c~e© ch©š—
†WvbvUvmcš’x‡ì GKwU msw¶ß BwZnvm eY©bv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| †h‡nZz
KbóvbUvBb DËi Avwd«Kv †_‡K Zvi g‡bv‡hvM mwi‡q G‡b
mvgªv‡Rï Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡bi w`‡K wbe× K‡iwQ‡jb †m Kvi‡Y
†WvbvUvmcš’x‡ì Dci wbcxo‡bi gvÎv A‡bK K‡g G‡mwQj|
Zv‡ì msL¨v cybivq `ª“Z e„w× †c‡Z ïi“ K‡i| Zviv GZUv
kw³kvjx n‡q I‡V †h mgªvU hLb 330 L„. DËi Avwd«Kvq
K¨v_wjK‡ì R‡b¨ GKwU PvP© wbg©vY K‡ib ZLb †WvbvUvmcš’xiv Zv
`Lj K‡i †bq| mgªvU G NUbvq AZ¨š— µz× nb| wKš‘ Av‡iKwU PvP©
wbg©v‡Yi R‡b¨ K¨v_wjK‡ì ch©vß A_© cÖ`v‡bi cÖwZkÖ“wZ cÖ`vb Kiv
Qvov Zvi Avi wKQy Kivi wQj bv| †WvbvUvmcš’x‡ì Av‡›`vjb †ivg
ch©š— we¯—vi jvf K‡i| †iv‡g Zv‡ìI GKRb wekc wQ‡jb, Z‡e
c`gh©v`vi w`K †_‡K Zv‡K Kv‡_©R (Carthage) I wb‡Kv‡gwWqvi
(Nicomedia) wek‡ci †P‡q GKavc bx‡P e‡j MY¨ Kiv nZ|11
†WvbvUvm Kv‡_©‡R mve©‡fŠg KZ©…Z¡ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| RbMY
Ab¨vb¨ giYkxj gvby‡li PvB‡Z Zv‡K Av‡iv D”Pch©v‡qi gvbyl e‡j
we‡ePbv KiZ| Zv‡K KL‡bvB wekc e‡j WvKv n‡Zv bv, eis wZwb
ÔKv‡_©‡Ri †WvbvUvmÕ bv‡gB cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| AvMv÷vBb GKevi
Awf‡hvM K‡ib †h †WvbvUvmcš’xiv hxïi wei“‡× ag©xq Aegvbbvi
PvB‡Z †WvbvUv‡mi wei“‡× AcgvbRbK wKQyi †¶‡Î †ewk K‡Vvi
cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡i| NUbvwU mZ¨ wQj| KviY ZrKvjxb K¨v_wjKiv
†WvbvUvm m¤ú‡K© wKQy ejvi mgq K‡Vvi I wbôyi fvlv eënvi
KiZ|
hLb KbóvbUvB‡bi ivR‡Z¡i Aemvb N‡U, ZLb †WvbvUvmcš’xiv
Pv‡P©i ¯^vaxbZvi R‡b¨ ZrciZv Ae¨vnZ iv‡L| Zviv a‡g©i e¨vcv‡i
mgªvU A_ev ivRKg©KZ©v‡ì n¯—‡¶‡ci we‡ivax wQj| Z‡e, Zviv
wKš‘ Avi hvB †nvK, msKxY© wPË wQj bv| AvMvóvBb e‡j‡Qb †h
Zviv K¨v_wjK‡ì Dci wbcxob PvjvZ bv, GgbwK Zviv hLb
Zv‡ì †P‡q msL¨vq †ewk n‡q c‡o, ZLbI bv| K¨v_wjKMY, hviv
me mgq wb‡R‡ì mwnòy e‡j `vwe Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z wQj, Zviv GUv
ei`vkZ Ki‡Z m¤§Z wQj bv| hLb Av‡iv GKevi fq- Winxb
†WvbvUvmcš’x‡ì `g‡bi R‡b¨ ivRKxq ˆmbëvwnbx †cÖiY Kiv nq,
ZLb Gi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| hv‡nvK, `gb- wbcxob Ae¨vnZ _vKv
m‡Ë¡I †WvbvUvmcš’xiv mgªvU‡K Zv‡ì ag©gZ ev Ck¦i- Dcvmbvi
cš’v cwieZ©b Ki‡Z w`‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvwb‡qwQj| Zv‡ì AwfgZ
wQj GB †h, ÒK¨v_wjKM‡Yi cy‡ivwnZiv Amr e¨w³ hviv Bn‡jv‡Ki
ivRb¨ e‡M©i mv‡_ KvR K‡i| ivR- AbyMÖ‡ni Dci wbf©ikxj n‡q
Zviv hxïi Aegvbbv K‡i‡Q|12
†WvbvUv‡mi g„Zzï ci DËi Avwd«Kvi Awaevmxiv Zvi Av`k©
AbymiY Ae¨vnZ iv‡L| Zviv 3kZÕ eQi a‡i Zvi cÖPvwiZ hxïi
wk¶v AbymiY K‡i| c‡i Bmjv‡gi AvMgb NU‡j Zviv Bmjvg MÖnY
K‡i hv wQj Kvh©Z Zv‡ì Abym„Z a‡g©iB GK m¤úÖmvwiZ I
mg_©bKvix ag©|
†WvbvUv‡mi Av‡›`vj‡bi cvkvcvwk GKB mg‡q A_P m¤ú~Y©
¯^vaxb GK Av‡›`vjb `w¶Y wgm‡i PjwQj| KbóvbUvBb hLb 324
L„. DËi Avwd«Kvi RU †Lvjvi R‡b¨ Av‡iKevi D‡`¨vM MÖnY
K‡iwQ‡jb ZLwb Zvi `„wó wgk‡ii Dci cwZZ nq| wgki ZLb
we‡`ªvn †Mvj‡hvM I AivRKZvq AvKxY© wQj| Wv‡qv‡K¬vwkqv‡bi
(Diocletioan) †bZ…‡Z¡ L„óvb‡ì cÖwZ wbcxob hLb Zz‡½ D‡VwQj,
ZLb A‡b‡KB Zv cwinv‡ii R‡b¨ Zvi mv‡_ mg‡SvZv K‡iwQj|
†g‡jwUqvm (Meletius) bvgK GKRb cy‡ivwnZ G mgq e‡jb †h,
†hme cy‡ivwnZ cÖKv‡k¨ L„óa‡g©i wb›`v K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì hvRKe„wËi
KvR cybivq ïi“ Kivi †¶‡Î evav †`qv DwPZ| wZwb Av‡iv Dcjwä
K‡ib †h cÖvqwð‡Ëi ch©vß cÖgvY bv cÖ`k©b Kiv ch©š— mKj weï×
cÖv_©bv mgv‡e‡k Zv‡ì †hvM`vb eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e| G mgq
Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi cÖavb hvRK wcUvi Av‡iv bgbxq cš’vi civgk©
†`b| Z‡e AwaKvsk †jvKB †g‡jwUqvm‡K mg_©b K‡i|
Av‡jKRvÛvi hLb hvRK‡ì cÖavb n‡jb, wZwb †g‡jwUqvm‡K
gvB‡bm-G (Mines) wbe©vwmZ K‡ib|
†g‡jwUqvm wd‡i Avmvi ci eû Abymvix Zvi Pvicv‡k mg‡eZ
nb| wZwb wekc, cy‡ivwnZ I D”Pc‡ì huvRK‡ì wb‡qvM `vb Ges
eû wMR©v wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi Abymvixiv Zv‡ì wbcxobKvix‡ì
Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡iwQj| †g‡jwUqvm Zvi PvP©‡K
Òknx`‡ì PvP©Ó (Church of the Martyrs) bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ
K‡ib| Av‡jvKRvÛv‡ii Abymvixiv Gi we‡ivax wQj| KviY Zviv
wb‡R‡ì K¨v_wjK bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ I c‡ji cÖPvwiZ L„óa‡g©i
AbymiY KiZ| †g‡jwUqv‡mi g„Zzï ci Av‡jKRvÛvi Zvi
Abymvix‡ì cÖv_©bv mgv‡ek wbwl× K‡ib| G Av‡`‡ki we‡ivwaZv
K‡i Zviv mgªvU KbóvbUvB‡bi Kv‡Q GKwU cÖwZwbwa `j †cÖiY
K‡i| GKgvÎ wb‡Kv‡gwWqvi BD‡mweqv‡mi (Eusebius) mvnvh¨
jvf K‡i Zviv mgªv‡Ui mv‡_ mv¶v‡Zi AbygwZ jvf K‡i| mgªv‡Ui
ìev‡i Zv‡ì Dcw¯’wZi NUbv wbwmqvi KvDwÝj AvnŸv‡bi Ab¨Zg
KviY wQj| BD‡mweqvm Avwiqv‡mi eÜz wQ‡jb| GB mv¶v‡Zi
ga¨w`‡q Avwiqvb I †g‡jwUqvb Av‡›`vj‡bi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯’vwcZ
nq|
GB `yÕwU knx‡ì Pv‡P©i †cÖ¶vc‡U Avwiqv‡mi †bZ…‡Z¡ Av‡›`vjb
msNwUZ nq| Avwiqv‡mi mg_©‡b †jLv †Kvb welq Ges Zvi
Av‡›`vj‡bi †Kvb cÖKvi wbi‡c¶ g~j¨vqb Kvh©Z aŸsmcÖvß n‡q‡Q|
GLb Avwiqvm m¤ú‡K© †hme eB‡Z D‡jL cvIqv hvq Zvi cÖvq meB
Zvi kÎ“‡ì †jLv| †m Kvi‡Y Zuvi Rxeb I K‡g©i c~Y© weeiY cÖ`vb
G‡Kev‡iB Am¤¢e| wewfbœ m~Î †_‡K Zuvi m¤ú‡K© †h me wPÎ cvIqv
hvq Zv †Rvov w`‡j GB ùvovq : Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi wekc wcUvi Zuv‡K
GKRb D”P c`gh©v`vi hvRK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM K‡ib, wKš‘ c‡i
Zv‡K wZwb ewn®‹vi K‡ib| wcUv‡ii DËim~wi cybivq Zuv‡K cy‡ivwnZ
wb‡qvM K‡ib| Avwiqvm GZ RbwcÖq n‡q I‡Vb †h hLb AvwPjv‡mi
(Achillas) g„Zz¨ M‡U ZLb Zvi ¯’vb `L‡ji me©cÖKvi my‡hvM
RwoZ nIqvi †Kvb B”Qv Zvi wQj bv| d‡j hvRK‡ì m‡e©v”P
c`wU‡Z Av‡jKRvÛvi mn‡RB AwawôZ nb| Avwiqv‡mi cÖPvwiZ
ag©g‡Zi wei“‡× GKwU Awf‡hvM Kiv n‡qwQj| Zvi cÖwZØ›Øx wQ‡jb
G gvgjvi wePviK| cwiYwZ‡Z Zuv‡K Avevi ewn®‹vi Kiv nq|
G ch©vq ch©š— L„óvb‡ì ag© wek¦v‡mi †¶‡Î weivU ¯^vaxbZv
wQj| hviv wb‡R‡ì L„óvb e‡j AvL¨vwqZ KiZ Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wecyj
msL¨K †jvK wÎZ¡ev`‡K MÖnY K‡iwQj| wKš‘ Gi cÖK…Z A_© wK †m
e¨vcv‡i †KDB wbwðZ wQj bv| wKQy †jvK AÜfv‡e Gi mg_©b
KiZ| Ab¨ w`‡K †WvbvUvm I †g‡jwUqv‡mi gZ wKQy †jvK Zv‡K
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQj| Avi G `y‡qi g‡a¨ hviv Ae¯’vb KiwQj, Zviv
wb‡Riv †h fv‡e fvj g‡b KiZ, wÎZ¡ev‡ì †mfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kivi
¯^vaxbZv Zv‡ì wQj| `yB kZvãx a‡i Av‡jvPbvi ciI †KDB G
ag©gZ‡K m‡›`ngy³ fv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z m¶g nqwb| Avwiqvm
wÎZ¡ev‡ì msÁv cÖ`v‡bi R‡b¨ P¨v‡jÄ Rvbv‡jb| Av‡jKRvÛvi
ZLb m¤ú~Y© cðv`cmib Ki‡jb| wZwb hZB Gi e¨vL¨v †Ìqvi
†Póv Ki‡jb ZZB wZwb weåvwš—i wkKvi n‡jb| Avwiqvm hyw³ w`‡q
Ges cweÎ MÖ‡š’i cÖvgvwYKZvi Dci wbf©i K‡i wÎZ¡ev`‡K wg_¨v
e‡j cÖgvY Ki‡jb|
Gi ci Avwiqvm hxï m¤ú‡K© Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii †Ìqv e¨vL¨v
LÊb K‡ib| wZwb hyw³ †`Lvb †h hxï hw` cÖK…ZB ÔCk¦‡ii cyÎÕ n‡q
_v‡Kb Zvn‡j Zvi A_© GB ùvovq †h cy‡Îi c~‡e© wcZvi Aw¯—Z¡
wQj| AZGe Ggb GKwU mgq Aek¨B wQj hLb mš—v‡bi Aw¯—Z¡
wQj bv| myZivs Gi A_© GUvB nq †h cyÎ wQj †Kvb mËv ev cÖvY
Øviv MwVZ m„wó hv me mgqB Aw¯—Z¡kxj wQj bv| †h‡nZz Ck¦i
Abvw` I wPi¯’vqx mËv, †m Kvi‡Y hxï Ck¦‡ii gZ GKB mËv n‡Z
cv‡ib bv|
Avwiqvm me mgq hyw³- cÖgvY w`‡q K_v ej‡Zb| †h‡nZz
Av‡jKRvÛvi hyw³ cÖgvY mn cvëv Reve w`‡Z e¨_© n‡Zb †m
Kvi‡Y wZwb PU K‡iB µz× n‡q co‡Zb| Zuvi mv‡_ Z‡K©i mgq
Avwiqvm ej‡Zb: ÒAvgvi hyw³i Î“wU †Kv_vq Ges Avgvi b¨vqvbygvb
†Kv_vq f½ n‡q‡Q?Ó Gi Reve wgjZ bv| d‡j 321 L„. bvMv`
Avwiqvm n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb GKRb RbwcÖq we‡`ªvnx cy‡ivwnZ, wecyj
iKg AvZ¥wek¦vmx Ges wb‡Ri wek¦v‡mi e¨vcv‡i wØav ØÜnxb|
weZ‡K© GB e¨w³MZ wech©q NUvi ci Av‡jKRvÛvi Avwiqv‡mi
ag©g‡Zi e¨vcv‡i ivq †NvlYvi R‡b¨ GK cÖv‡`wkK mfv AvnŸvb
K‡ib| cÖvq 1kÕ wgkixq I wjexq wekc G‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib|
Avwiqvm AZ¨š— ewjôfv‡e Zvi Ae¯’v‡bi K_v e¨vL¨v K‡ib| wZwb
`„pZvi mv‡_ e‡jb: Ggb GK mgq wQj hLb hxï Aw¯—Z¡kxj wQ‡jb
bv, A_P Ck¦i ZLbI weivwRZ wQ‡jb| †h‡nZz hxï Ck¦i KZ©…K m„ó
†m Kvi‡Y Zvi mËv mxgve×, myZivs wZwb wPiš—b n‡Z cv‡ib bv|
GKgvÎ Ck¦iB wPiš—b| †h‡nZz hxï m„ó cÖvYx, †m Kvi‡Y wZwbI
Ab¨vb¨ mKj hyw³ev`x cÖvYxi gZB cwieZ©bkxj| GKgvÎ Ck¦iB
AcwieZ©bxq| Gfv‡e wZwb †Rvi w`‡q e‡jb †h hxï Ck¦i wQ‡jb
bv| Aweivg hyw³ mnKv‡i Zvi e³e¨ †c‡ki cvkvcvwk wZwb
evB‡ej †_‡K ARmª †k−vK D×„wZ Ki‡Zb †h¸‡jvi †Kv_vI
wÎZ¡ev‡ì e¨vcv‡i †Kvb D‡jLB wQj bv| wZwb e‡jb, hw` hxï e‡j
_v‡Kb ÔAvgvi wcZv Avgvi †P‡q †kªôÕ13 Zvn‡j Ck¦i I hxï mgK¶
G K_vq wek¦vm Kivi A_© evB‡e‡ji mZ¨‡K A¯^xKvi Kiv|
Avwiqv‡mi hyw³ mg~n ALÊbxq wQj| wKš‘ Av‡jKRvÛvi Zvi
Ae¯’v‡bi myev‡` Zv‡K wbe©vm‡b †cÖiY K‡ib| Z‡e Avwiqv‡mi
Abymvixi msL¨v GZ wecyj wQj †h cjxq PvP© Zv‡K D‡c¶v Ki‡Z
cv‡iwb| we‡kl K‡i c~e©vÂ‡ji A‡bK wekcB Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii Rvwi
Kiv Av‡`k †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ibwb| †h weZK© 3kÕ eQi a‡i UMeM
K‡i dzUwQj Zv Gevi we‡ùvwiZ nj| c~e©vÂ‡ji GZ †ewk msL¨K
wekc Avwiqvm‡K mg_©b K‡ib †h Av‡jKRvÛvi ixwZ gZ mgm¨vi
m¤§yLxb nb| G me wek‡ci cÖavb wgÎ wQ‡jb wb‡Kv‡gwWqvi
BD‡mweqvm| wZwb Avwiqvm wQ‡jb eÜz I jywmqv‡bi QvÎ whwb Zvi
cweÎZv I Áv‡bi Rb¨ mve©Rbxb gh©v`vi cvÎ wQ‡jb| m¤¢eZ 312
L„. jywmqv‡bi nZ¨vi NUbv Zv‡ì eÜzZ¡‡K Av‡iv kw³kvjx I Awfbœ
ag© wek¦v‡m Av‡iv `„p cÖZ¨qx K‡iwQj|
Av‡jKRvÛvi KZ©…K wbe©vwmZ nIqvi ci Avwiqvm
Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡j BD‡mweqv‡mi Kv‡Q GKwU cÎ †j‡Lb| †m cÎwU
AvRI i‡q‡Q| Avwiqvm G c‡Î Av‡jvKRvÛv‡ii wei“‡× wbcxo‡bi
Awf‡hvM Av‡bb whwb Avwiqvm‡K GKRb Aavwg©K bvw¯—K wn‡m‡e
Av‡jKRvw›`ªqv †_‡K ewn®‹vi Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb| KviY Avwiqvm
I Zvi eÜziv wek‡ci cÖPvwiZ a‡g©i cÖwZ Zv‡ì AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk
Ki‡Z ivwR nbwb| Avwiqvm c‡Î e‡jb: ÒAvgiv wbh©vwZZ nw”Q G
Kvi‡Y †h‡nZz Avgiv ewj †h hxï D™¢‚Z n‡qwQ‡jb; wKš‘ Ck¦i D™¢‚Z
nbwb, wZwb Abvw`|14 G NUbvi d‡j Avwiqvm BD‡mweqv‡mi KvQ
†_‡K Av‡iv †ewk K‡i mg_©b jvf K‡ib| BD‡mweqv‡mi e¨vcK
cÖfve wQj| Avi ïay Rbmvavi‡Yi DciB bq, †Lv` ivR cÖmv‡Ì
Zuvi cÖfve we¯—…Z wQj| Z‡e GB mg_©b jvf m‡Ë¡I Avwiqvm g‡b
nq we‡ivwaZvi PvB‡Z GKwU mg‡SvZvi cÖwZB me©`v AvMÖnx wQ‡jb|
m¤¢eZ Pv‡P©i Af¨š—‡i GKwU k„•Ljv eRvq _vKzK, GUv wZwb
we‡klfv‡e PvB‡Zb|
`yf©vM¨µ‡g G wel‡q BwZnv‡m Lye mvgvb¨ Dcv`vbB cvIqv
hvq| Avwiqv‡mi wKQy cÎ GLbI wU‡K Av‡Q hv †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h
Avwiqv‡mi GKgvÎ j¶ wQj hxïi wk¶v‡K weï× I cwieZ©b †_‡K
gy³ ivLv Ges L„óvb‡ì g‡a¨ wePz¨wZ bv NUv‡bv| Ab¨w`‡K
Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii †jLv cÎmg~n †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h wZwb me© mgqB
Avwiqvm I Zv‡ì mg_©K‡ì wei“‡× Amwnòy fvlv eënvi
K‡i‡Qb| GK c‡Î wZwb wj‡L‡Qb : Zviv kqZv‡bi Øviv PvwjZ,
kqZvb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ evm K‡i Ges Zv‡ì D‡ËwRZ K‡i; Zviv
†fjwK Rv‡b Ges cÖZviK, PZzi, Rv`yK‡ii gZ K_vq †gvnvweó
K‡i, Zvnviv nj `my¨, wb‡R‡ì Av¯—vbvq Zviv w`b ivZ L„ó‡K
Awfkvc †`q... Zviv kn‡ii PwiÎnxb Zi“Yx igYx‡ì gva¨‡g
†jvKRb‡K ag©vš—wiZ K‡i|Ó15 G ai‡bi wnsmª I AcgvbKi fvlv
eënvi †_‡K m‡›`n m„wó nq †h wekc Av‡jKRvÛvi Zvi wb‡Ri
ag©g‡Zi `ye©jZvi e¨vcv‡i Aek¨B m‡PZb wQ‡jb|
BD‡mweqvm wekc Av‡jKRvÊv‡ii g‡bvfv‡e AZ¨š— Amš‘ó
nb| wZwb c~e©vÂjxq wekc‡ì GK mfv AvnŸvbc~e©K Zv‡ì Kv‡Q
m¤ú~Y© welqwU DÌvcb K‡ib| G mgv‡e‡ki dj wQj GKwU cÎ hv
c~e© I cwð‡gi mKj wek‡ci Kv‡Q †cÖiY Kiv nq| c‡Î Zv‡ì‡K
Avwiqvm‡K Pv‡P© wdwi‡q wb‡Z Av‡jKRvÛvi‡K ivwR Kiv‡Z Aby‡iva
Rvbv‡bv nq| wKš‘ Av‡jKRvÛvi Avwiqv‡mi c~Y© AvZ¥mgc©Y
PvB‡jb| Avwiqvm wdwjw¯—‡b wd‡i Av‡mb I Zvi Abymvix‡ì wb‡q
cÖv_©bv mgv‡ek Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Av‡jKRvÛvi ZLb ÒZvi K¨v_wjK
Pv‡P©i mn‡hvMx Kg©x‡ìÓ Kv‡Q `xN© GK cÎ †j‡Lb hv‡Z
Avwiqv‡mi cybivq mgv‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Av‡jKRvÛvi G c‡Î
BD‡mweqv‡mi bvg D‡jL K‡i Zv‡K Awfhy³ K‡ib G e‡j †h,
ÒwZwb g‡b K‡ib †h Zvi m¤§wZi DciB Pv‡P©i Kj¨vY wbf©i
K‡i|Ó16 wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, BD‡mweqvm Avwiqvm‡K mg_©b K‡ib,
Avi Zv ïay wZwb †h Avwiqv‡mi gZev‡` wek¦vm K‡ib †m R‡b¨B
bq, Gi wcQ‡b i‡q‡Q Zvi wbR¯^ D”PvKv•LvRwbZ ¯^v_©| Gfv‡e
hvRK‡ì ga¨Kvi we‡iva cÖvP¨ I cvðv‡Zï wekc‡ì g‡a¨
e¨w³MZ we‡iv‡ai iƒc MÖnY K‡i|
G welqwU wb‡q wekc‡ì ch©vq †_‡K mvaviY gvby‡li g‡aÏ
wewfbœ cÖkœ Qwo‡q c‡o| bvBwmqvi †MÖMix (Gregory of Nyssea)
wj‡L‡Qb :
iv¯—v-NvU, evRvi, gy`ªv eëmvqx‡ì †`vKvb, Lvevi †`vKvbmn
Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡ji me©ÎB Zv‡ì wb‡q Av‡jvPbv PjwQj| GKRb
†`vKvwb‡K hw` wRÁvmv Kiv nq †h AgyK wRwb‡mi g~j¨ KZ,
†m Zvi Reve †`q D™¢‚Z mËv I D™¢‚Z bq Ggb mËv m¤ú‡K©
Rvb‡Z †P‡q| i“wUIqvjvi Kv‡Q i“wUi `vg Rvb‡Z PvB‡j †m
e‡j, ÒcyÎ Zvi wcZvi ev›`vÓ; PvKi‡K hw` wRÁvmv Kiv hvq
†h †MvmjLvbv ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv, †m Reve †`q: ÒcyÎ
†Kvb wKQy †_‡K D™¢‚Z nqwb|Ó K¨v_wjKiv †NvlYv K‡i‡Q,
ÒRb¥jvfKvixB †kÖôÓ Ges Avwiqvmiv ej‡Q : ÒwZwbB †kÖô
whwb Rb¥`vb K‡i‡Qb|Ó17
†jv‡K igYx‡ì Kv‡Q wRÁvmv KiZ †h †Kvb cyÎ Rb¥MÖnY
Kivi Av‡M Zvi Aw¯—Z¡ _vK‡Z cv‡i wK? hvRK gn‡ji D”P
ch©v‡qI G weZK© wQj mgvbfv‡e DËß I wZ³| Rvbv hvq †h
ÒcÖwZwU kn‡iB wekciv wekc‡ì mv‡_ GK¸u‡q we‡iv‡a wjß wQj|
RbmvaviY wQj Rbmvavi‡Yi wec‡¶... Ges Zviv ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_
mwnsm msN‡l© wjß n‡qwQj|18
mgªvU KbóvbUvBb welqwU AewnZ wQ‡jb| NUbvejx µgkB
AebwZi w`‡K hvw”Qj| wZwb n¯—‡¶c Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡jb Ges
Av‡jKRvÛvi I Avwiqvm Df‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU cÎ †cÖiY
Ki‡jb| G‡Z wZwb ej‡jb †h ag©xq gZvg‡Zi HK¨ wZwb GKvš—
fv‡e Kvgbv K‡ib †h‡nZz mvgªv‡R¨ kvwš—i R‡b¨ †mUvB nj m‡e©vËg
M¨vivw›U| DËi Avwd«Kvi NUbvejx‡Z Mfxifv‡e nZvk n‡q wZwb
ÒcÖv‡Pï ü`‡qiÓ (Bosom of East) KvQ †_‡K DËg wKQy Avkv
Ki‡jb †hLv‡b ÒHk¦wiK Av‡jvi cÖfv‡ZiÓ (Dawn of Divine
light) D`q N‡UwQj| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb :
wKš‘ nvq †MŠiegq I cweÎ Ck¦i! ïay Avgvi Kvb bq, Avgvi
ü`qI ¶Z- we¶Z, hLb Avwg ïb‡Z †cjvg †h Avcbvi g‡a¨
†h we‡iva I `jv`wj we`¨gvb Zv Ggb wK Avwd«Kvi PvB‡ZI
gvivZ¥K; myZivs Avcbviv, hv‡ì Avwg Ab¨‡ì we‡iva
wbim‡bi `„óvš— wn‡m‡e Avkv Kwi, Zv‡ì †P‡q Av‡iv Lvivc
nIqvi Av‡MB Gi cÖwZKvi nIqv cÖ‡qvRb Ges GL‡bv, GB
Av‡jvPbvi g~j KviY m¤ú‡K© mZK© AbymÜvb Kivi ci Avwg
†`L‡Z †c‡qwQ †h Zv G‡Kev‡iB Zvrch©nxb Ges G ai‡bi
weev‡ì †¶‡Î m¤ú~Y© hyw³nxb| .... Avgvi Abygvb †h eZ©gvb
weZ‡K©i DrcwË N‡U‡Q Gfv‡e : hLb Avcwb, Av‡jKRvÛvi,
cÖwZwU hvRK‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡jb †h cweÎ MÖ‡š’i KwZcq Ask
m¤ú‡K© wZwb Kx fv‡eb A_ev wZwb GKwU A_©nxb †evKvwgc~Y©
cÖ‡kœi GKwU we‡kl w`K m¤ú‡K© Kx wPš—v K‡ib; Ges Avcwb,
Avwiqvm, h_vh_ we‡ePbv QvovB Avcwb Ggb me K_v ej‡jb
hv KL‡bv cÖKvkB cvqwb A_ev †c‡jI bxi‡eB Zvi wejywß
N‡U‡Q, Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ wfbœgZ †`Lv w`j| †hvMv‡hvM wQbœ nj
Ges AwaKvsk †jvK `yÕfv‡M wef³ n‡q †Mj, Zviv Avi Awfbœ
wn‡m‡e HKë× iBj bv|
Gi mgªvU Zv‡ì Dfq‡KB Aevš—i cÖkœ I nVKvix Reve we¯§„Z
nIqvi mwbe©Ü Aby‡iva Rvbvb :
welqwU Av`‡Z KL‡bvB DwÌZ nIqvi †hvM¨ wQj bv, wKš‘ Ajm
†jvK‡ì Kivi gZ eû AcKg© _v‡K Ges Ajm gw¯—®‹¸‡jv G wPš—
vB K‡i| Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ †h gZcv_©K¨ ev we‡iva Zv cweÎ
MÖš’wfwËK †Kvb hvR‡Ki ag©gZ bq wKsev Zv bqv cÖewZ©Z †Kvb
gZev‡ì Kvi‡Y bq| Avcbviv Df‡qB GKB cÖKvi Ges Awfbœ gZ
†cvlY K‡ib| myZivs Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ cybwg©jb mn‡RB m¤¢e|
mgªvU G c‡Î †cŠËwjK `vk©wbK‡ì D`vniY †`b hviv GKB
cÖKvi wek` mvaviY bxwZgvjv avi‡Yi †¶‡Î gZcv_©K¨ †cvl‡Y
m¤§Z n‡qwQ‡jb| †m‡¶‡Î, wZwb cÖkœ K‡ib, wbQK Zz”Q I †gŠwLK
gZcv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y L„óvb fvB‡ì G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ kÎ“i gZ
AvPiY Kiv wK wVK? Zuvi g‡Z, G ai‡bi AvPiY :
i“wPnxb, wkïm~jf I e`‡gRvwR I `yf©vMv Ck¦‡ii hvRKMY
Ges †eva m¤úbœ e¨w³MY... GUv nj kqZv‡bi Qjbv I cÖ‡jvfb| G
e¨vcv‡i Avmyb Avgiv wKQy Kwi| Avgiv mevB hw` mKj wel‡q GK
iKg fve‡Z bvI cvwi, Aš—Z eo welq¸‡jv‡Z Avgiv HKë× n‡Z
cvwi| cweÎ Hk¦wiK mËv cÖm‡½ Avmyb mevB GKB wek¦vm GK
Dcjwä †cvlY Ges Ck¦i cÖm‡½ GK I Awfbœ gZ Aej¤^b Kwi|
c‡Î G e‡j Dcmsnvi Uvbv nq :
hw` Zv bv nq, Zvn‡j Avgvi †mB kvwš—cY~ © I mgm¨vgy³
ivZ¸‡jv wdwi‡q w`b hv‡Z Avwg Avgvi Avb›` Ges kvwš—cY~ ©
Rxe‡bi Drdzj−Zv jvf Ki‡Z cvwi| Zv hw` bv nq Zvn‡j Avwg
Aek¨B hš¿Yv KvZi I AkÖ“wm³ ne Ges g„Zz¨ ch©š— Avwg †Kvb
kvwš— cve bv| †hLv‡b Ck¦i †cÖgxMY, Avgvi mnKg©x †meKMY G
ai‡bi †eAvBwb I ¶wZKi weZ‡K© wjß †mLv‡b Avwg Kxfv‡e g‡b
kvwš— cve?19
G cÎ ïay L„óag© m¤ú‡K©B bq, Ab¨vb¨ ag© m¤ú‡K©I mgªv‡Ui
Pig AÁZvi cwiPq enb K‡i †h‡nZz wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb †h GKRb
gvbyl †h fv‡e Lywk Ck¦‡ii Dcvmbv Ki“K A_ev Ck¦i wb‡`©wkZ
cš’vqB Dcvmbv Ki“K, Zv GKB e¨vcvi| Kvh©Z Zvi Kv‡Q
Av‡jKRvÛvi I Avwiqv‡mi ga¨Kvi we‡iva wQj †bnv‡qZB †gŠwLK
weev` A_ev GK Zvrch©nxb Ges AcÖ‡qvRbxq Zz”Q welq| G
`yÕR‡bi ga¨Kvi we‡iva‡K wbQK Zz”Q e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv †_‡K
†evSv hvq †h KbóvbUvBb Rvb‡Zb bv †h wZwb †Kvb wel‡q K_v
ej‡Qb| GKw`‡K GK Ck¦‡i wek¦vm Ab¨ w`‡K wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm Gi
g‡a¨ Zvi `„wó‡Z †gŠwjK †Kvb we‡iva wQj bv| cÎ †_‡K †`Lv hvq,
KbóvbUvBb ev¯—e mZ¨ wb‡q bq, Zvi g‡bi kvwš—i e¨vcv‡iB †ewk
DwØMœ wQ‡jb| myZivs Zvi c‡Î †h †Kvb dj nqwb, Zv‡Z we¯§‡qi
wKQy †bB| K‡`©vevi †nvwmqvm G cÎ Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvq e‡q wb‡q
wM‡qwQ‡jb| Aí K‡qKw`b Ae¯’v‡bi ci wZwb Zvi wgk‡bi e¨_©Zv
m¤ú‡K© mgªvU‡K ÁvZ Kivi R‡b¨ k~b¨ nv‡Z wd‡i Av‡mb|
GKw`‡K hLb Gme NUbv N‡U P‡jwQj, Ab¨w`‡K KbóvbUvBb
Zvi fMœxcwZ wjwmbv‡mi (Licinus) mv‡_ hy× †¶‡Î jovB
KiwQ‡jb| hy‡× wjwmbvm wbnZ nb| wjwmbvm wQ‡jb Avwiqv‡mi
mg_©K| myZivs Zvi g„Zzï d‡j mgªv‡Ui ìev‡i Avwiqv‡mi Ae¯’vb
Av‡iv `ye©j n‡q c‡o| hv †nvK, KbóvbUvBb Dcjwä Ki‡jb †h,
GKwU hy‡× Rqjvf Ki‡jI kvwš— nviv‡bv m¤¢e| †nvwmqv‡mi
(Hosius) wgk‡bi e¨_©Zvi ci cÖv‡Pï cwiw¯’wZ †Mvj‡hvMc~Y© n‡q
c‡owQj| Avwiqv‡mi evYx I hyw³i cwiYwZ nj Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvq
i³cvZ| mvgªv‡Rï c~e©vÂj ev cÖv‡Pï me©Î Am‡š—vl Qwo‡q c‡o|
BwZc~‡e©B DËi Avwd«Kvq wek„•Ljv I †Mvj‡hvM wQj| G ch©v‡q
mgªvU Dcjwä K‡ib †h Zvi cjxq Pv‡P©i eÜzMY Zvi †Kvb mgm¨vB
wgwU‡q †Ìqvi gZ kw³kvjx bq| DËi Avwd«Kvi wel‡q Zvi
AwfÁZv †_‡K wZwb wk¶v jvf K‡iwQ‡jb Zv nj : cÖKv‡k¨ †Kvb
c¶ mg_©b Kiv Zvi DwPZ bq| ZvB wZwb AvnŸvb Kivi wm×vš—
†bb| GKRb †cŠËwjK wn‡m‡e Zvi Ae¯’vb Zv‡K GK weivU my‡hvM
G‡b w`‡qwQj| †h‡nZz wZwb weev`gvb †Kvb m¤úÖ`v‡qiB Abymvix
bb, †m Kvi‡Y wZwb GKRb wbi‡c¶ wePviK n‡Z cvi‡eb| Zvi
aviYv nj, Gi d‡j ZLb ch©š— wekciv †h mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb wQ‡jb,
Zv wbimb n‡e| KviY G ai‡bi GKwU wel‡qi wb®úwËKvix wn‡m‡e
GKRb L„óv‡bi mfvcwZ‡Z¡i welqwU †g‡b †bqv Zv‡ì c‡¶ m¤¢e
wQj bv| KbóvbUvB‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ wekc‡ì G mfvwU AvR KvDwÝj
Ae wbwmqv (Council of Nicea) wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
mfvi R‡b¨ Avgš¿Y wjwc †cÖiY Kiv nj| KbóvbUvBb ivRKxq
†KvlvMvi †_‡K Gi mKj e¨q fvi enb K‡ib| `yÕwee`gvb c‡¶
†bZ…e„›` Qvov Ab¨ hv‡ì Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bv nj Zviv mvwe©Kfv‡e
†Zgb Ávbm¤úbœ e¨w³ wQ‡jb bv| †WvbvUv‡mi cÖavb we‡ivax
†K‡mwjqvb‡K G mfvq Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bv n‡jI †WvbvUv‡mi Pv‡P©i
KvD‡KB Avgš¿Y Kiv nqwb| mfvq AskMÖnYKvix AwaK ¸i“Z¡cY~ ©
wekcMY n‡jb:
Kvqmvwiqvi BD‡mweqvm (Eusebius of Caesaria)

BD‡mweqvm wQ‡jb L„óxq ag©xq BwZnv‡mi RbK| Zvi MÖš’ nj
wewfbœ weei‡Yi cÖavb fvÊvi hv L„óxq ag©xq BwZnv‡mi PZz_© kZK‡K
cÖ_g kZ‡Ki mv‡_ mshy³ K‡i‡Q| cÖf~Z Ávb QvovI Zvi cÖfve
wQj AZ¨š— e¨vcK| cÖv‡Pï hvRK‡ì g‡a¨ wZwbB wQ‡jb GKgvÎ
e¨w³ whwb mgªv‡Ui g‡bi K_v ej‡Z cvi‡Zb| wZwb mgªv‡Ui
†`vfvlx, bvggvÎ hvRK I cv‡ci ¯^xKv‡ivw³ kÖeYKvix wQ‡jb|
wZwb g‡b cÖv‡Y Avwiqv‡mi gZvbymvix wQ‡jb Ges wdwjw¯—‡bi
AwaKvsk wek‡ci mg_©b wZwb jvf K‡iwQ‡jb|
wb‡Kv‡gwWqvi BD‡mweqvm (Eusebius of Nicomedia)

wZwb wQ‡jb GK AwfRvZ cwiev‡ii mš—vb| wZwb GKB mgq
jywmqvb I Avwiqv‡mi Abymvix wQ‡jb| Zvi Ava¨vwZ¥K L¨vwZ me©Î
¯^xK…Z wQj| H mgq GKB bv‡g (BD‡mweqvm) `yÕRb Ck¦if³ e¨w³
wQ‡jb| hvi d‡j mgKvjxb HwZnvwmK‡ì g‡a¨ Zv‡ì e¨vcv‡i
wKQyUv weåvwš—i m„wó n‡qwQj| wb‡Kv‡gwWqvi BD‡mweqvm Avwiqv‡mi
AwePj mg_©b wQ‡jb| Avwiqv‡mi Abymvixiv Zv‡K ÒgnvbÓ e‡j
AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| Zvi A‡jŠwKK ¶gZv wQj| wZwb cÖ_‡g êi“‡Zi
wekc wQ‡jb, c‡i wb‡Kv‡gwWqvq e`wj nb| wb‡Kv‡gwWqv ZLb
cÖv‡Pï ivRavbx wQj| mgªv‡Ui fMœxcwZ I cÖwZØ›Øx wjwmbvm Zvi
GKRb fvj eÜz wQ‡jb| d‡j mgªv‡Ui †evb KbóvbwUbvi
(Constantina) Dci Zvi e¨vcK cÖfve wQj| wjwmbvm mgªv‡Ui
mv‡_ jovB‡q wjß nb| Ges cÖvY nvivb| ¯^vgxi g„Zzï ci
KbóvbwUbv emev‡mi R‡b¨ ivR cÖmv‡` P‡j hvb| Gfv‡e
KbóvbwUbvi gva¨‡g I ivR cwiev‡ii mv‡_ Zvi `~i m¤úK©xq
AvZ¥xqZvi Kvi‡Y ivRìev‡i Zvi fvj cÖfve wQj Ges Zv KL‡bvB
Le© nqwb| ïay Zvi cÖfv‡eB mgªvU KbóvbUvBb Avwiqv‡mi Pv‡P©
L„óag© MÖnY K‡ib Ges †kl ch©š— G‡Kk¦iev‡` wek¦vmx n‡qB
g„ZzëiY K‡ib|
G_vbvwmqvm (Athanasius):
eq‡m Zi“Y GB e¨w³wU wÎZ¡ev‡ì GK KÆi mg_©K wQ‡jb|
eva©‡K¨ DcbxZ I Avwiqvm KZ©…K eûevi wech©¯— Av‡jKRvÛvi
wbwmqvi mfvq wb‡R hvIqvi cwie‡Z© cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e
G_vbvwmqvm‡K †cÖi‡Yi wm×vš— MÖnY K‡ib|
†nvwmqvm (Hosius)
†nvwmqvm wQ‡jb mgªv‡Ui cÖavb mfvm`| Zvi ¸i“Z¡ wQj GLv‡b
†h wZwb cvðv‡Z¨ cjxq Pv‡P©i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Zb †hLv‡b mgªv‡Ui
cÖfve wQj `ye©jZvi| †nvwmqvm GKRb ag©xq cwÊZ wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z
wQ‡jb| BwZnv‡m wZwb Ôgvbbxq cÖexY e¨w³Õ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ wQ‡jb
hv‡K G_vbvwmqvm ÔcweÎÕ (Holy) e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| D”P
PwiÎ e‡ji R‡b¨ wZwb mK‡ji Kv‡Q mycwiwPZ wQ‡jb| mgªv‡Ui
mv‡_ NwbôZvi Kvi‡Y Zvi ¸i“Z¡ e„w× †c‡qwQj|
Dc‡iv³ K‡qKRb QvovI KvDwÝ‡j Ggb me e¨w³ wQ‡jb hviv
ag©wbôvi R‡b¨ L¨vwZgvb n‡jI Áv‡bi R‡b¨ L¨vwZgvb wQ‡jb bv|
Zv‡ì ü`q cweÎ _vK‡jI gy‡Li fvlv memgq cwikxwjZ wQj bv|
w¯úwi‡Wg (Spiridem)
w¯úwi‡Wg wQ‡jb GKRb AgvwR©Z I mijgbv hvRK| wZwb wQ‡jb
†m me Awkw¶Z wekc‡ìB GKRb hviv H mgq wQ‡jb PvP©¸‡jv‡Z
msL¨vMwiô| Zvi cÖwZ Mfxifv‡e `„wó w`‡j wZwb Kx ai‡bi gvbyl wQ‡jb
Zv eySvi †¶‡Î mnvqK n‡e| wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb †gl cvjK| wbcxob-
wbh©vZb m‡Ë¡I wZwb Zvi wek¦v‡m AUj wQ‡jb| a‡g©i ivRbxwZi e¨vcv‡i
Zvi Ávb wQj fvlv| Zvi cÖwZ wewfbœ A‡jŠwKK NUbv Av‡ivwcZ nIqvi
Kvi‡Y wZwb wekc wbhy³ nb| wekc nIqvi ciI Zvi mvaviY I †Mu‡qv
†ek-f~lvi cwieZ©b nqwb| wZwb me mgq cèª‡R Pj‡Zb| cjxq Pv‡P©i
Ab¨vb¨ ÔivRcyÎMYÕ Zv‡K cQ›` Ki‡Zb bv| Zv‡ì D‡ØM wQj †h wZwb
h_vmg‡q mfvi Awa‡ek‡b †hvM w`‡Z wbwmqv †cuŠQ‡Z cvi‡eb wKbv|
w¯úwi‡Wg hLb mgªv‡Ui KvQ †_‡K Avgš¿Y cÎ †c‡jb, wZwb Dcjwä
Ki‡jb wZwb hw` h_vmg‡q †cuŠQ‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j Zv‡K L”P‡ii wc‡V
mIqvi n‡q mdi Ki‡Z n‡e| wZwb Ab¨vb¨ wekc‡ì gZ `jej bv
wb‡q GKRb gvÎ cwiPviK m‡½ wb‡q hvÎv Ki‡jb| Zviv `yÕwU LP‡i
P‡o mdi KiwQ‡jb| GKwU is wQj mv`v, Ab¨wUi is wQj mv`v I
Kv‡jvq wgkv‡bv| GK iv‡Z Zviv GKwU mivBLvbvq AvkÖq †bb| G mgq
†mLv‡b Ab¨vb¨ wekcivI †cuŠ‡Qb hviv wbwð‡š— wQ‡jb bv †h w¯úwi‡Wg
mfvi Av‡jvPbvq Ask MÖn‡Yi R‡b¨ Av‡`Š †hvM¨ wKbv| ciw`b †fv‡i
w¯úwi‡Wg hLb wb`ªvq we‡fvi, Zviv `yÕwU L”Pi‡K nZ¨vK‡i mivBLvbv
Z¨vM K‡ib| w¯úwi‡Wg Nyg †_‡K †R‡M L”Pi¸‡jv‡K Avnvi Kwi‡q
†m¸‡jvi wc‡V wRb Pvcv‡Z cwiPviK‡K wb‡`©k w`‡jb| †m L”Pi¸‡jv‡K
g„Z Ae¯’vq †`L‡Z †c‡q w¯úwi‡Wg‡K †mB `ytmsev` w`j| wekcMY
L”Pi `yÕwUi g¯—K †`n †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †d‡jwQ‡jb| wZwb cwiPviK‡K
cÖwZwU L”P‡ii †`‡ni Kv‡Q †m ¸‡jvi KwZ©Z gv_v G‡b ivL‡Z ej‡jb|
†m AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ fyj K‡i GK L”P‡ii gv_v Ab¨wUi Kv‡Q wb‡q
ivLj| †hBgvÎ †m gv_v¸‡jv L”Pi¸‡jvi †`‡ni Kv‡Q ivLj, mv‡_ mv‡_
†m¸‡jv Rxeb jvf K‡i D‡V ùvovj| Zviv Zv‡ì hvÎv Avevi ïi“
Ki‡jb| wKQy mgq ciB Zviv †mB wekc‡ì `j‡K AwZµg Ki‡jb
hviv †f‡ewQj †h Zviv w¯úwi‡Wg‡K h‡_ó wcQ‡b †d‡j Avm‡Z m¶g
n‡q‡Q Ges wZwb h_v mg‡q wbwmqv †cuŠQ‡Z cvi‡eb bv| Zv‡ì we¯§q
Pi‡g †cuŠQvj hLb Zviv †`Lj †h mv`v L”PiwUi gv_v mv`v Kv‡jv is
Ab¨w`‡K mv`v Kv‡jv i‡Oi L”PiwUi gv_v mv`v|20
cvUvgb (Patamon)
wZwb GKRb mbœ¨vmx wQ‡jb|
Iwmqvm (Ocsius)
wZwb ïay Zvi AvPviwbôZvi Kvi‡Y L¨vwZ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb|
wb‡Kvjv‡mi gvBRvi (Myser of Nicholas)
Zvi bvgwU BwZnv‡m ¯’vb jvf K‡i‡Q we‡klZ Pv‡P©i
HwZnvwmKM‡Yi Ki‡Y, †h‡nZz Avwiqvm hLb K_v ejwQ‡jb, wZwb
ZLb Zvi Kv‡b Nywm †g‡iwQ‡jb|
Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq, wbwmqvi (wbwKI) cwil` †ewki fvM †mme
wekc‡ì wb‡qB MwVZ n‡qwQj hviv GKvš— ag©wbô wQ‡jb, wKš‘ g~j
wel‡q ch©vß eyw×e„wËK Ávb Zv‡ì wQj bv| G mKj †jvK‡K nVvr
K‡i †mKv‡ji MÖxK `k©‡bi PUc‡U I AZ¨š— Ávbx e¨vL¨vZv‡ì
gy‡LvgywL Kiv n‡qwQj| Zv‡ì cÖKvk fw½ wQj Ggb †h Kx ejv
n‡”Q Zvi Zvrch© ey‡S IVv Gme wek‡ci c‡¶ m¤¢e wQj bv| Zviv
Zv‡ì Áv‡bi hyw³c~Y© e¨vL¨v w`‡Z AcivM n‡q A_ev Zv‡ì
we‡ivax‡ì mv‡_ weZ‡K© A¶g n‡q Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì wek¦v‡m w¯’Z
n‡q Pzc K‡i _vKv A_ev mgªv‡Ui wm×v‡š—i mv‡_ GKgZ nIqv Qvov
Zv‡ì Avi wKQy Kivi wQj bv|
mfv ïi“ nIqvi K‡qKw`b Av‡MB mKj cÖwZwbwa wbwmqv
†cuv‡Qb| Zviv †QvU †QvU `‡j R‡ov n‡Zb Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Avmbœ
mfvi welq wb‡q cÖKv‡k¨ weZK© nZ| Gme mgv‡e‡k, hv mvaviYZ
wRgbvwmqvg ev †Lvjv AvKv‡ki bx‡P AbywôZ nZ, MÖxK `vk©wbKMY
Zv‡ì hyw³i evY Quy‡o w`‡Zb Ges e¨½¨ we`ªƒc Ki‡Zb Z‡e Zv
AvMZ cÖwZwbwa‡ì weåvš— KiZ bv|
Ae‡k‡l wbw`©ó w`bwU Gj| cÖ‡Z¨‡KB mfvq Dcw¯’Z n‡jb|
mgªvU mfv D‡Øvab Ki‡eb| cÖvmv‡ì GKwU wekvj K¶ mfvi R‡b¨
wba©viY Kiv nq| K‡¶i gvSLv‡b †Uwe‡j †mKv‡ji mKj ÁvZ
Mm‡c‡ji Kwc mg~n ivLv n‡q wQj| †m¸‡jvi msL¨v wQj cÖvq 3kÕ|
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki `„wó wbe× wQj PgrKvi mv‡R mw¾Z Kv‡Vi ˆZwi
ivRwmsnvm‡bi w`‡K| wmsnvmbwU ¯’vcb Kiv n‡qwQj ci¯ú‡ii
w`‡K gyL K‡i mwbœweó `yÕmvwi Avm‡bi g‡a¨, K‡¶i DuPz n‡q D‡V
hvIqv w`‡Ki †kl cÖv‡š—| gv‡S gv‡S `~ivMZ wgwQ‡ji kã †ivj
Qvov K‡¶i g‡a¨ Mfxi bxieZv weivR KiwQj| wgwQjwU cÖvmv‡ì
w`‡KB AMÖmi nw”Qj| G mgq ivRìev‡ii Kg©KZ©viv G‡K G‡K
Avm‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jb| †kl gyn‚‡Z© †Kvb †NvlYv QvovB mgªvU G‡m
nvwRi n‡jb| mfvq AvMZ mg‡eZ cÖwZwbwaiv D‡V ùvov‡jb Ges
cÖ_gev‡ii gZ Zviv mgªvU KbóvbUvB‡bi cÖwZ mwe¯§q `„wó wb‡¶c
Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| wZwb wQ‡jb mgªvU KbóvbUvBb, weRqx, gnvb,
†kÖô| Zvi `xN© †`n, myMwVZ kixi, cÖk¯— Kuva Ges my`k©b gyLvqei
Zvi D”P gh©v`vi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© wQj| Zvi Awfe¨w³ †`‡L Zv‡K
AweKj †ivgvb m~h©‡èZv A¨v‡cv‡jvi gZ g‡b nw”Qj| wekc‡ì
A‡b‡KB Zvi Sjg‡j RgKv‡jv ivR †cvkvK †`‡L we¯§qvwff~Z
n‡q c‡ob| Zvi `xN© Pz‡j XvKv gv_vq wQj gwbgy³v LwPZ
ivRgyKzU| Zvi D¾¡j jvj i‡½i AvjLvj−v wQj g~jëvb cv_i I
†mvbvi Kvi“KvR LwPZ| Zvi cv‡q wQj UKU‡K jvj i‡Oi RyZv hv
†mKv‡j ïaygvÎ mgªvUivB cv‡q w`‡Zb Ges G Kv‡j ïaygvÎ †cvcB
Zv c‡ib|
mgªv‡Ui `yÕcv‡k Avmxb wQ‡jb †nvwmqvm I BD‡mweqvm|
BD‡mweqvm mgªv‡Ui D‡Ï‡k¨ e³…Zvi gva¨‡g mfvi Kvh©µg ïi“
Ki‡jb| mgªvU msw¶ß fvl‡Yi g‡a¨ w`‡q Zvi Reve w`‡jb| Zvi
fvlY j¨vwUb †_‡K MÖxK fvlvq Abyev` Kiv nq hv Aí †jv‡KB
eyS‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| GgbwK mgªvU wb‡RI Zv †Zgb eyS‡Z
cv‡ibwb| KviY MÖxK fvlvq Zvi Ávb wQj AwZ mvgvb¨| mfvi KvR
hZB AMÖmi n‡Z _vKj, weZ‡K©i †ZviYØvi ZZ Db¥y³ n‡Z ïi“
Kij| KbóvbUvBb Zvi fv½v fv½v MÖxK Ávb wb‡q GKUv wel‡qB
Zvi mKj kw³ wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡jb| Zv nj, GKwU me©m¤§Z wm×v‡š—
†cuŠQv| wZwb cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Rvwb‡q w`‡jb †h wewfbœ `‡ji KvQ †_‡K
K‡qKw`b Av‡M wZwb hZ Awf‡hvM Av‡e`b †c‡qwQ‡jb Zvi meB
wZwb cywo‡q w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb Avk¦¯— Ki‡jb †h †h‡nZz wZwb
†m¸‡jvi †KvbwUB c‡obwb, †h‡nZz Zvi gb †Lvjv i‡q‡Q Ges wZwb
c¶cvZ`yó bb|
cjxq Pv‡P©i cÖwZwbwaMY Ck¦‡ii 3wU Ask cÖgvY Ki‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zviv evB‡ej †_‡K gvÎ `yÕR‡bi c‡¶ hyw³ †ck
Ki‡Z m¶g nb| Zv m‡Ë¡I ÔcweÎ AvZ¥vÕ †K Ck¦‡ii Z…Zxq Ask
Z_v Z…Zxq Ck¦i wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv nq hwÌ G KwíZ wel‡qi
mg_©‡b †Kvb hyw³ cÖ`k©b Kiv nqwb| Ab¨w`‡K jywmqv‡bi wklïv
Zv‡ì wfwË m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ wQ‡jb Ges Zviv wÎZ¡ev`x‡ì GKwU
Am¤¢e Ae¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨ Ae¯’v‡b †h‡Z eva¨ K‡ib|
wÎZ¡ev`xiv GKRb L„óv‡bi †h msÁv wba©viY Ki‡Z PvBwQj,
Avwiqvm I Ab¨vb¨ GKZ¡ev`x mg_©K‡ì ev` w`‡q †m msÁv
wba©vi‡Y mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| we‡kl K‡i wÎZ¡ev` hv‡K Zviv `yÕc‡¶i
g‡a¨ cÖavb weZwK©Z welq e‡j ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc K‡iwQj, cÖK…Zc‡¶
†Kvb Mm‡c‡jB Zvi D‡jL wQj bv| Zv‡ì e³e¨ wQj †h Zviv
hv‡K ÔcyÎÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i wZwb Ck¦‡ii cyÎ| Avwiqvm
cš’xiv Zvi Rev‡e e‡j †h Zviv mK‡jB ÔCk¦‡ii cyÎÕ, KviY
evB‡e‡j †jLv Av‡Q †h, ÒmKj wKQyB Ck¦i †_‡K|Ó21 G hyw³
eënvi Kiv n‡j mKj m„wóiB Ck¦iZ¡ cÖgvwYZ nq| cjxq wekcMY
ZLb hyw³ DÌvcb K‡ib †h hxï ïay ÔCk¦i n‡ZÕ bb, ÔCk¦‡ii mËv
†_‡KI|Õ G hyw³ mKj mbvZbcš’x L„óv‡bi we‡ivwaZvi m¤§yLxb
nq| Zviv e‡jb, evB‡e‡j G ai‡bi †Kvb K_vB †bB| Gfv‡e
hxï‡K Ck¦i cÖwZcbœ Kivi †Póv L„óvb‡ì HKë× Kivi cwie‡Z©
Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡iv wefw³ m„wó K‡i| †ec‡ivqv n‡q wÎZ¡ev`xiv ZLb
hyw³ cÖ`k©b K‡i †h evB‡e‡j ejv n‡q‡Q †h Òhxï n‡jb wcZv I
mZ¨ Ck¦‡ii wPiš—b fveg~wZ©|Ó22 Avwiqvm cš’xiv Zvi Rev‡e e‡jb,
evB‡e‡j GK_vI ejv n‡q‡Q †h ÒAvgiv gvbeMY Ck¦‡ii fveg~wZ© I
†MŠie|Ó23 hv †nvK, G hyw³ hw` M„nxZ nq Zvn‡j cÖgvwYZ nq ïay
hxïB bq, mKj gvbylB Hk¦wiK e‡j `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i|
mfvK‡¶B ïay bq, ivRcÖvmv‡ì g‡aÏ Av‡jvPbv Pj‡Z
_v‡K| mgªv‡Ui gvZv †n‡jbv cjxq PvP©‡K mg_©b K‡ib| wZwb
wQ‡jb ivRbxwZ wekvi`, Zvi i‡³ wQj kvmK †Mvôxi aviv cÖevn
gvb| Ab¨w`‡K mgªv‡Ui †evb KbóvbwUbv wQ‡jb GKZ¡ev‡` wek¦vmx|
wZwb Avwiqvm‡K mg_©b Ki‡Zb| Zvi g‡Z Avwiqvm hxïi wk¶vi
Abymvix wQ‡jb| wZwb ivRbxwZ N„Yv Ki‡Zb Ges Ck¦i‡K fvj
evm‡Zb I fq Ki‡Zb| weZK© ivR ìev‡iI Qwo‡q c‡o| mfvq
hvi ïi“ n‡qwQj Zv ivR cÖvmv` ch©š— m¤úÖmvwiZ nq Ges Zv‡Z
ivRcyi“l I cÖvmv‡ì cvPKMYI GK ¸i“Z¡cY~ © f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
my‡KŠk‡j mgªvU `yÕc¶ †_‡K `~iZ¡ eRvq iv‡Lb Ges mevB‡K AvuP-
Abygv‡bi g‡a¨ iv‡Lb| GKRb †cŠËwjK wn‡m‡e wZwb L„óvb‡ì
†Kvb m¤úÖ`v‡qiB c‡¶ wQ‡jb bv| GwU wQj Zvi c‡¶ GK
†Rviv‡jv hyw³|
weZK© Pj‡Z _vKv Ae¯’vq Dfq c‡¶i Kv‡QB ¯úó n‡q D‡V †h
G mfvq †Kvb my¯úó wm×v‡š— †cuŠQv‡bv hv‡e bv| Zv m‡Ë¡I Zviv
mgªv‡Ui mg_©‡bi cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡jb †h‡nZz cjxq Pv‡P©i R‡b¨ †mUv
wQj kw³ e„w×i e¨vcvi| Ab¨w`‡K DËi Avwd«Kvevmx‡ì R‡b¨
mgªv‡Ui mg_©b jv‡fi A_© wQj Zv‡ì wbcxo‡bi Aemvb|
KbóvbUvB‡bi AvbyK‚j¨ jv‡fi R‡b¨ Dcw¯’Z mKj wekc a‡g©i wKQy
cwieZ©b mva‡b m¤§Z nb| ivRKzgvix KbóvbwUbv BD‡mweqvm‡K
civgk© w`‡jb †h mgªvU GKwU HKë× PvP© Pvb| KviY L„óvb
m¤úÖ`v‡qi wefw³ mvgªvR¨‡K wec`MÖ¯— Ki‡e| wKš‘ hw` †Kvb
HKgZ¨ bv nq Zv n‡j wZwb âh© nviv‡eb Ges L„óvb‡ì cÖwZ Zvi
mg_©b cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡eb| hw` wZwb †m cš’vB MÖnY K‡ib Zv n‡j
L„óvb‡ì cwiw¯’wZ Av‡Mi †P‡qI Lvivc n‡e Ges L„óvb ag©I
AwaKZi wecbœ n‡e| BD‡mweqv‡mi civgk©µ‡g Avwiqvm I Zvi
Abymvixiv wbw®Œq f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡jb, Z‡e mfv †h me cwieZ©b
mva‡bi wm×vš— wbj Zv †_‡K Zviv wb‡R‡ì `~‡i mwi‡q ivL‡jb|
†h‡nZz †m mgq mvgªv‡Rï me©Î †ivgvb m~h©‡èZvi Dcvmbv AZ¨š—
RbwcÖq wQj Ges mgªvU‡K c„w_ex‡Z †èZvi iƒc wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv
nZ, G †cÖw¶‡Z cjxq PvP© :
• †ivgvb m~h-© wèm (Sun-day)- †K L„óvb‡ì mvßvwnK
ag©xq wèm †NvlYv Kij;
• m~h-© †èZvi cÖPwjZ Rb¥ wèm 25 wW‡m¤î†K hxïi Rb¥
wèm wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kij;
• m~h-© †èZvi cÖZxK Av‡jvi µzk‡K (Cross of light)
L„óev‡ì cÖZxK wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kij;
• Ges m~h-© †èZvi Rb¥ wè‡mi mKj Drme Abyôvb‡K
wb‡R‡ì Drme Abyôvb wn‡m‡e cvj‡bi wm×vš— wbj|
L„óvb ag© Ges Zvi mvgªv‡Rï a‡g©i ga¨Kvi wecyj eëavb
AZ¨š— D‡jL †hvM¨ fv‡e n«vm cvIqvi G NUbv mgªvU KbóvbUvB‡bi
R‡b¨ wbðqB AZ¨š— m‡š—vlRbK g‡b n‡qwQj| PvP© Zvi B”Qvbyhvqx
KvR K‡i| d‡j Pv‡P©i cÖwZ Zvi mg_©b Av‡M `ye©j _vK‡jI GLb
Zv AZ¨š— †Rviv‡jv n‡q I‡V|
P~ovš— fv‡e wÎZ¡ev` L„óvba‡g©i †gŠwjK gZev` wn‡m‡e M„nxZ
nq| G ch©v‡q m¤¢eZ GB gZev‡ì wKQy Abymvixi ZLbI mivmwi
GKZ¡ev‡ì AwfÁZv I Zvi cÖwZ mg_©b we`¨gvb wQj| Zv‡ì
R‡b¨ wÎZ¡ev` †mB cš’vi †P‡q Kg wKQy wQj bv †h cš’vq Zviv hv
cÖZ¨¶ K‡iwQj Zv eY©bvi †Póv KiZ| †h‡nZz hxï †h GK Ck¦‡ii
wk¶v w`‡qwQ‡jb Zv ZLb wejyß n‡qwQj, ZvB Zviv †kl cš’v
wn‡m‡e c†UvwbK `k©‡bi cwifvlv eënvi Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj hwÌ
Zv Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi R‡b¨ ch©vß wQj bv| Kvh©Z G-B wQj
Zv‡ì me hv Zviv RvbZ| hv †nvK, G welqwU mvgvb¨ wKQy †jv‡Ki
Kv‡QB ¯úó wQj| Gcywjqvm (Apuleius) wj‡L‡Qb, ÒAvwg bxi‡e
GB gwngvwš^Z I c−v†UvwbK gZev` D‡c¶v K‡iwQjvg| KviY
mvgvb¨ wKQy ag©cÖvY e¨w³B GUv ey‡SwQ‡jb, Ab¨w`‡K cÖwZwU mvaviY
gvby‡li Kv‡QB Zv AÁvZ wQj|Ó24 c−v‡Uv e‡jb, Òmªóv‡K †LuvRv
KwVb, wKš‘ wbæ‡kÖwYi †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv Am¤¢e|Ó 25
wc_v‡Mvivm e‡jb, ÒKz-ms¯‹viv”Qbœ g‡Zi gvby‡li g‡a¨ Ck¦‡ii K_v
ejv wbivc` bq| Zv‡ì Kv‡Q mZ¨ ev wg_¨v ejv mgvb
wec¾bK|Ó26
hviv GK Ck¦‡ii êwkó¨ cÖKv‡ki †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb Zv‡ì Kv‡iv
Kv‡iv Kv‡Q hwÌ G cwifvlvi eënvi †hŠw³K e‡jB MY¨ wQj,
wKš‘ Kvh©Z G cÖ‡Póv e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ nIqvi Dcµg n‡qwQj|
Ggb †Kvb cš’v wQj bv hv‡Z Ô†èZvMYÕ Gi MÖxK aviYv hxïi Kv‡Q
cÖZ¨v‡`kK…Z a‡g©i †kÖôZ¡‡K mdjfv‡e Le© Ki‡Z cv‡i| G ai‡bi
†Kvb NUbv ïaygvÎ cj I Zvi Abymvix‡ì c‡¶B Kíbv Kiv m¤¢e
wQj| hviv MÖxK `k©‡bi Av`k© ü`qsMg Ki‡Z cv‡iwb Zv‡ì g‡a¨
ïay weåvwš—iB m„wó n‡qwQj| Avm‡j wÎZ¡ev‡ì ms¯ú‡k© hviv
G‡mwQj, Zv‡ì msL¨vMwiô As‡ki Ae¯’vB wQj G iKg| Zviv †h
weåvwš—‡Z cwZZ n‡qwQj Zv bvbv Ríbv Kíbvi m„wó K‡iwQj| mfv
wb‡R †_‡KB Zv‡ì my¯úófv‡e G c‡_ †V‡j w`‡qwQj| G gZev`
Kxfv‡e D™¢‚Z Ges †Kb Zv M„nxZ nj, wK K‡i AbvbyôvwbK fv‡e
Aby‡gvw`Z nj, Zv †evaMg¨| GUvI cwi®‹vi †h G gZev‡ì †¶‡Î
weåvwš—i †cÖw¶‡Z Avwiqvm †Kb c_ wb‡`©kbvi R‡b¨ MÖxK
`vk©wbK‡ì wPš—vavivi AvkÖq †bqvi e`‡j L„óvb a‡g©i Dr‡mi Kv‡Q
wd‡i hvevi Dci ¸i“Z¡ cÖ`vb K‡iwQ‡jb| KviY MÖxK `k©b bex
hxïi Dci cÖZ¨v‡`k †_‡K D™¢‚Z wQj bv|
wbwmqvi mfvq G me cwieZ©b msNwUZ nIqvi cieZ©x c`‡¶c
wQj hxïi wk¶v †_‡K m‡i Avmv| †mUvI m¤¢e n‡qwQj| AvR hv
wbmxq ag©gZ (Nicene Creed) bv‡g cwiwPZ Zv mgªvU
KbóvbUvB‡bi mg_©‡b mfvq Dcw¯’Z‡ì Øviv cÖYxZ I mZ¨vwqZ|
G‡Z wÎZ¡ev`x‡ì gZB ¯’vb †c‡qwQj Ges Avwiqv‡mi wk¶vi
mivmwi cÖZ¨vL¨vb wn‡m‡e wb‡æv³ ˆè Awfkvc mshy³ Kiv
n‡qwQj|
hviv e‡j, ÒGK mgq wZwb wQ‡jb bv Ges R‡b¥i c~‡e© wZwb Aw¯—
Z¡kxj wQ‡jb bv Ges wZwb †Kvb wKQy †_‡K Aw¯—Z¡kxj nbwbÓ
A_ev hviv e‡j †h Ck¦‡ii cyÎ wfbœ mËv ev Dcv`vb A_ev wZwb
m„ó n‡q‡Qb A_ev cwieZ©‡bi Dc‡hvMxÑ Zv‡ì R‡b¨ K¨v_wjK
Pv‡P©i Awfkvc|
hviv G ag©g‡Z ¯^v¶i K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv‡ì †KD †KD G‡Z
wek¦vmx wQ‡jb, †KD †KD Rvb‡Zb bv †h wK †m Zviv Zv‡ì bvg
¯^v¶i K‡i‡Qb, Ges wKQy e¨w³, hviv mfvi cÖwZwbwa‡ì g‡a¨
msL¨vMwiô wQ‡jb, Zviv wÎZ¡ev‡ì mv‡_ GKgZ n‡Z cv‡ibwb, wKš‘
Zviv Awb”Qv m‡Ë¡I mgªvU‡K Lywk Kivi R‡b¨ G‡Z ¯^v¶i K‡ib|
Zv‡ì GKRb e‡jb, ÒGKUz Kvwji wewbg‡q cÖvY i¶v †gv‡UB
Lvivc bq|Ó G e³e¨ cÖm‡½ †cÖv‡dmi †MvqvUwKb (Gwatkin)
`ytL K‡i e‡j‡Qb †h, GKRb HwZnvwm‡Ki R‡b¨ GwU †Kvb
Avb›``vqK `„k¨ wQj bv| nq‡Zv NUbv G iKgB wQj e‡j †cÖv‡dmi
†MvqvUwKb GKRb HwZnvwmK wn‡m‡e Zv †j‡Lbwb, wZwb cvjb
K‡i‡Qb GKRb AvBbRxexi f~wgKv whwb GKwU `ye©j gvgjv
cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|
GivB wQj †m me †jvK hviv GKRb †cŠËwjK mgªv‡Ui Aax‡b
wm×vš— MÖnY K‡iwQj †h GKRb †Muvov L„óv‡bi cix¶v wK n‡e| Gi
dj wÎZ¡ev`x‡ì Rb¨ †hgb †Zgwb Avwiqvmcš’x‡ì RbÏ AZ¨š—
we¯§qKi n‡qwQj| NUbv †Kvb w`‡K †gvo †b‡e Zv Kv‡iviB Rvbv
wQj bv| mve©Rbxb cix¶v MÖn‡Yi aviYvwU wQj GK wec−weK
cwieZ©b| †KDB Zv cQ›` K‡iwb| Z`ycwi Avwiqvmev‡ì mivmwi
wb›`v wQj GK gvivZ¥K c`‡¶c| GgbwK hviv ag©g‡Zi mZ¨vq‡b
m¤§wZ Ávcb K‡iwQj ZvivI m‡›`‡ni mv‡_B Zv K‡iwQj| cweÎ
MÖ‡š’ wQj bv Ges hxï ev Zvi wkl¨‡ì Øviv e¨³ ev D‡j−wLZ bq,
Ggb GKwU k‡ãi mg_©‡b ¯^v¶i Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| eû XvK‡Xvj
wcwU‡q †Zvo‡Rvo K‡i †h mfvi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡qwQj ev¯—‡e Zv
wKQy AR©b Ki‡Z m¤ú~Y© e¨_© nq|
GKRb gvÎ e¨w³ Rvb‡Zb †h wZwb wK Ki‡Qb| wZwb n‡jb
mgªvU KbóvbUvBb| wZwb Rvb‡Zb †h `„p wek¦vm bq, †fv‡Ui Dci
wfwË K‡i ùvo Kiv‡bv GKwU ag©gZ‡K ¸i“‡Z¡i mv‡_ MÖnY Kiv n‡e
bv| †Kvb e¨w³ Ck¦‡i wek¦vm Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ Zv‡K MYZvwš¿K
cš’vq wbe©vwPZ bvI Ki‡Z cv‡i| wZwb Rvb‡Zb Kxfv‡e I †Kb
wekcMY ag©g‡Zi †NvlYvq ¯^v¶i K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wekc‡ì Zv‡ì
B”Qvi wei“‡× ¯^v¶i w`‡Z eva¨ K‡i‡Qb Ggb aviYv m„wó bv Kivi
e¨vcv‡i `„p msKí wQ‡jb| myZivs wm×vš— †bqv nq †h mfvi wm×v‡š—
i cÖwZ Ck¦‡ii mg_©b I Aby‡gv`b cÖgv‡Yi R‡b¨ Ck¦‡ii A‡jŠwKK
¶gZvi AvkÖq †bqv n‡e| mfvi ïi“‡Z G‡b R‡ov Kiv hxïi wk¶vi
wjwLZ weeiY Mm‡c‡ji wekvj ¯—c ‚ ZLbI mfvK‡¶i ga¨Lv‡b ivLv
wQj| GKwU m~Î g‡Z, †mLv‡b †m mg‡q 270wU Mm‡cj ivLv wQj|
Ab¨ GKwU m~Î g‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi Mm‡c‡ji msL¨v wQj 4000 Gi
gZ| hw` †m¸‡jvi msL¨v G‡Kev‡iB Kwg‡q aiv nq Zvn‡jI †Kvb
wkw¶Z L„óv‡bi R‡b¨ †m msL¨v wQj A‡bK †ewk| Mm‡c‡j Luy‡R
cvIqv hvq bv Ggb me aviYv m¤^wjZ Ges †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î
Mm‡c‡ji mv‡_ mivmwi we‡ivag~jK GKwU ag©xq gZev` cÖYqb I
cÖPjb wKQy †jvK‡K †hgb weåvš— K‡iwQj Ab¨w`‡K Mm‡cjmg~‡ni
we`¨gvbZv Ab¨‡ì Rb¨ LyeB AmyweavRbK wQj|
G †cÖw¶‡Z wm×vš— M„nxZ nq †h mKj Mm‡cj mfvK‡¶ GKwU
†Uwe‡ji bx‡P ivLv n‡e| Zvi ci mK‡jB K¶ Z¨vM K‡i Ges Zv
Zvjve× Kiv nq| GLb †h Mm‡cjwU mwVK †mUv hv‡Z †Uwe‡ji
Dci P‡j Av‡m Zvi Rb¨ mvivivZ a‡i cÖv_©bv Kivi R‡b¨ wekc‡ì
wb‡`©k †Ìqv nq| mKvj †ejv †`Lv †Mj, Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii cÖwZwbwa
G_vbvwmqv‡mi Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ Mm‡cjwU †Uwe‡ji Dci ¯’vwcZ
i‡q‡Q| G NUbvq †Uwe‡ji bx‡P _vKv Ab¨vb¨ mKj Mm‡cj cywo‡q
†djvi wm×vš— †bqv nq| Z‡e †mB iv‡Z mfvK‡¶i Zvjvi Pvwe Kvi
Kv‡Q wQj, †m e¨vcv‡i wKQy Rvbv hvq bv|
Gici Abby‡gvw`Z Mm‡cj Kv‡Q ivLv ¸i“Zi Aciv‡a cwiYZ
nq| Gi cwiYwZ‡Z cieZ©x eQi¸‡jv‡Z 10 jv‡LiI †ewk L„óvb
wbnZ nq| G_vbvwmqvm †h Kxfv‡e L„óvb‡ì g‡a¨ HK¨ cÖwZôvi
†Póv K‡iwQ‡jb, G †_‡KB Zv eySv hvq|
wbwmwqi mfv †_‡K cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi ci wekcMY Zv‡ì cy‡iv‡bv
we‡iva‡K RvwM‡q Zzj‡jb hv Zviv mgªvU KZ©…K Avn‚Z n‡q cwiZ¨vM
K‡iwQ‡jb| jovB ïi“ nq, cy‡iv‡bv we‡iva Pj‡ZB _v‡K| Zviv †h
wbwmqvi mfvq ag©g‡Z ¯^v¶i K‡i‡Qb, †m K_v wew¯§Z n‡jb|
Avwiqv‡mi mg_©Kiv wbwmqvi ag©gZ‡K cÖK…Z L„óvb a‡g©i mg_©K
e‡j we‡ePbv K‡ib bv, †m K_v †Mvcb Ki‡jb bv| GKgvÎ
G_vbvwmqvmB (Athanasius) m¤¢eZ G bqv ag©g‡Zi cÖwZ AbyMZ
wQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zvi mg_©K‡ì g‡a¨ G wb‡q m‡›`n weivR KiwQj|
Ab¨w`‡K cvðv‡Z¨ Zv wQj m¤ú~Y© AÁvZ|
wbwmqvi mfvi 30 eQi ciI mvay wnjvwi (Saint Hillary)
wbmxq ag©gZ m¤ú‡K© AbewnZ wQ‡jb| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb :
Avgiv hv‡ì we‡ivax Zv‡ì Avgiv Awfkvc w`w”Q| Avgv‡ì
g‡a¨ Ab¨ Kv‡iv gZev` †nvK A_ev Ab¨ Kv‡iv g‡a¨ Avgv‡ì
gZev` †nvK, Avgiv Zvi wb›`v KiwQ| Gfv‡e Avgiv G‡K Aci‡K
wQbœwfbœ KiwQ, Avgiv A‡bï aŸs‡mi KviY n‡q ùvwo‡qwQ| bqv
evB‡e‡ji MÖxK †_‡K j¨vwU‡b Abyev` we‡kl K‡i c†UvwbK `k©‡bi
MÖxK kã¸‡jvi †¶‡Î, hv PvP© KZ©…K cweÎ D‡Ï‡k¨ eënvi Kiv
n‡q‡Q, L„óvb a‡g©i inm¨¸‡jv‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q| cweÎ
MÖ‡š’ †gŠwLK fyj¸‡jv j¨vwUb ag©Z‡Z¡ gvivZ¥K iKg åvwš— ev
RwUjZvi m„wó Ki‡e|28
†_ª‡mi (Thrace) GKRb wekc mvwebvm (Sabinus) wbwmqvq
mg‡eZ nIqv mKj wekc‡K AÁ, ¯’‚jeyw× m¤úbœ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ
K‡ib| †mLv‡b †h ag© wek¦v‡mi †NvlYv †Ìqv nq Zv‡K wZwb g~L©
e¨w³‡ì KvR e‡j D‡jL K‡i e‡jb †h G wel‡q Zv‡ì †Kvb
ÁvbB wQj bv| HwZnvwmK mwµUvm (Socritus) Dfq c¶‡K
iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i G‡K A‡bï K_v eyS‡Z bv †c‡i jovBiZ †mbv
`‡ji mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb| W: ó¨vbwj wj‡L‡Qb †h G_vbvwmqvm
e„× eq‡m a‡g©i AvaywbKvq‡b †h AvMÖn †`wL‡q‡Qb Zv wZwb hw`
Zi“Y eq‡m cÖ`k©b Ki‡Zb Zv n‡j nq‡Zv K¨v_wjK PvP© wef³ nZ
bv, eû i³ ¶qI nq‡Zv ev Gov‡bv †hZ| Gfv‡e wbwmqvi mfv
L„óvb m¤úÖ`vq¸‡jvi ga¨Kvi weivU eëavb Kwg‡q Avbvi cwie‡Z©
Zv Av‡iv evwo‡q †Zv‡j| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wZ³Zvi Aemvb †Zv NUjB
bv, eis Zv e„w× †cj| Pv‡P©i †µva Ggb ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡Q †h mKj
hyw³ I KviY ev` w`‡q Zv kw³ cÖ‡qv‡Mi c_ MÖnY K‡i| Gi
cwiYwZ‡Z Avwiqvm‡ì cÖ_g eo ai‡bi i³cvZ ïi“ nq| G cš’vq
c_ (Goths) I jgevW©iv (Lombards) Ôag©vš—wiZÕ nq| µz‡mW
hy‡×i dj wnmv‡e Avk¼vRbK fv‡e cÖvYnvwb NU‡Z _v‡K| BD‡iv‡c
wÎk eQi a‡i Pj‡Z _vKv hy‡× GUv cÖwZwôZ nq †h ïay wÎZ¡ev‡`
wek¦vm ¯’vcbB h‡_ó bq, PvP©‡KI gvb¨ Ki‡Z n‡e| GB ms¯‹vi
PjvKv‡j cwiw¯’wZ wQj GgbB †h jy_v‡ii (Luther) Kg©KvÊ
†gv‡UB hxïi cÖK…Z wk¶vi w`‡K wd‡i hvIqvi j‡¶¨ bq, eis Zv
wbQK GK ¶gZvi jovB e‡jB cÖgvwYZ nq|
325 L„. AeëwnZ ciB †h me NUbv N‡UwQj, Zvi g‡a¨
Ab¨Zg wQj wekc Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii ci‡jvKMgb| wZwb 328 L„.
ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib| Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi wekc wbe©vPb wb‡q †Mvj‡hvM
†`Lv †`q| Avwiqvmcš’x I †g‡jwUqvb cš’xiv cÖej cÖwZ‡iva M‡o
†Zv‡j| wKš‘ G_vbvwmqvm wekc c‡o cÖv_©x wn‡m‡e †NvwlZ, wbe©vwPZ
I Awfwl³ nb| Zvi wbe©vPb wQj weZwK©Z| hviv Zvi wbe©vwPZ
nIqvi we‡ivwaZv K‡iwQj Zviv Zvi wei“‡× wbcxob, ivR‰bwZK
lohš¿ GgbwK †fvRevwR cÖ`k©‡biI Awf‡hvM Av‡b|
Gw`‡K mgªvU KbóvbUvB‡bi ìev‡i Zvi Ck¦i‡cÖgx †evb
KbóvbwUbv L„óvb‡ì nZ¨vKv‡Êi we‡ivwaZv Ae¨vnZ †i‡LwQ‡jb|
wZwb †h Avwiqvm‡KB mZ¨ L„óvb a‡g©i cÖwZwbwa g‡b K‡ib †m K_v
KL‡bvB †Mvcb Kivi †Póv K‡ibwb| wZwb wb‡Kv‡gwWqvi
BD‡mweqv‡mi cÖwZ mgªv‡Ui AvPi‡YiI we‡ivwaZv K‡ib|
KbóvbUvBb Zv‡K wbe©vmb w`‡qwQ‡jb| `xN©w`b ci KbóvbwUbv
mdj nb Ges BD‡mweqvm‡K †`‡k †divi AbygwZ †Ìqv nq|
G_vwbqv‡mi R‡b¨ GwU wQj GK gvivZ¥K AvNvZ| mgªvU ax‡i ax‡i
Avwiqv‡mi cÖwZ Suz‡K co‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| hLb wZwb ïb‡jb †h,
Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi wekc c‡` G_vbvwmqv‡mi wbe©vPb wb‡q Awf‡hvM
DÌvwcZ n‡q‡Q, ZLwb wZwb bqv wekc‡K ivRavbx‡Z Zje K‡ib|
wKš‘ G_vbvwmqvm ¶gv cÖv_©bv Ki‡jb| wZwb ivRavbx
Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡j †M‡jb bv| 335 L„. KbóvbUvB‡bi ivR‡Z¡i wÎk
eQi c~wZ© Dcj‡¶ Uvqvi (Tyre) bMix‡Z GK mfv AbywôZ nq|
G_vbvwmqvm Zv‡Z †hvM w`‡Z eva¨ nb| Zvi wei“‡× ivRKxq
ˆ¯îvPv‡ii Awf‡hvM Avbv nq| cwiw¯’wZ Zvi GgbB cÖwZK‚j wQj †h
wZwb mfvi wm×v‡š—i A‡c¶v bv K‡iB mfv¯’j Z¨vM K‡ib| Zvi
wb›`v Kiv nq| wekcMY †Ri“hv‡j‡g mg‡eZ nb Ges Zvi wb›`vi
wel‡q wbwðZ nb| Avwiqvm‡K Pv‡P© wdwi‡q Avbv nq Ges wZwb
ag©xq cÖv_©bv mfv Abyôv‡bi AbygwZ jvf K‡ib|
Avwiqvm I Zvi eÜz BD‡Rvqvm‡K mgªvU Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡j
Avgš¿Y Rvbvb| Avwiqvm I mgªv‡Ui g‡a¨ kvwš— cÖwZôv m¤úbœ nj|
Gici wekcMY cybivq AvbyôvwbKfv‡e G_vbvwmqv‡mi wb›`v K‡ib|
†ec‡ivqv G_vbvwmqvm wms‡ni ¸nvi g‡a¨B Zvi m¤§yLxb nIqvi
wm×vš— MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡j P‡j Av‡mb| mgªv‡Ui
ìev‡i Dcw¯’Z nIqvi R‡b¨ Zv‡K AbygwZ †Ìqv nj| G mgq
wb‡Kv‡gwWqvi BD‡mweqvm †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| wZwb fvjfv‡eB
Rvb‡Zb †h wbwmqvi mfvi wm×vš— ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Y Avwiqv‡mi
wec‡¶ †M‡Q wZwb Dcjwä Ki‡jb †h ag©xq weZK© mgªvU †Kvbfv‡eB
eyS‡Z cvi‡eb bv| myZivs †m c‡_ bv wM‡q wZwb ivRavbx‡Z km¨
mieiv‡n evav m„wói R‡b¨ G_vbvwmqvm‡K Awfhy³ Ki‡jb| GB
Awfbe Awf‡hv‡M G_vbvwmqvm we¯§q weg~p n‡q c‡ob| wZwb
Dcjwä Ki‡jb †h wZwb †h †Ljvq `¶ †m †Ljv `¶Zvi mv‡_
†Lj‡Z cvivi gZ Ab¨ †jvKI Av‡Q| Awf‡hvM mn‡RB cÖgvwYZ nq
Ges G_vbvwmqvm‡K Mj (Gaul) cÖ‡`‡ki Uªvqv‡i (Trier) †cÖiY
Kiv nq| Avwiqvm Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡ji wekc wbhy³ nb| wKš‘ Gi
wKQyw`b ciB 336 L„. wel cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j wZwb gviv hvb| PvP© G‡K
A‡jŠwKK NUbv e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡jI mgªvU Zv nZ¨vKvÊ e‡j
m‡›`n Ki‡jb| wZwb G g„Zzï NUbv Z`‡š— GKwU Kwgkb MVb
K‡ib| inm¨RbK cš’vq Z`š— KvR P‡j| G_vbvwmqvm G
nZ¨vKv‡Êi R‡b¨ `vqx e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq| d‡j Avwiqvm‡K nZ¨vi
R‡b¨ G_vbvwmqvm‡K †`vlx mve¨¯— Kiv nq|
Avwiqv‡mi g„Zzï NUbvq mgªvU cÖPÊfv‡e Av‡jvwoZ n‡qwQ‡jb|
Dciš‘ †ev‡bi Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q wZwb L„óvbag© MÖnY K‡ib|
wb‡Kv‡gwWqvi BD‡mweqvm Zv‡K `xw¶Z K‡ib| Gi gvÎ GK eQi
ci 337 L„. mgªvU ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib| Gfv‡e whwb Zvi ivR‡Z¡i
AwaKvsk mgq GKZ¡ev‡ì mg_©K‡ì Dci wbcxob Pvwj‡qwQ‡jb,
wZwb Rxe‡bi †kl cÖv‡š— G‡m Zvi nv‡Z hviv wbnZ n‡qwQj Zv‡ìB
ag© MÖnY K‡i ci‡jv‡K Mgb Ki‡jb|
L„óa‡g©i BwZnv‡m Avwiqvm GK ¸i“Z¡cY~ © f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib|
KbóvbUvB‡bi L„óvb ag© MÖn‡Yi wcQ‡b wZwb †h eo f~wgKv cvjb
K‡ib ïay ZvB bq, hviv hxïi cÖ`wk©Z mZ¨ c_ †LvjvLywj Abymi‡Y
m‡Pó wQj wZwb Zv‡ìI cÖwZwbwa wQ‡jb| hLb hxïi wk¶v
gvivZ¥Kfv‡e wejywßi w`‡K GwM‡q P‡jwQj, hLb cÖZ¨v‡`k cÖvß
gvbyl wn‡m‡e hxïi ¯§„wZ Svcmv n‡q DVwQj, Avwiqvm ZLb AUj
cvnv‡oi `„pZv wb‡q Zvi †gvKv‡ejv K‡ib Ges †Kvb NUbvB Zv‡K
Zvi f~wgKv †_‡K GK PzjI Ujv‡Z cv‡iwb|
wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb Ck¦i gvÎ GKRbB Ges G wek¦vm wQj
LyeB mnR, mij| wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h Ck¦i Kv‡iv m„ó bb, wZwb
wPiš—b, Zuvi †Kvb ïi“ †bB, wZwb m‡e©vËg, wZwb me©kw³gvb, wZwb
AcwieZ©bxq, Zuvi †Kvb weK…wZ †bB Ges Zuvi mËv cÖwZwU m„ó cÖvYxi
ewn©gLy x `„wó †_‡K GK wPiš—b in‡mï g‡a¨ XvKv| wZwb Ck¦‡ii
cÖwZ gvbweKZ¡ Av‡iv‡ci †h †Kvb aviYvi we‡ivax wQ‡jb|
Avwiqvm my®úófv‡e hxïi wk¶v Abymi‡Yi cÖwZ ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc
K‡iwQ‡jb| Ck¦‡ii c„_K mËv I Zuvi GK‡Z¡i mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©
cÖwZwU ¸‡Yi cÖKvk Zvi g‡a¨ NUzK, GUvB wZwb Kvqg‡bvev‡K¨
PvB‡Zb| wKš‘ eû- Ck¦‡ii †Kvb cÖKvi aviYvi mv‡_ wZwb Av‡cvk
K‡ibwb| Avi G Kvi‡YB wZwb hxï‡K Ck¦i wn‡m‡e MÖnYKvix †h
†Kvb gZev`‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Z eva¨ wQ‡jb| †h‡nZz Ck¦‡ii
Ab¨Zg cÖavb êwkó¨ †h wZwb Kv‡iv Øviv KL‡bvB m„ó bb, myZivs
†Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB †Kvb aviYvqB Ck¦‡ii †Kvb mš—vb _vK‡Z cv‡i
bv|
wZwb hyw³ †`wL‡q e‡jb, Ck¦‡ii Dci hw` mš—vb Rb¥`v‡bi
Kvh© Av‡ivc Kiv nq Zvn‡j Zv Zvi GKZ¡‡K aŸsm K‡i| G Qvov
Zv Ck¦‡ii Dci kvixwiK Aw¯—Z¡ I Av‡eMI Av‡ivc K‡i hv ïay
gvby‡li †¶‡ÎB Av‡ivc‡hvM¨| Dciš‘ Zv Ck¦‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi
K_vI eySvq hv Zvi †bB| myZivs †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB Ck¦‡ii Dci
Rb¥`v‡bi Kvh© Av‡ivc Kiv m¤¢e bq|
Avwiqvm Av‡iv e‡jb †h †h‡nZz hxï wQ‡jb mxgve× †m Kvi‡Y
wZwb Ck¦i bb, Ab¨wKQy, KviY Ck¦i wPiš—b| Ggb GKwU mgq wQj
hLb hxïi Aw¯—Z¡ wQj bv, hv †_‡K cybivq cÖZxqgvb nq †h hxï
Ck¦i Qvov Ab¨wKQy| hxï Ck¦‡ii mËv bb, wZwb Ck¦‡ii GK m„wó,
Aek¨B Ab¨vb¨ m„ó gvby‡li gZB, Z‡e bex nIqvi Kvi‡Y gvbyl‡ì
g‡a¨ wbwðZfv‡e Abb¨| Hk¦wiK mËvi Askx`vi wZwb bb, wZwb
cwiPvwjZ n‡Zb Hkx wb‡`©‡k| wZwb Aek¨B Ab¨vb¨ m„wói gZ
Ck¦‡ii Ki“Yv I mvnv‡hï Dci wbf©ikxj wQ‡jb, c¶vš—‡i Ck¦i
†Kvb wKQyi DciB wbf©ikxj bb| mKj gvby‡li gZ ZviI wQj
¯^vaxb B”Qv I ¯^fve hv Zv‡K Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q m‡š—vlRbK ev Am‡š—
vlRbK Kg© m¤úv`‡b ¶gZv w`‡qwQj| hwÌ Ck¦i Amš‘ó nb Ggb
KvR Kivi ¶gZv hxïi wQj, wKš‘ Zvi ˆbwZK ï×ZvB Zv‡K
†miKg wKQy Kiv †_‡K weiZ †i‡LwQj|
Avwiqv‡mi ag© wek¦v‡mi GB †gŠwjK gZev`¸‡jv GLb ch©š—
wU‡K Av‡Q Ges eû GKZ¡ev`x L„óv‡bi ag© wek¦v‡mi Zv g~j wfwË|
337 L„. mgªvU KbóvbUvB‡bi g„Zzï ci ci cieZ©x mgªvU
KbóvbwUqvmI Avwiqv‡mi ag©gZ MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb Ges GKZ¡ev‡`
wek¦vmB †Muvov L„óvb ag© wn‡m‡e miKvixfv‡e M„nxZ nIqv Ae¨vnZ
wQj| 341 L„. Gw›UI‡K AbywôZ GK m‡¤§j‡b GKZ¡ev`B L„óvb
a‡g©i cÖK…Z wfwË wn‡m‡e M„nxZ nq| 351 L„. wmiwgqv‡g AbywôZ
Av‡iKwU m‡¤§j‡b ZrKvjxb mgªv‡Ui Dcw¯’wZ‡Z cybivq c~‡e©i
wm×vš—‡KB ¯^xKvi K‡i †bqv nq| Gfv‡e Avwiqvm †h wk¶v aviY
K‡iwQ‡jb ZvB L„óvb mgv‡Ri msL¨vMwiô AskMÖnY K‡i| mvay
†R‡ivg 359 L„. wj‡LwQ‡jb †h, Òmviv wek¦B wb‡R‡K Avwiqv‡mi
ag©g‡Zi Abymvix wn‡m‡e †`L‡Z †c‡q †e`bvZ© I wew¯§Z
n‡qwQj|29 Gi cieZ©x eQi¸‡jv‡Z wÎZ¡ev`x‡ì msL¨v wKQyUv e„w×
cvq, wKš‘ 381 L„. KbóvbwU‡bvc‡j mgªv‡Ui miKvix ag© wn‡m‡e
Avwiqv‡mi ag©g‡Zi K_vB †NvlYv Kiv nq| hv †nvK, cvðv‡Z¨
L„óa‡g©i wfwË wn‡m‡e wÎZ¡ev` ax‡i ax‡i M„nxZ n‡Z _v‡K| wewfbœ
ÔmfviÕ êV‡Ki welq I M„nxZ ÔmiKvixÕ cÖ¯—vegvjv †_‡K †`Lv hvq
†h cvðv‡Zï †Muvov L„óvb mgvR hxïi wk¶v †_‡K KZLvwb `~‡i
m‡i wM‡qwQj| hxï wb‡R KL‡bvB G ai‡bi ms¯’v MVb K‡ibwb hv
kvmK‡ì ivR- ìevi¸‡jv‡Z mvaviYZ †`Lv †hZ|
387 L„. †R‡ivg Zvi weL¨vZ j¨vwUb evB‡ej (Vulgate
Bible) Abyev‡ì KvR m¤úbœ K‡ib| g~j wneªy †_‡K MÖxK fvlvq †h
me ag©MÖš’ Abyw`Z n‡qwQj, ZviB K‡qKwUi cÖ_g j¨vwUb Abyev`
wQj †R‡iv‡gi evB‡ej| GLb hv Iì †Uóv‡g›U e‡j cwiwPZ,
†mwUI Gi Aš—f©y³ wQj| Ab¨vb¨ fvlvq †h me evB‡ej Abyev` Kiv
nq, †R‡iv‡gi evB‡ej †m¸‡jvi wfwË wn‡m‡e cwiYZ nq| GB
evB‡e‡jB †ivgvb K¨v_wjK Ges c‡i †cÖv‡Uó¨v›U PvP© KZ©…K miKvix
ag©MÖš’ wn‡m‡e M„nxZ nq| Avi hLb Zv cÖwZwôZ n‡q †Mj ZLb
†R‡iv‡gi msKj‡b wQj bv Ggb mKj Mm‡cj I cweÎ MÖš’ G `yÕwU
PvP© KZ©…K Av‡M ev c‡i cÖvq m¤ú~Y© aŸsm K‡i †djv nq| Gfv‡e
cÖK…Z hxïi mv‡_ mKj ms‡hvM ax‡i ax‡i wejyß nIqv Ae¨vnZ
_v‡K|
cieZ©x ¸i“Z¡cY~ © e¨w³ n‡jb †cvc Abvwiqvm (Honorius)
gnvbex gynv¤§` m. Gi mgmvgwqK G e¨w³wU Bmjv‡gi DÌv‡bi
†Rvqvi cÖZ¨¶ K‡ib hvi mv‡_ Avwiqv‡mi ag©g‡Zi wecyj mv`„k¨
wQj| L„óvb‡ì cvi¯úwiK nvbvnvwb Zvi g‡b ZLbI ZiZvRv ¯§„wZ
wn‡m‡e RvMiƒK wPj| wZwb nq‡Zv †f‡ewQ‡jb †h Bmjvg m¤ú‡K©
wZwb hv ï‡b‡Qb Zv L„óvb‡ì ga¨Kvi we‡f` `~i Kivi R‡b¨ cÖ‡qvM
Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wZwb Zvi cÎ¸‡jv‡Z wÎZ¡ev‡ì g‡a¨ ÔGK gbÕ
(One mind)- Gi gZev` mg_©b Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| wZwb
wek„•Ljvc~Y|© hyw³i Dcmsnv‡i wZwb GK Ck¦‡ii Aw¯—‡Z¡ wek¦v‡mi
K_v D‡jL K‡ib|
451 L„. P¨vjwmW‡bi mfv †NvlYv K‡iwQj †h L„‡ói ¯^fve
AwefvR¨| G wm×vš— Abvwiqvm‡K L„‡ói ÔGK gbÕ msµvš— Zvi
g‡Zi e¨vcv‡i DrmvwnZ K‡i †Zv‡j| wZwb hyw³ cÖ`k©b K‡ib †h
L„ó Avw` cv‡ci Awfkvc †_‡K gy³ GKRb gvby‡li iƒc aviY
K‡iwQ‡jb| GB gZ Abyhvqx L„‡ói GKwU gvbweK B”Qv wQj|
Gfv‡e cjxq L„óvba‡g©i g‡a¨B c‡iv¶fv‡e GK Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ
wek¦vm‡K mg_©b Kiv nq| c‡ji D™¢vweZ ag©gZ KZUv †Ru‡K
e‡mwQj I Rb- gvbm‡K weåvš— K‡iwQj, G ai‡bi êcixZ¨ †_‡K
Zvi Avfvm cvIqv hvq| †cvc Abvwiqvm 638 m‡b ci‡jvKMgb
K‡ib| GKB eQi mgªvU †nivwK¬qvm Abvwiqv‡mi ag©gZ‡K miKvix
fv‡e MÖnY K‡ib Ges wZwb GK digvb Rvwi K‡ib GB e‡j †h
Òmgªv‡Ui mKj cÖRv‡KB hxïi GK g‡bi K_v ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z
n‡e|Ó30 638 L„. AbywôZ Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡ji hvRKmfvq
Abvwiqv‡mi ag©gZ‡K Òhxïi wkl¨‡ì cÖPvwiZ wk¶vi mv‡_ cÖK…Z
msMwZc~YÓ© AvL¨vwqZ K‡i mg_©b Rvbv‡bv nq|31 Avwiqv‡mi
gZev` cÖvq Aa© kZK ch©š— †Kvb P¨v‡j‡Äi m¤§yLxb nqwb| 680 L„.
Zvi ci‡jvKMg‡bi 42 eQi ci Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡j GK hvRK mfv
AbywôZ nq Ges G‡Z †cvc Abvwiqvm‡K Awfkvc †Ìqv nq G
Kvi‡Y †h wZwb Òag© we‡ivax wk¶vi Av¸b‡K ïi“‡ZB wbe©vwcZ
Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Qb Ges Ae‡njv cÖ`k©‡bi gva¨‡g Zv‡K Av‡iv we¯—
vi jvf Ki‡Z w`‡q‡QbÓ Ges Zvici ÒcweÎ ag©‡K Kjw¼Z n‡Z
w`‡q‡Qb|Ó32 Pv‡P©i mg_©‡b GKRb †cvc‡K Zvi DËim~wi KZ©…K
wb›`v Kiv †cvcxq BwZnv‡m GK Awfbe NUbv|
Gici cjxq PvP© A_ev †ivgvb K¨v_wjK PvP© Abymvix‡ì msL¨v
e¨vcKfv‡e e„w× I kw³ mÂ‡qi gva¨‡g ¶gZvkvjx n‡q I‡V| Gi
eo KviY wQj †ivgvb mgªvU‡ì mv‡_ Pv‡P©i m¤ú„³Zv| †cvc I
hvR‡Kiv kvmK‡ì mv‡_ hZ †ewk nvZ †gjv‡jb ZZB PvP© I
kvm‡Kiv Awfbœ n‡q DV‡Z _vKj| Aóg kZvãx‡Z †ivgb K¨v_wjK
PvP© †Ri“hv‡jg bq, †ivg‡K mì `dZi K‡i my`„pfv‡e cÖwZôv jvf
K‡i| †ivg bMixi wfZ‡i I evB‡i wecyj cwigvY f~wg I m¤ú`
Pv‡P©i n¯—MZ nq| G m¤ú` mgªvU ÒKbóvbUvB‡bi `vbÓ wn‡m‡e
cwiwPZ wQj|
†ivgvb K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i g‡Zi we‡ivwaZv Kiv wec¾bK wQj|
KviY Pv‡P©i wbR¯^ ¶gZvi cvkvcvwk wQj †mbv evwnbxi mg_©b|
325 m‡bi ci K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i ag©gZ MÖnY bv Kiv 10 jv‡LiI
†ewk L„óvb‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| Kvh©Z GB wQj GK AÜKvi hyM ev
Kv‡jv Aa¨vq| G mgq cÖKv‡k¨ GKZ¡ev‡ì cÖwZ mg_©b cÖKv‡ki
mvnm BD‡iv‡c Lye Kg †jv‡KiB wQj|
K¨v_wjK PvP© hLb ag©xq †¶‡Î wfbœgZ †cvlYKvix‡ì Òag©
we‡ivaxÓ AvL¨v w`‡q Zv‡ì wbg©~j Ki‡Z e¨¯— wQj, ZZw`‡b
gymjgvbiv L„óvb RM‡Z Zv‡ì cwiwPwZ we¯—vi Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj|
DËi Avwd«Kvi cÖvq mKj hxï AbymvixB Bmjvg‡K Zv‡ì cÖfyi
Zid †_‡K cybt evZ©v wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ w`‡qwQj hv mivmwi Zv‡ì
ag©‡K AbymiY I AwZµg K‡i wM‡qwQj| Zviv Bmjvg MÖnY Kij|
d‡j ïay BD‡iv‡cB L„óvb ag© envj iBj|
f¨vwUKv‡bi †bZ…e„›` Aek¨B Bmjvg Ges Avwiqv‡mi cÖPvwiZ
GKZ¡ev‡ì g‡a¨ mv`„k¨ †`L‡Z †c‡qwQ‡jb| Df‡qB wek¦vmx wQj
GK mªóvqÑ Bmjv‡gi fvlvq GK Avj−vn Ges Avwiqv‡mi fvlvq GK
Ck¦‡i| Df‡qi Kv‡QB hxï wQ‡jb GKRb bex| Avwiqv‡mi fvlvq
whwb hxï Bmjv‡gi fvlvq wZwb Cmv Av. Df‡qi Kv‡QB wZwb wQ‡jb
GKRb gvbyl| Bmjvg I Avwiqvm Df‡qB †gix‡K Kzgvix e‡j‡Q
Ges hxïi cweÎZvq Df‡qB wek¦vmx| Dfq a‡g©B cweÎ AvZ¥v‡K
MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Df‡qB hxïi Dci Ck¦iZ¡ Av‡ivc‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb
K‡i‡Q| myZivs Avwiqv‡mi cÖwZ †h N„Yv cjxq PvP© †cvlY KiwQj
GLb Zvi j¶¨ nj gymjgvbiv| Gw`K †_‡K †`L‡j Pv‡P©i BwZnv‡m
µz‡mW¸‡jv †Kvb wew”Qbœ welq wQj bv, eis cjxq PvP© µz‡mW‡K
Avwiqvmcš’x‡ì MYnZ¨vi D‡Ï‡k¨ eënvi K‡i|
G mgqKv‡j PvP© Zvi Af¨š—‡i †h †Kvb we‡ivwaZvB †nvK bv
†Kb, D‡c¶v KiZ bv| Pv‡P©i cÖwZwôZ gZev` †_‡K †h †Kvb
ai‡bi wePz¨wZ ev wfbœgZ Z`š— K‡i †`Lv I Zv wbg©~‡ji R‡b¨
ÔZ`š— I †RivÕ bv‡g GKwU ms¯’v (Inquisition) cÖwZôv Kiv nq|
G ms¯’v KZ©…K KZ †jvK‡K †h nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQj Zvi cÖK…Z msL¨v
Rvbv hvq bv| Z‡e wbwðZfv‡e wecyj msL¨K †jvK Zv‡ì wkKvi
n‡q wbg©~j n‡qwQj|
ms¯‹v‡ii (Reformation) NUbvewj Ges cvkvcvwk
†cÖv‡Uó¨v›U Pv‡P©i cÖwZôvi Kvi‡Y wÎZ¡ev` Av‡iv `„p n‡q cÖwZwôZ
nq hwÌ ÒKbóvbUvB‡bi `vbÓ kxl©K `wj‡ji êaZv wb‡q
†cÖv‡Uó¨v›U I †ivgvb K¨v_wjK‡ì g‡a¨ Zxeª we‡ivwaZv wQj| wKQy
cwÊZ G `wjjwU Nwbôfv‡e ch©‡e¶Y I cix¶v K‡ib Ges GwU
Rvj wQj e‡j †`L‡Z cvb| ZLb †_‡K f¨vwUKvb G `wjj m¤ú‡K©
`‡¤¢vw³ eÜ K‡i| †cÖv‡Uó¨v›U I K¨v_wjK‡ì g‡a¨ weL¨vZ 30
eQ‡ii hy× (Thirty Year War) †_‡K cÖgvwYZ nq †h hxïi
cÖK…Z wk¶vi cÖwZôv Kiv G hy‡×i j¶¨ wQj bv| Avwiqv‡mi
AbymvixMY I c‡i gymjgvb‡ì cÖwZ cjxq Pv‡P©i AvMÖvmx bxwZ
†_‡K my¯úófv‡e cÖZxqgvb nq †h PvP© hv †P‡qwQj Zv nj ¶gZv|
GB wZbwU NUbvi meKwU‡ZB PvP© cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e Zvi wb‡Ri Aw¯—
Z¡ I ¶gZv ivLvi R‡b¨B jovB K‡i‡Q, hxïi wk¶vi we¯—vi NUv‡Z
bq|
Bmjv‡gi we¯—vi Ae¨vnZ _vKvi †cÖw¶‡Z cÖvP¨ I cvðvZ¨ †_‡K
gymjgvb‡ì‡K Avµg‡Yi GK gnv cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv nq| G
cwiKíbvq Zviv fvi‡Zi GKRb wKse`wš—i L„óvb ivRvi evwnbxi
mv‡_ †hvM †Ìqvi Ges Zvi mvnv‡h¨ mviv wek¦ Rq Kivi Avkv
K‡iwQj| fvi‡Z †cuŠQvi cÖ‡Póvq Kj¤^vm Av‡gwiKv Avwe®‹vi K‡ib
Ges fv‡¯‹vWvMvgv fvi‡Z hvIqvi bZzb c_ Luy‡R cvb| G `yÕwU
Avwe®‹viB A_©‰bwZK w`K w`‡q jvfRbK e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq| L„óvbiv
fvi‡Zi wKse`wš—i ivRv‡K Avwe®‹vi K‡iwb ev Zviv Bmjvg‡KI
wbg©~j Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| wKš‘ Zviv we‡k¦i AwaKvsk ¯’v‡b Dcwb‡ek
cÖwZôv Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj Ges djkÖ“wZ‡Z Zv‡ì †bZ…e„›` I ewYKiv
AZ¨š— m¤ú`kvjx n‡q I‡V|
†ivgvb K¨v_wjK I †cÖv‡U÷v›U Pv‡P©i cÖPÊ cÖPÊ ¶gZv m‡Ë¡I
Zviv GKZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm‡K wbg©~j Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q| G‡K
Avwiqvmev` A_ev †mvwKqvbev` (Sociamsim) A_ev GKZ¡ev`
(Unitariansim) hvB ejv †nvKbv †Kb, L„óvb‡ì mKj `gb-
wbcxo‡bi g‡aÏ AvR ch©š— wU‡K Av‡Q| cieZ©x Aa¨v‡q ewY©Z
¯úófvlx GKZ¡ev`x‡ì msw¶ß Rxeb cwiwPwZ †_‡K Zvi cÖgvY
wgj‡e|
mßg Aa¨vq
L„óa‡g©i cieZ©x GKZ¡ev`xMY
gvB‡Kj mvi‡fUvm (Michael Servetus) 1511-1553 L„.
1511 mv‡j †¯ú‡bi wfjvey‡qfvq gvB‡Kj mvi‡fUvm Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv wQ‡jb ¯’vbxq GKRb wePviK| wZwb Ggb GK
mg‡q evm Ki‡Zb hLb cÖwZwôZ wMR©vq Am‡š—vl weivR KiwQj
Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡KB L„óvb ag© m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ KiwQj| 1517 mv‡j
mvi‡fUvm hLb 6 eQ‡ii evjK, ZLb gvwU©b jy_vi †ivgvb K¨v_wjK
Pv‡P©i wei“‡× we‡`ªvn †NvlYv K‡ib| Gi dj nj GB †h, wZwb
ewn®‹…Z n‡jb Ges bqv ms¯‹viK…Z †cÖv‡Uóv›U a‡g©i GKRb †bZvq
cwiYZ n‡jb| G Av‡›`vjb, hv AvR ms¯‹vi mvab
(Reformation) bv‡g cwiwPwZ, Zv `vevb‡ji gZ Qwo‡q c‡o|
hviv gvwU©b jy_v‡ii (Martin Luther) mv‡_ GKgZ wQj bv ZvivI
G Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM w`‡Z eva¨ nq| G msNv‡Zi cvkvcvwk †¯ú‡b
Av‡iKwU NUbv N‡U| AZx‡Z †¯ú‡bi gymjgvb I L„óvb‡ì g‡a¨
PgrKvi m¤úK© _vK‡jI cÖv‡P¨ µz‡m‡Wi Kvi‡Y L„óvb‡ì †µv‡ai
wkKv‡i cwiYZ nq †¯ú‡bi gymjgvbiv| †¯úbxq ag©wePvi mfv
(Spanish Inquisition) wb‡`©k Rvwi K‡i †h hviv L„óvb bq
Zv‡ì †ivgvb K¨v_wjK a‡g© `xw¶Z n‡Z n‡e| Pv‡P©i ixwZ-bxwZ
Abymi‡Y wkw_jZvi cwiYwZ ùvovj nq g„Zz¨ bv nq K‡Vvi kvw¯—|
Av‡iv eo n‡q Ges AwaK Rvbvi ci Zi“Y mvi‡fUvm GZ
i³cv‡Z AvZw¼Z n‡q DV‡jb| †`‡k wecyj msL¨K gymjgvb I
Bqvû`x wQj| cÖKv‡k¨ †ivgb K¨v_wjK ag© MÖnY Ges wÎZ¡ev‡ì
digyjvi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvkB wQj Zievwii AvNvZ †_‡K Zv‡ì
Rxeb i¶vi GKgvÎ Dcvq| Av‡iv Mfxifv‡e evB‡ej Aa¨qb I
cix¶vi ci mwe¯§‡q wZwb †`L‡Z †c‡jb †h evB‡e‡ji wk¶vi
Ask wn‡m‡e †Kv_vI wÎZ¡ev` †bB| wZwb Av‡iv Avwe®‹vi Ki‡jb †h
PvP© hv wk¶v w`‡”Q evB‡ej me †¶‡Î Zv mg_©b K‡i bv| Zvi eqm
hLb 20 eQi ZLb mvi‡fUvm wm×vš— †bb †h wZwb hv Luy‡R
†c‡q‡Qb wek¦‡K †m mZ¨ Rvbv‡eb| wZwb c‡i Av‡iv Avwe®‹vi K‡ib
†h L„óvbiv hw` †g‡b †bq †h Ck¦i gvÎ GKRbB, Zvn‡j L„óvb I
gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ we‡iv‡ai Aemvb n‡e Ges Dfq m¤úÖ`vq GK‡Î
kvwš—‡Z evm Ki‡Z cvi‡e| GB ms‡e`bkxj AbwfÁ Zi“Y Zvi
AbymwÜrmy gb wb‡q Dcjwä Ki‡jb †h L„óvb- gymjgvb msNv‡Zi
Aemv‡bi j¶¨ mn‡RB AwR©Z nIqv m¤¢e hw` ms¯‹v‡i †bZv‡ì
mvnvh¨ cvIqv hvq| KviY Zviv BwZg‡a¨B K¨v_wjK PvP© †_‡K
wew”Qbœ n‡q c‡owQ‡jb| Zuvi wek¦vm R‡b¥wQj †h bqv †cÖv‡Uóv›U
PvP©¸‡jv GKZ¡ev`x n‡e Ges Zv‡ì mvnv‡h¨ L„óvb, Bqvû`x I
gymjgvbiv GK‡Î kvwš—‡Z evm Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e| gvbe cwiev‡ii
ÒwcZvÓ GK Ck¦‡ii wfwË‡Z GKwU mnbkxj wek¦ GKwU m¤¢ve¨ welq
n‡q DV‡e|
ms¯‹vi †bZv‡ì gb I gvbm ZLbI †h †mB GKB wg_¨v
Awawe`¨vi duv‡` AvUKv c‡o Av‡Q, Zv Dcjwä Kivi †¶‡Î
mvi‡fUvm Lye †ewk Zi“b wQ‡jb| wZwb †`L‡jb †h Ck¦‡ii GK‡Z¡
Zuvi wek¦v‡mi e¨vcv‡i jy_vi I K¨vjwf‡bi †KvbB m¤úK© †bB|
ms¯‹vi Av‡›`vjb my`~i cÖmvix nIqvi e¨vcv‡i Zuviv kw¼Z wQ‡jb|
K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i †ek wKQy Abyôvb wejyß Kiv nq, wKš‘ Zuviv hxïi
Avmj wk¶vi cybivwe®‹v‡i fxZ wQ‡jb| KviY Zv Ki‡j Zuv‡ì
R‡b¨ Av‡iv mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡Z cviZ Ges Zv‡ì wbR¯^ ¶gZv I
L¨vwZ wejyß n‡Z cviZ| m¤¢eZ Zviv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb †h
†ivgvb- K¨v_wjK‡ì AvPvi- AvPiY whïwLª‡÷i RxebvPviY †_‡K
KZ `~‡i m‡i wM‡qwQj| Zviv ms¯‹viK…Z ag©‡K mbvZb K¨v_wjK
a‡g©i KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ a‡i ivL‡Z AvcÖvY †Póv K‡ib| Zv‡ì weev`
wQj †iv‡gi ag©Z‡Ë¡i mv‡_ bq, Zvi ms¯’v¸‡jvi mv‡_ Ges
wbw`©ófv‡e †K PvP©‡K kvmb Ki‡e, †m e¨vcv‡i| mvi‡fUv‡mi wek¦vm
G `yÕwU ms¯’vi cÖwZ ûgwK n‡q D‡VwQj| Avi †m Kvi‡YB
ms¯‹viev`x‡ì cÖwZ Zuvi Av‡e`b Zv‡ì wbR¯^ Awfbœ ¯^v_©i¶vi
¯^v‡_© K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i mv‡_ Zv‡ì †hvM`v‡bi KviY n‡q ùvovq|
Gi wKQyB Zi“Y mvi‡fUv‡mi c~Y© †MvP‡i Av‡mwb|
ms¯‹vi †bZv‡ì e¨vcv‡i wZwb LyeB Avkvev`x wQ‡jb| Zuvi
wek¦vm wQj †h †ivgvb K¨v_wjKev` whïwLª‡ói ag© bq| Zuvi Aa¨qb
wÎZ¡ev‡` Zuvi wek¦vm P~Y© weP~Y© K‡i w`‡qwQj| Gi dj n‡qwQj GB
†h wZwb Ck¦i GK Ges hxï Zuvi GKRb bex, G wek¦v‡m wek¦vmx n‡q
D‡VwQ‡jb| †cvc KZ©…K †¯ú‡bi ivRv cÂg Pvj©‡mi Awf‡lK
Drm‡e †hvM`vb Kivi NUbv cÖZ¨¶ K‡i Zuvi wek¦vm Av‡iv `„p nq|
1527 L„. Pvj©m †ivg AvµgY I AwaKvi K‡ib| cÖ_‡g wZwb
†cvc‡K e›`x K‡ib| wKš‘ ZviciB wZwb †cvc‡K GKRb wgÎ K‡i
†Zvjvi `ª“Z cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Dcjwä K‡ib| wZwb †hgbwU †P‡qwQ‡jb,
e›`x Ae¯’vq †cv‡ci c‡¶ RbMY‡K wb‡Ri AbyK‚‡j cÖfvweZ Kiv
m¤¢e wQj bv| †m Kvi‡Y wZwb †cvc‡K wKQyUv ¯^vaxbZv wdwi‡q
w`‡jb| wZwb †cv‡ci Øviv Awfwl³ nIqvi wm×vš— wb‡jb| mZ¨
ej‡Z wK, Gi cÖ‡qvRb wQj bv| GUv wQj mvgvwRK weevn Abyôv‡bi
ci Avevi wMR©vq wM‡q weevn Kivi gZ| ivRvi c~e©m~wiiv G cÖ_v
†KD cvjb K‡i‡Qb, †KD K‡ibwb| wKš‘ cÂvk Pvj©‡mi g‡b nj †h
wZwb GLb h‡_ó mw³kvjx Ges †cvc h‡_ó `ye©j| myZivs wm×vš—
Abyhvqx Awf‡lK Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv nj| wKš‘ Zv †iv‡g
AbywôZ nj bv| mvavi‡Yi wek¦vm wQj †cvc †hLv‡b †ivgI †mLv‡b|
ivRv Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Ki‡jb †ev‡jvbv (Bologna)- †Z|
mvi‡fUvm †mB RuvKRgKc~Y© Abyôvb cÖZ¨¶ Ki‡jb| K¨v_wjK
Pv‡P©i wei“‡× Zuvi gb N„Yvq I weZ…òvq f‡i I‡V| G NUbv eY©bv
K‡i wZwb wj‡L‡Qb :
Òwb‡Ri †Pv‡L Avwg †`Ljvg ivRcyÎ‡ì Kuv‡a †cv‡ci
RuvKRgKc~Y© †kvfvhvÎv| µzk wP‡nèi gZ Zvi nvZ `yÕwU
AvovAvwo ¯’vwcZ| Db¥y³ iv¯—vq iv¯—vq f³e„›` Ggbfv‡e
bZRvby n‡q Zuvi cÖwZ kÖ×v wb‡e`b KiwQj †h hviv Zuvi cv‡qi
RyZv Pz¤^b Ki‡Z m¶g n‡”Q Zviv Aewkó‡ì †P‡q wb‡R‡ì
fvMëvb g‡b Ki‡Q Ges †NvlYv Ki‡Q †h Zv‡ì eû gb¯‹vgB
c~Y© i‡q‡Q Ges Gevi eû eQ‡ii R‡b¨ Zv‡ì bviKxq hš¿Yvi
Dckg NU‡e| nvq, BZiZg cÖvYx, eviv½Yvi †P‡qI wbj©¾!1
GgZve¯’vq ms¯‹v‡ii †bZviv mvi‡fUv‡mi Avkv¯’j n‡q D‡Vb|
mvi‡fUvm wbwðZ wQ‡jb †h wZwb hw` wÎZ¡ev‡ì åvwš— m¤ú‡K©
Zv‡ì eySv‡Z cv‡ib Zvn‡j Zuviv H gZev‡` wek¦vm nviv‡eb Ges
Zv Z¨vM Ki‡eb| G fyj aviYvi gvïj Zv‡K w`‡Z nq Rxeb w`‡q|
wZwb †¯úb Z¨vM K‡ib Ges Zzjy‡R (Toulouse) emevm Ki‡Z
ïi“ K‡ib| GLv‡bB wZwb wPwKrmv kv¯¿ Aa¨qb K‡ib Ges 1534
L„. Wv³vwi wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| cieZ©x eQi¸‡jv‡Z wZwb GKRb
Kg©Rxex wPwKrm‡K cwiYZ nb| wKš‘ G m¤ú~Y© mgq cÖK…Z L„óvb ag©
cÖwZôvi w`‡KB Zvi AvMÖn wbe× wQj| †Kvb ¯’v‡b `xN©w`b _vKv Zuvi
¯^vfv‡e¨ wQj bv| wZwb `~i- `~ivš— Ny‡i †mme gy³gbv †jvK‡ì Luy‡R
wdi‡Zb hviv hxï cÖPvwiZ cÖK…Z L„ó a‡g©i K_v ïb‡e|
wZwb ms¯‹viev`x‡ì weL¨vZ †bZv I‡qK‡jvgcvwWqv‡mi
(Oeclompadius) mv‡_ mv¶v‡Zi R‡b¨ evmj (Basle) Mgb
K‡ib| Zuvi mv‡_ mvi‡fUv‡mi †ek K‡qKevi êVK nq| Zuv‡ì
Av‡jvPbv cÖavbZ L„ó a‡g©i `yÕwU iƒ‡ci e¨vcv‡iB †K›`ªxf~Z wQj|
wek¦ m„wói Av‡MB whïwLª‡÷i Aw¯—Z¡ wQj, mvi‡fUvm G wek¦vm ev
aviYv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| wZwb hyw³ †`Lvb †h Bqvû`x bexiv me©`vB
ÒCk¦‡ii cyÎÓ m¤ú‡K© K_v ejvi mgq fwel¨rKvj eënvi
K‡i‡Qb| hv †nvK, wZwb †`L‡Z †c‡jb †h Zuvi gZ myBRvij¨v‡Êi
†cÖv‡Uóv›U‡ì Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| wZwb 1530 L„. evmj Z¨vM
K‡ib| GUv wQj Zuvi R‡b¨ GK weivU AvNvZ| KiY Zuvi Avkv wQj
d«v‡Ýi K¨v_wjKiv Zuvi K_v bv ïb‡jI †cÖv‡Uóv›Uiv hxï I Zuvi
wk¶v m¤ú‡K© Zuvi e³e¨ mnvbyf~wZi mv‡_ ïb‡e| wZwb óªvmeyM©
(Strassbourg) Mgb Ki‡jb| †`L‡jb, †mLv‡b RxweKv AR©‡bi
†Kvb c_ †bB| Rvg©vb fvlv bv Rvbvi Kvi‡Y wZwb Zvi wPwKrmvwe`¨v
Kv‡R jvMv‡Z e¨_© nb| eva¨ n‡q Zuv‡K wjqu (Lyons) P‡j †h‡Z
nq| mvi‡fUvm †¯úb †_‡K †divi ci m¤ú~Y© mgqKvj a‡i
K¨vjwf‡bi (Calvin) mv‡_ `xN© †hvMv‡hvM eRvq iv‡Lb| wKš‘ Zuvi
KvQ †_‡K wZwb AbyK‚j mvov cvbwb| K¨vjwfb wb‡R hxï L„‡ói
wk¶v m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c †g‡b Pjvi †Póv Ki‡Z AvMÖnx wQ‡jb bv, eis wZwb
ms¯‹vi Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZv wn‡m‡e _vK‡Z AvMÖnx wQ‡jb|
e¨w³MZ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g RbmvaviY‡K cÖfvweZ Kivi †Póv
hLb e¨_© nj, ZLb mvi‡fUvm Òw` Giim Ae wUªwbwUÓ (The
Errors of Trinity) MÖš’ iPbv I gy`Yª K‡i Zvi gZ cÖKvk
Ki‡jb| 1531 L„. G MÖš’wU cÖKvwkZ nq| G eQiB ÒUz WvqvjMm
Ab wUªwbwUÓ (Two Dialogues on Trinity) bv‡g wZwb Av‡iKwU
MÖš’ cÖKvk K‡ib| G `yÕwU MÖš’ mviv BD‡iv‡c So †Zv‡j|
¯§iYKv‡ji g‡a¨ GiKg MÖš’ iPbvi `ytmvnm Avi †KD K‡iwb| dj
nj GB †h PvP© n‡b¨ n‡q GK ¯’vb †_‡K Av‡iK ¯’v‡b mvi‡fUvm‡K
Luy‡R †eov‡Z ïi“ Kij| mvi‡fUvm eva¨ n‡q Zuvi wb‡Ri bvg
cwieZ©b Ki‡jb, Z‡e gZ-†K bq| 1532 L„. †_‡K g„Zz¨ ch©š— wZwb
QÙbv‡g †eu‡P wQ‡jb| ZLbI K¨vjwf‡bi cÖwZ mvi‡fUv‡mi GKwU
wkïm~jf wek¦vm eRvq wQj| A_P K¨vjwfb mvi‡fUv‡mi MÖš’ cv‡Vi
ci Zuvi cÖwZ Mfxifv‡e weZ…òv n‡q D‡Vb| Zuvi Kv‡Q mvi‡fUvm
wQ‡jb GK KíbvcÖeY Zi“Y hyeK †h wKbv Zvi gZ †jvK‡KI
ag©ZË¡ †kLv‡bvi `ytmvnm †`wL‡qwQj|
wKš‘ mvi‡fUvm Zuvi Kv‡Q wPwVcÎ †jLv Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb|
mvi‡fUvm Zuvi gZ †g‡b wb‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb GUv †`Lvi ci G
†bZvi †µva Av‡iv e„w× cvq| Ab¨w`‡K †cÖv‡UóvÈ Av‡›`vj‡bi
†bZv‡ì g‡a¨ Avk¼v †`Lv w`j †h GB Zi“Y hye‡Ki g‡Zi K_v
hw` Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ RvbvRvwb n‡q hvq Zvn‡j Zv‡ì ag©xq
Av‡›`vjb wech©‡qi m¤§yLxb n‡e| Zv‡ì Av‡iv fq wQj †h
K¨v_wjK L„óvb ag© †_‡K †cÖv‡UóvÈ ag© hw` Lye †ewk `~‡i m‡i hvq
Zvn‡j Pv‡P©i wbh©vZb Av‡iv e„w× cv‡e| Gfv‡e mvi‡fUvm,
†cÖv‡UóvÈ‡ì Zvi g‡Z `xw¶Z Kivi e`‡j AwaKZvi Drmv‡ni
mv‡_B Zv‡ì wÎZ¡ev`x ag©‡K Avwj½b Ki‡Z eva¨ Ki‡jb|
†m Rb¨ gvwU©b jy_vi 1539 L„. cÖKv‡k¨ Zuvi wb›`v K‡ib|
G mgqUv‡Z mvi‡fUvm wPwKrmK wn‡m‡e cÖ¨vKwUm Ae¨vnZ
iv‡Lb Ges AZ¨š— RbwcÖq wPwKrm‡K cwiYZ nb| GKRb †ckv`vi
wPwKrm‡Ki weKvk Lye Kg, G ev¯—eZv m‡Ë¡I mvi‡fUvm GKwU
evB‡e‡ji gy`Yª Z`viwKi Rb¨ mgq †ei K‡i wb‡Zb| evB‡ejwU
1540 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq| mi‡fUvm G‡Z GKwU f~wgKv †j‡Lb| Zv‡Z
wZwb cÖkœ K‡ib †h evB‡e‡ji G‡Ki AwaK A_© _vK‡Z cv‡i wK bv|
K¨vjwfb Gi nu¨v m~PK Reve †`b| wKš‘ mvi‡fUvm Zvi mv‡_
GKgZ n‡Z cv‡ibwb| AvR K¨vjwfbcš’x PvP© †m e¨vL¨vi bxwZ MÖnY
K‡i‡Q hv‡K K¨vjwfb K¨v_wjK a‡g©i wei“‡× mvi‡fUv‡mi me‡P‡q
eo Aciva e‡j Awfhy³ K‡iwQ‡jb| mvi‡fUvm e‡jwQ‡jb †h wZwb
L„óev‡ì A¨vbwUI‡Pb (Antiochene) avivfy³ cÖ_gw`‡Ki
bex‡ì g‡ZiB AbymiY Ki‡Qb|
GLv‡b GKwU welq D‡j−L†hvM¨ †h wZ³ we‡ivwaZv hLb Zz‡½
ZLb mvi‡fUvm Zvi cy‡iv‡bv eÜz wcUvi cvjwg‡qi (Peter
Palmier)- Gi evwo‡Z AvkÖq wb‡qwQ‡jb I kvwš— †c‡qwQ‡jb|
cvjwg‡qi ZLb wQ‡jb wf‡qbvi †ivgvb K¨v_wjK AvP©wekc|
mvi‡fUvm †mLv‡b 13 eQi evm K‡ib| G mgq wZwb wPwKrmvi c~Y©
¯^vaxbZv †c‡qwQ‡jb Ges AZ¨š— L¨vwZgvb GKRb wPwKrmK n‡q
I‡Vb| BD‡iv‡c hviv cÖ_g i³ mÂvj‡bi bxwZ m¤ú‡K© †j‡Lb,
wZwb wQ‡jb Zv‡ìB GKRb| wZwb f~‡Mvj wel‡qI GKwU MÖš’ iPbv
K‡ib| Gme mvwnwZ¨K mvdj¨ m‡Ë¡I Zuvi g‡bv‡hv‡Mi †K›`ª wQj
L„óvb a‡g©i mgm¨v| wZwb K¨vjwf‡bi Kv‡Q wPwV †jLv Ae¨vnZ
†i‡LwQ‡jb| G Avkvq †h wZwb nq‡Zv †kl ch©š— Zuv‡K wb‡Ri g‡Z
Avb‡Z cvi‡eb| wKš‘ K¨vjwfb mvi‡fUv‡mi wPwV‡Z e¨³ wek¦vm ev
aviYv `„pZvi mv‡_ cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| mvi‡fUvmI K¨vjwf‡bi
bxwZevK¨ †g‡b wb‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvb| †m mgqKvi †cÖv‡UóvÈ
L„óvb‡ì †kÖô wPš—vwe` wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z K¨vjwfb g‡b Ki‡Zb †h
ag©xq e¨vcv‡i Zvi wb‡`©kbv‡K P¨v‡jÄ Kivi `ytmvn‡mi Rb¨
mvi‡fUv‡mi cÖwZ weiw³ cÖKvk h_vh_ wQj| mvi‡fUvm K¨vjwfb‡K
AweZwK©Z ag©xq KZ©c … ¶ wn‡m‡e †g‡b wb‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvb|
K¨vjwfb m‡µv‡a Zuvi c‡Îi Reve †`b Ges mvi‡fUvm Zxeª
e¨½c~Y© fvlvq Zvi cÖZz¨Ëi †cÖiY K‡ib| Gici mvi‡fUvm Òw`
†ióv‡ikb Ae wµwðqvwbwUÓ (The Restoration of
Christianity) bvgK Av‡iKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib Ges †m cvÊywjwci
GKwU AwMÖg Kwc K¨vjwf‡bi Kv‡Q cvVvb| eBwU hLb cÖKvwkZ nj,
†`Lv †Mj Zv‡Z i‡q‡Q †gvU 7wU Aa¨vq| Gi g‡a¨ cÖ_g I †kl
Aa¨vqwU m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c L„óag© wb‡q †jLv| cÂg Aa¨v‡q wQj 30 wU
wPwV †h¸‡jv mvi‡fUvm I K¨vjwf‡bi g‡a¨ wewbgq n‡qwQj| G
†_‡K cÖKvk n‡q c‡o †h K¨vjwfb hZ cÖwZfv aiB nb bv †Kb,
Zvi g‡a¨ L„ó a‡g©i bgªZvi Afve i‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i R‡b¨ mvi‡fUvm
cybivq K¨v_wjK I †cÖv‡UóvÈ L„óvb Df‡qiB wb›`vi m¤§yLxb nb|
Dfq c¶ MÖš’wU aŸs‡mi e¨vcv‡i HKë× nq Ges Zv Ggbfv‡e
Kiv nq †h AvR Zvi `yÕwU gvÎ Kwc Qvov Avi †Kvb Kwci K_v Rvbv
hvq bv| G MÖ‡š’i cybg©`y Yª nq 1791 L„.| wKš‘ G gy`ª‡Yi mKj
KwcI aŸsm Kiv nq|
1546 L„. mvi‡fUvm‡K †jLv GK wPwV‡Z K¨vjwfb Zuv‡K ûgwK
†`b †h mvi‡fUvm hw` KL‡bv †R‡bfvq Av‡mb Zvn‡j Zv‡K Rxeb
wb‡q wdi‡Z †Ìqv n‡e bv| mvi‡fUvm Zv‡K wek¦vm Ki‡Zb e‡jb
g‡b nq bv| c‡i mvi‡fUvm †R‡bfv G‡m G wek¦vm wb‡q
K¨vjwf‡bi mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki‡Z hvb †h Zv‡ì g‡a¨ nq‡Zv g‡Zi
wgj ZLbI m¤¢e| wKš‘ K¨vjwfb †ivgvb K¨v_wjK‡ì w`‡q Zuv‡K
†MÖdZvi Kivb Ges ag©‡`ªvwnZvi `v‡q Zuv‡K KvivMv‡i wb‡¶c
K‡ib|
mvi‡fUvm wPwKrmK wn‡m‡e GZ RbwcÖq n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb †h Zuvi
wKQy cÖv³b †ivMxi mvnv‡h¨ wZwb KvivMvi †_‡K cvwj‡q †h‡Z m¶g
nb| wZwb †bcjm (Naples) hvevi wm×vš— †bb| †R‡bfvi ga¨
w`‡q †bcjm †h‡Z nZ| wZwb QÙ‡ek wb‡jb| g‡b Ki‡jb, G
QÙ‡ek A‡bï †Pv‡L ay‡jv †`qvi R‡b¨ h‡_ó n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ †mUv
wQj fyj| kn‡ii ga¨ w`‡q hvevi mgq wZwb aiv co‡jb Ges
Av‡iKevi Kvivi“× n‡jb| Gevi wZwb cvjv‡Z cv‡ibwb| wePvi
Zuv‡K ag©‡`ªvnx e‡j mve¨¯— Kiv nq| Zuvi wePv‡ii iv‡qi wKQy Ask
wbæiƒc :
mvi‡fUvm ¯^xKvi K‡ib †h Zvi eB‡Z wZwb wÎZ¡ev‡`
wek¦vmx‡ì wÎZ¡ev`x I bvw¯—K e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb
wÎZ¡ev`‡K wZb gv_vIqvjv GK kqZvb m`„k ˆ`Z¨ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ
K‡i‡Qb... wZwb wkï‡ì L„óa‡g© `xw¶Z Kiv‡K kqZvb I
Rv`yKi‡ì Avwe®‹vi e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb.... Zuvi g‡Z, GUv eû
AvZ¥v‡K nZ¨v I aŸsm K‡i| m‡e©vcwi wZwb GKRb gš¿xi Kv‡Q
†jLv c‡Î Ab¨ eû cÖKvi ag© Aegvbbvi mv‡_ Avgv‡ì Hk¦wiK
ag©‡K wek¦vmnxb Ges Ck¦inxb e‡j †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb,
Ck¦‡ii ¯’v‡b Avgiv wZb gv_vIqvjv bi‡Ki KzKzi‡K ¯’vcb K‡iwQ|
mvi‡fUvm‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i Av`vjZ e‡j †h cweÎ wÎZ¡ev‡ì
gnvgwng Ck¦‡ii we‡ivwaZv Kivq Zzwg j¾v ev fxwZ‡eva Ki bv
Ges †n‡Z Zzwg GK¸u‡qfv‡e we‡k¦ †Zvgvi `~M©Ühy³ ag©‡`ªvwnZvi wel
Pvov‡bvi †Póv KiQ †m‡nZz Gme Ges Ab¨vb¨ Kvi‡Y Ck¦‡ii PvP©‡K
G ai‡bi msµgY †_‡K cweÎ ivL‡Z Ges bó m`m¨ †_‡K gy³
Ki‡Z... Avgiv †Zvgv‡K gvB‡Kj mvi‡fUvm‡K eÜb K‡i Ges
wMR©vq wb‡Z Ges †mLv‡b LuywUi mv‡_ †eu‡a Ges †Zvgvi eB‡qi mv‡_
†Zvgv‡K cywo‡q gvivi Pig kvw¯— cÖ`vb KiwQ Ges †Zvgvi gZ Avi
†KD Ki‡Z PvB‡j Zvi RbÏ D`vniY n‡q _vK‡e|2
1553 L„. 26 A‡±vei mvi‡fUvm‡K gvwU‡Z †cÖvw_Z GKwU
Mv‡Qi mv‡_ euvav nq| Zuvi cv ïaygvÎ gvwU ¯úk© KiwQj| MÜK
gvLv‡bv Lo I cvZvi ˆZwi GKwU gyKzU Zuvi gv_vq cwi‡q †Ìqv
nj| cvZv mn KuvPv IK I Ab¨vb¨ R¡vjvwb KvV G‡b Zuvi cv‡qi
Pvicv‡k R‡ov Kiv nj| Gici LuywUi mv‡_ Zuvi kixi †jvnvi wkKj
w`‡q k³ K‡i euvav nj| `wo w`‡q Mjv I Nvo †cuwP‡q euvav nj,
Gici Kv‡V Av¸b awi‡q †Ìqv nj| Av¸b Zuv‡K hš¿Yv w`j, wKš‘
gvivZ¥Kfv‡e †cvov‡Z cvij bv| G `„k¨ †`‡L wKQy `k©K Zuvi cÖwZ
mnvbyf~wZkxj n‡q DVj Ges Zuvi hš¿Yvi Aemvb NUv‡Z Av‡iv
R¡vjvwb †hvM Kij| GKRb cÖZ¨¶`k©xi g‡Z mvi‡fUvm g„Zzï c~‡e©
`yÕNÈv a‡i hš¿Yvq †gvPo Lvw”Q‡jb| Òw` Giim Ae wUªwbwUÓi
(The Errors of Trinity) GKwU Kwc Kv‡V Av¸b R¡vjv‡bvi
Av‡M Zuvi †Kvg‡i †eu‡a †Ìqv n‡qwQj| ejv n‡q‡Q †h †KD
GKRb eBwU D×vi K‡iwQj| †mB Ava- †cvov eBwU GLbI Av‡Q|
†mjmvm (Celsus) e‡j‡Qb †h R¡jš— Av¸‡bi g‡a¨ mvi‡fUv‡mi
AwePjZv eû †jvK‡K Zuvi wek¦v‡mi Abymvix n‡Z †cÖiYv
RywM‡qwQj| K¨vjwfb Zvi Awf‡hv‡Mi ga¨ w`‡q †m K_vB ¯^xKvi
K‡i e‡j‡Qb †h eû †jvK i‡q‡Q hviv Zuv‡K fw³ I kÖ×v K‡i|
mvi‡fUv‡mi GK Abymvix KvmwU‡jv (Castillos) e‡jb: Ò†Kvb
gvbyl‡K cywo‡q nZ¨v K‡i †Kvb gZ‡K cÖgvY Kiv hvq bv|Ó3
cieZ©x eQi¸‡jv‡Z †R‡bfvi gvby‡liv mvi‡fUv‡mi GKwU g~wZ©
ˆZwi I ¯’vcb K‡i Zv‡ì kÖ×v cÖ`k©b K‡i| wKš‘ K¨vjwf‡bi g„Zzï
ci Zviv Zvi †Kvb g~wZ© ˆZwi ev ¯’vcb K‡iwb| KviY wZwbB
mvi‡fUvm‡K Rxeš— cywo‡q nZ¨v Kivi R‡b¨ `vqx wQ‡jb|
Kwe KvDcvi (Cowper) G NUbv ¯§i‡Y wj‡LwQ‡jb :
Zviv wQ‡jb AcwiwPZ
wbh©vZb Zv‡ì †U‡b Avbj L¨vwZi wkL‡i
Ges ¯^M© ch©š— Zv‡ì avIqv Kij|
Zv‡ì QvB D‡o †Mj nvIqvq
†KD Rv‡b bvÑ †Kv_vq Mš—‡e¨!
Zv‡ì bv‡g †Kvb PviY Kwe
iPbv K‡i bv Agi I cweÎ msMxZ|
Avi BwZnvm KZ ¶z`ª wel‡qI gyLi
A_P G e¨vcv‡i Avðh© bxie|4
mvi‡fUv‡mi g„Zz¨ †Kvbµ‡gB †Kvb wew”Qbœ NUbv wQj bv| †m
mgq mgMÖ BD‡iv‡cB G ai‡bi NUbv NUwQj| †gvUwji (Motley)
ÒivBR Ae w` WvP wicvewjKÓ (Rise of the Dutch
Republic) MÖ‡š’i wb‡æv³ D×„wZ‡Z ZviB Bw½Z †Ìqv n‡q‡Q .
1568 L„. 15 †deªyqvwi hvRK mfv †b`vij¨v‡Êi mKj
Awaevmx‡K ag©‡`ªvnx e‡j †`vlx mve¨¯— K‡i| G fxlY cÖjqKvÛ
†_‡K gywó‡gq we‡kl wKQy e¨w³gvÎ cÖv‡Y i¶v cvb| 10 w`b c‡ii
Zvwi‡L †¯ú‡bi ivRv wØZxq wdwj‡ci GK †NvlYvq hvRK mfvi
`Êv‡`k wbwðZ Kiv nq Ges Zvr¶wYK g„Zz¨`‡Êi gva¨‡g Zv
Kvh©Ki Kivi digvb Rvwi Kiv nq... ea¨f~wg‡Z 3wU mvwi‡Z ùvo
Kwi‡q 30 jvL bvix, cyi“l I wkï‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| bqv digv‡b
g„Zz¨`Ê wkw_j Kiv nqwb| cÖwZw`b Ges cÖwZ N›Uvq D”Pc`¯’ I
gnr e¨w³‡ì a‡i G‡b k~‡j Pov‡bv nw”Qj| Avjfv wØZxq wdwj‡ci
Kv‡Q †jLv GKwU c‡Î cweÎ mßvn ev nwj DB‡Ki ci ciciB
hv‡ì g„Zz¨`Ê Kvh©Ki Kiv nq Zv‡ì msL¨v 800 e‡j Abygvb
K‡ib| 5
†h MÖš’ mvi‡fUv‡mi wei“‡× mwnsmZvi KviY n‡q D‡VwQj,
†mB Òw` Giim Ae wUªwbwUÓi wKQy Ask wbæiƒc:
`vk©wbKMY Z…Zxq GKwU c„_K mËvi Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Qb| GwU
cÖK…ZB Ab¨ `yÕwU †_‡K Avjv`v| G‡K Zviv e‡jb Z…Zxq Ck¦i ev
cweÎ AvZ¥v, Gfv‡e Zviv GK KwíZ wÎZ¡ev‡ì †KŠkj D™¢veb
K‡i‡Qb, G‡Ki g‡a¨ wZ‡bi Aw¯—Z|¡ wKš‘ ev¯—‡e wZb Ck¦i A_ev
GK wÎmË¡gq Ck¦i‡K wg_¨v eY©bvi gva¨‡g Ges GKZ¡ev‡ì bv‡g
Avgv‡ì Dci Pvwc‡q †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|... Zv‡ì R‡b¨ Gme K_v‡K
¸i“‡Z¡i mv‡_ MÖnY Kiv, 3wU Aw¯—Z¡ eZ©gvb e‡j †g‡b †bqv LyeB
mnR| wKš‘ Ab¨ hviv GUv wek¦vm K‡i bv, Zv‡ì mv‡_ G‡¶‡Î †mB
wek¦vm bv Kiv e¨w³‡ì cv_©K¨ I `~iZ¡ i‡q‡Q Ges Zviv G¸‡jv
GKB cv‡Î gyL AvU‡K †i‡L‡Q| †h‡nZz Avwg Ôe¨w³MYÕ kãwUi
Aceënvi Ki‡Z Awb”QyK †m Kvi‡Y Avwg Zv‡ì cÖ_g mËv, wØZxq
mËv I Z…Zxq mËv bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ Kie, KviY evB‡e‡j Avwg Zv‡ì
Rb¨ Ab¨ bvg Luy‡R cvBwb... Zviv Zv‡ì ixwZ Abyhvqx G‡ì e¨w³
wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i _v‡K, Zviv gy³K‡É G me Aw¯—‡Z¡i eûZ¡‡K,
mËvi eûZ¡‡K, g~‡ji eûZ¡‡K, g‡g©i eûZ¡‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i| Ck¦i
kãwU‡K K‡Vvifv‡e MÖnY Kivi A_© Zv‡ì Ck¦‡ii msL¨v GKvwaK|
mvi‡fUvm Av‡iv wj‡L‡Qb :
hw` ZvB nq Zvn‡j 3 Rb Ck¦i i‡q‡Q GK_v hviv e‡j †mB
wUªI‡UvivBUm‡ì (Triotorites) †Kb `vqx Kiv n‡e? Zv‡ì GZ
Ck¦‡ii gg©v_©I †Zv GKB Ges hwÌ wKQy e¨w³ 3 Rb Ck¦i‡K GK
Kiv n‡q‡Q K_vwU †evSv‡Z PvB‡eb bv, hwÌ Zviv G kãwU eënvi
K‡ib †h Zviv GK‡Î MwVZ, Ges GK_v †hÑ G 3wU mËv n‡ZB
Ck¦i MwVZ| Gici GUv my¯úó †h Zviv wUªI‡UvivBUm Ges
Avgv‡ì wZbRb Ck¦i MwVZ| Gici GUv my¯úó †h Zviv
wUI‡UvivBUm Ges Avgv‡ì wZbRb Ck¦i i‡q‡Qb| Avgiv bvw¯—K
n‡q c‡owQ A_©vr Avgv‡ì †Kvb Ck¦i †bB| †hB gvÎ Avgiv Ck¦i
m¤ú‡K© fvevi †Póv Kwi, Avgv‡ì cv‡k G‡m ùvovq wZbwU AjxK
g~wZ© hv‡Z Avgv‡ì aviYvq †Kvb ai‡bi GKZ¡ev` Aewkó bv
_v‡K| Ck¦i Qvov Avi wKQy †bB| wKš‘ Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© wPš—vq A¶g
n‡j, hLb Avgv‡ì Dcjwä‡Z wÎ-mËvi mve©¶wYK mskq wei³
Ki‡Z _vK‡e, Avgiv wPiKv‡ji R‡b¨ GKwU †Nv‡ii g‡a¨ wbw¶ß ne
Ges g‡b Kie †h Avgiv Ck¦‡ii wPš—vB KiwQ| Zviv hLb ¯^M©
jv‡fi R‡b¨ G ai‡bi ¯^cœ †`‡L, g‡b nq Zviv Av‡iK RM‡Z evm
Ki‡Q| ¯^‡M©i ivR¨ Gme wb‡e©va K_vevZ©vi e¨vcv‡i wKQyB ÁvZ bb
Ges ag©MÖš’ †h cweÎ AvZ¥vi K_v e‡j Zvi A_© m¤ú~Y© wfbœ, hv
Zv‡ì ARvbv|
wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb:
wÎZ¡ev‡ì GB welqwU gymjgvb‡ì Kv‡Q †h KZUv nvm¨Ki Zv
ïay Ck¦iB Rv‡bb| Bqvû`xivI Avgv‡ì GB KwíZ aviYvi cÖwZ
AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk K‡iwb, Zviv GB †evKvwgi R‡b¨ Avgv‡ì Dcnvm
K‡i| Zviv wek¦vm K‡i bv †h Zviv †h whïwLª‡ói K_v ï‡b‡Q BwbB
wZwb| ïay gymjgvb ev Bqvû`xivB bq, GgbwK gv‡Vi cïivI
Avgv‡ì wb‡q Dcnvm KiZ, hw` Zviv Avgv‡ì GB D™¢U aviYv
eyS‡Z cviZ, †Kbbv Ck¦‡ii mKj m„wóB GK Ck¦‡ii AbyMÖn cÖv_©bv
K‡i|... ZvB GB R¡jš— gnvgvwi †hb †hvM Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges AwZ
†KŠk‡j m¤úÖwZ Avmv bqv Ck¦‡ii welq Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q †h ag©
Avgv‡ì c~e-© cyi“liv cvjb K‡ibwb| Avgv‡ì Dci `k©‡bi G
gnvgvwi G‡b‡Q MÖxKiv, Avi Avgiv Zv‡ì K_vq wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡i
`vk©wbK n‡q c‡owQ| Zviv ag©MÖ‡š’i evbxi gg©v_© KL‡bvB eyS‡Z
cv‡iwb hv Zviv G cÖm‡½ Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| mvi‡fUvm hxïi cÖK…Z
êwkó¨ e‡j hv wek¦vm Ki‡Zb Zvi Dci †Rvi w`‡q‡Qb :
hxï L„ó‡K Avwg bex e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kivq wKQy †jvK Zv wb‡q
Kzrmv iUbv Ki‡Q, KviY Zuvi †h me ¸Yvewj †m¸‡jv Zviv e‡j bv,
Zv‡ì wek¦vm †h hviv G KvR K‡i Zv‡ì mevB Bqvû`x I
gymjgvb| ag©xq MÖš’ I cÖvPxb †jLKMY Zv‡K bex ej‡jI Zv‡ì
wKQy Av‡m hvq bv|6
gvB‡Kj mvi‡fUvm wQ‡jb Zuvi mgqKvi cÖwZwôZ Pv‡P©i
me‡P‡q ¯úófvlx mgv‡jvPK| GUvB cÖ‡UbUv›U‡ì mvnvh¨ wb‡q
K¨v_wjKMY KZ©…K Zv‡K Av¸‡b Rxeš— cywo‡q gvivi KviY n‡q
ùvovq| beRvMiY (Renaissance) I ms¯‹v‡ii
(Reformation) hv wKQy fvj,Zvi g‡a¨ ZviB mgš^q N‡UwQj Ges
†h Av`k© GKRb gvbyl‡K Mfxi êwkK Ávbmn Ôwek¦Rbxb gvbylÕ
K‡i †Zv‡j, wZwb Rxe‡bi †m ch©v‡qi KvQvKvwQ †cuŠ‡QwQ‡jb|
wPwKrmvkv¯¿, f~‡Mvj I evB‡e‡j Avi cvwÊZ¨ wQj Ges ag©kv‡¯¿
wZwb wQ‡jb `¶| eûgyLx wk¶v Zv‡K w`‡qwQj `„wói cÖmviZv| wKš‘
Zvi †P‡q Aíwkw¶Z e¨w³iv Zuv‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQj| K¨vjwf‡bi
mv‡_ we‡iva wQj m¤¢eZ Zuvi Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ask|
wbwðZfv‡eB GUv wQj e¨w³‡Z¡i Ø›Ø, wKš‘ Kvh©Z Zuvi †P‡qI †ewk
wKQy GUv wQj K‡Vvi e`‡j †`qvi Rb¨ m~wPZ ms¯‹v‡ii cÖZ¨vL¨vb,
AatcwZZ Pv‡P©i welq bq| Gi g~j¨ Zuv‡K w`‡Z n‡q‡Q wb‡Ri
Rxeb w`‡q| mvi‡fUvm hwÌ ci‡jvKMZ, wKš‘ GKZ¡ev`x a‡g© Zuvi
wek¦v‡mi g„Zz¨ nqwb| GLbI wZwb AvaywbK GKZ¡ev‡ì cÖwZôvZv
(The Fonder of modern unitarianism) wn‡m‡eB gh©v`v
gwÊZ|
mvi‡fUv‡mi wek¦v‡m hviv wek¦vmx wQ‡jb Zv‡ì mevB Zvi
cwiYwZ †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ibwb| Zuvi mgmvgwqK A¨vWvg wbDmvi
(Adam Neuser)- Gi wPwV‡Z Zvi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| G wPwVwU
†jLv n‡qwQj Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡ji gymwjg kvmK mgªvU wØZxq †mwj‡gi
Kv‡Q| G wPwVwU ivRKxq cÖvPxb wb`k©‡bi Ask wn‡m‡e GLb
nvB‡Wjev‡M©i (Heidelburg) AvK©vB‡f msiw¶Z i‡q‡Q:
ÒAvwg, A¨vWvg wbDmvi, Rvg©vwb‡Z Rb¥MÖnYKvix GKRb L„óvb
Ges nvB‡Wjev‡M©i †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q ag© cÖPviKvixi gh©v`v jvf Kvix,
†h kn‡i G mgqKvi me‡P‡q †ewk wkw¶Z †jvK †`Lv hvq, Avwg
Avcbvi wcÖq Avj−vn I Avcbvi bexi (Zuvi Dci kvwš— ewl©Z †nvK)
Dwmjv w`‡q GKvš— web‡qi mv‡_ gnvgvb¨ myjZv‡bi Kv‡Q AvkÖq
cÖv_©bv KiwQ, Avgv‡K Avcbvi GKRb AbyMZ‡ì g‡a¨ Ges
Avcbvi †mB RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Aš—f©y³ K‡i †bqvi Av‡e`b Rvbvw”Q
hviv Avj−vn‡Z wek¦vm K‡i| me©kw³gvb Avj−vni B”Qvq, Avwg †`wL,
Avwg Rvwb I Avwg me©vš—tKi‡Y wek¦vm Kwi †h Avcbvi ag© cweÎ,
my¯úó I Avj−vni Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨| Avgvi `„p wek¦vm †h Avgvi
cÖwZgv c~RK L„óvb mgvR Z¨v‡Mi NUbv eû we‡ePbvkxj e¨w³‡KB
Avcbvi wek¦vm I ag© MÖnY Ki‡Z AbycÖvwYZ Ki‡e, we‡kl K‡i
Zv‡ì g‡a¨ me©v‡c¶v wkw¶Z I me©v‡c¶v we‡ePbvkxj eû e¨w³
†h‡nZz AvgviB gZ g‡bvfve †cvlY K‡ib hv Avwg gnvgvb¨
myjZvb‡K †gŠwLKfv‡e AewnZ Kie| Avgvi m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z †M‡j
Avwg †mB e¨w³ hvi m¤ú‡K© Avj KziAv‡bi Î‡qv`k Aa¨v‡q ejv
n‡q‡Q: L„óvbiv Avgv‡ì cÖwZ Bqvû`x‡ì †P‡q †ewk mw`”Qv cÖ`k©b
K‡i; Ges hLb Zv‡ì cÖv`ªx I wekcM‡Yi gZ Zviv nVKvix I
GK¸u‡q bq, Zviv Avj−vni bexi wb‡`©k¸‡jv eyS‡Z cv‡i Ges
mZ¨‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i, Zviv AkÖ“ mRj †Pv‡L e‡j, †n cÖfy! Avgiv
Aš—i †_‡K Avkv Kwi †h †h‡nZz fvj †jvKiv hv wek¦vm KiZ Ges
AvgivI ZvB Kwi, Ges Zv Avgv‡ì ag©wek¦vmx‡ì `‡j ¯’vwcZ
Ki‡e: Zvn‡j Avgiv †Kb Avj−vn I Zvi mZ¨ cÖPviKvix bex‡K
wek¦vm Kie bv? (Zz. 13t 36 Ges 5 : 82-83)|
†n mgªvU! Avwg Zv‡ìB GKRb hviv Avb‡›ì mv‡_ Avj KziAvb
cvV K‡i| Avwg Zv‡ìB GKRb †h Avcbvi RbM‡Yi GKRb n‡Z
PvB Ges Avwg Avj−vni bv‡g mv¶¨ w`w”Q †h, Avcbvi bexi gZev`
m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e mZ¨| Avwg gnvgvb¨ myjZv‡bi Kv‡Q Avgvi K_v
†kvbvi Rb¨ Ges cig Ki“Yvgq Avj−vn G mZ¨ Avgvi Kv‡Q Kxfv‡e
cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ Ki‡Rv‡o Av‡e`b Rvbvw”Q|
Z‡e gnvgvb¨ mgªvU, Avwg cÖ_‡gB e‡j wbw”Q †h Aciva, nZ¨v,
`my¨Zv A_ev †hŠb Aciv‡ai Kvi‡Y †h me L„óvb Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì
g‡a¨ emevm Ki‡Z bv †c‡i Avcbvi AvkÖq wb‡q‡Q, Avwg †m Kvi‡Y
Avcbvi AvkÖq PvBwQ bv| Avwg GK eQi c~‡e©B Avcbvi AvkÖq
MÖn‡Yi wm×vš— †bB Ges Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡ji c‡_ Avwg †cÖmevM©
(Presburg) ch©š— AMÖmi n‡qwQjvg| wKš‘ nv‡½ixq fvlv bv eySvi
Kvi‡Y Avwg Avi AMÖmi n‡Z cvwiwb Ges B”Qvi wei“‡× Avwg †`‡k
wd‡i Avwm| hw` Avwg †Kvb Aciv‡ai Kvi‡Y cvwj‡q †hZvg Zvn‡j
Avwg †`‡k wdiZvg bv| ZvQvov †Kvb e¨w³ Avcbvi ag© MÖnY Ki‡Z
Avgv‡K eva¨ K‡iwb| Avi †KB ev Zv Ki‡e? KviY Avcbvi
†jvK‡ì Kv‡Q AcwiwPZ Ges Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K eû `~‡i i‡qwQ|
myZivs Avgvi webxZ cÖv_©bv †h gnvgvb¨ myjZvb †hb AbyMÖn K‡i
Avgv‡K Zv‡ì GKRb e‡j bv fv‡eb hviv hy‡× civwRZ n‡q e›`x
n‡q‡Q Ges Avcbvi ag© MÖnY K‡i‡Q Awb”Qvq hviv my‡hvM †c‡jB
cvwj‡q hv‡e Ges mZ¨ a‡g©i wb›`v Ki‡e| Avwg gnvgvb¨ myjZv‡bi
Kv‡Q Avgvi webxZ Av‡e`b Rvbvw”Q †h, Avwg hv ej‡Z hvw”Q Zv‡Z
†hb wZwb AbyMÖn K‡i g‡bv‡hvM †`b Ges Avcbvi mvgªv‡R¨ Avgvi
cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi mZ¨ NUbv m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nb| weL¨vZ nvB‡WjevM©
wek¦we`¨vj‡q ag© cÖPvi‡Ki c‡` DbœxZ nIqvi ci Avwg wb‡R wb‡RB
Avgv‡ì L„óa‡g©i eû cÖKvi gZwe‡iva I wefw³ m¤ú‡K© wePvi
we‡klY ïi“ Kwi| KviY Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ hZ gvbyl wQj ZZ wQj gZ
I g‡bvfve| Avwg bex hxï L„‡ói mgq †_‡K hZ cwÊZ I
e¨vL¨vKvi ag©MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© hv wj‡L‡Qb I wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb, Zvi
msw¶ßmvi ˆZwii Kv‡R nvZ †`B| Avwg ïay `yÕwU ¯’v‡bB wb‡R‡K
m¤ú„³ K‡iwQjvg| GK, gymvi Av. wb‡`©k Ges Mm‡cj| Gici
Avwg AZ¨š— ag©xq AvPvi- Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g Ck¦i‡K GKvš—fv‡e
WvK‡Z _vwK, cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z _vwK hv‡Z wZwb Avgv‡K mwVK c_
†`Lvb hv‡Z Avwg weåvš— bv nB| Gici Ck¦i mš‘ó n‡q Avgvi
Kv‡Q cÖKvk Ki‡jb ÔGKRb gvÎ Ck¦‡ii `wjjÕ, †mB `wj‡ji Dci
wfwË K‡i Avwg GKwU MÖš’ iPbv Kwi hv‡Z Avwg cÖgvY Kwi †h
L„óvbiv †h wg_¨v K_v e‡j _v‡K hxïi gZv`‡k© †m K_v †Kv_vI ejv
†bB †h wZwb GKRb Ck¦i; eis Ck¦i GKRbB hvi †Kvb cyÎ †bB|
Avwg G MÖš’wU Avcbv‡K DrmM© KiwQ Ges Avwg m¤ú~Y© wbwðZ †h
L„óvb‡ì g‡a¨ me©v‡c¶v †hvM¨ e¨w³I GUv LÊb Ki‡Z m¶g bq|
myZivs Avgvi c‡¶ wK Ck¦‡ii mv‡_ Av‡iKRb Ck¦i‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv
m¤¢e? gymv Av. GUv wb‡la K‡i‡Qb Ges hxïI KL‡bv G wk¶v
†`bwb| Avj−vni AbyMÖ‡n w`b w`b Avwg wb‡R‡K kw³kvjx K‡i
Zz‡jwQ Ges ey‡SwQ †h L„óvbiv whïwLª‡÷i mKj myweavi Aceënvi
K‡i‡Q †hgbwU K‡iwQj Bqvû`xiv wcZ‡ji mc©‡K.... Avgvi wm×vš—
†h L„óvb‡ì g‡a¨ cweÎ wKQy Luy‡R cvIqv hv‡e bv Ges Zviv GLb
mK‡jB wg_¨vPvix| Zviv gymv Av. Gi wKZve I Mm‡c‡ji me wKQyB
wg_¨v e¨vL¨v K‡i weK…wZi wkKvi n‡q‡Q hv Avwg Avgvi wb‡Ri nv‡Z
†jLv GKwU eB‡Z †`wL‡qwQ Ges †mUv Avwg Avcbv‡K Dcnvi cÖ`vb
Kie| Avwg hLb ewj †h L„óvbiv wg_¨vPvi K‡i‡Q I gymv Av. Gi
wb‡`©k I Mm‡cj weK…Z K‡i‡Q Avwg Zv g‡b cÖv‡YB ewj| gymv Av.,
Cmv Av. Gi e¨vcv‡i myweavRbK mv¶¨ w`‡q‡Q| wKš‘ KziAvb
cÖavbZ Zv‡ì wg_¨v e¨vL¨vi gva¨‡g gymv Av. Gi wKZve I Cmv Av.
Gi Mm‡cj weK…Z Kivi welqwU †Rvi w`‡q e‡j‡Q| Kvh©Z Avj−vni
evYx hw` mwVKfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv nZ Zvn‡j Bqvû`x, L„óvb I
ZzwK©‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ _vKZ bv| ZvB KziAvb hv e‡j‡Q Zv
mZ¨| †gvnv¤§` mvj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg Gi ag© mKj wg_¨v
e¨vL¨v‡K aŸsm K‡i‡Q Ges Avgv‡ì Avj−vn Gi mwVK A_© wk¶v
w`‡q‡Q....
Gici Avj−vni AbyMÖ‡n Avwg eyS‡Z cvwi †h Avj−vn GK, Cmv Av.
Gi cÖK…Z ag©g‡Zi wk¶v Avgiv jvf Kwiwb| ZvB L„óvb‡ì mKj
Abyôv‡bi mv‡_B g~‡ji AZ¨š— †ewk cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| Avwg fve‡Z
ïi“ Kwi †h G we‡k¦ Avgvi g‡Z †jvK ïay Avwg GKv| Avwg Avj
KziAvb †`wLwb| Avgv‡ì L„óvbiv †gvnv¤§` mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj−vg Gi ag© mswk−ó †Kvb wKQy hv‡Z †Kv_vI we¯—vi jvf Ki‡Z bv
cv‡i †m R‡b¨ mZK© `„wó iv‡L Ges `vwi`ªïv hv‡Z Gme mZ¨ †R‡b
Zv‡Z wek¦vm ¯’vcb bv K‡i †m R‡b¨ Zviv mZ¨‡K †Mvcb K‡i Avj-
KziAv‡bi gZev` m¤ú‡K© Ggb Kzrmv iUbv K‡i †h Zviv Avj
KziAv‡bi bvg ï‡bB AvZ¼MÖ¯— n‡q cvwj‡q hvq| Zv m‡Ë¡I
A‡jŠwKKfv‡e †mB gnv MÖš’wU Avgvi nv‡Z G‡m c‡o‡Q Ges G
R‡b¨ Avwg Avj−vni cÖwZ K…ZÁZv RvbvB| Avj−vn Rv‡bb, Avwg Zuvi
Kv‡Q gnvgvb¨ myjZvb I Zuvi mvwe©K Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv Kwi|
Avwg †h Ávb jvf K‡iwQ Zv mK‡ji Kv‡Q e¨³ Kivi mKj cš’v
Aej¤^b Ki‡Z gb¯’ K‡iwQ Ges hw` Zviv Zv MÖnY bv K‡i Zvn‡j
Avwg Avgvi c` Z¨vM Kie Ges Avcbvi kiY †be| Avwg L„ó a‡g©i
wKQy wel‡q PvP© I Ab¨vb¨ ag©xq cÖwZôv‡b †h we‡iva Pj‡Q Zvi
mgv‡jvPbv ïi“ K‡iwQ Ges Zv‡Z cÖZ¨vwkZ dj cvw”Q| Avwg
welqUv‡K Ggb GK ch©v‡q wb‡q G‡mwQ †h mvgªv‡Rï mKj †jvKB
GLb Zv †R‡b †M‡Q Ges Avwg wKQy Ávbx e¨w³‡K Avgvi cv‡k
†c‡qwQ| Avgvi wb‡qvM KZ©v whwb GKRb ivRcyÎ Ges ¶gZvi w`K
w`‡q Rvg©vwb‡Z mgªv‡Ui c‡iB Zvi ¯’vb) mgªvU g¨vw·wgwjqv‡bi
nvgjvi f‡q Avgv‡K c`Pz¨Z K‡i‡Qb...|7
G wPwVwU mgªvU g¨vw·wgwjqv‡bi (Maximillian) nv‡Z c‡o|
wbDmvi Zvi `yÕeÜz wmjfvb (Sylvan) I g¨vw_qvm wfwn
(Mathias Vehe)- mn †MÖdZvi nb| Zuv‡ì KvivMv‡i wb‡¶c
Kiv nq| 1570 mv‡ji 15 RyjvB wbDmvi KvivMvi †_‡K cvwj‡q
hvb I Avevi †MÖdZvi nb| wZwb wØZxq evi cjvqb K‡ib I
AveviI †MÖdZvi nb| `yÕeQi a‡i Zv‡ì wePvi P‡j| wmjfv‡bi
gv_v †K‡U †djvi wm×vš— †bqv nq|
G ch©v‡q wbDmvi Avevi cjvqb K‡ib| Gevi wZwb
KbóvwÈ‡bvc‡j †cuŠQ‡Z m¶g nb I Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib|
d«vwÝm †WwfW (Francis David) 1510-1579 L„.

d«vwÝ †WwfW 1510 L„. Uªvbwmjfvwbqvi Kv‡jvRvi (Kolozsar)
G Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| †gavex QvÎ d«vwÝm D‡Ubev‡M© Aa¨q‡bi e„wË
jvf K‡ib| †mLv‡b Zv‡K 4 eQi a‡i K¨v_wjK cvw`ªi cÖwk¶Y
†`qv nq| Kv‡jvRvi- G wd‡i Avmvi ci wZwb K¨v_wjK ¯‹z‡ji
†iKW©vi wbhy³ nb| Gici wZwb †cÖv‡UóvÈev` MÖnY K†i K¨v_wjK
¯‹zj Z¨vM K‡ib| 1555 L„. GKwU jy_vicš’x ¯‹z‡ji †iKW©vi nb|
jy_vi I K¨vjwf‡bi g‡a¨ ms¯‹vi Av‡›`vjb wb‡q fvOb †`Lv w`‡j
†WwfW K¨vjwf‡bi `‡j †hvM †`b| ms¯‹vi ZLbI e¨vcK iƒc jvf
K‡iwb| G cwi‡e‡k AbymÜvbx wPš—v‡K ZLbI wbwl× Kiv nqwb|
L„óvba‡g©i mKj ch©v‡q Av‡jvPbv Aby‡gvw`Z wQj| ms¯‹vicš’x PvP©
ZLb ch©š— †Kvb wbw`©ó gZev` MÖnY K‡iwb Ges †m Kvi‡Y gy³ wPš—
vi AeKvk wQj| G cwi‡e‡k cÖwZwU gvbyl ïay Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q
Revew`wn Ki‡e, G gZ cÖKv‡ki Aeva ¯^vaxbZv wQj|
†h `yÕwU gZ wek¦vm mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨ me©v‡c¶v †ewk
weåvwš— m„wó K‡iwQj Ges hv wQj †hŠw³K e¨vL¨vi evB‡i †m `yÕwU
nj hxïi Ck¦iZ¡ I wÎZ¡ev`| hyw³ ewnf©~Z G gZ wek¦v‡mi e¨vcv‡i
†Wwf‡Wi gb we¶zä n‡q D‡VwQj| wZwb †f‡e cvw”Q‡jb bv †h G
e¨vcvi¸‡jv eySvi †Póv bv K‡iB hviv G in‡m¨ wek¦vmx ZvivB fvj
L„óvb wn‡m‡e MY¨ nq wK K‡i| wZwb †Kvb wek¦vm‡KB AÜfv‡e MÖnY
Ki‡Z ivwR wQ‡jb bv| wZwb ax‡i ax‡i G wm×vš— †cuŠ‡Qb †h hxï
Ck¦i bb| wZwb GK Ck¦‡ii Aw¯—‡Z¡ wek¦vmx n‡q D‡Vb|
†cvjv‡Ê G wek¦v‡mi cÖwZ †Rvi mg_©b wQj| G `‡ji †bZv
wQ‡jb `yÕRb: ivR ìev‡ii wPwKrmK eÊªvUv (Blandrata) Ges
†mvwKqvbvm (Socianus) bvgK GK e¨w³| †WwfW hLb ag© wek¦vm
m¤ú‡K© Zuvi GKwU aviYv m~Îe× Kivi KvR Pvwj‡q hvw”Q‡jb, G
mgq Uªvbwmjfvwbqvi ivRv Rb Amy¯’ n‡q c‡ob Ges wPwKrmvi
R‡b¨ eÊªvUv‡K Zje K‡ib| †WwfW †mLv‡b Ae¯’vbKv‡j eÊªvUvi
mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡ib| G †_‡K L„óvb a‡g©i g~j wfwËiƒ‡c GK Ck¦‡i
Zuvi wek¦v‡mi h_v_©Zv cÖgvwYZ nq| 1566 L„. †WwfW GK ag©xq
¯^xKv‡ivw³ iPbv K‡ib| G‡Z evB‡e‡j cÖK…Z wK ejv n‡q‡Q ZviB
Av‡jv‡K wÎZ¡ev‡ì Ae¯’vb e¨³ Kiv nq| G‡Z wcZv, cyÎ I cweÎ
AvZ¥vi cvwÊwZK aviYv wZwb cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| eÊªvUvI Zvi c¶
†_‡K cÖKvwkZ GK cyw¯—Kvq Gme gZ wek¦vm BwZevPK †bwZevPK
Dfqfv‡e cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i 7wU cÖ¯—ve †ck K‡ib| GKB eQ‡i e-
ÛªvUvi mycvwi‡k ivRv Rb †WwfW‡K ivRìev‡i ag© cÖPviK wb‡qvM
K‡ib| Gfv‡e †WwfW ZrKv‡j ag©xq mgm¨vw` e¨vL¨v Kivi R‡b¨
ivRv KZ©…K AvûZ RvZxq weZ‡K© GKZ¡ev`x `‡ji gyLcv‡Î cwiYZ
nb| wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb AZzjbxq evM¥x| Zvi m¤ú‡K© mgKvjxb
GK e¨w³ e‡jb, g‡b nZ Iì I wbD †Uóv‡g›U †Wwf‡Wi †VuvU¯’|
ivRv R‡bi Avg‡j 1566 I 1568 L„. wRDqvjwd‡nifvU
(Gyualafeharvat) Ges 1569 L„. bvwMfviv` (Nagyvarad) G
me‡P‡q eo weZK© mfv¸‡jv AbywôZ nq| cÖ_g weZK© wQj
AgxgvswmZ| Z‡e ivRv eÊªvUv I †Wwf‡Wi hyw³- cÖgvY cÖ`k©‡b gy»
n‡qwQ‡jb| †m Kvi‡Y 1567 L„óv‡ã cigZ mwnòyZv msµvš— GK
ivRKxq digvb Rvwi Kiv nq| G‡Z †NvlYv Kiv nq :
cÖwZwU ¯’v‡b ag© cÖPviKiv ag©cÖPvi Ki‡Z Ges Zv‡ì
Dcjwä Abyhvqx Mm‡c‡ji e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
mg‡eZ e¨w³iv hw` Zv fvj g‡b K‡i Zvn‡j †KD Zv‡ì
evav w`‡Z cvi‡e bv| Ges hv‡ì gZev` Zv‡ì fvj g‡b
nq Zviv †mB ag© cÖPviK‡K ivL‡e| †KD ag© cÖPviK‡K
N„Yv Ki‡Z ev Zvi mv‡_ `ye©ënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv... we‡kl
K‡i Zvi ag©gZ cÖPv‡ii R‡b¨, KviY ag© wek¦vm Ck¦‡ii
Dcnvi|9
1568 mv‡j ag© m¤úwK©Z wØZxq weZK© mfvwU WvKv n‡qwQj G
gZ wek¦vm cÖgv‡Yi R‡b¨ †h evB‡e‡j wÎZ¡ev` I hxïi Ck¦i‡Z¡i
K_v ejv n‡q‡Q wKbv| AZ¨š— kw³kvjx I civ½yg e³v †Wwf‡Wi
hyw³ZK© Amvi cÖgvY Ki‡Z we‡ivaxiv e¨_© nq| weZK© mfvq Avmbœ
civRq Dcjwä K‡i we‡ivaxiv MvjvMvwj ïi“ K‡i| G NUbv ivRv
Rb‡K †Wwf‡Wi hyw³ cÖgvY‡KB LuvwU e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
`k w`b a‡i weZK© mfv P‡j Ges Zv GKZ¡ev`‡K RbwcÖq ag©
wek¦vm wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ K‡i| †WwfW n‡q D‡Vb Gi AMÖ`~Z|
G mgq gvB‡Kj mvi‡fUv‡mi †jLv-†jwLi cÖvq meB aŸsm n‡q
wM‡qwQj| wKQy Ask †Mvc‡b Uªvbwmjfvwbqv‡Z wb‡q G‡m Zv ¯’vbxq
fvlvq Abyev` Kiv nq| †m¸‡jv e¨vcKfv‡e cwVZ n‡Z _v‡K Ges
Zv c~e© BD‡iv‡c GKZ¡ev`x Av‡›`vjb‡K kw³kvjx Kivq Ae`vb
iv‡L|
1569 L„. nv‡½ix‡Z Z…Zxq weZK© mfv AbywôZ nq| R‰bK
HwZnvwm‡Ki fvlvq GUv wQj P~ovš— wm×vš—g~jK weZK© mfv hv
GKZ¡ev‡ì P~ovš— weRq m~wPZ K‡i|10 ivRv ¯^qs G mfvq
mfvcwZZ¡ K‡ib Ges G‡Z iv‡Rï mKj D”P c`¯’ †emvgwiK I
mvgwiK Kg©KZ©vMY Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| †Wwf‡Wi hyw³ wQj GiKg:
†iv‡g †cv‡ci wÎZ¡ev‡` Avm‡j 4 A_ev 5 Rb Ck¦‡ii wek¦vm Kiv
nq| GKRb g~j Ck¦i, 3 Rb c„_K e¨w³ hv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Ck¦i
ejv n‡q _v‡K Ges Av‡iv GKRb e¨w³ hxï hv‡KI wKbv Ck¦i ejv
n‡q _v‡K| d«vwÝm †Wwf‡Wi g‡Z, Ck¦i ïay GKRb wZwb n‡”Qb
wcZv, hvi †_‡K Ges hvi Øviv mewKQy m„wó n‡q‡Q Ges whwb
mewKQyi E‡aŸ©, whwb mewKQy m„wó K‡i‡Qb Zuvi cÖÁvi kã I gyL
wbtm„Z wbk¦v‡mi gva¨‡g| GB Ck¦‡ii evB‡i Avi †Kvb Ck¦i †bB,
wZbI bq, PviI bq, bv fvev‡_© bv e¨w³iƒ‡c, KviY †Kvb ag©MÖ‡š’
Îqx Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© wKQyB ejv nqwb|
Pv‡P©i Kw_Z Ck¦i cyÎ whwb wKbv Ck¦‡ii mËv †_‡K m„wói
ïi“‡ZB Rb¥MÖnY K‡i‡Qb, Zvi K_v evB‡e‡ji †Kv_vI D‡jL †bB,
wKsev †bB wÎZ¡ev‡ì wØZxq Ck¦‡ii K_v whwb D™¢‚Z Ck¦i †_‡K Ges
i³gvs‡mi gvbyl| GUv GKvš—B gvby‡liB Avwe®‹vi I Kzms¯‹vi|
Avi †m Kvi‡Y Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb‡hvM¨|
hxï wb‡R‡K m„wó K‡ibwb, wcZv Zv‡K Rb¥ w`‡q‡Qb| wcZv
Zv‡K Hk¦wiK cš’vi gva¨‡g Rb¥`vb K‡iwQ‡jb|
wcZv Zv‡K cweÎ K‡i c„w_ex‡Z †cÖiY K‡ib|
hxïi mv‡_ Ck¦‡ii m¤úK© ïay ZvB hv Ck¦i Zv‡K cÖ`vb
K‡i‡Qb| Ck¦i Hkx mËvi me wKQyi E‡aŸ© weivRgvb|
Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q mg‡qi cv_©K¨ e‡j wKQy †bBÑ Zuvi Kv‡Q mg¯—
wKQyB eZ©gvbKvj| wKš‘ ag©MÖ‡š’ †Kv_vI G wk¶v †Ìqv nqwb †h
hxï m„wói ïi“‡ZB Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb|
G weZK© cuvP w`b a‡i P‡jwQj| Avi GwUI nq mgvwß g~jK|
ivRv Rb Zvi P~ovš— fvl‡Y †NvlYv K‡i †h GKZ¡ev`x‡ì gZ
cÖKv‡ki c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| we‡ivax c¶ A_©vr jy_vicš’x
`‡ji †bZv †gwjqvm‡K (Melius) ûuwkqvi K‡i †`qv nj †h wZwb
†hb †cv‡ci wb‡`©‡k KvR bv K‡ib, eB- cÎ cywo‡q bv †`b Ges
RbMY‡K ejcÖ‡qv‡M ag©vš—wiZ bv K‡ib|
c‡i †WwfW ag©xq weZ‡K©i mvi ms‡¶c eY©bv K‡ib Gfv‡e :
Avwg ag©MÖš’ AbymiY Kwi, wKš‘ Avgvi we‡ivaxiv Zv _‡ji g‡a¨
jywK‡q iv‡Lb| Zviv wÎZ¡ev‡ì K_v e‡j Av‡jvi e`‡j AÜKvi
†W‡K Av‡bb| Zv‡ì ag© GZUv ¯^we‡ivax †h Zviv wb‡Riv ch©š—
G‡K c~Y©v½fv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| hv‡nvK, Zviv Awb”Qv
m‡Ë¡I †`L‡Z cv‡eb †h Ck¦i Zvi mZ¨ cÖKvk Ki‡eb|11
G ag©xq weZ‡K©i dj nq GB †h, K‡jvRvi kn‡ii cÖvq mKj
AwaevmxB GK Ck¦‡i wek¦vmx n‡q D‡V| MÖvgvÂ‡jI G ag© wek¦vm
Qwo‡q c‡o Ges msL¨vMwiô †jv‡Ki a‡g© cwiYZ nq| GKZ¡ev`
Kvix fv‡e ¯^xK…Z 4wU a‡g©i GKwU‡Z cwiYZ nq, A_©vr Zv AvB‡bi
wbivcËv jvf K‡i| 1571 mvj bvMv` Uªvbwmjfvwbqvq GKZ¡v`x‡ì
cÖvq 5kÕwU mgv‡ek AbywôZ nq| G eQiB ivRv Rb gviv hvb|
GKZ¡ev‡ì RbwcÖqZv hwÌ e„w× cvw”Qj wKš‘ bZzb ivRv wó‡db
ivRv R‡bi mwnòyZvi bxwZ AbymiY cwiZ¨vM K‡ib| ivRv R‡bi
gZ cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi bxwZI wZwb evwZj K‡ib| d‡j GKZ¡ev‡ì
Abymvix‡ì RxebhvÎv wec`msKzj n‡q c‡o| G mgq eÊªvUv I
†mvwKbvqv‡mi mv‡_ we‡iva †`Lv †`qvq †Wwf‡Wi Ae¯’vI mw½b n‡q
I‡V| wZwb wQ‡jb Avcmnxb GKZ¡ev`x Ges GgbwK c‡iv¶fv‡eI
wZwb KvD‡K Ck¦‡ii Askx`vi Ki‡Z ivwR wQ‡jb bv| †mvwKqvbvm
hxïi cÖwZ kÖ×v I Dcvmbvi g‡a¨ GKwU cv_©K¨ †iLv Uv‡bb| †KD
Zvi Dcvmbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv, wKš‘ kÖ×v Rvbv‡Z cvi‡e| †WwfW
GUv gvb‡Z cv‡ibwb| A_P †cvwjk GKZ¡ev`x‡ì Kv‡QI welqwU
AvcwËKi g‡b nqwb| KviY G `y‡qi gv‡S cv_©K¨ wQj mvgvb¨B|
mvaviY gvby‡li wPš—vq I ˆ`bw›`b Af¨v‡m GB cv_©‡Kï welqwU
ax‡i ax‡i w¯—wgZ n‡q Av‡m Ges Dcvmbvi mgq AKc‡U GUv ejv
m¤¢e wQj bv †h †KD cÖv_©bv Ki‡Q bv kÖ×v Ávcb Ki‡Q|
†ivgvb K¨v_wjKMY bZzb ivRvi mg_©b jvf K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K
GKZ¡ev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZv‡ì g‡a¨ wefw³ Zv‡ì Av‡iv kw³
†RvMvq| 1571 L„. UiWv‡Z GK m‡¤§j‡b Awf‡hvM DÌvcb Kiv nq
†h wKQy hvRK bqv ag©gZ cÖeZ©‡bi Rb¨ †`vlx| 1573, 1576,
1578 L„. m‡¤§j‡bI G Awf‡hvM cybivq DÌvcb Kiv nq| Gme
Awf‡hvM µgk mywbw`©ó iƒc wb‡Z _v‡K Ges P~ovš— fv‡e d«vwÝm
†WwfW Zvi j¶ë¯‘‡Z cwiYZ nb| 1578 mv‡j eÊªvUvi mv‡_
ivRvi µgea©gvb eÜzZ¡ M‡o DVwQj| 1578 mv‡j eÊªvUv
†LvjvLywjfv‡e †Wwf‡Wi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib Ges wZwb †WwfW‡K Zvi
ag© Avi cÖPvi bv Kivi R‡b¨ e‡jb| wKš‘ †WwfW cÖvYf‡q fxZ n‡q
wb‡Ri wek¦vm Z¨vM Kivi gZ gvbyl wQ‡jb bv| †h eÊªvUv mvivRxeb
GKZ¡ev`x ag© cÖwZôvi msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb wZwbB †kl ch©š— `ye©j n‡q
co‡jb| e‡qve„× eÊªvUv Aemi PvB‡jb| wZwb Avi wb‡Ri ev
eÜz‡ì Dci mgm¨v †W‡K Avb‡Z PvB‡jb bv| Zviv Rvb‡Zb,
†WwfW hv Ki‡Qb Zv AZ¨š— wec¾bK| Zviv Dcjwä Ki‡jb †h
†WwfW hw` Zv‡ì c`v¼ AbymiY K‡ib Zvn‡j mewKQy mnR n‡q
hv‡e|
wKš‘ †WwfW Zvi g‡Z AwePj iB‡jb| wZwb †h ïay cÖPvi
Ae¨vnZ ivL‡jb ZvB bq, Dciš‘ mKj we‡ivwaZv AMÖvn¨ K‡i Zvi
wek¦v‡mi K_v wjL‡Z I cÖPvic‡Îi gva¨‡g Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q w`‡Z
ïi“ K‡ib| eÊªvUv †Wwf‡Wi gZ cwieZ©b Kivi cÖqv‡m
†mvwKqvbvm‡K Uªvbwmjfvwbqvq Avgš¿Y K‡ib| †mvwKqvbvm AvMgb
K‡ib I †Wwf‡Wi AvwZ_¨ †bb| Zvi †Póvq †Kvb dj nqwb| Z‡e
†WwfW Zvi †jLv‡jwL msw¶ß Ki‡Z ivwR nb Ges †m¸‡jv †cvwjk
GKZ¡vev`x Pv‡P©i Kv‡Q †ck Kivi wm×vš— †bqv nq| †WwfW ZvB
K‡ib Ges †gvU PviwU welq cÖYqb K‡ib:
Ck¦‡ii K‡Vvi wb‡`©k nj †h †KDB ¯^M© I c„w_exi mªóv, wcZv
Ck¦i Qvov Avi Kv‡iv Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
m‡Zï wk¶v`vZv whïwLªó wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb †h ¯^M©xq wcZv e¨ZxZ
Avi Kv‡iv mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv Kiv hv‡e bv|
cÖK…Z cÖv_©bvi msÁv nj hv g‡b cÖv‡Y wcZvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wb‡ew`Z
nq|
mvaviY cÖv_©bvi j¶ë¯‘ wcZv, L„ó bb|
†mvwKqvbvm G g‡Zi wei“‡× †j‡Lb Ges †WwfW Zvi g‡Zi
mg_©‡b cybivq †j‡Lb| G Av‡jvPbv µgk DËß n‡q D‡V Ges ax‡i
ax‡i Zv wZ³ I e¨w³MZ ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡Q| dj nj GB †h eÊªvUv I
†WwfW †LvjvLywjfv‡e ci¯ú‡ii kÎ“ n‡q I‡Vb| GKv K¨v_wjK
ivRv‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq mg_©b G‡b †`q| †WwfW‡K M„ne›`x Kivi
wb‡`©k †Ìqv nq| Zvi mv‡_ Kv‡iv †`Lv mv¶vr I wbwl× Kiv nq|
G wb‡`©k Kvh©Ki nIqvi Av‡MB †WwfW Zv Rvb‡Z cv‡ib| wZwb
Zr¶Yvr hZ †ewk m¤¢ve¨ †MÖdZvi m¤ú‡K© RbmvaviY‡K Rvwb‡q
†`b|
wZwb †NvlYv K‡ib, wek¦evmx hvB Kivi †Póv Ki“K bv †Kb,
Ck¦i GKÑ GK_v mviv we‡k¦i Kv‡QB my¯úó n‡q DV‡e|12
†MÖdZv‡ii ci †WwfW‡K GKwU ag©xq m‡¤§j‡b nvwRi Kiv
nq| eÊªvUv GKB mv‡_ cÖavb †KŠmyjx Ges cÖavb mv¶xi f~wgKv
cvjb K‡ib| †Wwf‡Wi R‡b¨ GUv wQj `ytmn aKj Ges wZwb Amy¯’
n‡q c‡ob| Zv‡K GKwU †Pqv‡i K‡i enb Kiv n‡Zv| wZwb Zvi
nvZ- cv bvo‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| Zv‡K hve¾xeb Kviv`Ê †Ìqv nq
Ges GKwU DuPz cvnv‡oi Dci wbwg©Z K¨vm‡ji e›`xkvjvq ivLv nq|
†mLv‡b wZwb †h 5 gvm RxweZ wQ‡jb, †m mgq wZwb Kx cwigvY
`yie¯’vi wkKvi n‡qwQ‡jb Zv †KD Rv‡b bv| 1579 L„. b‡f¤^‡i
Zvi g„Zz¨ nq Ges GKwU AÁvZ Ke‡i Acivaxi gZ Zv‡K Kei¯’
Kiv nq|
†Wwf‡Wi g„Zyï ci Zvi Kviv K‡¶i †`qv‡j GKwU KweZv
wjwLZ Av‡Q e‡j †`Lv hvq| Gi Ask we‡kl wbgœiƒc:
`yÕwU `kK Avwg wbôvi mv‡_ Avgvi †`k
I wcÖ‡Ýi †mev K‡iwQ
Avgvi wek¦¯—Zv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|
Avgvi wK Aciva †h Avwg wcZ…f~wgi Kv‡Q N„wYZ?
Zv nj ïay GB : Ck¦i GKRb, wZbRb bb
Avwg G DcvmbvB K‡iwQ|
G KweZvi †klvsk wQj GiKg:
eRª bq, µzk bq, bq †cv‡ci Zievwi, bq g„Zzï gyLe¨v`vb
m‡Zï AMÖhvÎv †iva K‡i †bB Ggb †Kvb kw³
Avwg hv Abyfe K‡iwQ ZvB wj‡LwQ
GK wek¦vm cwic~Y© ü`q wb‡q Avwg K_v e‡jwQ
Avgvi g„Zzï ci NU‡e cZb AmZ¨ gZev‡ì|13
†WwfW ci‡jvKMgb Ki‡jI Zvi Av‡›`vjb Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| Kvh©Z
eû eQi a‡i Uªvbwmjfvwbqvi GKZ¡ev`x‡ì d«vwÝm †Wwf‡Wi a‡g©i
Abymvix e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nZ| AvR Zvi gZ I e³e¨ mnR,
my¯úó I evB‡ej wfwËK e‡j M„nxZ n‡”Q| mKj `vwqZ¡kxj e¨w³i
ivqB GLb d«vwÝm †Wwf‡Wi c‡¶ hv‡”Q| 14
†Wwf‡Wi g„Zzï e¨vcv‡i eo f~wgKv cvjbKvix eÊªvUv K¨v_wjK‡ì
I ivRvi Kv‡Q AZ¨š— wcÖq n‡q I‡Vb| wZwb GZ abx wQ‡jb †h Zvi
DËivwaKvix Zvi ¯^vfvweK g„Zzï A‡c¶v bv K‡i Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i|
GKZ¡ev`x‡ì Dci wbh©vZb hwÌ Ae¨vnZ wQj wKš‘
wbcxobKvix‡ì Kvw•¶Z j¶¨ AR©‡b Zv mnvqK nqwb| wkMwMiB
†WwfW GKRb knx‡ì gh©v`v jvf K‡ib| Zuvi `„óvš— GKZ¡ev`x‡ì
g‡a¨ Ggb †cÖiYv †h msMwVZ wbcxob m‡Ë¡I Zv cÖR‡b¥i ci cÖRb¥
a‡i wU‡K _v‡K|
Uªvbwmjfvwbqvq GKZ¡ev`x‡ì msL¨v D‡j−L †hvM¨ fv‡e n«vm
cvq| Z‡e ZzK©x kvmbvaxb nv‡½wii `w¶‡Y Zv‡ì msL¨v e„w× †c‡Z
ïi“ K‡i| gymjgvb kvmKiv KziAv‡bi wb‡`©k Abyhvqx mKj a‡g©i
†jvK‡ì kvwš—‡Z emev‡mi AbygwZ †`b| Z‡e kZ© wQj †h Zviv
gmyjgvb‡ì ag©vPi‡Y †Kvb n¯—‡¶c Ki‡e bv| Gfv‡e L„óvbiv
gymjgvb kvmbvaxb c~Y© ag©xq ¯^vaxbZv †fvM K‡i hv Avi †Kvb L„óvb
ag©vej¤^x †`‡k wQj bv| GgbwK L„óvb‡ì Zv‡ì wbR¯^ AvBb
Abyhvqx PjviI AbygwZ †Ìqv nq| ¯^vaxbZvi G my‡hvM MÖnY K‡i
GKRb K¨vjwfbcš’x wekc ag©‡`ªvnxZvi Awf‡hv‡M GKRb
GKZ¡ev`xi duvwm †`b| Ab¨ GKRb GKZ¡ev`x G welqwU ey`vi ZzwK©
Mfb©i‡K AewnZ K‡ib| Mfb©i K¨vjwfbcš’x wekc‡K Zvi mvg‡b
Dcw¯’Z nIqvi wb‡`©k †`b| wePv‡ii ci wekc I Zvi `yÕRb
mnKvix‡K nZ¨vi `v‡q g„Zz¨`Ê †Ìqv nq| GKZ¡ev`x hvRK `ÊcÖvß
wek‡ci c‡¶ n¯—‡¶c K‡ib G e‡j †h wZwb G nZ¨vi cÖwZ‡kva
MÖnY Ki‡Z Pvb bv, Z‡e wZwb Pvb †hb G ai‡bi NUbvi cybive„wË
bv N‡U| Gi d‡j Acivax‡ì g„Zz¨`Ê iwnZ K‡i Zvi cwie‡Z©
Zv‡ì wecyj As‡Ki Rwigvbv Kiv nq|
ZzwK© miKv‡ii Aax‡b GKZ¡ev`xMY cÖvq GK kZvãx hver kvwš—
‡Z emevm K‡i| ZzwK© kvmbvaxb †`‡k Zv‡ì cÖvq 60 wU PvP© wQj|
ZzwK© mvgªv‡Rï cZ‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv‡ì ag© wek¦v‡mi ¯^vaxbZvI
Le© nq Ges †jvKRb‡K Avevi ejc~e©K K¨v_wjK a‡g© `xw¶ZKiY
ïi“ nq| hviv ag©vš—i MÖn‡Y A¯^xK…wZ RvbvZ Zviv mwnsm wbcxo‡bi
wkKvi nZ| Dwbk kZ‡Ki †kl bvMv` Rbmvavi‡Yi Dci cÖKv‡k¨
wbcxob Pvjv‡bv Am¤¢e n‡q c‡o| d‡j GKZ¡ev`x‡ì msL¨v Avevi
e„w× †c‡Z ïi“ K‡i| c~e© BD‡iv‡c GKZ¡ev`x Av‡›`vjb AvRI Aw¯—
Z¡ wb‡q wU‡K Av‡Q Ges GKZ¡ev‡ì Abymvix‡ì ü`‡q GLbI
†Wwf‡Wi wecyj cÖfve cwijw¶Z nq|
gymjgvb‡ì mv‡_ d«vwÝm †Wwf‡Wi KZUv †hvMv‡hvM wQj, †m
e¨vcv‡i Ríbv- Kíbv i‡q‡Q| wbtm‡›`‡n Zuvi ag© wek¦vm Bmjv‡gi
Lye KvQvKvwQ †cuŠ‡QwQj Ges Kgc‡¶ GKwU ¯’v‡b wZwb Zvi
wek¦v‡mi mg_©‡b †LvjvLywjfv‡e KziAvb‡K D×„Z K‡iwQ‡jb :
KziAv‡b GK_v KviY Qvov ejv nqwb †h hviv hxïi Dcvmbv
KiZ hxï Zv‡ì †Kvb mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| Zviv Zv‡K Ck¦i
e‡j g‡b KiZ hv wQj Zvi ag©g‡Zi we‡ivax... myZivs Zv‡ì‡K G
R‡b¨ `vqx Kiv hvq †h Avgv‡ì hxïi Dcvmbv Kivi wk¶v †K
w`‡q‡Q †hLv‡b hxï wb‡R e‡j‡Qb †h Ck¦‡ii cÖv_©bv Ki.... Ck¦i
wZbRb bb ïay GKRb|15
(Zz. 5t 116-117)
†Wwf‡Wi hZ wb›`v ev mgv‡jvPbv Kiv †nvK bv †Kb, Zv‡K KL‡bvB
GKRb gymjgvb ejv nqwb| KviY K¨vjwfbcš’x I K¨v_wjK
Df‡qiB Avk¼v wQj †h GUv ZrKvjxb kw³kvjx ZzwK© kvmK‡ì
GKZ¡ev`x‡ì mvnv‡h¨ †W‡K Avb‡e| GKZ¡ev`x Av‡›`vjb hv
Bmjv‡gi LyeB wbKUeZ©x wQj, m¤ú‡K© ZzwK© kvmK‡ì AmZK©Zvi
KviY nq‡Zv GB wQj †h Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì ag© Bmjv‡gi †¶‡ÎI
AatcZ‡bi m~Pbv n‡qwQj| †Wwf‡Wi GKwU cÖavb mgv‡jvPbv nj
†h hw` Zvi gZ MÖnY Kiv nZ, Zvn‡j Bqvû`x I L„óa‡g©i ga¨Kvi
cv_©K¨ `~i n‡q hvIqvi m¤¢vebv wQj Ges L„óag© nq‡Zv Bqvû`x
a‡g©i g‡a¨ cybivq wg‡k †hZ| GgbwK eÊªvUvI †WwfW‡K we`ªƒc
KiZ G e‡j †h wZwb Bqvû`x a‡g© wd‡i hv‡”Qb| wZwb KLbB
†Wwf‡Wi hyw³ LÊb K‡ibwb, wKš‘ Bqvû`x‡ì wei“‡× RbgZ‡K
Dm‡K w`‡q wZwb †Wwf‡Wi gh©v`v nvwbi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| eÊªvUv †eva
nq GK_v fy‡j wM‡qwQ‡jb †h cÖ‡Z¨K bexB Zvi c~e©eZ©x bexi wk¶v
cybe©¨³ I KvR mg_©b I m¤úÖmvi‡Yi R‡b¨B G‡m‡Qb| Kvh©Z
d«vwÝZ †Wwf‡Wi ¸i“Z¡ GLv‡bB †h GK Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ Av¯’v e¨³
Kivi ga¨ w`‡q wZwb †cÖwiZ cyi“l‡ì avivevwnKZvq hxïi Av‡M I
c‡ii †Kvb bexi HwZn¨‡K A¯^xKvi bv K‡i hxïi Ae¯’vb mg_©b
K‡i‡Qb| Dciš‘ wZwb RbMY‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡q‡Qb †h mZ¨
wek¦vm, Ck¦‡i wek¦vm Ges hxïi Av`k© I wk¶vi AbymiY I Rxeb-
hvcbB BnKvj I ciKv‡ji R‡b¨ h‡_ó|16,
†jwjI d«v‡Ým‡Kv gvwiqv †mvwRwb

(Lelio Francesco Maria Sozini) 1525-1562 L„.
†jwjI †mvwRwb 1525 L„. Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| cwiYZ eq‡m wZwb
GKRb AvBbwe` nb| G ch©v‡q AvBb Aa¨qb Zv‡K wneªy I
evB‡e‡ji M‡elYvq DØy× K‡i| Zi“Y eq‡m wZwb †ev‡jvMbv Z¨vM
K‡ib I †Wwb‡mi cvk¦©eZ©x GjvKvq Mgb K‡ib| †mLv‡b ZLb
wKQyUv ag©xq ¯^vaxbZv wQj hv BZvwji Avi †Kvb As‡k wQj bv|
mvi‡fUv‡mi iPbv †mLv‡b mgv`„Z n‡Zv Ges A‡b‡KB Zvi Øviv
cÖfvweZ wQ‡jb| Iqv‡jm Zvi ÒGw›U wUªwbUvwiqAb ev‡qvMÖvwdÓ MÖ‡š’
wj‡L‡Qb †h mvi‡fUv‡mi Abymvix‡ì g‡a¨ †fwb‡mi eû wewkó
e¨w³ I Kg©KZ©vI wQ‡jb|17 wKš‘ wm‡bU mvi‡fUv‡mi Abymvix‡ì
cÖKvk¨ Kvh©µg wbwl× Kivi †cÖw¶‡Z Zviv †Mvc‡b wgwjZ n‡Z ïi“
K‡ib| L„óa‡g©i mZ¨ iƒc Rvbv Ges hxïi cÖK…Z wk¶v‡K cybt
cÖwZôv KivB wQj Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨| Òwnówi Ae w` widi‡gkb Bb
†cvjvÊÓ MÖ‡š’ jywewb‡qUw¯‹ (Lubinietski) wj‡L‡Qb:
Zviv G wm×v‡š— DcbxZ nb †h GK Ck¦i Qvov Avi †Kvb Ck¦i
†bB| hxï cÖK…ZB GKRb i³- gvs‡mi gvbyl wQ‡jb| wZwb Ck¦‡ii
A‡jŠwKK ¶gZvq Kzgvix gv‡qi M‡f© Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wÎ-Ck¦i Ges
hxïi Ck¦iZ¡ gZev‡ì D‡`¨vMZv nj †cŠËwjK `vk©wbKMY|18
Iqv‡jm (Wallace) wj‡L‡Qb, †jwjI Gme †jv‡Ki mv‡_
mv¶vr K‡ib Ges Zv‡ì g‡Z gy» n‡q Zvi“‡Yï Drmvn wb‡q ag©xq
m‡Zï mÜv‡b wb‡qvwRZ nb|19 K¨vwg‡jv (Camillo) bvgK
GKRb ag©Ávbx e¨w³ Zv‡K we‡klfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡ib| Zvi mvg‡b
GK bZzb w`Mš— D‡b¥vwPZ nq| ZLb ch©š— Zvi gb cÖwZwôZ Pv‡P©i
K‡Vvi ag©g‡Z `„pfv‡e wek¦vmx wQj| wKš‘ GLb wZwb bZzb GK
¯^vaxbZv Abyfe Ki‡jb hv wZwb Av‡M jvf K‡ibwb| wZwb Rxe‡bi
bZzb A_© Luy‡R †c‡jb Ges m‡Zï mÜv‡b wb‡R‡K AvRxeb DrmM©
Kivi wm×vš— †bb| Rvbv hvq †h AvR hv wf‡b‡mbRvi ¸ß (Secret
Society of Vincenza) mwgwZ bv‡g cwiwPZ, †mw`b G mwgwZi
m`m¨‡ì msL¨v wQj 40 GiI †ewk| GK mgq G ¸ß mwgwZi Aw¯—
Z¡ cÖKvk n‡q co‡j m`m¨‡ì A‡bK‡KB †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| Kv‡iv
Kv‡iv g„Zz¨`Ê nq| Ab¨w`‡K fvMëvb m`mïv cvwj‡q †h‡Z m¶g
nb I Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k wM‡q AvkÖq MÖnY K‡ib| †jwjI †mvwRwb Qvov
G mwgwZi m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb IwPbvm, Wvwiqvm †mvwRwb
(†jwjIi ÁvwZåvZv), AvjwmqvwU I eyKvwjm| GKwU †Rvi aviYv
Pvjy Av‡Q †h †k‡lv³ `yÕRb Bmjvg MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| Wvt †nvqvBU
Zvi eª¤úUb e³…Zvq (Brompton Lectures) †mvwRwbi
Abymvix‡ì ÒAvi‡ei bexi AbymvixÓ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb|20
GKw`‡K G mwgwZi Aw¯—Z¡ hLb †Mvcb wQj, Ab¨w`‡K †jwjI
†mvwRwbi `„wó Gi evB‡ii `yÕe¨w³i cÖwZ AvK…ó n‡qwQj| G‡ì
GKRb mvi‡fUvm, Ab¨Rb K¨vjwfb| mvi‡fUv‡mi GKZ¡ev‡` Zvi
wek¦v‡mi K_v cÖKv‡k¨ †NvlYvi mvnm wQj, Ab¨w`‡K K¨vjwfb
wb‡R‡K BD‡iv‡ci ms¯‹viev`x †Mvôxi mgZzj¨ GKwU kw³ wn‡m‡eB
wb‡Ri cwiPq w`‡Zb|
†mvwRwb cÖ_‡g K¨vjwf‡bi mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki‡Z gb¯’ K‡ib|
wKš‘ Zvi mv‡_ mv¶v‡Zi ci †mvwRwb †`L‡Z cvb †h GKRb †ivgvb
hvR‡Ki gZB K¨vjwfb GK Aby`vi gvbwmKZvi e¨w³| G‡Z wZwb
LyeB nZvk nb| Zvi G g‡bvfve Awej‡¤^B we‡ùvi‡Yvb¥yL iƒc
cwiMÖn K‡i hLb wZwb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib †h mvi‡fUvm‡K †MÖdZv‡ii
e¨vcv‡i K¨vjwfb mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ‡jb| ZLb †_‡K †mvwRwb
mvi‡fUv‡mi gZev‡` Av¯’v ¯’vcb K‡ib| K¨vwg‡jvi Aby‡cÖiYvq
wZwb cÖwZwôZ Pv‡P©i M„nxZ gZev` mg~‡ni e¨vcK Aa¨qb I M‡elYv
Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb|
1559 mv‡j wZwb RywiL Mgb K‡ib| †mLv‡bB Zvi Rxe‡bi
†kl wZb eQi Mfxi Aa¨q‡bi g‡a¨ AwZevwnZ nq| 1562 mv‡j
gvÎ 37 eQi eq‡m wZwb ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib|
dvD‡óv cvI‡jv †mvwRwb (Fausto Paolo Sozini) 1539-

1604 L„.
†jwjI †mvwRwbi åvZz®úyÎ dvD‡óv cvI‡jv †mvwRwb 1539 L„.
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZ…e¨ ¯^íKvjxb A_P djcÖm~ Rxe‡b hv AR©b
K‡iwQ‡jb, Zvi meB åvZz®úyÎ‡K w`‡q hvb| 23 eQi eq‡m
Rbmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q †mvwKqvbvm bv‡g cwiwPZ dvD‡óv †mvwRwb ïay
†jwjIiB bq, K¨vwg‡jv I mvi‡fUv‡miI DËim~ix‡Z cwiYZ nb|
wcZ…‡eï KvQ †_‡K gnvg~j¨ Dcnvi wn‡m‡e wZwb †c‡qwQ‡jb wecyj
msL¨K cvÊywjwc I e¨vL¨vg~jK †bvU|
†mvwKqvbvm Zvi Rb¥¯’vb wm‡qbvq (Sienna) cÖv_wgK wk¶v
jvf K‡ib| c‡i wZwb wjqu I †R‡bfv Mgb K‡ib| 1565 L„. wZwb
BZvwj‡Z wd‡i Av‡mb| wZwb †d¬v‡iÝ hvb Ges Bmv‡ejv `¨
†g‡Wwmi (Issabella de Medeci) Aax‡b PvKzwi MÖnY K‡ib|
†mLv‡b wZwb gh©v`v I m¤§vb jvf K‡ib| Bmv‡ejvi g„Zzï ci wZwb
BZvwj Z¨vM K‡ib I evwm‡j‡Z evm Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| Zi“Y cwÊZ
†mLv‡b Lye wkMwMiB ag©Z‡Ë¡ AvMÖnx‡ì `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z m¶g
nb| wZwb †ebv‡g GKwU MÖš’ cÖKvk K‡i †Mvc‡b weZiY K‡ib,
KviY Pv‡P©i Abykvm‡bi mv‡_ cÖKv‡k¨ gZcv_©K¨ cÖKvk Kiv AZ¨š—
wec¾bK wQj|
dvD‡óv †mvwRwbi MÖš’wU †cvjv‡Êi ivR ìev‡i wPwKrmK e-
ÊªvUvi (Blandrata) nv‡Z †cuŠ‡Q| G ch©v‡q †P‡c emv kvm‡ivaKi
cwiw¯’wZ †_‡K mvaviY gvbyl‡K gy³ Kivi mvnm, gb, ¶gZv I
D”PvKv•¶v eÊªvUvi wQj| kvmK‡ì ag© mwnòyZv ag© wb‡q gy³
Av‡jvPbvq AvMÖnx I Pv‡P©i ¯’‚j Abykvmb gvb‡Z Awb”QyK e¨w³‡ì
R‡b¨ †cvjvÊ‡K AvKl©Yxq ¯’v‡b cwiYZ K‡iwQj| eÊªvUv
†mvwKqvbvm‡K †cvjv‡Ê Avmvi Avgš¿Y Rvbvb| †mvwKqvbvm
Avb‡›ì mv‡_ Zv MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb †cvjv‡Ê gy³ I Avš—wiK
cwi‡ek †`L‡Z cvb| wZwb Pv‡P©i wbcxob, fq gy³ cwi‡e‡k ¯^bv‡g
†jLvi ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡ib| †cvjv‡Ê G‡m hwÌ wZwb cÖv‡Y i¶v
cvb, wKš‘ BZvwj‡Z Zvi mnvq- m¤ú` ev‡Rqvß Kiv nq|
†mvwKqvbvm GKRb †cvwjk gwnjv‡K we‡q K‡ib Ges ¯^‡`‡ki
mv‡_ mKj m¤úK© wQbœ K‡ib|
†cvjv‡Êi kvmKiv wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm Ki‡Zb bv| Z‡e Zviv
ZLbI AÜKv‡i nvZ‡o †eovw”Q‡jb| Zviv Rvb‡Zb bv †h GKwU
BwZevPK ag©gZ cÖYq‡b Kx c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e| †mvwKqvbv‡mi
Dcw¯’wZ G Afve c~iY K‡i Ges kvmK I RbMYI Zv‡Z ¯úóZB
mš‘ó nq| wcZ…‡eï KvQ †_‡K jä Ávb I wbR¯^ Aa¨q‡bi myd‡ji
mgš^q N‡UwQj †mvwKqvbv‡mi †gav I gb‡b Ges Pv‡P©i Dci Zvi
†jLvi kw³kvjx cÖwZwµqv N‡UwQj|
µz× PvP© Zv‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i Ges Zv‡K Rxeš— cywo‡q gvivi
wb‡`©k †Ìqv nq| wKš‘ †mvwKqvbv‡mi cÖwZ Rbmg_©b GZ wecyj
wQj †h Av`vjZ Zv‡ì wm×vš— cwieZ©b Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| ZeyI
Zv‡ì wePv‡ii djvd‡ji weivU ¸i“Z¡ cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z Zv‡K VvÛv
cvwb‡Z Wywe‡q nZ¨vi wm×vš— †bq| PvP© ag©xq wei“×vPiYKvix‡ì
R‡b¨ Rxeš— Av¸‡b cywo‡q gvivi cvkvcvwk VvÛv cvwb‡Z Wywe‡q
nZ¨vi G weavb‡K RywWKvg †WB (Judicum dei) ev Ck¦‡ii wePvi
bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ KiZ hwÌ Zv KL‡bvB whïwLªó ev c‡ji wk¶vi
Ask wQj bv| G kvw¯—‡Z †`vlx mve¨¯— e¨w³‡K Mfxi cvwb‡Z wb‡¶c
Kiv n‡Zv| hw` †m Wy‡e †hZ Zvn‡j †m †`vlx cÖgvwYZ n‡Zv|
†mvwKqvbvm muvZvi Rvb‡Zb bv, GK_v fvjfv‡e Rvbv m‡Ë¡I
hvRKiv Zv‡K mvM‡i wb‡¶c K‡i| †hfv‡eB †nvK wZwb cÖv‡Y †eu‡P
hvb Ges 1604 L„. ch©š— RxweZ wQ‡jb|
1605 L„. †mvwKqvbv‡mi me iPbv GKÎ K‡i GKwU MÖš’ cÖKvk
Kiv nq| †iv‡KvD (Rokow) †Z MÖš’wU cÖKvwkZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y
mvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q GKwU iv‡Kvwfqvb K¨v‡_wmRg (Racovian
Cathechism) bv‡g cwiwPZ nq| †cvwjk fvlvq cÖKvwkZ G MÖš’wU
BD‡iv‡ci cÖvq mKj fvlvq Abyw`Z nq| Zvi gZv`k© me©Î Qwo‡q
c‡o Ges Zvi ag©xq wPš—vaviv †mvwKqvbev` (Socianism) bv‡g
cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| nvibvK Zvi ÒAvDUjvBbm Ae w` wnówi Ae
WMgvÓ MÖ‡š’ †mvwKqvbev`‡K L„óxq ag©g‡Zi P~ovš— ch©v‡q me©‡kl
wn‡m‡e †ivgvb K¨v_wjKev` I †cÖv‡UóvÈev‡ì mg ch©v‡q ¯’vcb
K‡i‡Qb| Aek¨ GUv †mvwKqvbv‡mi cÖvc¨| KviY Zvi Rb¨B †m
mgq GKZ¡ev`xiv AvaywbK L„óvb a‡g©i g‡a¨ GK c„_K cwiwPwZ jvf
K‡iwQj| nvibvK †mvwKqvbev‡ì wb‡æv³ êwkó¨¸‡jv D‡jL
K‡i‡Qb :
G‡Z i‡q‡Q a‡g©i ev¯—eZv I welq m¤úwK©Z cÖkœmg~n mnR
K‡i †Zvjvi Ges PvP© cÖewZ©Z a‡g©i †evSv cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi mvnm|
GUv ag© I weÁv‡bi g‡a¨ Ges L„óag© I c−v†UvwbR‡gi g‡a¨
Pzw³i eÜb †f‡O w`‡q‡Q|
GUv G aviYv Qwo‡q w`‡q‡Q †h ag©‡K kw³kvjx Ki‡Z n‡j
ag©xq m‡Zï weeiY my¯úó I Dcjwä‡hvM¨ n‡Z n‡e|
GUv evB‡e‡j hv †bB †mB cÖvPxb ag©g‡Zi eÜb †_‡K cweÎ
evB‡e‡ji Aa¨qb‡K gy³ Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Q| †KD GKRb
e‡j‡Qb †h ÒmvaviY gvby‡li AÁZv nj hvRK‡ì ivR¯^|Ó
†mvwKqvbev` G `yÕwU‡KB n«vm Kivi †¶‡Î h‡_ó f~wgKv cvjb
K‡i|
†mvwKqvb ag©ZË¡ BD‡ivc Ry‡o Qwo‡q c‡o| Bsj¨v‡ÊI Zv we¯—
…Z nq| biDB‡Pi wekc nj (Bishop Hall) wejvc ïi“ K‡ib †h
wÎZ¡ev` we‡ivax I bqv ag©vbymvix‡ì Øviv bviKxq †mvwKqvb
ag©g‡Zi gva¨‡g L„óvb‡ì gb wec_Mvgx n‡q‡Q| d‡j L„óa‡g©i
P~ovš— aŸs‡mi Avk¼v †`Lv w`‡q‡Q|21 1638 L„. †mvwKqvb‡ì Dci
wbg©g I msMwVZ wbcxob ïi“ nq| †iv‡KvD‡Z Zv‡ì K‡jR eÜ
K‡i †`qv nq|
†mvwKqvbv‡mi Abymvixiv mKj bvMwiK AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ
nb Ges GKZ¡ev‡` wek¦vmx eû †jvK‡K Rxeš— cywo‡q gviv nq|
G‡¶‡Î D`vniY wn‡m‡e K¨v‡_wib †fvMv‡ji (Catherine
Vogal) K_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| †cvjv‡Êi GK AjsKvi eëmvqxi
¯¿x K¨v‡_wib‡K 80 eQi eq‡m Rxeš— cywo‡q gviv nq| Zvi Aciva
wQj GB †h wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h Ck¦i GKRb, wZwbB `„k¨gvb
Ges A`„k¨ we‡k¦i mªóv Ges gvbweK eyw× Zuvi bvMvj cvq bv| GUv
Avm‡j AK…wÎg Bmjvwg welq| dzjvi wj‡L‡Qb †h †mvwKqvbv‡mi
Abymvix‡ì Gfv‡e Rxeš— cywo‡q gvivi exfrm e¨vcviwU mvaviY
gvbyl‡K ¯—w¤¢Z K‡i... Ges Zviv fvj wPš—v¸‡jv GgbwK
ag©we‡ivax‡ì gZI mv`‡i MÖnY Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z wQj hviv i³ AvL‡i
LwPZ K‡iwQj wb‡R‡ì ag© wek¦vm‡K| 22 Iqv‡jm e‡jb, †mRb¨B
cÖ_g †Rgm Av¸‡b cywo‡q nZ¨vi e`‡j Zv‡ì eB cywo‡q †`qvi
AwaKZi Kg ¶wZKi bxwZ MÖnY K‡ib|23
1658 L„. RbmvaviY‡K †ivgvb K¨v_wjK ag© MÖnY A_ev
wbe©vm‡b hvIqvi †h †Kvb GKwU‡K †e‡Q wb‡Z ejv nq| d‡j
GKZ¡ev`xiv QÎf½ n‡q mviv BD‡iv‡c Qwo‡q c‡o| Z‡e Zv‡ì
ag© wek¦vm †_‡K Zviv wePz¨Z nqwb Ges `xN©w`b wb‡R‡ì ¯^Zš¿
cwiPq eRvq iv‡L|
iv‡Kvwfqvb K¨v‡_wmR‡g wea„Z †jLvq †mvwKqvbvm cÖvqwðË
gZev` cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i †Muvov L„óa‡g©i gg© g~‡j AvNvZ †n‡bwQ‡jb|
hxï µzkwe× nbwb wKsev cybi“¾xweZI nbwb, myZivs G gZev`
m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wfwËnxb| †mvwKqvbvm hxïi Rxe‡bi †kl cwiYwZ
m¤ú‡K© ÁvZ bv _vK‡jI wZwb Ab¨vb¨ wfwË‡Z G gZev‡ì AmviZv
cÖgv‡Y m¶g wQ‡jb| ms‡¶‡c ej‡j, cÖvqwðË gZev‡ì Abymvixiv
cÖPvi Ki‡Z _v‡K †h Av`‡gi cÖ_g fyj Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ gvbyl cvcx
n‡q Rb¥MÖnY K‡i‡Q| hxï Zvi µzkwe× nIqvi ga¨ w`‡q G cvc
Ges L„óag© MÖnYKvix Zuvi Abymvix mK‡ji cv‡ci cÖvqwðË
K‡i‡Qb| †Muvov L„óag© Abymv‡i PvP© nj GKwU ag©xq cÖwZôvb I
cweÎ mgvR hv whïwLªó gvby‡li Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ Zvi cÖvqwð‡Ëi
gva¨‡g cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Qb| ïaygvÎ G mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ †_‡K Ges Zvi
†mevi gva¨‡g cvcx gvbyl Ck¦i jv‡fi c_ Luy‡R †c‡Z cv‡i| G
Kvi‡Y PvP© wek¦vmx e¨w³i PvB‡Z AwaK ¸i“Z¡cY~ © I AMÖvwaKvi cÖvß|
†mvwRwb- Gi mewKQyB cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib wZwb wbwðZ wQ‡jb †h
GKRb gvbyl †Kvb ga¨¯’ZvKvix QvovB mivmwi Ck¦i‡K jvf Ki‡Z
cv‡i| AvZ¥vi gyw³i R‡b¨ L„óag© bq, mwVK wek¦vm cÖ‡qvRb,
AÜfv‡e PvP©‡K AbymiY Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| cÖvqwðË gZev`
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i †mvwKqvbvm mgMÖ Pv‡P©i KZ©…Z¡ I Aw¯—Z¡ m¤ú‡K©B
cÖ‡kœi m„wó K‡ib| cÖavbZ GB Kvi‡YB K¨v_wjK I †cÖv‡UóvÈiv
†Kvwmqvbv‡mi wei“‡× jovB Kivi R‡b¨ ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ nvZ
wgwj‡qwQj| †mvwKqvbvm wb‡æv³ wfwË‡Z cÖvqwðË gZev` LÊb
K‡ib:
whïwLªó Avw` cv‡ci cÖvqwðË Kivi Rb¨ Rxeb DrmM© K‡ibwb|
Mm‡c‡ji eY©bv Abyhvqx hxï Aí mg‡qi R‡b¨ hš¿Yv‡fvM K‡ib|
gvbyl‡K †h Abš—Kvjxb hš¿Yv‡fvM Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi mv‡_ Zzjbvq ¯^í
mg‡qi Lye Zxeª hš¿Yv wKQyB bq| hw` G K_v ejv nq †h G hš¿Yv
wQj AwZ fqvbK KviY whwb Zv †fvM K‡ib wZwb wQ‡jb Awbt‡kl
e¨w³i hš¿YvI Abš— hš¿Yvi Kv‡Q wKQyB bq|
hw` ¯^xKvi K‡i †bqvI nq †h whïwLªó cÖvqwðË K‡iwQ‡jb
Zvn‡jI m„wóKZ©vi ¶gv A_ev Zvi ¶gvi R‡b¨ Zvi cÖwZ
gvby‡li K…ZÁZv Ávc‡bi K_v ejv Am¤¢e, †h‡nZz †h e¨w³
hxïL„‡ói bv‡g `xw¶Z n‡q m„wóKZ©v Zvi cvc ¶gv Kivi
Av‡MB †m ¯^sqwµqfv‡e ¶gvcÖvß n‡q hvq| G gZev` AbymiY
Kivi A_© m„wóKZ©vi AvBb Zvi ev›`v‡ì R‡b¨ Avi eva¨-
evaKZvg~jK _v‡K bv|Ñ †h‡nZz Zvi mKj cv‡ci BwZg‡a¨ c~Y©
cÖvqwðË n‡q †M‡Q| myZivs †Kvb e¨w³ Zvi hv Lywk Kivi
¯^vaxbZv †c‡q hvq| †h‡nZz hxïL„‡ói cÖvqwðË c~Y©v½ I Abš—,
myZivs mK‡jB Zvi AvIZvf~³| ZvB wPiKvjxb gyw³ AeavwiZ
n‡q hvq| Ab¨ K_vq, gvbyl‡K bZzb †Kvb kZ© †Ìqvi AwaKvi
Ck¦‡ii †bB| AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨‡Zi m¤ú~Y© g~j¨ cwi‡kva
Kiv n‡q‡Q, †m Kvi‡Y mKj FY MÖnxZvB GLb gy³| aiv hvK,
GK`j †jvK GKRb RvMwZK FY`vZvi KvQ †_‡K wecyj
cwigvY FY wb‡q‡Q Ges †Kvb GKRb Zv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c cwi‡kva
Kij| Gi ci H FY`vZvi wK IBme FY MÖnxZvi Kv‡Q Avi
†Kvb `vwe _vK‡e hviv Avi Zvi Kv‡Q FYx bq?
hxï Ck¦i bb, GKRb gvbyl, GK_v e¨³ K‡i †mvwKqvbvm
c‡iv¶fv‡e cÖvqwðË gZev` m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ Zz‡jwQ‡jb| †Kvb e¨w³B
mgMÖ gvbeRvwZi Amr ev fyj Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ cÖvqwðË Ki‡Z cv‡i
bv| G mZ¨wU GB KvíwbK gZev` LÊb Kivi R‡b¨ h‡_ó|
†mvwKqvbvm †Rvi w`‡q e‡j‡Qb †h hxï GKRb giYkxj
gvbyl wQ‡jb| wZwb GK Kzgvix gv‡qi M‡f© Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi
Rxe‡bi cweÎZvi R‡b¨ wZwb Ab¨ mKj gvbyl †_‡K c„_K wQ‡jb|
wZwb Ck¦i wQ‡jb bv, wKš‘ Ck¦‡ii KvQ †_‡K †cÖiYv †c‡qwQ‡jb|
Zvi A‡jŠwKK `„wó I kw³ wQj| wKš‘ wZwb Zvi mªóv wQ‡jb bv|
Ck¦i gvbeRvwZi Kv‡Q GK wgk‡b Zv‡K †cÖiY K‡iwQ‡jb|
evB‡e‡ji mswk−ó Aby‡”Q`mg~‡ni D×„wZ I e¨vL¨vi gva¨‡g
†mvwKqvbvm Gme wek¦vm‡K mg_©b K‡ib| Zvi m~² I ewjô hyw³
hxï L„ó m¤ú‡K© GKwU †hŠw³K e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i| wZwb e‡jb, hxï
Zvi Rxe‡b mKj Ab¨vq Kv‡Ri wei“‡× weRq AR©b K‡i‡Qb| wek¦
m„wói Av‡M Zvi m„wó nqwb| cÖv_©bvi mgq hxïi mvnvh¨ Kvgbv Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i hw` bv Ck¦i wn‡m‡e Zvi Dcvmbv Kiv nq|
†mvwKqvbvm `„pZvi mv‡_ e¨³ K‡ib †h Ck¦i m‡e©v”P cÖf|y
me©kw³gvb Zvi GKgvÎ ¸b bq, wZwb mKj ¸‡Yi AwaKvix|
Ck¦‡ii wei“‡× †Kvb cÖkœ DÌvcb Kiv hvq bv| mxgv- Amx‡gi
cwigvc n‡Z cv‡i bv| myZivs Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li mKj aviYvB
Ach©vß Ges ïay G aviYvi Dci wfwË K‡i Ck¦‡ii wePvi Kiv hvq
bv| Ck¦i ¯^vaxb, ¯^-B”Qv m¤úbœ Ges gvby‡li gw¯—®‹ cÖm~Z †Kvb
AvB‡bi wZwb AvIZvaxb bb| Zuvi D‡Ïk¨ Ges Zvi B”Qv gvby‡li
A‡MvPi| wZwb gvby‡li Ges Ab¨ mKj wel‡qi Dci m‡e©v”P KZ©…Z¡
m¤úbœ Ges me wKQyB Zuvi B”Qvaxb| wZwb Aš—‡ii Aš—¯’‡j jywK‡q
ivLv †Mvcb K_vwUI Rv‡bb| whwb B”Qvg‡Zv wewa- weavb ˆZwi
K‡ib Ges mrKvR I Amr Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ cyi¯‹vi I kvw¯— cÖ`vb
K‡ib| e¨w³ wn‡m‡e gvbyl‡K B”Qvi ¯^vaxbZv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘
Kvh©Z †m ¶gZvnxb|
†mvwKqvbvm e‡jb, mKj wKQyi Dci m‡e©v”P ¶gZvi AwaKvix
mËv GKR‡bi †ewk n‡Z cv‡ib bv| myZivs wZbRb me©kw³gv‡bi
K_v ejv A‡hŠw³K| Ck¦i GKRbB, msL¨vqI wZwb GK| Ck¦‡ii
msL¨v †Kvb µ‡gB GKvwaK bq| cÖwZwU e¨w³i wbR¯^ eyw×e„wËK
mËv i‡q‡Q| Ck¦i hw` msL¨vq wZbRbB n‡eb Zvn‡j wZbwU ¯^Zš¿
e¨w³mËv I _vKvi K_v| hw` GUvB ejv nq †h GKwU gvÎ mËvB
weivRgvb Zvn‡j GUvI mZ¨ †h msL¨vi w`K w`‡qI Ck¦i GKRbB|
†mvwKqvbvm †h hyw³ w`‡q wÎZ¡ev‡ì welq LÊb K‡i‡Qb Zv
nj hxïi GKB mv‡_ `yÕwU êwkó¨ _vKv m¤¢e bq| wZwb e‡jb, GKB
e¨w³i g‡a¨ `yÕwU wecixZ ¸Y ev êwkó¨ m¤úbœ mËvi mgv‡ek NU‡Z
cv‡i bv| Avi G ai‡bi êwkó¨¸‡jv nj giYkxjZv I A-
giYkxjZv, Avw` I Abvw`, cwieZ©b I cwieZ©bnxbZv| Avevi `yÕwU
êwkó¨ hvi cÖwZwU GKwU c„_K e¨w³mËv MV‡b m¶g, GK e¨w³i
g‡a¨ Zv‡ì mgš^q Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB GKR‡bi cwie‡Z©
cÖ‡qvR‡bi ZvwM‡`B G‡¶‡Î `yÕe¨w³i D™¢e N‡U Ges cwiYwZ‡Z
`yÕRbB hxï L„‡ó cwiYZ nb| GKRb Ck¦i, Ab¨Rb gvbyl| PvP©
e‡j †h whïwLª‡÷i Hk¦wiK I gvbweK mËv i‡q‡Q †hgbwU gvbyl
†`n I AvZ¥vi mgš^‡q MwVZ| †mvwKqvbvm Reve †`b †h Df‡qi
g‡a¨ Zzjbv P‡j bv| †Kbbv GKRb gvby‡li †¶‡Î †`n I AvZ¥v
Ggbfv‡e mshy³ †h GKRb gvbyl ïay bv AvZ¥v bv kixi| ïay AvZ¥v
ev ïay †`n w`‡q †Kvb gvbyl m„wó nq bv| c¶vš—‡i Hkxkw³ wb‡RB
cÖ‡qvR‡b GKwU gvbyl m„wó K‡i| GKBfv‡e gvbyl wb‡RI GK c„_K
e¨w³‡K m„wó K‡i|
†mvwKqvbvm e‡jb, ïay ZvB bq, GUv evB‡e‡ji Kv‡QI
MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv †h hxï L„‡ói Hk¦wiK êwkó¨ _vK‡Z n‡e|
cÖ_gZ, Ck¦i hxï‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb| wØZxqZ, evB‡e‡ji g‡Z Zvi
meB Ck¦‡ii `vb| PZz_©Z, evB‡e‡j my®úófv‡e Avfvm †Ìqv
n‡q‡Q †h hxï mKj A‡jŠwKK NUbvi Drm wn‡m‡e Zvi wb‡Ri ev
†Kvb Hk¦wiK ¸‡bi K_v D‡jL K‡ibwb, eis Ck¦i‡KB Gm‡ei
Drm e‡j e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| hxï wb‡RI Ck¦‡ii B”Qvi welqwU ¯^xKvi
K‡i‡Qb|
†ijvÛ (Reland)- Gi ÔwnóvwiKvj A¨vÛ wµwUKvj
wi‡d¬Kkbm Avcb †gvnv‡gWvwbRg GÊ †mvwKqvwbRgÕ
(Historical and Critical Reflections upon
Mohammedanism and Socianism) MÖ‡š’ ivKvwfqvb
K¨v‡ZwmRg m¤úwK©Z e³‡eï wKQy Ask bx‡P †`qv nj:
whïwLª÷‡K Ck¦i e‡j wek¦vm Kivi K_v hviv e‡jb Zv ïay
mwVK hyw³i wecixZB bq, GgbwK Zv cweÎ evB‡e‡jI
cwicš’x Ges hviv wek¦vm K‡i †h ïay wcZvB bb, Zvi cyÎ Ges
cweÎ AvZ¥vI GKB Ck¦‡ii g‡a¨ Îqx mËv, ZvivI gvivZ¥K
åvwš—i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q... Ck¦‡ii mËv AZ¨š— mnR Ges m¤ú~Y©
GKK| myZivs Zviv hw` wZb ¯^Zš¿ e¨w³ n‡q _v‡Kb Zvn‡j
Av‡iKRb Ck¦‡ii K_v ejv G‡Kev‡iB ci¯úi we‡ivax Ges
wcZv Zvi wbR¯^ mËvq GKwU mš—v‡bi Rb¥`vb K‡i‡Qb e‡j
Avgv‡ì cÖwZc‡¶i `ye©j ¶z`ª hyw³ D™¢U I AcÖvmw½K...
wbwmqvi KvDwÝ‡ji mgq ch©š— mKj mgq Ges wKQy mgq ciI
mgmvgwqK‡ì †jLvq wcZv Ck¦i‡KB cÖK…Z Ck¦i e‡j ¯^xKvi
Kiv nZ e‡j †`Lv hvq| hviv wecixZ g‡Zi AwaKvix wQ‡jb,
†hgb mv‡ewjqvb (Sabellian) Ges Zvi mggbv‡ì cÖPwjZ
ag©gZ we‡ivax e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡Zv... whïwLª÷ we‡ivax †PZbv
L„óxq Pv‡P©i g‡a¨ mePvB‡Z †ewk gvivZ¥K fy‡ji cÖPjb K‡i‡Q
GB gZev‡` †h Ck¦‡ii AZ¨š— mnR mËvq i‡q‡Q wZb Rb
¯^Zš¿ e¨w³ hv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KB GK GKRb Ck¦i Ges wcZvB ïay
GKgvÎ cÖK…Z Ck¦i bb, cyZ Ges cweÎ AvZ¥vI Aek¨B GKB
iKg Ck¦i| m‡Zï Gi †P‡q AwaK Aev¯—e, AwaK Am¤¢e Ges
Acjvc Avi n‡Z cv‡i bv... L„óvbivI wek¦vm K‡i †h hxï L„ó
Avg‡ì cv‡ci cÖvqwð‡Ëi R‡b¨B g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb Ges
Avgv‡ì cv‡ci övjb K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ GB gZ wg_¨v, åvwš—cY~ ©
I ¶wZKviK|24
†mvwKqvbvm e‡j‡Qb †h wÎZ¡ev` MÖn‡Yi Ab¨Zg GKwU KviY
nj †cŠËwjK `k©b| †Uvj¨v‡Ûi Òw` bvRv‡iwbmÓ (Nazarenes)
MÖ‡š’ †m Avfvm †Ìqv n‡q‡Q:
†mvwKqvbv‡mi gZvbymvix Ges Ab¨vb¨ GKZ¡vev`xiv AZ¨š—
Av¯’vi mv‡_ e‡jb †h hviv Bqvû`x m¤úÖ`vq fy³ wQj bv ZvivB
L„óa‡g© Zv‡ì mv‡eK GKvwaK Ck¦iev` I g„Z gvbyl‡K Ck¦iZ¡
Av‡iv‡ci gZev` cÖPjb K‡i‡Q: G¸‡jv‡Z L„óa‡g©i bvg envj
i‡q‡Q wKš‘ wel‡qi Avg~j cwieZ©b n‡q †M‡Q Ges mKj gZ I
cÖ_vi mv‡_ msMwZ †i‡L wb‡R‡ì ¯^v‡_© I cÖ‡qvR‡b Giv Zv Kv‡R
jvMv‡”Q|25
GUv my¯úó †h †mvwKqvbv‡mi iPbv e¨vcKfv‡e M„nxZ n‡qwQj|
wZwb Rbmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q hxï †K wQ‡jb Ges Kx Rb¨ wZwb
G‡mwQ‡jb †m e¨vcv‡i mwVK wPÎB ïay Zz‡j a‡ibwb, Dciš‘
gvby‡li Dci PvP© †h wecyj ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM KiZ, Zvi AwaKvskB
aŸsm K‡iwQ‡jb| †mvwKqvbv‡mi †kÖôZ¡ GLv‡b †h wZwb Ggb GK
ag©g‡Zi aviK wQ‡jb hv wQj †hŠw³K Ges evB‡ejwfwËK| Zvi
we‡ivax‡ì c‡¶ Zvi gZvgZ evwZj Kiv AZ¨š— KwVb wQj|
D`vniY wn‡m‡e GKwU NUbvi K_v ejv hvq| 1680 L„. †ifv‡iÊ
RR© A¨vkI‡qj (Ashwell) hLb †`L‡jb †h †mvwKqvbv‡mi
MÖš¸
’ ‡jv Zvi QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ AZ¨š— RbwcÖq n‡q DV‡Q ZLb wZwb
wb‡R †mvwKqvb a‡g©i Dci GKwU MÖš’ iPbvi wm×vš— †bb|
†mvwKqvbvm m¤ú‡K© Zvi g~j¨vqb AZ¨š— †KŠZzn‡jvÏxcK †h‡nZz
wZwb G g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb GKRb kÎ“ wn‡m‡e:
G m¤úÖ`v‡qi cÖwZôvZv I c„ô‡cvlK GK AZ¨š— gnr e¨w³ hvi
g‡a¨ mKj ¸‡Yi mgv‡ek N‡UwQj Ges wZwb gvby‡li kÖ×v I cÖksmv
AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| hv‡ì mv‡_ wZwb K_v ej‡Zb Zv‡ì mKj‡KB
wZwb gy» Ki‡Zb| wZwb mK‡ji g‡b kÖ×v I fv‡jvevmvi Qvc
†i‡LwQ‡jb| wZwb Zvi cÖwZfvi †kÖôZ¡ cÖ`k©b K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvi hyw³
web¨vm wQj AZ¨š— †Rviv‡jv, wZwb wQ‡jb weivU evM¥x| Zvi m`&¸Y
mK‡ji Kv‡QB wQj AmvaviY| Zvi gnr PwiÎ I Rxeb wQj
D`vniY‡hvM¨ Ges †m Kvi‡YB wZwb gvby‡li kÖ×v jvf K‡i‡Qb|
Gme K_v ejvi ci A¨vkI‡qj e‡j‡Qb †h †Kvwmqvbvm wQ‡jb
ÒkqZv‡bi eo duvm ev duv`|Ó 26
Z‡e AvR‡Ki w`‡b eû L„óvbB †mvwKqvbvm m¤ú‡K© †ifv‡iÊ
A¨vkI‡q‡ji ¯^we‡ivax gš—‡eï mv‡_ GKgZ bb| Kvh©Z
†mvwKqvbv‡mi cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZ e¨vcKfv‡e evo‡Q| †h wbg©gfv‡e GB
gZev` `gb Kiv n‡qwQj Zv‡Z A‡b‡Ki mnvbyf~wZiB D‡`ªK K‡i|
Dciš‘ wÎZ¡ev‡ì cÖwZ mywbw`©ó weiƒc cÖwZwµqv i‡q‡Q| eû wPš—vkxj
L„óvb †mvwKqvbv‡mi wek¦vm‡K mg_©b Ges hxïL„ó‡K Ck¦i †NvlYvi
ag©gZ‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Qb|
Rb weWj (John Biddle) 1615-1662 L„.
Bsj¨v‡Ê GKZ¡ev‡ì RbK Rb weWj 1615 L„. Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
wZwb AZ¨š— †gavex QvÎ wQ‡jb| wZwb we`¨veyw×‡Z Zvi wk¶K‡ì
Qvwo‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb Ges wb‡RB wb‡Ri wk¶‡K cwiYwZ n‡qwQ‡jb
e‡j ewY©Z Av‡Q| 22 wZwb 1634 L„. A·‡dvW© wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ©
nb| 1638 L„. wZwb we.Gm. Ges 1641 L„. Gg.Gm. wWwMÖ jvf
K‡ib| A·‡dvW© Z¨v‡Mi ci wZwb M−†y Póv‡i †mÈ †gwi `¨ wµcm wd«
¯‹z‡j wk¶K wbhy³ nb| GLv‡b wZwb Zvi ag© wek¦vm cybwe©‡ePbv
Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib Ges G ch©v‡q wÎZ¡ev`x ag©g‡Zi êaZvi e¨vcv‡i
Zvi g‡b m‡›`n RvM‡Z ïi“ K‡i| †m mgq †mvwKqvbv‡mi gZ I
iPbv Bsj¨v‡Ê †cuŠQ‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj| wZwbI BD‡ivcxq
GKZ¡ev`x‡ì Øviv cÖfvweZ nb| ivRv †Rgm‡K DrmM© Kiv
iv‡Kvwfqvb K¨v‡_wmRg Gi j¨vwUb fvlvq Abyw`Z GKwU MÖš’
Bsj¨v‡Û †cÖiY Kiv nq| 1614 L„. Rj−v` cÖKv‡k¨ Zv cywo‡q †`q|
hwÌ MÖš’wU cywo‡q †djv nq wKš‘ Zvi welqe¯‘ Rbg‡b AvMÖ‡ni
m„wó K‡i| G NUbvi wb›`v Rvbv‡bvi c`‡¶c †bqv nq| µgI‡q‡ji
Aax‡b KvDwÝj Ae †óU KZ©…K Rb I‡qb‡K †mvwKqvbv‡mi ag©gZ
LÊ‡bi `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv nq| wZwb e‡jb, †f‡ev bv †h Gme
wRwb‡mi mv‡_ †Zvgv‡ì m¤úK© AwZ mvgvb¨| kqZvb GLb ìRvq
G‡m ùvwo‡q‡Q| GLb Bsj¨v‡Êi GKwU bMi, kni ev MÖvgI †bB
†hLv‡b G wel‡q wKQy bv wKQy Ask Qwo‡q c‡owb|28
Pv‡P©i M„nxZ ag©gZ mgybœZ ivLvi G †Póv we‡ivwaZvi m¤§yLxb
nq| BDwjqvg wjwjsIqv_© (1602-1644L„.) gvby‡li wbh©vZb,
cywo‡q gviv, Awfkvc cÖ`vb I ¶wZ Kivi gZ AcKg©¸‡jv‡K Ck¦i
KZ©…K gvby‡li R‡b¨ wba©vwiZ bq e‡j wb›`v K‡ib| 29 †R‡iwg †Uji
I wgjUb Df‡qB e‡jb †h ag© wek¦v‡mi AbymiY ag©‡`ªvwnZv bq|
†KD hw` Amr D‡Ïk¨ Øviv cÖfvweZ nq Zvn‡j †mUvB ¶wZKi|30
G weZK© Qwo‡q c‡o Ges wÎZ¡ev‡ì Abymvixiv Av‡iv c`‡¶c MÖnY
K‡i| 1640 L„. Ryb gv‡m K¨v›Uvi‡ewi I Bq‡K©i m‡¤§j‡b
†mvwKqvbv‡mi MÖš’mg~‡ni Avg`vwb, gy`Yª I weZiY wbwl× †`qv nq
Ges ûuwkqvi K‡i †`qv nq †h G ag©g‡Z †KD wek¦vm ¯’vcb Ki‡j
Zv‡K wMR©v n‡Z ewn®‹vi Kiv n‡e| GK`j †jLK I eyw×Rxex G
wm×v‡š—i wb›`v Ki‡jI djcÖm~ nqwb|
cybg©~j¨vqb I bZzb cix¶vi G cwi‡e‡k we‡kl K‡i wÎZ¡ev`mn
wewfbœ wel‡q weW‡ji wb‡Ri g‡ZI cwieZ©b mvwaZ nq| wZwb Zvi
Dcjä wek¦vm m¤ú‡K© †LvjvLywj K_vevZ©v ej‡Z _v‡Kb| Gi dj
wn‡m‡e g¨vwR‡óªUMY 1644 L„. Zv‡K wjwLZfv‡e ag©xq ¯^xKv‡ivw³i
wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡ib| Lye mnR fvlvq wZwb †mUv K‡ib| Avwg wek¦vm
Kwi Ck¦i bv‡g GKRbB me©kw³gvb mËv i‡q‡Qb| myZivs Ck¦i
GKRbB|31
weWj G mgq GKwU cÖPvicÎI cÖKvk K‡ib| Gi wk‡ivbvg
wQj, ÒcweÎ AvZ¥vi Ck¦iZ¡ LÊb K‡i 12 wU hyw³Ó (Twelve
Arguments Refuting the Deity of the Holy Spirit)
ÒL„óvb cvVK mgvR‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i GwU cÖKvk Kiv nq| 1645 L„.
G MÖš’wU AvUK Ges weWj‡K KvivMv‡i Aš—wib Kiv nq| Zv‡K
cvj©v‡g‡›Ui mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z nIqvi Rb¨ Zje Kiv nq, wKš‘ wZwb
cweÎ AvZ¥v‡K Ck¦i wn‡m‡e †g‡b wb‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡ib| 1647 L„.
wZwb Avevi cÖPvicÎ cybg©y`Yª K‡ib| G eQiB 6 †m‡Þ¤î
cvj©v‡g›U cÖPvicÎ¸‡jv cywo‡q †`qvi R‡b¨ Rj−v`‡K wb‡`©k †`q
Ges Zv cvwjZ nq| 1648 mv‡ji 2 †g GK K‡Vvi Aa¨v‡`k Rvwi
Kiv nq| G‡Z ejv nq †h †KD hw` wÎZ¡ev‡`, A_ev hxï A_ev
cweÎ AvZ¥v‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i, Zv‡K g„Zz¨`Ê †Ìqv n‡e|
†h MÖ‡š’i Kvi‡Y GB K‡Vvi kvw¯—i weavb Rvwi Kiv nq, †mB
ÒUz‡qjf Av¸©‡g›UmÓ Gi mvivsk wbgœiƒc:
1) †h Ck¦i †_‡K c„_K †m Ck¦i bq
cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i †_‡K c„_K
AZGe, cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bq|
weWj wb‡æv³ e³‡eï gva¨‡g G hyw³i e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡ib:
cÖavb m~ÎwU AZ¨š— my¯úó †h hw` Avgiv ewj †h cweÎ
AvZ¥vB Ck¦i Ges Zvici hw` Zv‡K Ck¦i †_‡K ¯^Zš¿,
mgMÖ evB‡ej Zv Øviv mgw_©Z| cweÎ AvZ¥v e¨w³ wn‡m‡e
Ck¦i †_‡K wfbœ wKš‘ mËv wn‡m‡e bq, Giƒc hyw³B hyw³
wei“×|
cÖ_gZ, †Kvb gvby‡li c‡¶ Ck¦i mËv †_‡K e¨w³‡K c„_K
Kiv Ges Zvi g‡b `yÕwU ev wZbwU mËv‡K VuvB †Ìqv
Am¤¢e| Gi dj wn‡m‡e †m `yÕRb Ck¦i i‡q‡Q e‡j wm×vš—
wb‡Z eva¨ n‡e|
wØZxqZ, e¨w³‡K hw` Ck¦‡ii mËv †_‡K c„_K Kiv nq
ZLb e¨w³ GK ai‡bi ¯^vaxb e¯‘ n‡q DV‡e Ges Zv nq
mxgve× bq A-mxgve× n‡e| hw` mxgve× nq Zvn‡j
Ck¦iI GKRb mxgve× mËv †h‡nZz PvP© Abymv‡i Ck¦‡ii
ga¨Kvi mewKQyB ¯^qs Ck¦i| myZivs G‡¶‡Î wm×vš— n‡e
Aev¯—e| hw` A-mxgve× nq Zvn‡j Ck¦‡ii g‡aÏ `yÕRb
A-mxgve× e¨w³ _vK‡eb A_©vr `yÕRb Ck¦i hv Av‡Mi
hyw³i †P‡q Av‡iv Aev¯—e|
Z…ZxqZ, Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© ˆbe©¨w³K wKQy ejv nvm¨Ki †h‡nZz
cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³ KZ©…K GK_v ¯^xK…Z †h Ck¦i GKRb e¨w³i
bvg whwb me©kw³gvb kvmbKvix... GKRb e¨w³ Qvov †KD
Ab¨‡ì Dci kvmb we¯—vi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| myZivs Zv‡K
e¨w³i e`‡j Ab¨ wKQy wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kivi A_© wZwb hv bb
Zv‡K †m wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv|
2) whwb BmivBj‡ì cweÎ AvZ¥v w`‡qwQ‡jb wZwb wh‡nvfv
myZivs cweÎ AvZ¥v wh‡nvfv ev Ck¦i bb|
3) whwb wb‡Ri K_v e‡jb bv wZwb Ck¦i bb|
cweÎ AvZ¥v wb‡Ri K_v e‡jb bv|
myZivs cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bb|
4) whwb wk¶v jvf K‡ib wZwb Ck¦i bb
whwb wK ej‡eb Zv A‡bï
KvQ †_‡K †kv‡bb †mUvB nj wk¶v
hxï L„ó ZvB ej‡Zb hv Zv‡K ejv nZ|
myZivs hxï Ck¦i bb|
GLv‡b weWj R‡bi Mm‡cj (8 : 26) D×„Z K‡i‡Qb †hLv‡b
hxï e‡j‡Qb: ÒAvwg Zuvi (Ck¦i) KvQ †_‡K hv ï‡bwQ †m me K_vB
ewj|Ó
5) R‡bi Mm‡cj-G (16 : 14) hxï e‡jb :
Ck¦i wZwb whwb mKj‡K me wKQy w`‡q‡Qb|
whwb A‡bï KvQ †_‡K wKQy MÖnY
K‡ib wZwb Ck¦i bb|
6) whwb Ab¨ KZ©…K †cÖwiZ wZwb Ck¦i bb|
cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i †cÖwiZ|
7) whwb mewKQy w`‡Z cv‡ib bv wZwb Ck¦i bb|
whwb Ck¦‡ii `vb, wZwb me©`vZv bb
wZwb wb‡RB Ck¦‡ii cÖ`Ë `vb
wKQy `vb Kiv `vZvi kw³ I wbR¯^ B”Qvaxb
myZivs GUv Kíbv KivB Aev¯—e
†h Ck¦i Kv‡iv kw³ I B”Qvaxb|
GLv‡b weWj †cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh©vejx 17 : 25 D×„Z K‡i‡Qb :
Ck¦i mKj‡K w`‡q‡Qb cÖvY, k¦vm- cÖk¦vm Ges mewKQy|
8) whwb ¯’vb cwieZ©b K‡ib wZwb Ck¦i bb
cweÎ AvZ¥v ¯’vb cwieZ©b K‡ib
weWj GB hyw³i e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Qb Gfv‡e : Òhw` Ck¦i ¯’vb
cwieZ©b K‡ib Zvn‡j †hLv‡b wZwb Av‡M wQ‡jb †mLv‡b wZwb
_vK‡eb bv Ges †hLv‡b wZwb Av‡M wQ‡jb bv †mLv‡b hvÎv ïi“
Ki‡eb| GUv Zvi me©Î weivRgvb _vKv I Ck¦i‡Z¡i we‡ivax|
myZivs hxïi Kv‡Q whwb G‡mwQ‡jb wZwb Ck¦i bb eis Ck¦‡ii bv‡g
GKRb ¯^M©xq `~Z|
9) whwb wm×v‡š—i R‡b¨ hxïi Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv
K‡ib wZwb Ck¦i bb
cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bb|
10) †ivgxq 10 : 14 G ejv n‡q‡Q:
Òhvi K_v Zviv †kv‡bwb Zv‡K Zviv Kxfv‡e wek¦vm Ki‡e?
gvbyl
hvi cÖwZ wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡iwb, ZeyI wQj Zviv Abymvix|Ó
hvi cÖwZ wek¦vm ¯’vwcZ nqwb wZwb Ck¦i bb|
gvbyl cweÎ AvZ¥vi cÖwZ wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡iwb
ZeyI Zviv Zvi Abymvix
11) whwb A‡bï gvidZ Ck¦‡ii K_v Rvb‡Z cv‡ib. †hgb hxï,
wZwb hv ej‡eb Zv Ck¦i †_‡K ¯^Zš¿|
whwb Ck¦‡ii KvQ †_‡K wb‡`©k MÖnY K‡ib
I e‡jb Zv Ck¦‡ii wk¶v
cweÎ AvZ¥v †mUvB K‡ib
AZGe cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bb|
12) Ck¦i †_‡K whwb ¯^Zš¿ B”Qv iv‡Lb wZwb Ck¦i bb
cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i †_‡K ¯^Zš¿ B”Qv iv‡Lb
GLv‡b weWj †ivgxq 8 : 26-27 D×„wZ K‡i‡Qb hv‡Z ejv
n‡q‡Q : ÒAbyiƒcfv‡e cweÎ AvZ¥v Avgv‡ì cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z
wkwL‡q‡Qb, KviY Avgiv Zv RvbZvg bv| cweÎ AvZ¥v Avgv‡ì Rb¨
KvZifv‡e cÖv_©bv K‡i‡Qb... Ck¦‡ii B”Qvbyhvqx mvay- mš—‡ì
R‡bÏ wZwb mycvwik K‡i‡Qb|Ó
weWj wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui GKwU †k−vKI Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb hv
cÖwZwôZ PvP© wÎZ¡ev‡ì e¨vcv‡i Zv‡ì mg_©‡b D×„Z K‡i _v‡K|
Zv nj R‡bi Mm‡c‡j (5 t7) ejv n‡q‡Q : Ò3wU welq i‡q‡Q hv
Hkx| †m¸‡jv nj wcZv Ck¦i, evYx I cweÎ AvZ¥v| Avi GB wZ‡b
wg‡j GK|Ó weWj e‡jb, G †k−vK mvaviY Áv‡b ci¯úi we‡ivax|
Dciš‘ Zv ag©MÖš¸ ’ ‡jvi Ab¨vb¨ †k−v†KiI we‡ivax| ZvQvov GUv
Zv‡ì HKgZ¨‡KB Zz‡j a‡i, KL‡bvB mËvi bq| Z`ycwi, GgbwK
cÖvPxb MÖxK Mm‡c‡jI G †k−vKwU †`Lv hvq bv †hgb Zv †bB wmixq
Abyev‡` Ges AwZ cÖvPxb j¨vwUb ms¯‹i‡Y| ZvB g‡b nq †h G †k−-
vKwU ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges †m Kvi‡Y cÖvPxb I AvaywbK Kv‡ji
e¨vL¨vKvi MY Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Qb| 32
1648 mv‡ji AvBb m‡Ë¡I weWj Giv `yÕwU MÖš’ cÖKvk K‡ib
Ges G Kvi‡Y nq‡Zv Zv‡K duvwm‡Z Szj‡Z nZ hw` bv cvj©v‡g‡›Ui
K‡qKRb wbi‡c¶ m`m¨ Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zb| GKwU cyw¯—Kvi bvg
wQj ÒG Kb‡dkb Ae †dB_ UvwPs w` nwj wUªwbwU A¨vKwW©s Uz w`
w¯ŒcPviÓ (A confession of Faith Touching the Holy
Trinity According to the Scirpture)| 6wU cÖeÜ wb‡q G
MÖš’wU cÖYxZ n‡qwQj| cÖwZwU cÖeÜB iwPZ n‡qwQj evB‡e‡ji D×„wZ
I Zvi hyw³-ZK© w`‡q| f~wgKvq wZwb wÎZ¡ev`x ag©g‡Zi Kvi‡Y m„ó
¶wZi K_v ewjôZvi mv‡_ e¨³ K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb †h wÎZ¡ev`x‡ì
eëüZ hyw³mg~n L„óvb‡ì †P‡q Rv`yKi‡ì R‡b¨ †ewk Dchy³| 33
weWj Gi GB ÒKb‡dkb Ae †nB_Ó MÖ‡š’i wKQy Ask D×„Z Kiv
nj:
Avwg wek¦vm Kwi †h GKRb m‡e©v”P Ck¦i i‡q‡Qb whwb ¯^M© I
c„w_exi mªóv Ges mKj e¯‘i g~j Drm Ges wZwbB Avg‡ì P~ovš—
wek¦vm I cÖv_©bvi j¶¨| Avwg hxï‡Z wek¦vm Kwi G ch©š— †h wZwb
Avgv‡ì fvB n‡Z cv‡ib Ges Avgv‡ì `ye©jZvi cÖwZ Zvi i‡q‡Q
mnvbyf~wZ †h Kvi‡Y Avgv‡ì mvnv‡hï R‡b¨ wZwb AwaK cÖ¯‘Z|
wZwb GKRb gvbyl gvÎ| wZwb mªóvi Aaxb| wZwb Ab¨ GKRb Ck¦i
bb| Ck¦i `yÕRb bq|
cweÎ AvZ¥v GKRb ¯^M©xq `~Z whwb Zvi gnË¡ I Ck¦‡ii mv‡_
Nwbô m¤ú‡K©i Kvi‡Y Ck¦‡ii evYx en‡bi R‡b¨ wbe©vwPZ
n‡q‡Qb|34
G mgq weWj Ab¨ †h MÖš’wU cÖKvk K‡ib †mwUi bvg Ôw`
†UwógwbR Ae Bivwbqvm, Rvwób gvwU©qvi Kbmvwb©s Iqvb MW A¨vÛ
w` cvimbm Aew` nwj wUªwbwU (Testimonies of Iraneus,
Justin Martyr Etc. Conerning one God and the
Persons of the Holy Trinity)|
KvivMv‡i `xN©w`b A‡c¶vi ci GKRb g¨vwR‡óªU weW‡ji
Rvwgb gÄyi K‡ib Ges wZwb Kvivgy³ nb| wbivcËvi Kvi‡Y D³
g¨vwR‡óª‡Ui bvg †Mvcb ivLv nq| wKš‘ weWj †ewkw`b gy³ Rxeb
KvUv‡Z cv‡ibwb| Zv‡K Avevi KvivMv‡i wb‡¶c Kiv nq| Gi
ciciB g¨vwR‡óªU ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib| wZwb weW‡ji R‡b¨ mvgvb¨
m¤ú` †i‡L hvb| Kviv Rxe‡bi e¨vq †gUv‡Z Lye wkMwMiB Zv
wbt‡kl n‡q hvq| wKQyKv‡ji weW‡ji Avnvi mKvj I mÜ¨vq mvgvb¨
cwigvY `y‡a gvÎ G‡m †V‡K| Z‡e G mgq KvivMv‡i _vKv Ae¯’vq
evB‡e‡ji MÖxK Abyev‡ì GKwU bZzb ms¯‹i‡Yi cÖ“d †`‡L †Ìqvi
R‡b¨ jÊ‡bi GKRb cÖKvkK Zv‡K cÖ“dwiWvi wbhy³ Kivq weW‡ji
Avw_©K Ae¯’vi wKQyUv DbœwZ N‡U| 1652 L„. ¶gv cÖ`k©b AvBb cvm
n‡j weWj gyw³ jvf K‡ib| G eQiB AvgóvW©v‡g iv‡Kvwfqvb
K¨v‡_wmRg Gi GKwU Bs‡iwR Abyev` cÖKvwkZ nq| Awej‡¤^B Zv
Bsj¨v‡Ê RbwcÖq n‡q I‡V|
weWj 1654 L„. AvgóvW©v‡g GKZ¡ev` wel‡q cybivq GKwU MÖš’
cÖKvk K‡ib| Bsj¨v‡Ê G MÖš’wUI e¨vcKfv‡e cwVZ nq| ¯^vaxb
Rxe‡bi G mgqKvjwU‡Z weWj cÖwZ iweevi Zv‡ì wbR¯^ ixwZ‡Z
Ck¦‡ii Dcvmbvi R‡b¨ Ab¨vb¨ GKZ¡ev`xi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡Zb|
G‡Z hviv †hvM`vb Ki‡Zb Zviv Avw` cv‡ci aviYv I cÖvqwðË
gZev‡` wek¦vmx wQ‡jb bv| 1654 L„. 13 wW‡m¤î weWj‡K cybivq
†MÖdZvi K‡i KvivMv‡i cvVv‡bv nq| Zv‡K Kjg, Kvwj I KvMR
cÖ`vb wbwl× Kiv nq Ges †Kvb `k©bv_©x‡KI Zvi mv‡_ mv¶vr Kivi
AbygwZ †Ìqv nqwb| Zvi me MÖš’ R¡vwj‡q †djvi wb‡`©k †Ìqv
nq| wZwb Avwcj K‡ib Ges 1655 L„. 28 †g gyw³ cvb|
Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B weWj cybivq KZ©c … ‡¶i mv‡_ msN‡l© Rwo‡q
c‡ob| GKwU cÖKvk¨ weZK© AbywôZ nw”Qj| e³v weZ‡K©i ïi“‡ZB
wRÁvmv K‡ib †h hxï‡K m‡e©v”P Ck¦i e‡j Awek¦vm K‡ib Ggb
†Kvb e¨w³ †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z Av‡Qb wKbv| weWj mv‡_ mv‡_ AZ¨š—
`„pZvi mv‡_ ej‡jb : Avwg Awek¦vm Kwi| wZwb Zvi e³‡eï
mc‡¶ hyw³ w`‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| Zvi cÖwZc¶ †mme hyw³ LÊb Ki‡Z
cvi‡jb bv| ZLb weZK© eÜ Ges Ab¨ w`b Zv cybivq AbywôZ n‡e
e‡j wm×vš— †bqv nq| weWj‡K KZ©c … ‡¶i Kv‡Q †bqv nq| weZ‡K©i
wba©vwiZ w`‡bi GKw`b Av‡M Avevi Zv‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| m¤¢eZ
†m mgq Ggb †Kvb AvBb †mLv‡b ejer wQj bv hvi e‡j Zv‡K
kvw¯— †Ìqv †hZ| Zvi eÜziv GK_v Rvb‡Zb e‡j mivmwi
µgI‡q‡ji Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Rvbv‡bvi wm×vš— wb‡jb| Zviv GKwU
Av‡e`b cÎ cÖ¯‘Z K‡i µgI‡q‡ji Kv‡Q †cÖiY K‡ib| wKš‘ Zvi
Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bvi Av‡M †m Av‡e`b cÎwU Ggbfv‡e cwiewZ©Z I
weK…Z Kiv nq †h Av‡e`bKvixiv †mUv‡K Rvj e‡j cÖKv‡k¨ `vwqZ¡
A¯^xKvi K‡ib|
µgI‡qj GB RwUj Ae¯’v †_‡K gyw³ cvIqvi cš’v wn‡m‡e
1655 L„. 5 A‡±vei weWj‡K wmwmwj‡Z wbe©vwmZ K‡ib| Zv‡K
evwK Rxeb †m›U †gwi K¨vm‡ji KvivMv‡i _vK‡Z n‡e Ges evwl©K
100 µvDb fvZv †Ìqv n‡e e‡j Rvbv‡bv nq| †mLv‡b Kvivew›`
_vKv Kv‡j weWj GKwU KweZv wj‡LwQ‡jb| Zvi wKQy Ask wbæiƒc:
¸ß mfvi êVK emj, wePviK wba©vwiZ nj,
gvbyl Av‡ivnY Kij Ck¦‡ii wmsnvm‡b
Ges Zviv GKwU wel‡qi wePvi Kij
hv ïay GKv ZviB (Ck¦‡ii) †kvfv cvq;
GKRb fvB‡qi wek¦vm‡K Zviv ejj Aciva
Ges Zviv aŸsm Kij wPš—vi gnr ¯^vaxbZv|36
weWj hZ †ewk AZ¨vPvwiZ n‡jb, PvP© mgw_©Z a‡g©i åvwš—
mg~‡ni e¨vcv‡i Zvi g‡bvfve ZZ †ewk `„p nj| Ugvb dviwgb
AZx‡ZI weWj‡K mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb weWj‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv
Ae¨vnZ †i‡L Zv‡K A_© mvnvh¨ w`‡Z _v‡Kb| Gi d‡j KvivMv‡i
Zvi RxebhvÎv hZUv m¤¢e Avivg`vqK n‡q D‡VwQj| BwZg‡a¨
weW‡ji cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZ e¨vcKfv‡e e„w× cvq| KvivMv‡i hZB w`b
AwZevwnZ n‡Z _vKj Zvi RbwcÖqZv ZZ †ewk evo‡Z _vKj|
miKvi Wv: Rb I‡qb‡K weW‡ji wk¶vi cÖfv‡ei wei“‡× cvjUv
eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi wb‡`©k †`b| wZwb GK Rwic cwiPvjbv K‡ib| G‡Z
†`Lv hvq †h wecyj msL¨K Bs‡iRB GKZ¡ev`x| Gici wZwb 1655
L„. weW‡ji ag©g‡Zi Reve cÖKvk K‡ib| µgI‡q‡ji c`‡¶c GK
w`K w`‡q weWj‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i| miKvi cÖ`Ë fvZvq weWj wQ‡jb
Zvi kÎ“‡ì bvMv‡ji evB‡i| Mfxi wPš—v I cÖv_©bvi g‡a¨ Zvi w`b
AwZevwnZ n‡Zv| 1658 L„. ch©š— wZwb †m›U †gwii `y‡M© (Castle
of St. Mary) e›`x Rxeb KvUvb| G eQi Zvi gyw³i e¨vcv‡i Pvc
e„w× cvIqvq wZwb gyw³ jvf K‡ib|
KvivMvi †_‡K evB‡i Avmvi ci ciB weWj Rbmfv Ki‡Z ïi“
K‡ib| Gme mfvq wZwb Ck¦‡ii GKZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Ges wÎZ¡ev‡ì
AmviZv wel‡q evB‡ej †_‡K D×„wZ w`‡q hyw³Ñ e¨vL¨v w`‡Zb|
Gme Rbmfv GK ch©v‡q cÖv_©bv mfvq cwiYZ nq| Bsj¨v‡Ê Av‡M
KL‡bv GgbwU †`Lv hvqwb|
1662 L„. GK mfv Pjvi gvSc‡_ weWj I Zvi K‡qKRb
m½x‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| Zv‡ì mevB‡K KvivMv‡i wb‡¶c Ges
Rvwg‡bi Av‡e`b bvgÄyi Kiv nq| ZLb Ggb †Kvb AvBb wQj bv
hv‡Z Zv‡ì kvw¯— †Ìqv hvq| ZvB, mvaviY AvB‡bB Zv‡ì wePvi
Kiv nq| weWj‡K GKkZ cvDÛ Rwigvbv K‡i D³ A_© cwi‡kva bv
Kiv ch©š— KvivMv‡i ivLvi wb‡`©k †Ìqv nq| Zvi mn‡hvMx eÜz‡ì
cÖ‡Z¨K‡K 20 cvDÛ K‡i Rwigvbv Kiv nq| KvivMv‡i weW‡ji
mv‡_ `ye©ënvi Kiv nq Ges Zv‡K e›`x ivLv nq GK wbR©b
cÖ‡Kv‡ô| KvivMv‡ii `~wlZ evZvm Ges wbtm½Zv wg‡j Zv‡K
†ivMMÖ¯— K‡i †Zv‡j| gvÎ cuvP mßv‡ni g‡a¨B Zvi g„Zz¨ N‡U|
1662 L„. 22 †m‡Þ¤î Zv‡K mgvwnZ Kiv nq|
†h eQi weW‡ji g„Zz¨ nq, †m eQiB Kvh©Ki nq mgiƒc weavb
AvBb (Act of Uniformity)| Gi A_© nj weWj †h cÖKvk¨
Dcvmbv mfvi c×wZ cÖPjb K‡iwQ‡jb Zv eÜ K‡i †Ìqv| G
AvB‡b 2,257 Rb hvRK‡K Zv‡ì RxweKv Pz¨Z Kiv nq| Zv‡ì
cwiYwZ AÁvZ| Z‡e GUv Rvbv hvq †h wÎZ¡ev`‡K †g‡b wb‡Z
A¯^xKvi Kivq Bsj¨v‡Ê Gmgq 8 nvRvi gvbyl KvivMv‡ii Aš—iv‡j
cÖvY nvivq| weW‡ji GK ¯§„wZ K_vi GK †jLK wbivcËvi Kvi‡Y
Zvi bvg AÁvZ iv‡Lb hwÌ wZwb Zv wj‡LwQ‡jb weW‡ji g„Zzï
wek eQi ci| hv‡nvK, GZwKQyi ciI GKZ¡ev` GKwU ag©gZ
wn‡m‡e wU‡K _v‡K Ges Abymvix‡ì msL¨vI e„w× cvq| Pv‡P©i a‡g©
gvbyl‡K wdwi‡q Avbvi R‡b¨ ej cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| cwiYwZ‡Z Zv
†mvwKqvbvm I weW‡ji cÖPvwiZ g‡Zi Abymvix‡ì msL¨v e„w×‡Z
mvnvh¨ K‡i| †m hy‡Mi kxl©¯’vbxq eyw×Rxex, wPš—vwe`MY †hgb
wgjUb, m¨vi AvBRvK wbDUb I jK Gi gZ e¨w³iv GK Ck¦‡i
Av¯’v e¨³ K‡ib|
GKZ¡ev` wbg©~‡ji R‡b¨ KZ©c … ¶ †h KZUv †ec‡ivqv n‡q
D‡VwQj, mswk−ó AvBb Rvwi †_‡K Zvi †gvUvgywU cwiPq cvIqv hvq|
1664 L„. GK AvB‡b Pv‡P© †h‡Z A¯^xK…wZ ÁvcbKvix mKj †jvK‡K
wbe©vmb `Ê †Ìqv nq| †KD wd‡i G‡j Zvi R‡b¨ wQj duvwm‡Z
g„Zz¨`Ê| Pv‡P©i AbygwZ Qvov cuvP ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³i Dcw¯’wZ
m¤úbœ Pv‡P©i Abby‡gvw`Z †Kvb ag©xq mfvq †hvM`vb Ki‡j Zv‡K
Rwigvbv Kiv nZ| †KD hw` G Aciva wØZxqevi KiZ Zv‡K
Av‡gwiKvq wbe©vm‡b cvVv‡bv nZ| †KD wd‡i G‡j ev cjvqb Ki‡j
Zvi kvw¯— wQj hvRK- myweavnxb g„Zz¨`Ê| 1673 L„. RvwiK…Z †Uó
A¨v‡± (Test Act) ejv nq, 1664 L„. AvB‡b Dwj−wLZ kvw¯— QvovI
hviv PvP© Ae Bsj¨v‡Êi cÖPvwjZ ag©vbyôvb cvjb Ki‡e bv Zviv
Av`vj‡Z Kv‡iv wei“‡× gvgjv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv A_ev †Kvb wePvi
cv‡e bv| †m Gici †_‡K †Kvb wkïi AwffveK n‡Z cvi‡e bv,
†Kvb `vwqZ¡cÖvß n‡e bv, †Kvb m¤ú‡ì ev †Kvb K‡g©i ev †Kvb
`vbK…Z m¤ú‡ì AwaKvix n‡Z cvi‡e bv| †KD hw` GB AvB‡bi
Aax‡b Dwj−wLZ †Kvb KvR Kivi †Póv K‡i Zvn‡j Zv‡K 5kÕ cvDÊ
Rwigvbv Kiv n‡e| 1689 L„. mwnòyZv AvBb (Toleration Act)
Rvwi nq| wKš‘ wÎZ¡ev` †g‡b wb‡Z A¯^xK…wZ ÁvcbKvix‡ì‡K GB
AvB‡bi myweav †`qv nqwb| GKZ¡ev`xiv mwnòyZv AvB‡bi
AmwnòyZvi wb›`v K‡ib| cvj©v‡g›U GKZ¡ev`‡K GK N„Y¨
ag©wei“×Zv (Obnoxious heresy) AvL¨vwqZ K‡i Gi Reve
†`q| G Aciv‡ai kvw¯— wQj mKj bvMwiK AwaKvi we‡jvcmn 3
eQ‡ii Kviv`Ê| wKš‘ GZ wKQy K‡iI gvby‡li gb †_‡K weW‡ji
cÖPvwiZ ag©gZ AcmviY Kiv hvqwb hwÌ Gme AvB‡bi d‡j eû
†jv‡Ki cÖKvk¨ ag© wek¦vm e¨³ Kiv evavMÖ¯— nq| hv‡ì c‡¶ AvBb
Agvb¨ I cÖKv‡k¨ wÎZ¡ev‡ì wb›`v Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv Zviv Zv‡ì
ag©g‡Zi cÖwZ we‡ivwaZv kvš— Kivi R‡b¨ my‡hv‡Mi A‡c¶vq _vKvi
cš’v MÖnY K‡i| †KD †KD G_vbvwmqvb ag©g‡Zi †h Ask Zv‡ì
Kv‡Q AMÖnY‡hvM¨, †m AskUzKz ev` †`q| †KD †KD Zv Ôc¨vwim
K¬vK©Õ (Parish Clerk) †K (Rb¥, g„Zz¨, weevn cÖf„wZi ZvwiL I
weeiY wjwce× Kivi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ wMR©vi †Kivwb) w`‡q Zv
cvV KivZ| Rvbv hvq †h GK e¨w³ GKwU RbwcÖq wkKvi msMx‡Zi
my‡i GwU MvIqvi gva¨‡g Zvi AkÖ×v cÖ`k©b Ki‡Zb| Ab¨ GK
hvRK AvBb Aby‡gvw`Z wÎZ¡ev` ag©gZ cv‡Vi c~‡e© e‡jb: fvBme,
GUv †m›U G_vbvwmqv‡mi ag©gZ, wKš‘ Ck¦i bv Ki“K, GUv †hb
Ab¨vb¨ gvby‡li ag©gZ bv nq|37 Z‡e mvaviYZ: GKZ¡ev`xiv
cÖKv‡k¨ Zv‡ì ag©gZ †NvlYv Kivi mvnm Ki‡Zb bv|
weWj wQ‡jb GKRb cwikÖgx cwÊZ Ges Zvi e³e¨ wQj Zvi
Mfxi Aa¨q‡bi dj| Zvi `„p wek¦vm wQj †h AKz‡Zvf‡q m‡Zï
evYx cÖKvk I cÖPv‡ii wfZi w`‡q wZwb gvby‡li †mev Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb| hw` Zvi cwiYwZ nq wb›`v I wbh©vZb, Z‡e ZvB †nvK|
wZwb `wi`ª, Kviv`Ê ev wbe©vm‡bi R‡b¨ cÖ¯‘Z wQ‡jb| wZwb
†P‡qwQ‡jb RbmvaviY `yY©xwZMÖ¯’ PvP© Z¨vM Ges †h †Kvb åvwš—‡K
cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki“K| Zvi wQj AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi mvnm|
wgjUb (Milton) 1608-74 L„.

wgjUb wQ‡jb weW‡ji mgmvgwqK| weW‡ji g‡Zi mv‡_ Zvi
eû wgj wQj, wKš‘ wZwb weW‡ji gZ ¯úófvlx wQ‡jb bv| KivMv‡i
wZwb wbw¶ß n‡Z Pvbwb| ÒwUªwURAe Uªy wiwjwRqvbÓ (Treatise of
True Religion) bvgK `yÕL‡Êi GK MÖ‡š’ wZwb e‡jb, Avwiqvb I
†mvwKqvbiv wÎZ¡ev‡ì we‡ivax e‡j Awf‡hvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zviv
evB‡ej Ges †cÖwiZ‡ì ag©gZ Abyhvqx wcZv, cyÎ I cweÎ AvZ¥vq
wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e| wÎZ¡ev‡` e¨³ wÎ-Ck¦i mn-mËv, wÎ-e¨w³Z¡‡K
Zviv ag©hvRK‡ì Avwe®‹vi wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡i Ges e‡j †h ag©MÖ‡š’
Gme †bB| Zv‡ì G wek¦vm mvaviY †cÖ‡UóvÈ g‡Zi gZB ¯^”Q I
cÖvÄj| mwVK e³‡eï ga¨ w`‡q Zviv G D”Pgv‡M©i welqwU cÖKvk
K‡i hv Rvbv AZ¨vek¨K| Zviv g‡b K‡i, wÎZ¡ev`x‡ì ZË¡Ávb
m¤^wjZ e³‡eï g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q inm¨gq m~² †KŠkj, wKš‘ evB‡e‡j
Zv mnR GK gZ gvÎ| 38
Ab¨ GKwU MÖ‡š’ wZwb Av‡iv ¯úófv‡e gZvgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb|
wZwb e‡jb †h †cvc, KvDwÝj, wekc I hvRK‡ì AwZ RNb¨
`y®‹g©Kvix I ˆ¯îvPvix‡ì mvwi‡Z †kÖYxKiY Kiv DwPZ| wZwb Av‡iv
e‡jb, wewfbœ AvBb, Abyôvb I gZev` nj ¯^vaxbZvi Dci AevwÃZ
AvMÖvmb|39
G cÖL¨vZ Kwe cÖKv‡k¨ †`‡ki kvmb KZ©c … ¶‡K AMÖvn¨ K‡ibwb,
wKš‘ wZwb wb‡R‡K Pv‡P©i †Muvovwg I AmwnòyZvi wei“‡× GKwU
cÖwZev` wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ K‡ib| †ek wKQy kxl© eyw×Rxexi gZ
wZwbI Pv‡P© hvIqv eÜ K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| wgjUb m¤ú‡K© Wv: Rbmb
e‡j‡Qb : wZwb †cÖv‡UóvÈ‡ì †Kvb kvLvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ wQ‡jb bv|
wZwb Kx wQ‡jb Zv Rvbvi PvB‡Z wZwb Kx wQ‡jb bv, Avgiv †mUvB
Rvwb| wZwb PvP© Ae †iv‡gi wKsev PvP© Ae Bsj¨v‡Êi Abymvix wQ‡jb
bv| cÖKv‡k¨ Zv‡K Dcvmbv Ki‡Z †`Lv hvqwb| Zvi ˆ`bw›`b
mgqm~wP‡Z cÖwZwU NÈv fvM Kiv wQj| †mLv‡b Dcvmbvi R‡b¨ †Kvb
mgq ivLv wQj bv| Zvi KvR Ges Zvi a¨vbB wQj Zvi Dcvmbv|40
GUv ¯úó †h Wv. Rbmb (Dr. Johnson) wgjU‡bi †jLv
GKwU MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ wQ‡jb bv| KviY wgjU‡bi g„Zzï cÖvq
†òkÕ eQi ci 1823 L„. G MÖš’wU Avwe®‹…Z nq| †nvqvBU n‡j Iì
†óU †ccvi Awd‡m (Old state paper office in whitehall)
cvÊywjwcwU Avwe®‹…Z nq| G‡Z bvg wQj : ÒG wUªwUR wi‡jwUs Uz MWÓ
(A Treatise relating to God)| wZwb hLb µgI‡q‡ji
†m‡µUvwi wQ‡jb ZLbB G MÖš’wU †jLv nq| wbtm‡›`‡n, wgjUb Zuvi
RxeÏkvq G MÖš’wU cÖKvk †nvK Zv Pvbwb|
G MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g L‡Êi wØZxq Aa¨v‡q wgjUb Ck¦‡ii ¸Yvewj Ges
wbw`©ófv‡e GKZ¡ev` cÖm‡½ wj‡L‡Qb:
ÒCk¦i‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i Ggb †jv‡Ki msL¨v G‡Kev‡i Kg bq|
Gme wb‡e©v‡aiv Aš—i †_‡K wek¦vm K‡i †h †Kvb Ck¦i †bBÓ †¯—
v¯¿ 14 : 1, A_P Ck¦i gvby‡li Aš—‡i Zvi wb‡Ri Ggb eû
cÖkœvZxZ wb`k©‡bi Qvc Gu‡K w`‡q‡Qb Ges cÖK…wZi me©Î Zvi
cwiPq Ggbfv‡e Qov‡bv i‡q‡Q †h †evam¤úbœ †Kvb e¨w³B
mZ¨ m¤ú‡K© AÁ _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| G‡Z †Kvb m‡›`nB _vK‡Z
cv‡i bv †h we‡k¦i me wKQyB myk„•Lj fv‡e cwiPvwjZ Ges Zv‡Z
i‡q‡Q GK P~ovš— I Kj¨vYKi D‡Ïk¨ hv mv¶¨ †`q †h GK
m‡e©v”P my‡hvM¨ kw³ Aek¨B c~e© †_‡K weivRgvb hvi Øviv mgMÖ
m„wóB GK mywbw`©ó j‡¶ï Rb¨ wba©vwiZ| Ck¦‡ii evYx ev` w`‡q
ïay cÖK…wZ ev eyw×‡K c_ wb‡`©kK K‡i Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© mwVK wPš—v
Kiv hvq bv| Avgv‡ì gb hZUv aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i A_ev
Avg‡ì cÖK…wZi c‡¶ hZUv enb Kiv m¤¢e, Ck¦i Zuvi m¤ú‡K©
ZZUvB cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb.... Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© hZUzKz Ávb gvby‡li
cwiÎv‡Yi R‡b¨ cÖ‡qvRb, wZwb Zv ch©vß cwigv‡Y wbR Ki“Yvq
cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb... Ck¦‡ii bvg I ¸Yvewj nq Zuvi êwkó¨
cÖKvkK, bq Zuvi Hkx kw³ I †kÖô‡Z¡i cwiPvqK|
wgjUb Gici Ck¦‡ii KwZcq ¸‡Yi weeiY w`‡q‡Qb : mZ¨,
mËv, wekvjZ¡ I AmxgZ¡, wPi ¯’vwqZ¡, AcwieZ©bxqZv,
b¨vqcivqYZv, AgiZ¡, me©Î we`¨gvbZv me©kw³gËv Ges P~ovš—iƒ‡c
GKZ¡| wZwb e‡jb, Dwj−wLZ mKj ¸‡Yi mvie¯‘ nj Zuvi GKZ¡|
Gici wgjUb evB‡ej †_‡K wb‡æv³ cÖgvY Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb :
wh‡nvfv, wZwbB Ck¦i, wZwb Qvov Avi †KD †bB (wØZxq weeiY 4 :
35)
wh‡nvfv, wZwbB ¯^M© g‡Z©i Ck¦i, Ab¨ Avi †KD †bB|
(wØZxq weeiY 5 : 39)
Avwg, ïay Avwg, AvwgB Ck¦i Ges Avgvi mv‡_ Avi †Kvb Ck¦i
†bB| (wØZxq weeiY 32 : 39)
c„w_exi mKj gvby‡li Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb †h wh‡nvfvB Ck¦i Ges Avi
†Kvb Ck¦i †bB| (1 ivRvewj 8 : 60)
wZwb Ck¦i, wZwb GK, wZwb we‡k¦i mKj mvgªv‡Rï Ck¦i|
(2 ivRvewj 19 t15)
Avwg Qvov Avi †Kvb Ck¦i Av‡Q? bv, Ck¦i GKRbB|
(whkvBq 44 : 8)
Avwg wh‡nvfv Ges Avwg Qvov †Kvb Ck¦i †bB| (whkvBq 45 : 5)
Avwg Qvov †Kvb Ck¦i †bB .... Avwg Qvov Avi †KD †bB|
(whkvBq 45 : 21)
Avwg Ck¦i Ges Avi †KD †bB| (whkvBq 45 : 22)
Dc‡iv³ D×„wZmg~n cÖm‡½ wgjUb e‡jb, A_©vr Ck¦i Qvov Avi
†Kvb mËv, e¨w³ ev †Kvb Aw¯—Z¡ †bB|
Avwg Ck¦i, Avi †KD bq| AvwgB Ck¦i Ges Avgvi gZ Avi
†KD †bB| (whkvBq 46 : 9)
wgjUb e‡jb :
ÒmsL¨vZvwË¡K GK‡Z¡i Awfbœ aviYvq msL¨vMZ w`K w`‡q
GKRb Ck¦i Ges GKRb AvZ¥v i‡q‡Qb e‡j Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li
g‡a¨ wek¦vm m„wói j‡¶¨ Gi PvB‡Z mnR, mywbw`©ó, MÖnY‡hvM¨ Avi
Kx cš’v n‡Z cv‡i? GLv‡b cÖ_gZ Ges P~ovš—fv‡e GUvB wQj h_v_©
I hyw³msMZ †h Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ wbgœnvi e¨w³wUi g¯—KI Ck¦‡ii
D‡Ï‡k¨ AebZ Kivi R‡b¨ ag©xq evYx Giƒc mnR cš’vq cÖPvi Kiv
nq †h Zvi g‡a¨ †Kvb AwbðqZv ev A¯úóZv †bB| Ab¨_vq
DcvmbvKvixiv åvwš—‡Z wKsev m‡›`‡ni g‡a¨ wbcwZZ n‡Z cviZ|
BmivBwjiv Zv‡ì weavb I bex‡ì gvidZ me©`vB GK_v Dcjwä
K‡i‡Q †h msL¨vMZ w`K w`‡q Ck¦i GKRbB Ges Zvi mg ch©v‡qi
ev Zvi †P‡q wbgœ ch©v‡qi Avi †Kvb Ck¦i †bB| ZLb ch©š—
ag©¸i“‡ì Avwef©ve nqwb hviv Zv‡ì wbR¯^ Ávbeyw× I m¤ú~Y©
¯^we‡ivax hyw³i gva¨‡g GKZ¡ev`x gZev`‡K weK…Z K‡i‡Q hwÌ
fvb K‡i †h Zviv Zv eRvq ivL‡Z PvB‡Q| wKš‘ me©kw³gvb Ck¦i
m¤ú‡K© †h K_vUv me©Rb M„nxZ Zv nj GB †h ¯^we‡ivax n‡Z cv‡i
Ggb wKQy wZwb Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| myZivs GLv‡b me©`v g‡b ivL‡Z
n‡e †h Ck¦‡ii GK‡Z¡i mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© bq Ges hv GKB mv‡_ Zvi
GKZ¡ I GKvwaKZ¡ m¤úwK©Z, Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© Ggb wKQy ejv hvq bv|
gvK© 13 : 29-32t Ò †n BmivBwjiv †kvb! Avgv‡ì whwb cÖfy wZwbB
Ck¦i GKRbB Ges wZwb Qvov Avi †Kvb Ck¦i †bB|Ó
Gici wgjUb cweÎ AvZ¥vi êwkó¨ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
wZwb e‡jb, G e¨vcv‡i evB‡e‡j wK Zvi êwkó¨ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb, G e¨vcv‡i evB‡e‡j wK Zvi êwkó¨ ev
cÖK…wZ, Kxfv‡e Zv Aw¯—Z¡kxj wKsev KLb Zvi D™¢eÑ Zvi wKQyB
ejv nqwb| wZwb e‡jb:
a‡g©i gZ GKwU AZ¨š— RwUj wel‡q wek¦vmx‡ì mvg‡b ag©
cÖe³v‡ì DwPZ Zvi cÖv_wgK ¸i“Z¡ I m‡›`nvZxZ wbðqZv A_ev
ag©MÖ‡š’i my¯úó mv‡¶ï PvB‡Z wfbœ wKQy Dc¯’vcb bv Kiv Ges
welqwU Ggbfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv hv‡Z gvbweK we‡ePbvq Zvi cÖgvY
m¤ú‡K© †Kvb cÖKvi m‡›`‡ni †Kvb AeKvk bv _v‡K ev †Kvb mskq
ev weZ‡K©i welqe¯‘ †hb bv nq|
Gici wgëb evB‡e‡ji Av‡jv‡K Zvi e³‡eï Dcmsnvi
†U‡b‡Qb : cweÎ AvZ¥v me©Á bq Ges Zv me©Î weivRgvbI bq|
GK_v ejv hvq bv †h, †h‡nZz cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦‡ii evYx I wb‡`©k
enb K‡i Av‡bb †m Ki‡Y wZwb Ck¦‡ii Ask| hw` wZwb Ck¦iB
n‡Zb Zv n‡j †Kb cweÎ AvZ¥v‡K mvš—¡bv `vbKvix (Comforter)
ejv nq whwb hxïi c‡i Avm‡eb, whwb wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© wKQy e‡jb bv
wKsev Zvi wb‡Ri bv‡g wKQy e‡jb bv Ges hvi kw³ AwR©Z (Rb 16
: 7- 14)? myZivs GUv my¯úó †h Ômvš—¡bv `vbKvixÕ Avm‡j hxïi
c‡i AvMgbKvix GKRb bex, G A‡_© Zuv‡K MÖnY bv K‡i GK
mxgvnxb weåvwš— m„wói j‡¶¨B Zv‡K cweÎ AvZ¥v GgbwK Ck¦i e‡j
AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡”Q| 14
Avwiqv‡mi mv‡_ wgjUbI GKgZ †h hxï wPiš—b bb| wZwb
e‡jb, hxï‡K m„wó Kiv ev bv Kiv Zv m¤ú~Y©B wQj Ck¦‡ii e¨vcv‡i|
wZwb e‡jb, hxï Òmg‡qi mxgve×Zvi g‡a¨BÓ Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb|
hxïi Hk¦wiK Rb¥ m¤úwK©Z gZev‡ì mg_©‡b evB‡e‡ji GKwU
cO&w³I wZwb Luy‡R cvbwb| hxï‡K e¨w³ wn‡m‡e wfbœ Ges mËv
wn‡m‡e Ck¦‡ii GKRb wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv A™¢yZ I hyw³ we‡ivax| G
gZev` ïay hyw³ we‡ivaxB bq, evB‡e‡ji mv¶¨ cÖgv‡YiI we‡ivax|
wgjUb BmivBwj RbM‡Yi mv‡_ GKgZ †cvlY K‡i‡Qb †h Ck¦i
GKRb I AwØZxq| Avi Zv GZUvB my¯úó †h Gi R‡b¨ Avjv`v
†Kvb e¨vL¨vi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv| †h GK Ck¦i GKRb ¯^- Aw¯—Z¡evb
Ck¦i Ges †h mËv ¯^-Aw¯—Z¡evb bq †m Ck¦i n‡Z cv‡i bv| wZwb
Dcmsnv‡i e‡jb :
ÒevB‡e‡ji mnR A_©‡K cwinvi A_ev Avovj Kivi R‡b¨
KwZcq e¨w³ wK †KŠkjc~Y© a~Z©Zv I cÖZviYvi AvkÖq
wb‡q‡Q Zv †`‡L wew¯§Z n‡Z nq|Ó42
wgjUb e‡jb †h cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i I hxïi †P‡qI b~¨b ¯’vbxq
†h‡nZz Zvi `vwqZ¡ nj GKR‡bi evZ©v A‡bï Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †Ìqv|
wZwb wb‡R wKQyB Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| wZwb mKj wel‡q Ck¦‡ii ev›`v
I AbyMZ| Ck¦i KZ©…K wZwb †cÖwiZ nb Ges Zv‡K Zvi wb‡Ri
m¤ú‡K© wKQy ej‡Z †Ìqv nqwb|
wgjUb Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb †h wZwb G gZ cÖKv‡k¨ e¨³ Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb bv| KviY Zv‡Z Zvi e¨w³MZ wbivcËv wecbœ n‡Z cviZ
Ges Zvi Ae¯’vI weWj I mg‡MvÎxq Ab¨‡ì gZ `y`©kvc~Y© nIqvi
Avk¼v wQj| 1611 L„. wgjU‡bi RxeÏkvq wg: †jMvU I wg:
IqvBUg¨vb (Legatt and wightman) bvgK `yÕe¨w³‡K ivRvi
Aby‡gv`bµ‡g Rxeš— cywo‡q gviv nq| Zv‡ì Aciva wQj †h Zviv
wcZv, cyÎ I cweÎ AvZ¥v‡K wb‡q cÖPvwiZ wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vmx wQ‡jb
bv| Zviv wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h hxï †hgb Ck¦‡ii cÖK…Z ¯^vfvweK mš—vb
bb †Zgwb Ck¦‡ii mËv, wPiš—bZv I me©gq ¶gZvi Abyiƒc †Kvb
¸Y Zuvi wQj bv| hxï wQ‡jb wbQK GKRb gvbyl, GKB e¨w³ mËvq
Ck¦i I gvby‡li mgwš^Z wKQy wZwb wQ‡jb bv|
wgjUb †Kb Zvi RxeÏkvq bxie wQ‡jb, G †_‡KZv eySv hvq|
Rb jK (John Locke) 1632-1704 L„.

mvgvwRK Pzw³ wel‡q wewfbœ MÖš’ iPbvi R‡b¨ mycwiwPZ Rb
†jvKI GKZ¡ev`x wQ‡jb| wKš‘ wZwbI Zv cÖKv‡k¨ †NvlYv Ki‡Z
fxZ wQ‡jb| ivR‰bwZK `„wófw½i Kvi‡Y GK ch©v‡q wZwb Bsj¨vÛ
Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| 1688 mv‡ji wec−†ei ci †`‡k wd‡i wZwb
wbwðZ K‡ib †h wZwb mivmwi PvP© kw³i we‡ivwaZv Ki‡eb bv|
KviY Gi d‡j Av‡iv wbcxob- wbh©vZ‡bi Avk¼v wQj| hyw³ mg_©‡b
Zvi cvwÊZ¨c~Y© MÖšI’ PvP© cQ›` K‡iwb| Ab¨ GKwU MÖš’ Zv‡K
†ebvgx‡Z cÖKvk Ki‡Z nq| hv †nvK, Rvbv hvq †h wZwb hxï L„‡ói
†Mvovi w`‡Ki wkl¨‡ì wk¶v Aa¨qb K‡ib Ges wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm
Kivi †Kvb hyw³ Luy‡R cvbwb| wZwb weÁvbx wbDU‡bi Nwbô eÜz
wQ‡jb| Zuvi mv‡_ Gme e¨vcvi wb‡q wZwb Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Zb †h
¸‡jvi e¨vcv‡i Zvi gZ wQj AZ¨š— weZwK©Z| †jvK I wbDU‡bi eÜz
jx †K¬qvi e‡j‡Qb, GKw`‡K GZ `¶Zv wb‡q A_ev Ab¨w`‡K GZ
fyj cÖwZwbwaZ¡, weåvwš— I AÁZv wb‡q Avi †Kvb weZwK©Z welq
Ggbfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ nqwb| Kw_Z Av‡Q †h jKB 1689 L„.
mwnòyZv AvB‡bi (Act of Toleration) cÖ‡YZv wQ‡jb|
m¨vi AvBRvK wbDUb (Sir Isac Newton) 1642-1727 L„.

myweL¨vZ Bs‡iR Kwe Av‡jKRvÊvi †cv‡ci (Alexander
pope) KweZvq wbDU‡bi eY©vX¨ Rxeb wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e:
cÖK…wZ I cÖK…wZi weavb XvKv c‡o wQj iv‡Z
Ck¦i ej‡jb ÒwbDUb m„wó nIÓ
Ges me Av‡jvwKZ nj|Ó43
wbDUb wQ‡jb Zv‡ìB GKRb hviv Zv‡ì wek¦vm‡K cÖKv‡k¨
e¨³ Kiv weP¶YZvi cwiPvqK e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zb bv| 1690 L„. Rb
5 : 7 I Zxg_xq 3 t 16 cÖm‡½ wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui e³‡eï weK…wZ
wel‡q Zvi gš—e¨ msewjZ GKwU ¶z`ª c¨v‡KU wZwb Rb j‡Ki Kv‡Q
†cÖiY K‡ib| wZwb Avkv K‡iwQ‡jb †h †h‡nZz GUv Bsj¨v‡Ê cÖKvk
Kiv wec¾bK †m Kvi‡Y Rb jK Zvi cyw¯—KvwU divmx fvlvq
Abyev` I d«v‡Ý cÖKv‡ki Kv‡R mnvqZv Ki‡eb| G cvÊywjwci bvg
wQj : ÒGb wn‡óvwiKvj GKvD›Um Ad Uz †bv‡Uej Kivckbm Ae
w¯ŒcPvi (An Historical Accounts of Two Notable
Corruptiouns of scripture)| 1692 mv‡j AÁvZbvgv e¨w³i
iPbv wn‡m‡e Gi j¨vwUb Abyev` cÖKv‡ki †Póv †bqv nq| wbDUb
e¨vcviUv ïb‡Z †c‡q G cÖKvkbv e‡Üi eë¯’v †bqvi R‡b¨ jK‡K
Aby‡iva K‡ib| KviY, Zvi aviYv wQj †h, mgqwU G cyw¯—Kv
cÖKv‡ki AbyK‚j bq|
wbDUb Zvi Ôwn‡óvwiKvj GKvbD›UmÕ MÖ‡š’ Rb 5 : 7 cÖm‡½
e‡j‡Qb :
ÒwÎZ¡ev` m¤ú‡K© †R‡iv‡gi mgq Ges Zvi Av‡M I c‡i
wek¦e¨vcx AZ¨š— kw³kvjx `xN©Kvjxb I ¯’vqx †Kvb weZ‡K©B wZb
Ck¦‡ii welqwU KL‡bvB wQj bv| GUv GLb cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki gy‡L Ges
Kv‡Ri cÖavb wfwË wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ Ges wbwðZfv‡e Zv‡ì R‡b¨B
Zv Kiv n‡q‡Q †hfv‡e Zv‡ì MÖš¸ ’ ‡jv‡Z i‡q‡Q|Ó
wbDUb Av‡iv e‡jb :
hviv †hvM¨, G e¨vcv‡i Zv‡ì †ev‡av`q nIqv DwPZ| Avgvi
c‡¶ wKQy Kiv m¤¢e bq| hw` GUv eiv nq †h Avgvi ag©MÖš’ Kx Zv
wba©viY Ges e¨w³MZ wePv‡ii †KD †bB †m‡¶‡Î †h me ¯’v‡b
we‡iva †bB †mLv‡b Avwg GUv ¯^xKvi Kwi, wKš‘ †hLv‡b we‡iva Av‡Q
†mLv‡b Avwg me‡P‡q fvj eywS, ZvB Kwi| gvbe mgv‡Ri DËß
†gRvR I Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ Ask ag©xq e¨vcv‡i wPiKvjB inm¨gqZvi
f³, Avi G Kvi‡YB Zviv hv Kg †ev‡S †mUvB †ewk cQ›` K‡i| G
ai‡bi †jv‡KivB †cÖwiZ `~Z †hvnb‡K †hfv‡e Lywk eënvi Ki‡Z
cv‡i, wKš‘ Zvi cÖwZ Avgvi Ggb kÖ×v‡eva i‡q‡Q hv‡Z Avwg wek¦vm
Kwi wZwb †h D‡Ï‡k¨ wj‡L‡Qb hv †_‡K fvjUzKz MÖnY Kiv hvq|44
wbDU‡bi g‡Z, GB AskwU Givmgv‡mi wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui Z…Zxq
ms¯‹i‡Y cÖ_g †`Lv hvq| wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb †h GB ms¯‹iY
cÖKv‡ki Av‡M GB wg_¨v AskwU wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U wQj bv| wbDUb
e‡jb, ÒZviv hLb GB ms¯‹i‡Y wÎZ¡ev` †cj ZLb Zviv wb‡RivB
wb‡R‡ì ag©MÖš’ †_‡K _vK‡j Zv Quy‡o †djj †hgb †jvKRb
cy‡iv‡bv AvjgvbvK‡K Quy‡o †d‡j| G ai‡bi cwieZ©‡bi NUbv wK
†Kvb we‡ePK e¨w³‡K mš‘ó Ki‡Z cv‡i?Ó wZwb e‡jb, Òfv½v
ev`¨h‡š¿ myi †Zvjvi gZB GUv a‡g©i Rb¨ DcKvix nIqvi cwie‡Z©
wec¾bK|Ó
1 Zxg_xq 3 : 16 cÖm‡½ wbDUb e‡jb, DËß I `xN©¯’vqx
Avwiqvb weZ‡K©i †Kvb mg‡qB GUv †kvbv hvqwb.... hviv e‡j †h
ÒCk¦i i³gvs‡mi gvby‡li g‡a¨ cÖKvwkZÓ Zviv Zv‡ì D‡Ï‡kï
P~ovš— j¶¨ nvwm‡ji R‡b¨B Zv e‡j _v‡K| 45
wbDUb Iì †Uóv‡g‡›Ui cÖZxKx ev ˆØZ e¨vL¨vi we‡ivax wQ‡jb|
wZwb me ag©MÖš’‡K mgvb kÖ×v Ki‡Zb bv| ûBób e‡jb, wZwb Ab¨
`ywU ag©MÖ‡š’i Dci GKwU M‡elYv MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib †h¸‡jv
G_vbvwmqvm weK…Z Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb| Z‡e AvR Avi Zvi †m
MÖ‡š’i †Kvb nw`m cvIqv hvq bv|
wbDUb me‡k‡l e‡jb :
†èZv (Deity) kãwU Aaxb¯’ cÖvYxKz‡ji Dci †kÖôZ¡
cÖKvkK Ges Ck¦i (God) kãwU ¯^Zù‚Z©fv‡e cÖfyZ¡ cÖKvkK|
cÖ‡Z¨K cÖfyB Ck¦i bq| GK Ava¨vwZ¥K mËvi g‡a¨ cÖvavb¨ we¯—v‡ii
gva¨‡g Ck¦‡ii cÖKvk N‡U| hw` G cÖvavb¨ mZ¨ nq Zv n‡j †m
mËvB cÖK…Z Ck¦i| GUv hw` m‡›`nc~Y© nq Z‡e Zv n‡e wg_¨v Ck¦i,
Avi hw` Zv m‡›`nvZxZ nq Z‡e wZwb n‡eb me©kw³gvb Ck¦i|46
Ugvm Ggwjb (Thomas Emlyn) 1663-1741 L„.
Ugvm Ggwjb 1663 L„. 27 †g Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib| 1678 L„.
wZwb †KgweªR Mgb K‡i †mLv‡b wk¶v mgvß K‡ib| Zvici wZwb
Wvewj‡b wd‡i Av‡mb| Lye wkMwMi wZwb †mLv‡b GKRb RbwcÖq
ag©cÖPviK n‡q D‡Vb| 1682 L„. GB hvRK cÖ_g a‡g©vc‡`k cÖPvi
K‡ib Ges cieZ©x 10 eQi GKRb ag©cÖPviK wn‡m‡e Zvi L¨vwZ
DË‡ivËi e„w× cvq| 1702 L„. Zvi ag©cÖPvi mfvi GKRb m`m¨
j¶ K‡ib †h Ggwjb wÎZ¡ev‡ì mg_©‡b eëüZ nq Ggb wKQy
mycwiwPZ e¨vL¨v I hyw³ cwinvi K‡i‡Qb| G NUbvi d‡j wÎZ¡ev‡ì
aviYvi e¨vcv‡i wZwb Kx wk¶v w`‡”Qb, †m wel‡q Zv‡K cÖ‡kœi
m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq| hLb Zv‡K mywbw`©ófv‡e G wel‡q cÖkœ Kiv nq,
ZLb wZwb †Kvb wØav QvovB †LvjvLywj Zvi gZ cÖKvk K‡ib|
wZwb ¯^xKvi K‡ib †h wZwb GKZ¡ev‡` wek¦vmx| wZwb †NvlYv
K‡ib †h Ck¦i GKK m‡e©v”P mËv Ges hxï Zvi mKj ¶gZv I
KZ©…Z¡ ïay Zuvi KvQ †_‡KB jvf K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ag©
mgv‡e‡ki †KD hw` Zvi gZ‡K AvcwËKi e‡j †`‡Lb, Z‡e wZwb
†¯^”Qvq c`Z¨vM Ki‡eb hv‡Z Zviv Zv‡ì g‡Zi mg_©bKvix GKRb
ag©cÖPviK hvRK‡K g‡bvbxZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ag©xq mgv‡e‡ki
AwaKvskB GUv PvBwQj bv, wKš‘ cwiw¯’wZ Ggb ùvovq †h wZwb
c`Z¨vM K‡ib| G‡Z AwaKvsk †jvKB `ytwLZ nq| cwiw¯’wZ hv‡Z
kvš— n‡q Av‡m †m R‡b¨ ¯^íKv‡ji R‡b¨ Zv‡K Bsj¨vÊ Mgb Ki‡Z
ejv nq| wZwb ZvB K‡ib|
Bsj¨v‡Ê 10 mßvn Ae¯’v‡bi ci wZwb Zvi cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì
Bsj¨v‡Ê wb‡q hvevi R‡b¨ Wvewjb wd‡i Av‡mb| wKš‘ Zvi Av‡MB
Zv‡K 1703 L„. †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| Zvi wei“‡× ag© we‡ivwaZvi
Awf‡hvM Avbv nq| †`Lv hvq †h wZwb “An humble Inquiry
into the Scripture account of Jesus Christ” bvgK
GKZ¡vev‡ì mg_©K GKwU MÖš’ cÖKv‡ki R‡b¨ `vqx| G NUbvq Zvi
wePv‡ii R‡b¨ †h me mv¶¨cÖgvY †LuvRv nw”Qj, Zv wg‡j †Mj| cy‡iv
cy¯—KwUB g~jZ Rb Gi Mm‡c‡ji 14 : 28 †k−v‡Ki Dci wfwË K‡i
iwPZ hv‡Z hxï e‡j‡Qb ÒwcZv Avgvi PvB‡Z †kªô|Ó Ggwjb cÖwZôv
Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb †h hxï wQ‡jb gvbyl I Ck¦‡ii gv‡S GKRb
ga¨¯’ZvKvix| Gfv‡e wZwb AZ¨š— m~² cš’vq hxï‡K Ck¦i †_‡K
c„_K K‡ib| Avi Zv Kivi gva¨‡g wÎZ¡ev‡ì aviYv‡K P~Y-© weP~Y©
K‡ib|
Ggwj‡bi we‡ivaxiv Zv‡K †`vlx cÖwZcbœ Kivi †¶‡Î mgm¨vi
m¤§yLxb nIqvq Zvi wePvi K‡qK gv‡mi R‡b¨ wcwQ‡q hvq| G
mgqwU Zvi Kv‡U KvivMv‡i| hLb P~ovš— wePvi ïi“ nj, ZLb Ò`xN©
Avj‡Lj−v cwiwnZ GK mr e¨w³Ó Zv‡K AewnZ K‡ib †h AvZ¥c¶
mg_©‡bi AbygwZ Zv‡K †Ìqv n‡e bv, eis †Kvb ÒAvBb ev †Ljv
QvovB GKwU †bK‡oi b¨vq Zv‡K avIqv K‡i †kl K‡i †djvi
R‡b¨B G Pµvš— Kiv n‡q‡Q|Ó47 myZivs wZwb †h ÒwhïwLªó m‡e©v”P
Ck¦i bbÓ GK_v †NvlYv K‡i GKwU AL¨vZ I Kj¼RbK evB‡ej
iPbv I cÖKv‡ki R‡b¨ Awfhy³ I †`vlx mve¨¯— n‡eb, Zv‡Z
we¯§‡qi wKQy †bB|48 Zv‡K GK eQ‡ii Kviv`Ê A_ev GK nvRvi
cvDÛ Rwigvbv cÖ`vbÑ G `y‡qi g‡a¨ GKwU‡K †e‡Q wb‡Z ejv nj|
Rwigvbvi A_© cwi‡kva bv Kiv ch©š— wZwb KvivMv‡i _v‡Kb| G
`Êv‡`‡ki wei“‡× wZwb Avwcj Ki‡j Zv‡K Av`vj‡Z Uvbv- †nuQov
Kiv nq Ges Rbmvavi‡Yi mvg‡b Zv‡K GKRb ag©‡`ªvnx wn‡m‡e
cÖ`k©b Kiv nq| GB AegvbbvKi AvPiY‡KI Aek¨ KZ©c … ¶ m`q
AvPiY e‡jB AvL¨vwqZ K‡iwQj, KviY wZwb hw` †¯ú‡b _vK‡Zb
Zvn‡j Zv‡K Rxeš— cywo‡q gviv nZ| hv †nvK, miKv‡ii Dci cÖPÊ
Pvc m„wó nIqvi d‡j Zvi Rwigvbv Kwg‡q 70 cvDÛ Kiv nq|
Rwigvbv cwi‡kv‡ai ci G gwjb cÖ_‡g KvivMvi Ges c‡i
Avqvij¨vÊ Z¨vM K‡ib| ag©‡`ªvnx‡ì cÖwZ G AvPiY cÖm‡½ gš—e¨
Ki‡Z wM‡q GKRb wewkó hvRK e‡jb †h GKwU AÜKvi KvivMv‡i
Áv‡bi Av‡jv cÖ¾¡jbKvix wefvM I Rwigvbv `„p cÖZ¨q Drcv`K|49
Gici G gwjb †mme wewkó mvay‡ì mv‡_ †hvM`vb K‡ib hviv
wÎZ¡ev` cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ges GK I AwØZxq Ck¦‡ii wek¦vmx wQ‡jb|
cweÎ KziAv‡b G welqwU cwi®‹vifv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q| wZwb m‡e©v”P
Ges Zuvi gZ Ab¨ †KD †bB| Avi G‡Z Avj−vn wn‡m‡e Avi Kv‡iv
D‡j¨L †bB| `yf©vM¨µ‡g evB‡e‡j Gfv‡e ejv nqwb| ZvB Ggwjb
Zvi cy¯—‡K G weåvwš— `~i Kivi †Póv Ki‡jb| wZwb ej‡jb : Ck¦i
Ò†Kvb †Kvb mgq m‡e©v”P, cweÎ I Awebk¦i mËv wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ
whwb wb‡R GKK, Ges wZwb Ab¨ Kv‡iv RvZ bb, Zuvi KZ©…Z¡ Ges
Ab¨vb¨ †Kvb wKQyB Ab¨ Kv‡iv KvQ †_‡K jä bq| ZvB, hLb
Avgiv Ck¦‡ii K_v ewj ev mvaviY fv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kwi Ges cÖv_©bv
Kwi, Ges cÖksmv Kwi, ZLb G welq¸‡jv‡Z gnËg A‡_© Ck¦i‡K
eySvB|Ó
Ggwjb cieZ©x‡Z †`Lvb †h evB‡e‡j hwÌ ÒCk¦iÓ kãwU
eëüZ n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ Zv cÖvqkB Ggb me e¨w³i ¸i“Z¡ †evSv‡bvi
R‡b¨ eëüZ n‡q‡Q hv‡ì‡K m‡e©v”P mËvi Zzjbvq wbgœZi KZ©…Z¡ I
¶gZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡qwQj: Ò †è`~Z‡ì (wdwikZv‡ì) Ck¦i
wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡qwQj.... hviv Ck¦‡ii PvB‡Z wKQyUv wbgœ
gh©v`v m¤úbœ wQ‡jb (MxZmswnZv 8 : 1, †hvnb 10 : 34-35)|
†Kvb †Kvb mgq GKRb e¨w³‡KI Ck¦i wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †hgb bex gymv Av. †K nvi“b Av. bexi Kv‡Q `yBevi Ck¦i
wn‡m‡e D‡jL Kiv nq Ges cieZ©x‡Z †divD‡bi (Pharaoh)
Kv‡QI| GgbwK kqZvb‡KI GB c„w_exi Ck¦i e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| ivRcyÎ I cÖej ¶gZvkvjx kvmK‡ìI Ck¦i e‡j
AvL¨vwqZ Kivi K_v Rvbv hvq hviv Ab¨vqfv‡e I ejc~e©K Ges
Ck¦‡ii Aby‡gv`bµ‡g kvmK ch©v‡q DcbxZ n‡qwQj| whwb GKK
mËvgq Ck¦i wZwb G m‡ei E‡aŸ© Awebk¦i| myZivs Ab¨ hv‡ì
Ck¦i e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì PvB‡Z Ck¦i‡K Avgiv ¯^Zš¿
êwkó¨ gwÊZ †`L‡Z cvB|Ó
G êwkó¨ Av‡iv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q Ggwjb wd‡jv‡K (Philo)
D×„Z K‡i‡Qb| wd‡jv m‡e©v”P mËv‡K ÒïaygvÎ gvby‡li Ck¦iB bq,
Ck¦‡ii Ck¦iÓ e‡j eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Iì †Uóv‡g‡›U Ck¦‡ii †kÖôZ¡ I
gwngvi gwngvwš^Z D‡j¨L Kv‡j Zuv‡K GB m‡e©v”P I me©vwaK
†MŠievwš^Z AvL¨vq AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
†h‡nZz evB‡ej Ck¦‡ii eY©bv I Ck¦‡ii PvB‡Z wbgœZg mËviI
eY©bvKv‡j ÒCk¦iÓ (God) kãwU eënvi K‡i‡Q †m‡nZz Ggwjb G
cÖ‡kœi GKwU DËi †LuvRvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb : cweÎ MÖ‡š’ `yÕwU A‡_©i
†KvbwU‡Z L„ó‡K Ck¦i e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv n‡e? wZwb e‡jb Ck¦i‡ì
Ck¦‡ii Zzjbvq L„ó GKRb Aa¯—b mËv (†`Lyb 1 KwiY_xq 8t 5)|
wZwb wb‡R‡K wb‡gœi cÖkœ K‡iB GB ¸i“Z¡cY~ © cÖ‡kœi wm×v‡š—
†cuŠ‡Q‡Pb : hxï L„‡ói EaŸ©Zb hw` †Kvb Ck¦i _v‡Kb Zvi KZ©…Z¡
AwaKZi †ewk Ges Zvi PvB‡Z AwaKZi ¶gZvevb, bq wK? G
cÖ‡kœi DËi GKfv‡e A_ev Ab¨fv‡e hxïi Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© wm×vš—
cÖ`vb Ki‡e| hw` Ck¦i Zvi Dci n‡q _v‡Kb Zvn‡j wZwb A_©vr
hxï m‡e©v”P Ck¦i n‡Z c‡ib bv| Gwgwj‡bi Reve : nu¨v, ZvB Ges
wZwb Zvi Rev‡ei mg_©‡b 3wU hyw³ †ck K‡ib:
hxï my®úófv‡e wZwb Qvov Ab¨ GKRb Ck¦‡ii K_v e‡j‡Qb|
wZwb Zvi Ck¦i‡K Zvi †P‡q EaŸ©Zb A_ev D”PZi e‡j MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb cweÎZv AR©‡bi K_v e‡j‡Qb †h‡nZz wZwb m‡e©v”P
êwkó¨ Ges Awebk¦i cweÎZvi AwaKvix wQ‡jb bv hv ïay m‡e©v”P
mËv Ck¦‡iiB i‡q‡Q|
Ggwjb Dcjwä K‡ib †h mvaviY gvbyl hv‡Z eyS‡Z cv‡i
†miKg cš’vq GB 3wU hyw³‡K wek` e¨vL¨v Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| hviv
mvaviY †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q †evaMg¨ bq Ggbfv‡e ag©MÖš’vw` m¤ú‡K©
wj‡L‡Qb A_P hviv Zv‡ì iPbvq e¨³ gZev` †jv‡K wek¦vm Ki‡e
e‡j cÖZ¨vkv K‡i‡Qb- wZwb †mB me †jvK‡ì cš’v eR©b K‡ib|
Ggwjb GB 3wU hyw³ e¨vL¨v K‡ib Gfv‡e:
cÖ_gZ, hxï Zvi †P‡q c„_K Ab¨ GKRb Ck¦‡ii K_v
e‡j‡Qb| †ek K‡qKevi Avgiv †`wL Ab¨ Kv‡iv m¤ú‡K© wZwb
ej‡Qb ÒAvgvi Ck¦i Avgvi Ck¦iÓ (gw_ 27 : 46), ÒAvgvi Ck¦i
Avgvi Ck¦i, †Kb Zzwg Avgv‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Q? (†hvnb 20 t17)|
wbtm‡›`‡n wZwb GK_v ej‡Z Pvbwb †h ÒAvgvi Avwg Avgvi Avwg,
Zzwg †Kb Avgv‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Q?Ó GB Ck¦i Zvi †P‡q c„_K,
†hgbwU wZwb Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡b †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb (†hvnb 8 : 42), D‡jL¨
†h †mLv‡b wZwb Ck¦i‡K wcZv wn‡m‡e Zvi †_‡K c„_K K‡ibwb,
wKš‘ Ck¦i wn‡m‡e, Ges AZtci, mKj b¨vq we‡ePbvq, wZwb ¯^qs
†mB GKB Ck¦i n‡Z cv‡ib bv, hv †_‡K wZwb wb‡R‡K c„_K
K‡i‡Qb....
wØZxqZ : hxï wZwb Qvov Ab¨ Ck¦i‡K ïay †g‡bB †bbwb, wZwb
GK_vI ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb †h †mB wZwb A_©vr Ck¦i Zvi †P‡q EaŸ©Zb
I D”P, †hgbwU †mvRvmywR e¨³ K‡i‡Qb Zvi wkl¨MY| eû NUbvqB
wZwb D”P¯^‡i wcZv Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ Zuvi AvbyMZ¨ †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb|
wZwb e‡j‡Qb, wZwb wb‡Ri B”Qvq wKQy Kivi R‡b¨ Av‡mbwb, Zuvi
mewKQyB ïay wcZvi (Ck¦i) bvg I ¶gZv e‡j| wb‡Ri bq, Ck¦‡ii
gwngvB Zvi Kvg¨ wQj; wb‡Ri B”Qvq cwiPvjbv bq, Ck¦‡ii kvmb
Zvi Kvg¨ wQj| G ai‡bi AvbyMZ¨ aviY K‡iB wZwb c„w_ex‡Z
G‡mwQ‡jb| cybivq wZwb Ck¦‡ii Dci Zuvi wbf©iZvi K_v †NvlYv
K‡ib| GgbwK †m mKj welqI, †h¸‡jv GKRb Ck¦i wn‡m‡e Zvi
e‡jB ejvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q, †hgb A‡jŠwKK ¶gZvi cÖ‡qvM,
g„Z‡K RxweZ Kiv, b¨vqwePvi ejer Kiv BZ¨vw`| Avi Gme wel‡q
wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ÒAvwg wb‡R wKQyB Ki‡Z cvwi bv|Ó
Z…ZxqZ, hxï wb‡R AmvaviY ¶gZvi AwaKvix nIqvi welqwU
A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb (†hgb AbwR©Z kw³, GK”QÎ Ck¦iZ¡, mxgvnxb
Ávb), GKgvÎ Ck¦iM‡Yi m‡e©v”P Ck¦iB hvi AwaKvix Ges GUv
mywbwðZ †h wZwb hw` Gme ¸‡Yi GKwU ev †Kvb GKwUi AwaKvix
bv n‡q _v‡Kb, hv Ck¦i‡Z¡i R‡b¨ AZëk¨Kxq, Zvn‡j wZwb †m
A‡_© Ck¦i bb| Gi †Kvb GKwU ¸Y hw` Zvi g‡a¨ Avgiv bv †`wL,
wZwb Ab¨¸‡jv P¨v‡jÄ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †Kbbv Zvi wb‡Ri meKqwU
Hk¦wiK ¸Yvewj bv _vKv Avi wb‡R‡K Awebk¦i Ck¦i wn‡m‡e
A¯^xKvi Kiv GKB e¨vcvi|
Gici Ggwjb Zvi me©‡kl hyw³i cÖgvY wn‡m‡e wKQy `„óvš— D‡jL
K‡i‡Qb:
Ck¦i GK gnvb I wewPÎ ¸Y nj me©gq I AbwR©Z me©gq
kw³gËv| whwb mKj wKQy A‡jŠwKKfv‡e Ges wb‡Ri B”Qvbyiƒc
Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv wZwb KL‡bvB m‡e©v”P mËv n‡Z cv‡ib bv| hw`
wZwb Ab¨ Kv‡iv mvnvh¨ bv wb‡q wKQy Ki‡Z bv cv‡ib, Zuv‡K
Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Ac~Y©v½ Î“wUhy³ mËv e‡j g‡b nq †h‡nZz wZwb
A‡bï mvnv‡hï gyLv‡c¶x Ges Zuvi wb‡Ri Qvov Ab¨ Kv‡iv KvQ
†_‡K AwZwi³ kw³i cÖwZ wZwb wbf©ikxj| GLb my®úófv‡e
cÖZxqgvb †h hxï (Zuvi ¶gZv hvB _vK bv †Kb) evi evi ¯^xKvi
K‡i‡Qb †h Zuvi wb‡Ri Amxg kw³ wQj bv : ÒAvwg wb‡R wKQyB
Ki‡Z cvwi bvÓ (†hvnb 5 : 30)| wZwb gnv A‡jŠwKK ¶gZv
m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb, †hgb g„Z‡ì cybi“¾xeb, mK‡ji cÖwZ mgwePvi
Kiv; wZwb my¯úó fvlvq e‡jb, gvby‡li Rvbv DwPZ †h Gme †¶‡Î
Zuvi B”Qv c~iY Kivi gvwjK Ck¦i| ïi“‡Z wZwb e‡jb, ÒcyÎ wKQyB
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, Zvi wcZv hv K‡ib †m ZvB ïay †`‡L|Ó ZvB, gv‡S
G‡mI wZwb GKB K_v e¨³ K‡ib| wZwb †hb Zuvi gnvb mZ¨
m¤ú‡K© Lye †ewk AsnKvix bv n‡q I‡Vb †m R‡b¨ wZwb Dcmsnv‡i
e‡jb, ÒAvwg wb‡R †_‡K wKQyB Ki‡Z cvwi bvÓ ... wbwðZfv‡e GwU
Ck¦‡ii K_v bq, GKRb gvby‡li K_v| whwb m‡e©v”P wZwb Kv‡iv KvQ
†_‡K wKQy MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| wZwb Zuv‡K wb‡Ri †P‡q AwaK
kw³kvjx ev Ávbx wn‡m‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv, †Kbbv cwic~Y©
†kÖô‡Z¡i mv‡_ Avi wKQy †hvM n‡Z cv‡i bv| †h‡nZz Ck¦‡ii ¶gZv
GKwU AZ¨vek¨K c~Y©Zv †m‡nZz †mwU hw` D™¢‚Z nq Zvn‡j mËv ev
Aw¯—‡Z¡i †¶‡ÎI Zv NU‡e hv wKbv m‡e©v”P mËvi wei“‡×B
AegvbbvKi| Zuv‡K D™¢‚Z mËv mg~‡ni g‡a¨ ¯’vcb Kiv Zuv‡K ÒA-
Ck¦iÓ KiviB kvwgj| m‡e©v”P Ck¦i cÖK…Zc‡¶ ïaygvÎ wZwbB whwb
GKK Ges mKj wKQyi g~j|
gvK© Zvi Mm‡c‡ji 13 : 32 †k−v‡K hxï m¤ú‡K© †h weeiY
w`‡q‡Qb, Ggwjb Zv cix¶v K‡i‡Qb| wePvi wèm m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z
wM‡q wZwb e‡j‡Qb, Ò†mB w`b m¤ú‡K© †Kvb gvbyl, ¯^‡M©i †è`~Z
(†d‡ikZv) cyÎ †KDB Rv‡b bvÑ ïay wcZv Qvov|Ó Ggwjb e‡jb,
hxïi Ck¦iZ¡ wek¦vm K‡i Ggb †h †Kvb †jv‡Ki Kv‡QB G e³e¨
Ck¦‡ii GKB m‡½ `yÕwU cÖK…wZ ev `yÕwU wfbœ AeMwZi Ae¯’vi aviYv
cÖ`vb K‡i| Kvh©Z GwU GKB mv‡_ Zuv‡K wKQy wRwbm Rvbv Ges wKQy
wRwbm bv Rvbvi gZ GK D™¢U Ae¯’vq ¯’vcb K‡i| hw` hxï Ck¦i
n‡q _vK‡Zb Ges Ck¦‡ii Zv Rvbv _vKZ Zvn‡j hxï G ai‡bi
K_v ej‡Zb bv, KviY GB cÖK…wZi AwaKvix nIqvi Kvi‡Y ZviI
D³ Áv‡bi AwaKvix nIqvi K_v|
Ugvm Ggwjb fvjfv‡eB m‡PZb wQ‡jb †h wecyj msL¨K L„óvb
Zv‡K fyj eyS‡Z cv‡i| wZwb Zvi wek¦v‡mi mg_©‡b L„óa‡g© Zvi
my¯úó ¯^xKv‡ivw³ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb GB e‡j †h wZwb hxï‡K Zvi
wk¶K wn‡m‡e kÖ×v K‡ib| wZwb Zvi AbyivMx f³ Ges wcZv, gvZv,
eÜz-evÜe mK‡ji †P‡q Zuv‡K †ewk fv‡jvev‡mb| wZwb e‡jb,
ÒAvwg Rvwb †h hxï ïay mZ¨‡KB fv‡jvevm‡Zb Ges hviv Zuvi evYx
AbymiY K‡i wZwb Zv‡ì Kv‡iv cÖwZB µz× n‡eb bv hviv e‡j †h
ÒwcZv Avgvi †P‡q †kÖôÓ (†hvnb 14 : 28)| GB e³‡eï †cÖw¶‡Z
Ggwjb e‡jb, ÒCk¦i hxïi †P‡q †kÖô bbÓ G K_v ejv wec¾bK
n‡e|50
Ugvm Ggwjb wQ‡jb GKRb Ck¦i f³ Ávbx e¨w³ whwb Zvi
cvwÛZ¨, wbôv I `„pZvi R‡b¨ wewkó wQ‡jb| wZwb wbh©vZ‡bi gy‡LI
KL‡bv Av‡cvk K‡ibwb| wZwb wQ‡jb H mvaygÛjxi GKRb hviv
Zv‡ì we‡ivax‡ì mv‡_ jovB K‡i‡Qb wbf©xKfv‡e| Zviv Kviv`Ê,
wbh©vZb, GgbwK g„Zz¨`ÊI gv_v †c‡Z wb‡q‡Qb, wKš‘ ivóª I Pv‡P©i
Ackw³i Kv‡Q bZRvby nbwb| Zviv wgwjZfv‡e Zv‡ì wbg©~j Kivi
†Póv K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ mvwe©K mvdj¨ AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Kvh©Z cÖwZwU
wbh©vZ‡bi NUbvB Zv‡ì †mB cigwcÖq evYx‡K AwaKZi fv‡e
RbwcÖq K‡i‡Q| †m evYxwU wQj :
Ck¦i wZbRb bb, GKRb|
Ggwjb †mB mZ¨ †NvlYvKvix wfbœ gZvej¤^x‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb
cÖ_g mvwii Ab¨Zg hvi wÎZ¡ev‡` Awek¦v‡mi K_v cÖKv‡k¨ †NvlYv
Kivi mvnm wQj| †h me hvRK Zvi mv‡_ †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb, hviv
Avwiqv‡mi Abymvix wQ‡jb Ges AvVv‡iv kZ‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K
Avwiqv‡mi Abymvix I Ab¨vb¨ GKZ¡ev`x‡ì msL¨v wQj D‡j-
L‡hvM¨| Ggwj‡bi wePv‡ii `k eQi ci hxïi Kw_Z Ck¦iZ¡ wb‡q
cÖ‡kœi djkÖ“wZ‡Z †h Pvcv Am‡š—vl m„wó n‡qwQj, PvP© Ae Bsj¨vÊ
Zvi ZxeªZv Dcjwä K‡iwQj| 1712 L„. m¨vgy‡qj K¬vK (Samuel
Clarke) Gi “Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity” MÖš’
cÖKv‡ki ga¨ w`‡q †m Pvcv Am‡š—v‡li we‡ùviY N‡U| G MÖ‡š’
ÒwcZv Ck¦i n‡jb m‡e©v”P Ges L„ó I cweÎ AvZ¥v Zvi Aaxb¯’
m„wóÓÑ GK_v cÖgv‡Yi R‡b¨ wZwb wewfbœ ag©MÖš’ †_‡K 1251 wU Ask
D×„Z K‡i‡Qb| K¬vK© c‡i G_vbvwmqv‡mi ag©gZ I Ab¨vb¨ wÎZ¡ev`x
êwkó¨ eR©b K‡i me©mvavi‡Yi Dc‡hvMx cÖv_©bv MÖ‡š’i GKwU
m¤úvw`Z ms¯‹iY cÖKvk K‡ib|
Ugvm Ggwjb 1741 L„. RyjvB gv‡m ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib|
w_Iwdjvm wjÊ‡m (Theophilus Lindsey) 1723-1808 L„.

w_Iwdjvm wjÊ‡m 1723 L„. Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb
Bsj¨v‡Ê cÖ_g GKZ¡ev`x‡ì mgv‡ek Abyôv‡bi msMVK| 60 eQi
c~‡e© m¨vgy‡qj K¬v‡K©i ms‡kvabxi wfwË‡Z ms‡kvwaZ cÖv_©bv ixwZ
eënvi K‡i Ges cÖPwjZ cÖ_vbyhvqx mv`v AvOivLv ev DËievm Qvov
Avj‡Lj−v cwiavb K‡i wjÊ‡m jÊ‡bi G‡m· wóª‡Ui GK wbjvg K‡¶
cÖ_g cÖv_©bv mfvq †en&Rvwgb d«vsKwjb I †Rv‡md wcÖówj mn eû
msL¨K gvbyl †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb| c‡ii w`b wjÊ‡m Zvi GK eÜzi
Kv‡Q †jLv c‡Î G NUbvi weeiY †`b :
Avcwb ï‡b Lywk n‡eb †h MZKvj me wKQy Lye fvjfv‡eB
m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q| Avwg hv aviYv K‡iwQjvg Zvi †P‡q A‡bK eo
mgv‡ek n‡qwQj Ges eû MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³ G‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib|
Zv‡ì AvPiY wQj cwikxwjZ I mvwe©Kfv‡e my›ì| Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB
cÖv_©bv mfv‡K mvgwMÖKfv‡e AZ¨š— m‡š—vlRbK e‡j AvL¨vwqZ
K‡ib| wKQy †Mvj‡hv‡Mi Avk¼v Kiv n‡qwQj| Z‡e †Kvb wKQy
N‡Uwb| GKgvÎ †h Î“wU †`Lv wM‡qwQj Zv n‡jv GB †h Av‡qvRb
cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq †QvU g‡b nw”Qj| Abyôvb †_‡K AbyK‚j
cÖwZwµqv m„wó n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b n‡”Q, mevB ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q‡Q I m‡š—vl
cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| Avgvi GLb cÖZ¨q R‡b¥‡Q †h G cÖ‡Póv Ck¦‡ii
Avkxe©v‡` e¨vcK Kj¨v‡Y Avm‡e| Avgv‡ì I Pv‡P©i cÖv_©bvi g‡a¨
êcixZ¨ cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i‡Q| Avgv‡K GK_v ejvi R‡b¨
¶gv Ki‡eb †h Avgvi j¾v‡eva Kiv DwPZ wQj †h, Avwg GKwU
mv`v †cvkvK c‡i Abyôv‡b Dcw¯’Z n‡qwQjvg| Dcw¯’Z †jvK‡ì
g‡a¨ †KDB GUv Pvqwb e‡j g‡b n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b †h †Kvb ANUb
N‡Uwb, ïay G Kvi‡YB Avwg mš‘ó bB, Avwg m¤ú~Y© Abyôv‡bi
e¨vcv‡iB mš‘ó hv Av‡M KL‡bv nBwb| GK_v Avgv‡K AveviI
ej‡Z n‡”Q| Ck¦‡ii Avkxe©v` I Ki“Yvi d‡j Avgiv GUv fvjfv‡e
m¤úbœ Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQ| Avgiv ïay Avkv †cvlY Kwi †h Avgv‡ì
Kg©KvÊ Pvwj‡q †h‡Z Zuvi Avkxe©v` I Ki“Yv Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e...|51
G‡m· wUª‡Ui GB ag©xq mgv‡ek Ab¨vb¨ GKZ¡vev`x‡ì
evwg©snvg, g¨v‡Âói I Bsj¨v‡Êi Ab¨vb¨ kn‡i †QvU wMR©v (Chape)
cÖwZôvq DrmvwnZ K‡i| wMR©vq ag©cvj‡bi ¯^vaxbZv gZev`MZ
¯^vaxbZvi weKvk NUvq| Gi d‡j 1790 L„. A·‡dvW© I †KgweªR
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ e³…ZvKv‡j wjÊ‡m mK‡ji Kv‡Q
my¯úó I mnR K‡i †Zvjvi R‡b¨ wb‡æv³ ÒmZ¨Ó ¸‡jv e¨³ K‡ib
hvi Kv‡Q cweÎ MÖš’mg~‡n wek¦vmx mKj gvbyl Av‡M ev c‡i Aek¨B
bwZ ¯^xKvi Ki‡e I †g‡b †b‡e:
Ck¦i GKRb| wZwb GKK mËv, whwb Ck¦i wZwb GKgvÎ mªóv I
mKj wKQyi mve©‡fŠg cÖf;y hxï Bqvû`x RvwZf~³ GKRb e¨w³
wQ‡jb, wZwb wQ‡jb Ck¦‡ii ev›`v, Zuvi Øviv wecyj gh©v`v gwÊZ I
m¤§vb cÖvß; AvZ¥v A_ev cweÎ AvZ¥v †Kvb e¨w³ bb A_ev eyw× Ávb
m¤úbœ cÖvYx bb, wZwb ïay GK we‡kl kw³ A_ev Ck¦‡ii Dcnvi,
wZwb hxïL„‡ói RxebKv‡j Zv‡K msev`vw` cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb Ges Zvi
cieZ©x mg‡q wZwb ag© cÖPviKMY I eû Avw` L„óvb‡K mvdj¨ RbK
fv‡e Mm‡c‡ji cÖPvi I cÖmvi kw³ I Drmvn RywM‡q‡Qb
(†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© 1 : 2)|
Ges
GB wQj Ck¦i, Ges L„ó Ges cweÎ AvZ¥v msµvš— gZev` hv
ag©cÖPviKMY KZ©…K wk¶v cÖ`vb Ges Bqvû`x I †cŠËwjK‡ì Kv‡Q
cÖPvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|52
GB AvaywbK cÖZ¨q `„pZvi ga¨ w`‡q Bs‡iR GKZ¡ev` Zvi
†kÖôZg hy‡M cÖ‡ek K‡i|
wjÊ‡m Zvi iPbvq hxï L„ó †h Ck¦i bb, †mB mZ¨ cÖwZôvi
R‡b¨ wb‡æv³ hyw³ cÖ`k©b K‡ib :
hxï KL‡bvB wb‡R‡K Ck¦i e‡j †NvlYv ev AvL¨vwqZ K‡ibwb|
GgbwK, wZwb GK e¨w³ hvi Øviv mKj wKQy m„wó n‡q‡Q GiKg
mvgvb¨Zg †Kvb AvfvmI wZwb †`bwb|
Iì †Uóv‡g‡›Ui cweÎ MÖš¸ ’ ‡jvi me¸‡jv‡ZB ïay GK e¨w³,
GK wh‡nvfv, GK Ck¦i, Zv‡K GKv Ges mKj wKQyi mªóv e‡j ejv
n‡q‡Q| †hvnb Gi Mm‡cj Gi 5 : 7 †kK cÖm‡½ D‡jL¨ †h
†hvn‡bi gZ GKRb ag©wbô Bqvû`x nVvr K‡i GKRb Ab¨ mªóv,
GKRb bZzb Ck¦i nvwRi Ki‡eb, GUv wek¦vm‡hvM¨ bq| wZwb KLb
GB A™¢yZ gZev` D™¢veb Ki‡jb Ges †Kvb ¶gZve‡j Zv cÖPvi
Ki‡jb, †mUv Rvbv hvq bv| we‡kl K‡i wZwb wb‡RB †hLv‡b wek¦vm
Ki‡Zb †h gymv Av. bexi weavb Abyhvqx wh‡nvfv Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb
Ck¦‡ii wek¦vm ¯’vcb ev Dcvmbv Kiv g~wZ© c~Rvi gZB GKwU Aciva
Ges a‡g©i cÖwZ Aegvbbv Ki| Zvi ¸i“ cÖfy hxï wh‡nvfv Qvov Ab¨
†Kvb Ck¦‡i wek¦vm ¯’vcb ev Dcvmbv Kiv g~wZ© c~Rvi gZB GKwU
Aciva Ges a‡g©i cÖwZ Aegvbbv Ki| Zvi ¸i“ cÖfy hxï wh‡nvfv
e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb Ck¦‡ii D‡jL K‡ibwb, wZwb wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K©I
KL‡bv GiKg wKQy e‡jbwb; eis wZwb e‡j‡Qb †h, wcZv, hvi `~Z
wQ‡jb wZwb, wZwbB Zv‡K wK ej‡Z n‡e Ges wK ejv DwPZ Zvi
wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb (†hvnb 12t 49)|
Mm‡cj BwZnv‡mi †jLKMb GKRb Hkx e¨w³, wcZv‡K, GKgvÎ
cÖK…Z Ck¦i e‡j‡Qb (†hvnb 17 : 3)
gvK©, gw_ I j~K †KDB Zv‡ì ¯^- ¯^ Mm‡cj †jLvi mgq Kv‡iv
mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡ib wb| Zviv KL‡bvB hxï Ck¦i wQ‡jb e‡j †Kvb
Bw½Z †`bwb| Zviv hw` Zv‡K Ck¦i Ges we‡k¦i mªóv wn‡m‡eB
Rvb‡Zb, †m‡¶‡Î G iKg GKwU ¸i“Z¡cY~ © wel‡q Zviv wbðzc
_vK‡Zb, GK_v wek¦vm‡hvM¨ bq|
†hvnb whwb Zvi Mm‡c‡ji ïi“‡ZB Ck¦i‡K Ck¦i Ges hxï‡K i³
gvs‡mi gvbyl iƒcx evYx e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb, Mm‡c‡ji Aewkó
As‡k wZwb hxï‡K Ck¦i e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|
j~‡Ki Mm‡cj cix¶v wbix¶v Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb
†h gv †gixi M‡f© Rb¥MÖn‡Yi c~‡e© hxïi †Kvb Aw¯—Z¡ wQj bv|
(†h‡nZzt
3.23.38 G hxïi eskvbyµ‡gi avivevwnK D‡jL Av‡Q|
4 : 24 Ges 8 : 33 G hxï‡K Ck¦‡ii bex e‡j ¯^xKvi Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
7 : 16 I 24 : 19 G hxï‡K bex e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
3 : 13, 26 I 4 : 27, 30 G wcUvi I Ab¨ K‡qKRb
ag©cÖPviK hxï‡K Ck¦‡ii ev›`v wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb|
17 : 24, 30 G j~K Zv‡K Ògvby‡li cyÎÓ c„w_exi mªóv Ck¦‡ii
GK ¸i“Z¡cY~ © `vwq‡Z¡ wbhy³ e¨w³ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb|
hviv hxïi Dcvmbv K‡i wjÊ‡m Zv‡ì cÖkœ K‡i‡Qb †h hxï hw`
Zv‡ì mvg‡b nvwRi nb I wb‡æv³ cÖkœmg~n wRÁvmv K‡ib,
ZLb Zv‡ì cÖwZwµqv wK n‡e:
†Zvgiv Avgvi Dcvmbv Ki †Kb? Avwg wK †Zvgv‡ì KL‡bv G
ai‡bi wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ A_ev ag©xq Dcvmbvi j¶ë¯‘ wn‡m‡e Avwg
wK wb‡Ri bvg †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q cÖ¯—ve K‡iwQ?
Avwg wK me©`v Ges G‡Kev‡i †kl ch©š— wcZv, Avgvi I †Zvgv‡ì
wcZv, Avgvi I †Zvgv‡ì Ck¦‡ii Dcvmbvi `„óvš— ¯’vcb Kwiwb?
( †hvnb 20 : 17)
Avgvi wklïv Zv‡ì cÖv_©bv †kLv‡bvi R‡b¨ Avgv‡K Aby‡iva
K‡iwQj (j~K 11 : 1-2)| Avwg wK ZLb Zv‡ì‡K Avgvi Kv‡Q
cÖv_©bvi A_ev wcZv Qvov Ab¨ Kv‡iv cÖv_©bv Kivi wk¶v w`‡qwQjvg?
Avwg wK KL‡bv wb‡R‡K Ck¦i e‡j †NvlYv K‡iwQjvg A_ev
†Zvgv‡ì wK e‡jwQjvg †h AvwgB we‡k¦i mªóv Ges Avgvi Dcvmbv
Ki‡Z n‡e?
†mvjvqgvb Av. Dcvmbvjq (evqZzj gyKvÏm) wbg©vY m¤úbœ nIqvi
ci e‡jwQ‡jb, ÒCk¦i wK mZ¨B c„w_ex‡Z evm Ki‡eb? ¯^‡M©i cÖwZ
`„wócvZ Ki, ¯^‡M©i ¯^M©I Zuv‡K aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv; Avwg †h feb
wbg©vY K‡iwQ Zv Zuvi †P‡q KZ †h bybZg (ivRvewj 38 : 27)53
GK Ck¦‡i wjÊ‡mi wek¦v‡mi welqwU wb‡æv³ e³e¨ †_‡K my¯úó
cÖZxqgvb nq:
mKj ¯’v‡b wPiš—b Ck¦‡ii Dcvmbv nIqv cÖ‡qvRb, KviY wZwb
me©Î weivwRZ... †Kvb ¯’vbB Ab¨wUi †P‡q AwaK cweÎ bq,
wKš‘ cÖwZwU ¯’vbB Dcvmbvi R‡b¨ cweÎ| DcvmbvKvixivB ¯’vb
wba©viY K‡i| †KD hLb fw³c~Y© webqvebZ wP‡Ë †mLv‡b
Ck¦‡ii mÜvb K‡i ZLb Ck¦i †mLv‡b _v‡Kb| cvcgy³ gbB
n‡”Q Ck¦i cÖK…Z gw›ì|54
†hv‡md wcÖówj (Josheph Priestly) 1733-1804)
†hv‡md wcÖówj 1733 L„. wjWm Gi 6 gBj `w¶Y- cwð‡g
¶z`ª wdì‡nW MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv wQ‡jb ¯’vbxq GKRb
e¯¿ Drcv`K| wcÖówj wQ‡jb wcZvi †R¨vôcyÎ| Zvi 6 eQi eq‡mi
mgq gv gviv hvb| K‡Vvi K¨vjwfbxq wk¶vq evwo‡Z wZwb †e‡o
I‡Vb| wKš‘ ¯‹z‡j wZwb †mB me wfbœ ag©xq Av`‡k©i Abymvix
wk¶K‡ì Kv‡Q wk¶v jvf K‡ib hviv PvP© Ae Bsj¨v‡Êi gZev‡ì
mv‡_ wfbœgZ †cvlY Ki‡Zb| GKRb hvRK nIqvi j‡¶¨ wZwb
j¨vwUb, MÖxK I wneªy fvlv fvjfv‡e AvqË K‡ib| Av`‡gi cvc
(Adam’s Sins) wel‡q wZwb ch©vß AbyZvc cÖ`k©b bv Kivq Zv‡K
eÜz mfvi (Elders of the Quakers) m`m¨ fyw³ Ki‡Z
A¯^xK…wZ Rvbv‡bv nq| A‡_©vW· Pv‡P©i mKj gZev‡ì Abymvix bq,
Ggb KvD‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z wek¦we`¨vjq¸‡jv A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvq| d‡j
Zv‡K GKwU mycwiwPZ GKv‡Wwg‡Z cvVv‡bv nq †hLv‡b wk¶K I
QvÎiv A‡_©vW· Pv‡P©i gZev` I Ôag©we‡ivax gZev`Õ Z_v GKZ¡ev‡`
wek¦v‡mi g‡a¨ wef³ wQj| GLv‡b wcÖówj L„óvb Pv‡P©i †gŠwjK
gZev` mg~‡ni we‡kl K‡i wÎZ¡ev‡ì mZ¨Zvi e¨vcv‡i Mfxifv‡e
m‡›`n †cvlY Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| wZwb hZB evB‡ej cvV Ki‡jb
ZZB Zvi wb‡Ri g‡Z Av¯’vkxj n‡q DV‡jb| Avwiqvm, mvi‡fUvm
I †mvwRwbi iPbv Zvi g‡bi Dci Mfxi Qvc †d‡j| Zv‡ì gZ
wZwbI wm×v‡š— DcbxZ nb †h ag©MÖš¸ ’ ‡jv wÎZ¡ev` I cÖvqwðË
m¤ú‡K© †Rviv‡jv cÖgvY w`‡Z cv‡iwb| Gi dj nj GB †h wZwb
hLb wk¶v †kl K‡i GKv‡Wwg Z¨vM Ki‡jb, †`Lv †Mj †h ZLb
wZwb GKRb KÆi Avwiqvm Abymvix‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Qb|
wcÖówj evwl©K 30 cvDÊ †eZ‡b GKRb hvR‡Ki mnKvix wbhy³
nb| hLb Avwe®‹…Z nj †h wZwb GKRb Avwiqvm Abymvix ZLb
Zv‡K PvKzwi †_‡K eiLv¯— Kiv nq| 1758 L„. wZwb †Pkvqv‡i
bv›UDB‡P (Nantwich) GKRb hvRK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM jvf Ki‡Z
m¶g nb| †mLv‡b wZwb wZb eQi PvKzwi K‡i| Zvi Avq AwZ
mvgvb¨ nIqvq cÖvB‡fU wUDkwbi gva¨‡g wZwb Av‡iv A‡_©vcvR©b
Ki‡Zb| Lye wkMwMiB GKRb fvj wk¶K wn‡m‡e Zvi L¨vwZ Qwo‡q
c‡o| Avwiqvmcš’xiv 1757 L„. IqvwisU‡b (Warrington) GKwU
GKv‡Wgx cÖwZôv Ki‡j wcÖówj bv›UDBP Z¨vM K‡ib Ges †mLv‡b
wk¶K wn‡m‡e wb‡qvwRZ nb| AemiKvjxb mg‡q wZwb cÖvqB jÛb
Mgb Ki‡Zb| Gfv‡eB GK md‡ii mgq jÊ‡b weÁvbx †ebRvwgb
d«vsKwj‡bi mv‡_ Zuvi cÖ_gev‡ii gZ mv¶vr N‡U| 1667 mv‡j
wZwb Zvi cy‡iv‡bv evm¯’v‡bi KvQvKvwQ wjWm (Lids)- Gi wgj wnj
(Mill Hill)- Gi hvRK n‡q Av‡mb| †mLv‡b wZwb 6 eQi
wQ‡jb| wjWm- G wcÖówj †ek wKQy cyw¯—Kv cÖKvk K‡ib| wkMwMiB
GKZ¡ev‡ì GKRb AmvaviY I Ávbx gyLcvÎ wn‡m‡e wZwb L¨vwZ
jvf K‡ib| Aemi mg‡q wZwb imvqbwe`¨v cvV Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib|
G †¶‡Î Zvi mvdj¨ wQj D‡jL‡hvM¨| wZwb iqvj †mvmvBwUi
¯^xK…wZ jvf K‡ib| 1774 mv‡j wZwb Aw·‡Rb Avwe®‹vi Kivi d‡j
AZ¨š— weL¨vZ n‡q c‡ob| cieZ©x‡Z Av‡iv M‡elYvq wZwb bZzb
wKQy M¨vm Avwe®‹vi K‡ib hv Zvi Av‡M Avi †Kvb weÁvbx Ki‡Z
cv‡ibwb| Z‡e c`v_© weÁv‡bi †Pq a‡g©i e¨vcv‡iB wZwb †ewk
Drmvnx wQ‡jb| ZvB wZwb Gme Avwe®‹vi‡K GKRb ag©ZË¡we‡ì
Aemi gyn‚‡Z©i dmj wn‡m‡eB we‡ePbv Ki‡Zb| AvZ¥Rxebx‡Z
wcÖówj Zuvi Gme hyMvš—Kvix Avwe®‹vi m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z wM‡q gvÎ GKwU
c„ôv e¨q K‡i‡Qb| GK mgq wZwb wj‡LwQ‡jb : Òimvq‡bi K‡qKwU
kvLvq Avwg wKQy Avwe®‹vi K‡iwQ| Avwg G e¨vcv‡i KL‡bvB
¯^vfvweK mg‡qi †P‡q AwZwi³ g‡bv‡hvM †`Bwb Ges mvaviY
cÖwµqvmg~‡ni e¨vcv‡iI Avwg mvgvb¨B RvbZvg|55
cieZ©x‡Z †hv‡md wcÖówj Avj© Ae †kjev‡m©i (Earl of
Shellburne) jvB‡eªwiqvb I mvwnZ¨ m½x nb| G Kv‡Ri R‡b¨
Zv‡K AvKl©Yxq †eZb Ges Zvi Lywk gZ KvR Kivi ¯^vaxbZvmn
AvRxeb fvZv eivÏ Kiv nq| wZwb G Kv‡R 7 eQi wb‡qvwRZ
wQ‡jb| Zvi MÖx‡®§i w`b¸‡jv KvUZ Av‡j©i cj−x- cÖmv‡` Ges
kxZKvj KvUZ jÊ‡b| c¨vwim, nj¨vÊ, †ejwRqvg I Rvg©vbx md‡ii
mgq wZwb Av‡j©i m½x wQ‡jb| Avj© †ebRvwgb d«vsKwj‡bi mv‡_
wcÖówji eÜz‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y weeªZ †eva Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| KiY G mgq
d«v‡Ý †h wec−e PjwQj d«vsKwjb Zvi mg_©K wQ‡jb| wcÖówj
AvbyôvwbKfv‡e d«vsKwj‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK© Z¨vM K‡ib Ges Gi
AZ¨íKvj ciB emev‡mi R‡b¨ evwg©snvg P‡j hvb| GB kn‡i Zvi
emevm 11 eQi ¯’vqx nq| hwÌ †klw`KwU wQj AZ¨š— gg©we`viK
Uªv‡RwW, Zv m‡Ë¡I GwUB wQj Zvi Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q myLKi Aa¨vq|
hvRK wn‡m‡e Zv‡K mßv‡n gvÎ GK w`b A_©vr iweev‡i `vwqZ¡
cvjb Ki‡Z n‡Zv| †m Kvi‡Y mßv‡ni evwK w`b¸‡jv‡Z wZwb
cÖvYf‡i M‡elYvMv‡i KvR Ki‡Z I B”Qv gZ wjL‡Z cvi‡Zb|
evwg©snv‡g _vK‡Z wcÖówj Zvi me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡cY~ © I cÖfvekvjx
MÖš’ History of the Corruptions of Christianity iPbv
K‡ib| G MÖš’wU PvP©‡K cÖPÊ µz× K‡i †Zv‡j| G MÖ‡š’ wcÖówj ïay
wÎZ¡ev‡ì êaZv cÖZ¨vL¨vbB K‡ibwb, Dciš‘ wZwb hxïi
gvbexqZv‡KI mg_©b K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb, hxï Rb¥ m¤ú‡K© †h me
eY©bv I weeiY cvIqv hvq Zv ci¯úi AmsMwZc~Y|© wZwb wek¦vm
Ki‡Zb †h hxï wQ‡jb GKRb gvbyl| gvby‡li gZB mKj Dcv`v‡b
wZwb MwVZ wQ‡jb| Avi `kRb gvby‡li gZ wZwbI Amy¯’Zv,
AÁZv, ms¯‹vi I `ye©jZvi cÖeYZv m¤úbœ wQ‡jb| we‡k¦ ˆbwZK
weavb Pvjyi R‡b¨B Ck¦i Zuv‡K wbe©vwPZ K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi KvR I
`vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Zuv‡K wb‡`©kbv †Ìqv n‡qwQj Ges Zuv‡K cÖ`vb Kiv
n‡qwQj A‡jŠwKK ¶gZv| hxï‡K g„Zz¨ cieZ©x ci†jŠwKK Rxeb
m¤ú‡K© wecyj Ávb `vb K‡i gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cÖiY Kiv n‡qwQj †h
Rxe‡b gvbyl‡K Zvi BnRxe‡bi mrKv‡Ri R‡b¨ cyi¯‹…Z Kiv n‡e,
wbQK L„óa‡g© `xw¶Z nIqvi R‡b¨ bq| miKvi wKsev PvP© †KDB
wcÖówji GB gZ cQ›` Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
wcÖówj hxïi gvbexqZv‡K ïay mg_©bB K‡ibwb, hxïi A‡jŠwKK
Rb¥MÖn‡Yi (Immaculate Conception) welqwUI wZwb
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| Gfv‡e wZwb GK bqv wPš—vi wfwË ¯’vcb K‡ib|
Gi djkÖ“wZ‡Z GKZ¡ev`x‡ì Ae¯’v n‡q ùvovq SÅvwe¶z× mvM‡i
nvj- wenxb GK Rvnv‡Ri gZ| mve©Rbxb GKZ¡ev` bv‡g cwiwPZ †h
Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv nq, Zv‡Z GK w`K wb‡`©kbvi GKvš—B Afve
wQj| ZvB hxïi A‡jŠwKK Rb¥MÖn‡Yi aviYv cÖZ¨vL¨vb m¤ú~Y©
Abvek¨K I wZ³ GK Ø‡›Øi m„wó K‡i hv GKZ¡v‡ì mg_©K‡ì
g½‡ji PvB‡Z ¶wZmvab K‡i †ewk| divwm wec−e I mš¿v‡mi
ivR‡Z¡i cÖwZ mg_©b Rvwb‡q Bsj¨v‡ÊI Abyiƒc Av‡iKwU
Av‡›`vj‡bi Rb¥ N‡U hv eû Bsj¨vÊevmx‡K fxZ K‡i †Zv‡j| †Muvov
PvP© GB my‡hv‡M cÖPviYv Pvjv‡Z _v‡K †h wcÖówji wk¶v Bsj¨v‡ÊI
Abyiƒc Uªv‡RwWi m„wó Ki‡e| Gi d‡j wcÖówj‡K Acgvb K‡i I
Zv‡K ûgwK w`‡q †jLv AmsL¨ wPwV Zvi evwo‡Z Avm‡Z ïi“ K‡i|
†`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Zvi KzkcyËwjKv †cvov‡bv nq|
1791 L„. 14 RyjvB GK`j †jvK evwg©snv‡gi GKwU †nv‡U‡j
evw¯—j cZ‡bi evwl©Kx D`hvcb KiwQj| G mgq kn‡ii wePviK‡ì
†bZ…‡Z¡ GK wekvj RbZv †nv‡U‡ji evB‡i mg‡eZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡i|
wcÖówj G Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnY K‡i‡Qb aviYv K‡i Zviv †nv‡U‡j
nvgjv Pvjvq I Rvbvjvi KvP P~Y-© weP~Y© K‡i| wcÖówj †mLv‡b wQ‡jb
bv| RbZv ZLb wcÖówji evwo‡Z nvgjv Pvjvq| wcÖówji fvlvq
ÒZviv wbôyifv‡e jyÚbc~e© mgvß K‡i evwowU‡Z Av¸b R¡vwj‡q w`j|Ó
56
Zvi M‡elYvMvi, jvB‡eªwi, Ges Zvi mKj cvÊywjwc I `wjjcÎ
cy‡o f¯§xf~Z n‡q hvq| GK eÜz Av‡M †_‡K mZK© K‡i †Ìqvq
wcÖówj †Kvb iK‡g cÖv‡Y i¶v cvb| ciw`b mKj ¸i“Z¡cY~ ©
GKZ¡ev‡` wek¦vmx gvby‡li evwo cywo‡q †Ìqv nq| Gi `yÕw`b ci
RbZv, hviv †NvwlZ GKZ¡ev`x bq, wKš‘ GKZ¡ev`x‡ì AvkÖq I
wbivcËv w`‡q‡Q Ggb me †jvK‡ì evwo¸‡jvI cywo‡q †`q| G
mgqwU evwg©snv‡gi †jvKR‡bi Kv‡U AvZ‡¼i g‡a¨ w`‡q| mKj
†`vKvb cvU eÜ n‡q hvq| mvaviY gvbyl‡K Db¥Ë RbZvi †ivl
†_‡K euvPvi R‡b¨ ÒPvP© I ivRvÓ wPrKvi K‡i D”PviY Ki‡Z I
ìRvq wj‡L ivL‡Z †`Lv hvq| cwiw¯’wZi fqvenZv †`‡L
†mbvevwnbx Zje Kiv nq| ZLb `v½vKvixiv A`„k¨ nq|
G ch©v‡q evwg©snv‡g Ae¯’vb Kiv wcÖówji R‡b¨ wec¾bK n‡q
c‡o| wZwb QÙ‡e‡k jÊ‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ evwg©snvg Z¨vM K‡ib|
evwg©snv‡gi AwfÁZvi K_v ej‡Z wM‡q wZwb Zuvi ¯§„wZ K_vq
wj‡L‡Qb : ÒAvBbwenxb mwnsmZv †_‡K cvjv‡bvi cwie‡Z© Avwg
cvwj‡qwQjvg MYwePvi †_‡K| P~ovš— cÖwZwnsmvi Db¥Ë Av‡eM wb‡q
†mLv‡b Avgv‡K †LuvRv nw”Qj|Ó57 jÊ‡j G‡m †jv‡Ki wP‡b †djvi
f‡q wZwb iv¯—vq cÖKv‡k¨ Pjv‡div Ki‡Z m¶g wQ‡jb bv| BwZg‡a¨
Zvi AvkÖq`vZvi evwo‡Z nvgjv Pvwj‡q aŸsm K‡i †Ìqv nq| d‡j
Zv‡K GKwU fvov evwo‡Z AvkÖq wb‡Z nq| Zvi M„n¯^vgx ïay evwo
nviv‡bvi f‡qB kw¼Z wQ‡jb bv, ¶gZv I cÖwZcwË nviv‡bvi f‡qI
fxZ n‡q c‡owQ‡jb|
1794 L„. †ebRvwgb d«vsKwjb‡K mv‡_ wb‡q wcÖówj Av‡gwiKvi
D‡Ï‡k¨ cvwo Rgvb| wdjv‡Wjwdqv †cuŠ‡Q Zviv kn‡i I Avkcv‡k
cÖ_g K‡qKwU GKZ¡ev`x‡ì PvP© cÖwZôv K‡ib| cieZ©x eQi¸‡jv‡Z
Bsj¨v‡Êi cwiw¯’wZ A‡bKLvwb ¯^vfvweK n‡q Av‡m| 1802 L„.
wcÖówji cy‡iv‡bv msMVb GKwU ¶z`ª wMR©v ¯’vcb K‡i| GKZ¡ev`x‡ì
GK kxl©¯’vbxq †bZv wejvkvg‡K (Bilsham) D³ wMR©vi D‡Øvabx
a‡g©vc‡`k cÖ`v‡bi Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bv nq| Z‡e wcÖówj Av‡gwiKv‡ZB
†_‡K hvb| 1804 L„. wZwb ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib|
Bsj¨v‡Ê GKZ¡ev`x‡ì R‡b¨ wcÖówji eo Ae`vb nj Ck¦‡ii
GK‡Z¡i mg_©‡b e¨vcK HwZnvwmK I `vk©wbK hyw³mg~n| wewfbœ
ag©MÖš’ Ges cÖvPxb L„óvb hvRK I ag©cÖPviKM‡Yi iPbv †_‡K Gme
hyw³ wZwb msMÖn K‡iwQ‡jb| †m¸‡jv wZwb Zvi mgqKv‡ji ag©xq I
ivR‰bwZK mgm¨vq hyw³c~Y©fv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Zb| wZwb wj‡LwQ‡jb,
ÒAmvi welq‡K kw³ w`‡q hyw³i wei“‡× ùvo Kwi‡q wUwK‡q ivLv
cvq bv|Ó58 Zvi mKj ag©xq Kg©Kv‡Êi g‡a¨ `yB L‡Ê †jLv
History of the corruptions of Christianity MÖš’wU wQj
me©v‡c¶v cÖfvekvjx| G MÖ‡š’ wZwb †`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h cÖK…Z L„óvb
ag©, hv cÖ_gw`‡Ki Pv‡P©i ag© wek¦v‡mi A½ wQj, Zv GKZ¡ev`x Ges
G wek¦vm †_‡K mKj ai‡bi wePz¨wZ Kvh©Z ag©weK…wZ Qvov wKQyB
bq| G MÖš’wU Bsj¨vÊ I Av‡gwiKvi †Muvov L„óvb‡ì µz× Ges D`vi
cš’x‡ì Avbw›`Z K‡iwQj| nj¨v‡Ê MÖš’wU cÖKv‡k¨ †cvov‡bv nq| G
MÖ‡š’ wcÖówj wj‡L‡Qb :
L„óvb a‡g©i c×wZwU we‡ePbv K‡i †`L‡j †h †KD G‡K a‡g©i
weK…wZ I Aceënv‡ii R‡b¨ `vqx e‡j fve‡Z cv‡i| L„óvb a‡g©i
evwn¨K iƒ‡c †_‡K hv g‡b nq Zv nj GB †h gvbe RvwZi kvk¦Z
wcZv (Ck¦i) whïwLª÷‡K gvbyl‡K mrKvR Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡Z,
Aby‡kvPbvKvix‡ì R‡b¨ Zvi ¶gvi Avk¦vm cÖ`vb Ki‡Z Ges mKj
mrKg©Kvix‡ì R‡b¨ ciKv‡j Agi Rxeb I myLgq w`b hvc‡bi
msev` †cuŠ‡Q †`qvi `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb K‡ib| Gi g‡a¨ Ggb wKQy †bB
hv wb‡q `y‡e©va¨ Ríbv- Kíbv m„wó ev AvcwËKi g‡b n‡Z cv‡i| G
gZev` GZB mij †h Ávbx-AÁvbx mK‡ji Kv‡QB Zv kÖ×vi welq
e‡j †h Kv‡iviB g‡b n‡e| †h e¨w³ Gi welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© ÁvZ bq,
†m G a‡g©i cÖPviKv‡j G ag© eë¯’vi g‡a¨ jywK‡q _vKv fqsKi
weK…wZ I Aceënvi m¤ú‡K© wKQy LuyR‡Z †M‡j e¨_© n‡e| hxï I
Zvi ag©cÖPviKMY c~e© †_‡KB AewnZ n‡qwQ‡jb †h GK mgq mZ¨
†_‡K e¨vcK wePz¨wZ NU‡e Ges Zviv hv wk¶v cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb Zvi
mv‡_ Pv‡P©i gZev‡ì weivU dvivK NU‡e, GgbwK Zv mZ¨ a‡g©i
R‡b¨ aŸsmKi n‡e|
hv †nvK, ev¯—‡e a‡g©i weK…wZi KviYmg~n DË‡ivËi envj _v‡K Ges
Z`byhvqx, a‡g©i ¯^vfvweK ixwZ- bxwZ Av‡iv Abymi‡Yi e`‡j
Aceënvi m‡e©v”P ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡Q| G‡¶‡Î hv AZ¨š— Avðh©RbK Zv
nj, mZ¨ a‡g©i ¯^vfvweK Kvi‡Y Gme Aceënvi ax‡i ax‡i
ms‡kvwaZ n‡”Q Ges L„óvbag© Zvi cÖK…Z †mŠ›`h© I gwngv wd‡i
cv‡”Q|
G ag©xq weK…wZi KviYmg~n cÖvq me©vs‡kB A-L„óvb RM‡Zi cÖPwjZ
gZ †_‡K D™¢‚Z, we‡kl K‡i Zv‡ì `k©‡bi Ask G¸‡jv| †m
Kvi‡YB GB A-L„óvbiv hLb L„óag© MÖnY Kij Zviv Gi mv‡_
Zv‡ì ag©xq wk¶v I ms¯‹vi¸wjI wgwk‡q w`j| Dciš‘ Bqvû`x I
A-L„óvbiv Df‡qB Awfbœ AwbóKvix wn‡m‡e µzkwe× n‡qwQ‡jb
Ggb GK e¨w³i Abymvix nIqvi aviYvq GZ‡ewk gg©cxovi wkKvi
n‡q c‡owQj †h L„óvbiv G Kj¼ G‡Kev‡i gy‡Q †dj‡Z †h †Kvb
gZev` cy‡ivcywi MÖnY Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z wQj|
ejv nq †h gvby‡li gvbwmK ¶gZv kixi wKsev gw¯—®‹ †_‡K c„_K
welq Ges GB A`„k¨ AvwZ¥K Ask, A_ev AvZ¥v, †`‡ni mv‡_
mw¤§j‡bi c~‡e© ev c‡i wbR¯^ Aw¯—Z¡ eRvq ivL‡Z m¶g, mKj
`k©‡bi g‡a¨B Zv Mfxi wkKo we¯—vi K‡i‡Q, GB D‡Ï‡kï Reve
†LuvRvi †¶‡Î PgrKvifv‡e Zvi Dci wbf©i Kiv n‡q‡Q| G cš’vq
L„óvbiv L„‡ói AvZ¥v‡K Zuvi R‡b¥i c~‡e©B Zv‡ì cQ›` gZ GKwU
Hk¦wiK gh©v`vq ¯’vwcZ Ki‡Z m¶g nq| cÖvP¨ `k©b †_‡K D™¢‚Z
gZev` MÖnYKvix Aa¨vZ¥ inmëv`x L„óvbMY G bxwZ Aej¤^b
K‡iwQj| cieZ©x‡Z L„óvb `vk©wbKMY Ávb A_ev Ck¦i wcZvi me©
wbqš¿K kw³‡K e¨w³m¤¢yZ K‡i Ck¦i wcZvi mgK¶ Kivi Ab¨ bxwZ
MÖnY K‡i...|
L„óvba‡g©i m`_©K cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi Aceënvi wQj AZ¨š— gvivZ¥K|
Gi D™¢e N‡U ag©xq ixwZ I Abyôv‡bi weï×KiY I cweÎKi‡Yi
gZev` †_‡K, hv wQj A- L„óvb‡ì Dcvmbvi me©cÖavb wfwË Ges
†m¸‡jv wQj Bqvû`x a‡g©i Aceënv‡ii Abyiƒc| Avgiv A-
L„óvb‡ì gZ I AvPvi- K‡g©i g‡a¨ mbœ¨vmx‡ì K…”Q«Zvi mKj
Dcv`vb †`L‡Z cvB hviv kixi‡K gvmKvivf~wlZ nIqvi I evmbv
`gb Kivi gva¨‡g AvZ¥v‡K cweÎ I gwngvwš^Z Kivi wPš—v KiZ|
Pv‡P©i KZ©…‡Z¡i GB Aceënvi‡K mn‡RB †emvgwiK miKv‡ii
Aceënv‡ii gZB e¨vL¨v Kiv †hZ| RvMwZK ¯^v_©m¤úbœ †jv‡Kiv
Zv‡ì ¶gZv e„w×i R‡b¨ †h †Kvb my‡hvM‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z
m`vcÖ¯‘Z wQj Ges AÜKvi hy‡M Ggb eû NUbv msNwUZ nq hv
Zv‡ì‡K G ai‡bi wewPÎ my‡hvM G‡b w`‡qwQj|
mvgwMÖKfv‡e Avwg ej‡Z PvB †h GKRb g‡bv‡hvMx cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q
GUv my¯úó n‡e †h L„óvb a‡g©i ag© wek¦vm I cÖwZwU Kg©Kv‡Ê weK…wZ
i‡q‡Q, Avi Zv nj †h cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Zvi cÖPvi N‡UwQj, ZviB dj|
G mv‡_ GK_vI ej‡Z nq †h G wePz¨wZ †_‡K gyw³I wewfbœ
cwiw¯’wZi ¯^vfvweK cwiYwZ|
cy‡iv welqwU‡K (L„óvb‡ì åvš— Ae¯’vb) msw¶ß Ki‡j ùvovq :
1) mvaviY mfv cyÎ‡K wcZvi gZ GKB êwk‡ó¨ f~wlZ
K‡iwQj|
2) cweÎ AvZ¥v‡K wÎZ¡ev‡ì Aš—f©y³ K‡iwQj|
3) gvbweK AvZ¥vi AwaKvix L„ó‡K wek¦ wbqš¿K kw³i mv‡_
mshy³ K‡iwQj|
4) L„‡ói Hk¦wiK I gvbweK êwk‡óï KwíZ wgjb NwU‡qwQj
Ges
5) GB wgj‡bi cwiYwZ wn‡m‡e `yÕwU êwk‡óï mgš^‡q GKB
e¨w³ MwVZ nIqvi K_v mg_©b K‡iwQj|
G me êwkó¨ g‡b ivLvi R‡b¨ h‡_ó fvj ¯§„wZkw³ cÖ‡qvRb|
KviY G¸‡jv ïay K_vi †emvZ, Gi mv‡_ fvebv- wPš—vi †Kvb
m¤úK© †bB|59
“The History of Jesus Christ” bv‡g wcÖówj Av‡iv GKwU
MÖ‡š’ wZwb e‡j‡Qb :
Avgiv hLb †Kvb wel‡q GKwU ev †ek wKQy eB‡qi gZev` Luy‡R
†`wL Ges hLb wewfbœ g‡Zi mg_©‡b e³e¨mg~n †`L‡Z cvB,
ZLb Avgv‡ì cÖavbZ we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e †h cy‡iv MÖš’wUi g~j
myi I gg© wK A_ev G e¨vcv‡i cÖ_g mhZœ AbymÜvb GKRb
wbi‡c¶ cvV‡Ki Dci wK Qvc †dj‡e...|
Avgiv hw` m„wó m¤ú‡K© gymv Av. Gi aviYv Av‡jvPbv Kwi,
Avgiv †`L‡Z cve †h wZwb GKR‡bi †ewk Ck¦‡ii D‡jL
K‡ibwb whwb ¯^M© I c„w_ex m„wó K‡i‡Qb, whwb c„w_ex‡Z
MvQcvjv I Rxe- Rš‘ m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges whwb gvbylI m„wó
K‡i‡Qb| Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© eûePbvZ¥K msL¨v ZLwb eëüZ n‡Z
cv‡i hLb Zvi e³e¨ Gfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq| ÒPj, Avgiv
gvbyl m„wó KwiÓ (Avw` cy¯—K 1t 26); wKš‘ GUv †h ïaygvÎ
evMˆkjx Zvi cÖgvY †g‡j wKQy c‡iB GKePb msL¨v †_‡K,
Ck¦i gvbyl‡K Zuvi wbR¯^ Kíbvq m„wó K‡i‡Qb| (Avw` cy¯—K 5
: 27), myZivs mªóv wKš‘ GKRbB| Dciš‘ evB‡e‡ji †ZviY
wbg©vY weei‡YI Avgiv cvV Kwi †h ÒCk¦i ej‡jb, Pj Avgiv
bx‡P bvwg Ges †mLv‡b Zv‡ì fvlv Zvj‡Mvj cvwK‡q †M‡QÓ
(Avw` cy¯—K 11 : 7); wKš‘ cieZ©x ev‡K¨B Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB
†h cÖK…Zc‡¶ G KvRwU whwb K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb wQ‡jb GKK mËv
gvÎ|
Ck¦‡ii m‡½ Av`g Av. b~n Av. I Ab¨vb¨ bexi K‡_vcK_‡bi
†¶‡Î KL‡bvB GK mËv Qvov Ab¨ wKQyi D‡jL cvIqv hvq bv|
Zviv Ck¦i‡K GKRb wn‡m‡eB m‡¤^vab K‡i‡Qb| †Kvb †Kvb
mgq Zv‡K Òwh‡nvfvÓ Ab¨vb¨ mgq ÒBeivwn‡gi Ck¦iÓ BZ¨vw`
bv‡gI Zv‡K m‡¤^vab Kiv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ GLv‡b †Kvb m‡›`nB
_vK‡Z cv‡i bv †h cÖ_‡gB hv‡K Ck¦i bv‡g mvaviY m‡¤^vab
Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges c„w_ex I ¯^‡M©i mªóv e‡j hv‡K AvL¨vwqZ Kiv
n‡q‡Q, wZwb GKB mËv|
ag©MÖš¸’ ‡jv‡Z ¯^M©xq `~Z‡ì (Angels) wel‡q evisevi D‡jL
i‡q‡Q hviv KL‡bv KL‡bv Ck¦‡ii bv‡g K_v e‡j‡Qb, wKš‘
Zviv me©`vB mªóv Ges Ck¦‡ii `vm wn‡m‡e Dwj−wLZ... †Kvb
Ae¯’v‡ZB Gme ¯^M©xq `~Z‡K ÒCk¦iÓ ejv †h‡Z cv‡i bv| Zviv
m‡e©v”P mËvi cÖwZØ›Øx n‡Z wKsev Zuvi mggh©v`v m¤úbœ n‡Z
cv‡ib bv|
Ck¦‡ii GKZ¡ m¤úwK©Z me‡P‡q my¯úó †NvlYv Ges Zv‡Z
wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi wel‡q Iì †Uóv‡g‡›U evi evi ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc
Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g wb‡`©k nj, ÒAvgvi c~‡e© Avi †Kvb Ck¦i wQj
bvÓ (hvÎv cy¯—K 20 : 3)| G K_vwU Av‡iv ¯úó K‡i ejv
n‡q‡Q, Ò †n BmivBwjiv, †kvb, whwb cÖfy wZwbB Ck¦i, wZwb
GKRbBÓ (wØZxq weeiY 5 : 4)| G wel‡q cieZ©x bex‡ì
†¶‡Î wK N‡UwQj Zv cybive„wË Kivi my‡hvM Avgvi †bB| †`Lv
hvq, Bqvû`x a‡g© GwU wQj weivU welq Ges Gi d‡j Ck¦‡ii
†kÖôZ¡cY~ © Dcw¯’wZ I ZË¡veavb, wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ G‡Kk¦‡ii Ávb
msi¶Y Ab¨vb¨ RvwZi mv‡_ Zv‡ì cv_©K¨ m~wPZ K‡iwQj,
Ab¨w`‡K evwK wek¦ wQj g~wZ©c~Rvi Abymvix| G RvwZi gva¨‡g
Ges Abym„Z k„•Ljvi gva¨‡g gvby‡li g‡a¨ GB gnvb gZev`
Kvh©Kifv‡e msiw¶Z n‡qwQj Ges Av‡Zv Zv Ae¨vnZ Av‡Q|
wÎZ¡ev` †hgbwU e‡j †ZgbwU c„_K êwkó¨ m¤úbœ GKvwaK
Ck¦i †_‡K _vK‡j Zv bybZg c‡¶ †gŠwjK Bqvû`x ag©-
gZev‡ì j•Nb n‡Zv Ges Zv wbwðZiƒ‡c e¨vL¨v `vwe KiZ,
Dciš‘ Gi wec‡¶ P~ovš— wm×vš— †Ìqv nZ| kvk¦Z wcZvi hw`
†Kvb cyÎ Ges Av‡iv GKwU AvZ¥v †_‡K _v‡K (cweÎ AvZ¥v)
hviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Zuvi wb‡Ri mgvb ¶gZv I gwngv m¤úbœ, hwÌ
Ggb GKwU A_© _vKv DwPZ wQj †h Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KB cÖK…Z
Ck¦i ZeyI mwVKfv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j gvÎ GKRb gvÎ Ck¦i
i‡q‡Qb| b~¨bZg c‡¶ Ggb wm×vš— n‡Z cviZ †h wZb R‡bi
cÖ‡Z¨‡KB hw` cÖK…Z Ck¦i n‡Zb Zviv mK‡j wg‡j wZb Ck¦i
n‡Zb| Z‡e †h‡nZz Iì †Uóv‡g‡›U G ai‡bi wKQy ejv nqwb,
†Kvb AvcwË DÌvcb ev Zvi ReveI †Ìqv nqwb, myZivs
cÖZxqgvb nq †h G aviYvwU ZLb wQj bv| †mKv‡ji †Kvb
e³e¨ ev NUbv †_‡KI G ai‡bi mgm¨vi K_v Rvbv hvq bv|
Bqvû`xiv †h Ávb I Dcjwä w`‡q Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì cweÎ MÖš’
mg~n Aeavb KiZ, Avgiv hw` Zvi Øviv cwiPvwjZ nB, Zv n‡j
hv †`L‡Z cve Zv nj †h L„óxq wÎZ¡ev‡ì gZ †Kvb gZev` †m
me MÖ‡š’ †bB| cÖvPxb ev AvaywbKKv‡ji †Kvb Bqvû`x Zv‡ì
KvQ †_‡K G ai‡bi †Kvb gZev` KL‡bvB MÖnY K‡iwb|
Bqvû`xiv me mgqB Zv‡ì ag©MÖš¸ ’ ‡jv‡K Ck¦i GK, GKvwaK
Ck¦‡ii D‡j¨L bv Kiv Ges †mB AwØZxq mËvB c„w_exi mªóv
cÖf„wZ wk¶v cÖ`v‡bi R‡b¨B eënvi K‡i‡Q Ges Zv‡ì Gme
ag©MÖš’ hvRK I bex‡ì m‡½ K_v ejvi e¨vcv‡i Ck¦i, ¯^M©xq
`~Z (†d‡ikZv) Qvov Zv‡ì cvkvcvwk Ab¨ †Kvb mËvi K_v
e‡jwb|
L„óvbiv Kíbv K‡i †h wÎ-Ck¦‡ii g‡a¨ gmx‡ni (Messiah)
¯’vb nj wØZxq| wKš‘ Bqvû`xiv KL‡bvB G ai‡bi †Kvb welq
Kíbv K‡iwb| Ab¨w`‡K Avgiv hw` G gnvb e¨w³i bweZ¡
m¤ú‡K© fwel¨r evYxi welqwU we‡ePbv Kwi, Avgiv †`L‡Z cve
†h Zviv Zv‡K gvby‡li evB‡i AwZwi³ wKQy wn‡m‡e cÖZ¨vkv
K‡iwb| GUv wbtm‡›`‡n m‡š—vlRbK| gmxn‡K Ò¯¿x‡jv‡Ki mš—
vbÓ wk‡ivbv‡gi Aa¨v‡q Avgv‡ì c~e© cyi“l‡ì Kv‡Q †NvlYv
Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b nqÓ (Avw` cy¯—K 3 : 13)| Ck¦i
Beivwng Av. †K cÖwZkÖ“wZ w`‡qwQ‡jb †h c„w_ex‡Z Zvi
eskaiM‡Yi cÖwZ Ck¦‡ii Avkxe©v` _vK‡e (Avw` cy¯—K 12 :
3)| G welqwU (†gv‡UI hw` gmx‡ni mv‡_ RwoZ n‡q _v‡K)
Avgv‡ì‡K †h aviYv †`q Zv nj GB †h Zvi †Kvb mš—vb ev
eskai gvbe mgv‡Ri R‡b¨ GK weivU Avkxe©v` e‡q Avbvi
KviY n‡eb| G cÖm‡½ gmxn m¤ú‡K© gymvi Av. Kw_Z eY©bvi
K_vI D‡j¨L Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, Avwg Zv‡ì
bex wn‡m‡e m„wó Kie Zv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K, †Zvgvi gZ, Ges Zvi
gy‡L †è Avgvi evYx Ges Avwg Zv‡K hv wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kie †m
Zv Zv‡ì Kv‡Q e¨³ Ki‡e : (wØZxq weeiY 18t 18)| GLv‡b
wÎZ¡ev` Abyhvqx wØZxq Ck¦‡ii gZ wKQy †bB ev wcZvi mgK¶
†Kvb e¨w³i K_v ejv nqwb- GLv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q GKRb bexi
K_v whwb Ck¦‡ii bv‡g K_v ej‡eb Ges ZvB Ki‡eb hv Kivi
R‡b¨ wZwb wb‡`©wkZ....|
wbD †Uóv‡g‡›UI Avgiv Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© Iì †Uóv‡g‡›Ui gZ GKB
gZev` j¶¨ Kwi| cÖ_g Ges †kÖôZg Hk¦wiK wb‡`©k Kx,
ag©¸i“i G AbymÜv‡bi Rev‡e Avgv‡ì cweÎ AvZ¥v e‡jb, Ò
†n BmivBwjMY, Ck¦‡i cÖ_g wb‡`©k nj Avgv‡ì cÖfy whwb Ck¦i
wZwb GK cÖfÓy BZ¨vw` Ges ag©¸i“ Zvi Rev‡e e‡jb Ònu¨v cÖf!y
Avcwb mZ¨ e‡j‡Qb: KviY Ck¦i GKRbB Av‡Qb Ges wZwb
Qvov Avi †Kvb Ck¦i †bBÓ BZ¨vw`|
hxï me©`vB Zvi Ck¦i I wcZv wn‡m‡e GB GK Ck¦‡ii
DcvmbvB K‡i‡Qb| wZwb ej‡Zb Zuvi ag©gZ I kw³ wZwb
Ck¦‡ii KvQ †_‡KB cÖvß Ges wZwb evisevi Zvi wb‡Ri †Kvb
kw³ ev ¶gZv _vKvi K_v A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb (†hvnb 5 t19),
ÒZLb hxï Reve w`‡jb Ges Zv‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ej‡jb, ÔwbðqB,
wbðqB Avwg †Zvgv‡ì ejwQ, cyÎ wb‡R wKQyB Ki‡Z cv‡i
bv|Ó ÒAvwg †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q hv e¨³ K‡iwQ, Zv Avgvi wb‡Ri
K_v bq, †m¸‡jv nj Avgvi wcZvi whwb Avgvi wfZ‡i evm
K‡ib, wZwbB mewKQy K‡ibÓ (MvjvZx 14 : 19)| ÒAvgvi
mn‡hvMx‡ì Kv‡Q Mgb Ki Ges Zv‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ej, Avwg
Avgvi wcZvi I †Zvgv‡ì wcZvi Ges Avgvi Ck¦i I †Zvgv‡ì
Ck¦‡ii Aaxb¯’Ó (MvjvZxq 20 : 17)| †Kvb Ck¦i G ai‡bi
fvlv eënvi Ki‡eb, †Kvbµ‡gB Zv n‡Z cv‡i bv|
†kl w`‡Ki ag©cÖPviKMY Zv‡ì †jLv, K_v evZ©vi GKB
wek¦vm I aviYv e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| Zviv wcZv‡K GKgvÎ cÖK…Z
Ck¦i Ges L„ó‡K GKRb gvbyl I Ck¦‡ii ev›`v wn‡m‡eB
Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb whwb Zv‡K cybi“¾xweZ K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Zuvi
cÖwZ AvbyM‡Zï cyi¯‹vi wn‡m‡e L„ó †h mKj kw³i AwaKvix
wQ‡jb Zv wZwb Zv‡K w`‡qwQ‡jb| (†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© 2 : 22)|
wcUvi e‡j‡Qb Ò †n BmivBwjMY, †Zvgiv †kvb, bvRv‡i‡_i
hxï, wZwb †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ Ck¦i KZ©…K g‡bvbxZ, wZwb
A‡jŠwKK, Avðh© ¶gZv I wb`k©bmg~‡ni AwaKvix hv Ck¦i
Zv‡K w`‡q‡Qb, BZ¨vw`, Ck¦i Zv‡K cybi“¾xweZ K‡i‡Qb|Ó
cjI e‡j‡Qb, ÒCk¦i GKRbB weivRgvb Ges Ck¦i I gvby‡li
g‡a¨ GKRb ga¨¯’ wQ‡jb, †mB †jvKwU n‡jb whïwLªóÓ
(Zxg_xq 2 : 5)|
BwZnv‡mi avivq †`Lv hv‡e †h †m me mvaviY gvbyl, hv‡ì
eënv‡ii R‡b¨ wbD †Uóv‡g›U iwPZ n‡qwQj, Zviv †m¸‡jvi
g‡a¨ L„‡ói †Kvb cÖvK- Aw¯—Z¡ ev Ck¦iZ¡ †`‡Lwb| A_P
GLbKvi eû †jvKB `„p wek¦vmx †h Zviv †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Zv
†`‡L‡Q| Zv hw` mZ¨B n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j Iì I wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U
†hgb mywbw`©ó GK Ck¦‡ii gZev` my®úófv‡e wk¶v †Ìqv
n‡q‡Q wÎZ¡ev` †mLv‡b my®úófv‡e wk¶v †Ìqv nqwb †Kb?
b~¨bZgfv‡e wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U †Zv Zv mywbw`©ófv‡e ejv †hZ| †Kb
GKZ¡ev`‡K GZ kZ©nxbfv‡e, wÎZ¡ev‡ì cÖwZ †Kvb Qvo
e¨wZ‡i‡K, hv‡Z G e¨vcv‡i †Kvb weåvwš— bv NU‡Z cv‡i GZ
¯úófv‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q? †hgbwU AvRKvj †Muvov wk¶v
ixwZ, ag©gZ, Dc‡`k mKj †¶‡ÎB wÎZ¡ev‡ì weåvwš—‡K jvjb
Kiv n‡”Q| ag©ZË¡we` MY LyeB gvgywj K_vevZ©vi Dci Abygvb
K‡i A™¢yZ Ges A- e¨vL¨v‡hvM¨ wÎZ¡ gZev` m„wó Ki‡Qb hv
my¯úó, ewjô Ges Ø¨_©nxbfv‡e ag©MÖš’ mgw_©Z e‡j Kv‡iv
Kv‡QB cÖgvY Kiv hvq bv|
evB‡e‡j Ggb eû Ask i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv‡Z my¯úó I ewjôfv‡e
GKZ¡ev‡ì gZev` †NvwlZ n‡q‡Q| wÎZ¡ev‡ì mg_©‡b GiKg
†Kvb GKwU gvÎ Ask D×„Z Kiv hv‡e bv| Zvn‡j my¯úó I
ewjô mv¶¨ cÖgvY e¨wZ‡i‡K inm¨gq me wel‡q Avgiv †Kb
wek¦vm Kie? hviv wek¦vm K‡i †h L„ó nq Ck¦i A_ev Ck¦‡ii
Aax‡b c„w_exi mªóv Zv‡ì we‡ePbvi R‡b¨ Av‡iKwU welq
GLv‡b DÌvwcZ n‡Z cv‡i| GwU nj : Avgv‡ì cÖfy (hxï)
wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© †h fvlvq I fw½‡Z K_v e‡jb Ges Zvi †h
kw³ w`‡q wZwb A‡jŠwKK Kg©KvÊ mvab K‡ib, Zv Zvi fvlvi
mv‡_ AmsMwZc~Y© e‡j g‡b n‡e hw` Zv †_‡K Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³i
†P‡q Zvi wb‡Ri †Kvb kw³ AwaK i‡q‡Q e‡j aviYv Kiv nq|
hw` L„ó c„w_exi mªóv n‡Zb Zvn‡j wZwb wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© ej‡Zb
bv †h wZwb wb‡R wKQy Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv, wZwb hv e‡jb Zv
wb‡Ri K_v bq Ges Zvi g‡a¨ †h wcZv Av‡Q wZwbB mewKQy
K‡ib| †Kvb mvaviY †jvK, Ab¨ mvaviY †jv‡Ki gZ KvR K‡i
hw` G ai‡bi fvlv eënvi KiZ Ges ejZ †h †m wKQy e‡j bv
ev K‡i bv, Zvi gva¨‡g Ck¦iB mewKQy e‡jb I K‡ib Ges †m
†Kvb wKQyB ej‡Z ev Ki‡Z m¶g bqÑ Avgiv ej‡Z wØav
KiZvg bv †h †m nq wg_¨vev`x A_ev ag© AegvbbvKvix...|
hw` g‡b Kiv nq †h L„ó hLb e‡j‡Qb †h Zvi wcZv Zvi †P‡qI
†kÖôZi ZLb wZwb Zvi gvbe mËvi K_v e¨³ K‡i‡Qb, A_P
GKB mv‡_ Zvi Hk¦wiK mËv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Ck¦‡ii mgK¶ wQj,
Zvn‡j Zv n‡e fvlvi Aceënvi| gw_, gvK© ev j~‡Ki Mm‡c‡j
Hk¦wiKZ¡, GgbwK AwZ ˆ`weK mËv e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv hvq,
Ggb wKQy hxïi cÖwZ Av‡ivwcZ nqwb| R‡bi Mm‡c‡ji
f~wgKvq G ai‡bi wKQy Avfvm Av‡Q e‡j ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡jI
GK_v we‡klfv‡e D‡jL¨ †h †mLv‡b Ggb eû Ask Av‡Q hv‡Z
P~ovš— fv‡e hxï‡K GKRb mvaviY gvbyl wn‡m‡eB wPwýZ Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
GLb G L„óvbiv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i bv †h hv‡ì R‡b¨
Mm‡cjmg~n iwPZ n‡qwQj †mB Bqvû`x A_ev A-Bqvû`x‡ì
GZ ¸i“Z¡cY~ © GKwU wel‡q Z‡_ï cÖ‡qvRb wQj bv hv G Dfq
†kÖwYi †jvK‡ì aviYvi evB‡i wQj eis hv GKB mg‡q µz‡ki
mgv‡jvPbv‡K Kvh©Kifv‡e Ave„Z K‡iwQj, hv wQj †m hy‡Mi
L„óvb‡ì Ae¨vnZ `y`©kvi KviY| L„‡ói Ck¦iZ¡ A_ev Zvi c~e©
Aw¯—‡Z¡i gZev` hw` mZ¨ nq Zvn‡j Zv †h AwZ fxlY
¸i“Z¡cY~ © I AvMÖ‡nvÏxcK welq Zv‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n †bB| wKš‘
†h‡nZz G L„óvbiv †m¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© mywbw`©ó I my¯úó †Kvb
weeiY w`‡Z cv‡i bv Ges Zv‡ì ¸i“Z¡ m¤ú‡K©I wKQy e‡j bv,
myZivs wbwðZfv‡e ejv hvq G¸‡jv Zv‡ì AÁvZ wQj|
Av‡iKwU cÖkI œ Zv‡ì‡K Aek¨B Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Zv nj,
ag©cÖPviKvixiv hLb hxï‡K Ck¦i A_ev Ck¦‡ii Aaxb c„w_exi
mªóv‡K GK AwZ- ˆ`weK kw³ wn‡m‡e Avwe®‹vi Ki‡jb,
ZviciI Zviv wK fv‡e Zv‡ì †cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh©vejx (Book of
Acts) MÖ‡š’ Ges cÎvewj‡Z memgqB hxï‡K GKRb gvbyl
wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡jb? D³ aviYvi ci GUv wQj
Agh©v`vKi, A¯^vfvweK I A‡hŠw³K, gvby‡li iƒ‡c Zvi
Dcw¯’wZ G‡Kev‡iB †egvbvb|... Avmyb, Avgiv †cÖwiZ‡ì I
hxïi wkl¨‡ì ¯’v‡b wb‡R‡ì ¯’vcb Kwi| Zviv wbwðZfv‡e
hxï‡K Zv‡ì gZB GKRb gvbyl wn‡m‡e †f‡ewQ‡jb e‡jB
Zvi mv‡_ mv¶vr I K_vevZ©v e‡jwQ‡jb| G e¨vcv‡i †Kvb
m‡›`n _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| Gici, wZwb gvbyl bb, eis cÖK…Z
c‡¶ Ck¦i, A_ev c„w_exi mªóv e‡j Rvb‡Z cvi‡j Zv‡ì we¯§q
†ZgbwUB nZ †hgbwU Avgv‡ì n‡e hw` Avgiv Avwe®‹vi Kwi
†h Avgv‡ì †PbvRvbv †Kvb GKRb gvbyl ev¯—‡e Ck¦i A_ev
c„w_exi mªóv| GLv‡b Avgv‡ì we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e †h Avgv‡ì
†Kgb Abyf~wZ nZ Ges Avgiv G ai‡bi GKRb e¨w³i mv‡_
†Kgb eënvi KiZvg Ges Zvi mv‡_ Kxfv‡e K_v ejZvg|
Avwg Av¯’vkxj †h †KD hw` Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i †h GB †jvKwU
Ck¦i A_ev GKRb ¯^M©xq `~Z, †m KL‡bvB H e¨w³‡K Avi
gvbyl wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡e bv| †m Gici †_‡K Zvi c` I
gh©v`vi Dc‡hvMx cš’vq Zvi mv‡_ K_v ej‡e|
aviv hvK, Avgv‡ì mv‡_ mswk−ó †h †Kvb `yÕe¨w³ cix¶v
wbix¶vi ci ¯^M©xq `~Z gvB‡Kj I M¨vweª‡qj (†d‡ikZv
wgKvBj I wReivBj) e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡jb| GiciI wK Avgiv
Zv‡ì gvbyl e‡jB AvL¨vwqZ Kie? Aek¨B bv| Avgiv ZLb
¯^vfvweKfv‡eB eÜz‡ì eje, ÒH `yB e¨w³ hv‡ì Avgiv gvbyl
e‡j RvbZvg, Zviv gvbyl bb, QÙ‡e‡k ¯^M©xq `~Z|Ó G K_vwU
n‡e ¯^vfvweK| whïwLªó hw` c„w_ex‡Z Avmvi c~‡e© gvby‡li
PvB‡Z †ewk wKQy n‡Zb, we‡kl K‡i wZwb hw` Ck¦i ev c„w_exi
mªóv n‡q _vK‡Zb, wZwb KL‡bvB c„w_ex‡Z _vKvKv‡j GKRb
gvbyl wn‡m‡e KL‡bvB MY¨ n‡Zb bv, †Kbbv wZwb Zvi †kÖôZ¡ I
Avmj êwkó¨ Z¨vM Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| wZwb hw` QÙ‡e‡kI
_vK‡Zb Zvn‡j cÖK…Zc‡¶ wZwb c~‡e© hv wQ‡jb ZvB _vK‡Zb
Ges hviv Zv‡K cÖK…Zc‡¶ wPbZ, Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †mfv‡eB wZwb
AvL¨vwqZ n‡Zb|
hxï L„ó‡K ZLb †Kvbµ‡gB b¨vqwbô, hyw³ev`x gvbyl wn‡m‡e
MY¨ Kiv n‡Zv bv, hwÌ Zvi evwn¨K Dcw¯’wZ gvbyl‡K Awff~³
KiZ Ges Zviv Zv‡K G bv‡g WvKZ bv|
wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui evM- êwk‡óï w`‡K `„wó w`‡j cÖwZwU †jv‡Ki
g‡b †h K_vUv bvov †`‡e Zv nj ÔL„óÕ I ÔCk¦iÕ bvgK `yÕwU
AvL¨v hv ci¯úi we‡ivax wn‡m‡e AvMv‡MvovB eënvi n‡q‡Q
ÔCk¦iÕ I ÔgvbylÕ kã Ø‡qi gZ| Avgiv hw` k‡ãi mvaviY
eënv‡ii welqwU we‡ePbv Kwi, Avgiv m‡š—v‡li mv‡_ †`L‡Z
cve †h GgbwU KLbB NUZ bv hw` cÖ_gwU c‡iiwUi ¸Y
wb‡`©kK n‡Zv, A_©vr hw` L„ó Ck¦i n‡Zb|
Avgiv ewj, ÒivRcyÎ Ges ivRvÓ, KviY ivRcyÎ ivRv bb| hw`
wZwb ivRv n‡Zb, Zvn‡j Avg‡ì‡K Ab¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨m~PK kã
†hgb Òe„nr I ¶z`Óª ÔEaŸ©Zb I Aa¯—bÕ ÔwcZv I cyÎÕ BZ¨vw`
eënvi Ki‡Z n‡Z| hLb ag©cÖPviK cj e‡jb †h Kwib‡_i
PvP© L„‡ói Ges L„ó Ck¦‡ii GKRb, (wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U evisevi
GiKg D‡jL Av‡Q) ZLb cÖZxqgvb nq †h A_©cY~ ©fv‡e L„‡ói
Ck¦i nIqv m¤ú‡K© Zvi †Kvb aviYv wQj bv| Abyiƒcfv‡e
wK¬‡gÝ †ivgvbvm KZ©…K L„ó‡K ÒHk¦wiK gwngvi ivR`ÊÓ
wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv †_‡K ch©vß cÖgvY †g‡j †h Zvi g‡Z
ivR`Ê nj GK wRwbm Ges Ck¦i Ab¨ wRwbm| Avgvi e³e¨
GB †h K_vwU hLb cÖ_g ejv n‡qwQj ZLb Zvi A_© GiKgB
wQj|
evB‡ej¸‡jvi mvgwMÖK gg© Ges KwZcq we‡ePbv †_‡K wm×vš—
Kiv hvq †h †m¸‡jv wÎZ¡ev‡ì A_ev L„‡ói Ck¦iZ¡ A_ev cÖvK
Aw¯—‡Z¡i c‡¶ †gv‡UB AbyK‚j bq| Dciš‘ Av‡iKwU we‡ePbvi
w`‡K j¶¨ Kiv hvq †hw`‡K Kv‡iviB `„wó Lye GKUv c‡owb hv
GmKj gZev‡ì m¤ú~Y© cwicš’x Ges Zv Zv‡ì ag©MÖ‡š’i
gZev‡ìI wei“‡×| †mwU nj hxï gmxn n‡jI †m welqwU
ag©cÖPviK I Bqvû`x‡ì Kv‡Q AZ¨š— mZK©Zvi mv‡_ cÖKvk
Kiv n‡qwQj| Avg‡ì cÖfy `xN© mgq hver G wel‡q my¯úó
wKQyB e‡jbwb, eis Bqvû`x‡ì gZ Zvi wkl¨‡ìI Zuv‡K †`‡L
wm×vš— †bqvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì Dci †Q‡o †`b| wZwb ïay Zvi Kv‡Q
e¨vwÞó †hvnb Gi †cÖwiZ `~Z‡ì‡KB e¨vcviwU Rvwb‡q wQ‡jb|
hxï wb‡R‡K gmxn e‡j †NvlYvi ci hw` m‡e©v”P cy‡ivwnZ Zvi
†cvkvK wQu‡o †djvi gva¨‡g AvZ¼ cÖKvk K‡i _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j
wZwb hw` Ab¨ †Kvb D”PZi iKg `vwe Ki‡Zb, Zv †kvbv ev
m‡›`n Kivi ci H cy‡ivwnZ wK Ki‡Zb? hw` wZwb †m iKg
wKQy `vwe Ki‡Zb Z‡e wbðqB Zv cÖKvk †cZ| hLb mvaviY
gvbyl Zuvi A‡jŠwKK Kvh©vejx cÖZ¨¶ Kij, Zviv wew¯§Z
n‡qwQj G †f‡e †h Ck¦i GKRb gvbyl‡K G ai‡bi ¶gZv `vb
Ki‡Z cv‡ib! RbMY hLb Zv †`Lj Zviv wew¯§Z I PgrK…Z
nj Ges Ck¦‡ii gwngv †NvlYv Kij whwb gvbyl‡K G ai‡bi
¶gZv w`‡q‡Qb (gw_ 9 : 8)| †n‡iv` †h mgq Zvi K_v
ïb‡jb, †KD †KD aviYv Kij wZwb Bwjqvm Av. †KD †KD
ejj wZwb bex Ges †KD †KD ejj wZwb cybR©xeb jvfKvix
†hvnb| wKš‘ †KDB Zuv‡K m‡e©v”P Ck¦i A_ev Ck¦‡ii Aaxb
c„w_exi mªóv wn‡m‡e fv‡ewb| GKwU †jvKI GK_v e‡j bv †h
hxï Zvi wb‡Ri kw³‡Z GiKg A‡jŠwKK ¶gZv cÖ`k©b
Ki‡Qb| †cÖwiZMY hw` cÖK…Zc‡¶ hxïi Ck¦i‡Z¡i gZev`B
cÖPvi Ki‡Zb Ges ag©vš—wiZ Bqvû`xiv hw` mvgwMÖKfv‡e Zv
MÖnY KiZ Zvn‡j Awek¦vmx Bqvû`x‡ì g‡a¨ Zv Aek¨B
mywew`Z _vKZ Ges †m mgq hviv c~e©vci GKZ¡ev‡` `„pfv‡e
wek¦vmx wQj Zviv wK GKvwaK Ck¦‡ii ag©gZ cÖPv‡ii R‡b¨
L„óvb‡ì Kv‡Q AvcwË DÌvcb KiZ bv? GLb ch©š— †cÖwiZ‡ì
Kvh©vejx MÖš’ wKsev wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui †KvbLv‡bB G ai‡bi †Kvb
wKQyi mv¶vr cvIqv hvqwb| `yB A_ev wZbRb Ck¦i m¤úwK©Z
Awf‡hv‡Mi Reve `vb KwZcq cÖvPxb L„óvb cv`ªxi iPbvi D‡j-
L‡hvM¨ Ask wQj| ZviciI †Kb Avgiv †cÖwiZ‡ì mg‡q G
ai‡bi wKQy Luy‡R cvB bv? Gi Reve GKUvBÑ Avi Zv nj GB
†h, ZLb Ggb cwiw¯’wZi D™¢e nqwb Ges L„‡ói Ck¦i‡Z¡i
gZevÌ DÌvwcZB nqwb| gw›ì I AvB‡bi wei“‡× K_v ejv
Qvov wó‡d‡bi wei“‡× Avi wK Awf‡hvM wQj (†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© 6
: 13)? Avgiv hw` c‡ji mKj md‡iB Zvi m½x nB Ges
Bqvû`x‡ì Dcvmbvj‡q (Synagogue) Bqvû`x‡ì mv‡_ Zvi
Av‡jvPbvmg~‡n †hvM †`B, Zv‡ì Aweivg I cÖPÊ wbh©vZ‡bi
welq j¶ Kwi, Zvn‡j †`L‡Z cve †h wZwb hxïi bqv Ck¦i‡Z¡i
cÖPvi K‡i‡Qb e‡j Bqvû`xiv †Kvb m‡›`n cÖKvk Ki‡Q bv| hw`
hxïi Ck¦iZ¡ cÖPvi Kiv n‡Zv Zvn‡j Bqvû`xiv Zv‡ì wPivPwiZ
wbq‡g GK bqv Ck¦‡ii cÖPvi n‡”Q e‡j Awf‡hvM DÌvcb
KiZ|
†cÖwiZMY KL‡bvB hxïi Ck¦iZ¡ ev c~e© Aw¯—‡Z¡i gZ †Kvb
gZev‡ì e¨vcv‡i wK KL‡bv wb‡`©wkZ n‡qwQ‡jb? hw` ZvB nZ
Zvn‡j Zvi mv‡_ Zv‡ì ms‡hvM ¯’vc‡bi mgqKvjwU Avgv‡ì
Kv‡Q aiv coZ †h‡nZz †mwU wQj ZLbI m¤ú~Y© bZzb I
A¯^vfvweK GK gZev`| hw` G wel‡qi mZ¨Zv m¤ú‡K© Zviv
`„pfv‡e m‡›`ngy³ bv _vK‡Zb, Zvn‡j ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB Zviv
we¯§q cÖKvk Ki‡Zb| Zviv hw` AwePj wek¦v‡m Zv Ab¨‡ì
wk¶v w`‡Zb Z‡e Zviv Zv‡ì Zvr¶wYK fv‡e MÖnY KiZ bv|
wKQy welq m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n _vK‡j Zv‡ì ZK©- weZK© Kiv wKsev
KZK¸‡jv wel‡q AvcwËi Reve w`‡Z n‡Zv| wKš‘ Zv‡ì mgMÖ
BwZnv‡m Ges Zv‡ì wekvj iPbvi fvÊv‡i Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì
we¯§q ev m‡›`n wKsev Ab¨‡ì m‡›`n ev AvcwËi †Kvb cÖgvY
†g‡j bv|
GK_v Aek¨B ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e †h Dcvmbvi h_vh_ j¶ë¯‘
n‡”Qb wcZv Ck¦i, wÎZ¡ev‡` hv‡K Ck¦i‡ì g‡a¨ cÖ_g e¨w³
ejv nq| Kvh©Z ag©MÖš’¸‡jv‡Z GiKg †Kvb Aby‡gvw`Z weavb
cvIqv hvq bv hv Avgv‡ì Ab¨ †Kvb Ck¦i ev Z`vbyiƒc KvD‡K
m‡¤^vab Ki‡Z e‡j| G wel‡q ¯^‡cœ hxï‡K †`Lvi ci Zuvi
D‡Ï‡k¨ wó‡d‡bi Kw_Z msw¶ß fvl‡bi D‡j¨L ¸i“Z¡nxb| hxï
me mgqB Zuvi wcZv Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv Ki‡Zb, Avi Zv wZwb
Ki‡Zb GZ webxZ I AvZ¥ mgwc©Z fv‡e hv GKRb AwZ
wbf©ikxj e¨w³i c‡¶B ïay Kiv m¤¢e| wZwb Ck¦i‡K me©`vB
Zuvi wcZv e‡j A_ev Zuvi Rxe‡bi cÖfy e‡j m‡¤^vab Ki‡Zb
Ges wZwb Zuvi wkl¨‡ìI GKB mËvi cÖv_©bv Kivi R‡b¨ wb‡`©k
w`‡Zb| wZwb ej‡Zb, Avgv‡ì ZuviB Dcvmbv Kiv DwPZ|
Z`byhvqx ïaygvÎ wcZvi cÖv_©bv Kiv wQj Pv‡P©i my`xN©Kv‡ji
wbqg I HwZn¨| wjUvwb‡Z (Litany) †hgbwU i‡q‡Q, ÒcÖfy
Avgv‡ì Ki“Yv KiÓ, ÒL„ó Avgv‡ì Ki“Yv KiÓÑ G ai‡bi
msw¶ß cÖv_©bv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e A‡bK c‡i cÖeZ©b Kiv nq|
wK¬‡g›Uxq cÖv_©bv hv me‡P‡q cÖvPxb cÖv_©bv wn‡m‡e AvRI
we`¨gvb Ges MxR©v msµvš— msweav‡bi Aš—f©y³, GwU iwPZ
n‡qwQj PZz_© kZvãx‡Z Ges †mLv‡b G ai‡bi †Kvb welq
†bB| Awi‡Rb cÖv_©bv welqK GK wekvj MÖ‡š’ AZ¨š— ewjôZvi
mv‡_ ïay wcZv‡K Dcvmbvi AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q‡Qb, L„ó‡K bq;
Ges †h‡nZz Rbmvavi‡Yi G ai‡bi cÖv_©bvi †¶‡Î wb›`vi ev
†`v‡li wKQy Av‡Q Ggb K_v wZwb e‡jbwb, ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB
Avgiv a‡i wb‡Z cvwi †h L„‡ói Kv‡Q c~‡e©v³ ai‡bi KvZi
Abybq webq Kiv L„óvb‡ì MY cÖv_©bv mfvi Kv‡Q AÁvZ wQj|
GLv‡b †cÖwiZ‡ì BwZnv‡mi GKRb wewkó e¨w³ I NUbvi cÖwZ
`„wó †`qv hvK| †n‡iv` hLb †Rgm‡K nZ¨v Ki‡jb (hwb
wQ‡jb R‡bi fvB) Ges wcUvi‡K e›`x Ki‡jb, Avgiv cvV Kwi
†h Pv‡P© Aweivg ÒCk¦‡ii D‡Ïk¨Ó cÖv_©bv Kiv n‡qwQj; L„‡ói
D‡Ï‡k¨ bq, ÒZuvi Rb¨Ó (†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© 12 : 5)| cj I
mvBjvm hLb wdwjwci KvivMv‡i e›`x wQ‡jb, Avgiv cvV Kwi
†h ZLb Zviv ÒCk¦‡ii ¸YMvb I cÖksmv K‡iwQ‡jbÓ
(†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© 16 : 25) hxïi bq; Ges hLb cj‡K
†Ri“hv‡jg Mgb Ki‡j Zvi cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© ûuwkqvi K‡i
†Ìqv nj, ZLb wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb ÒCk¦i hv B”Qv K‡ib ZvB
n‡e (†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© 21 : 14)| G †_‡K Aek¨B g‡b Kiv hvq
†h Zviv wcZv Ck¦i‡KB eywS‡q‡Qb, KviY hxï wb‡RI G †¶‡Î
GKB fvlv eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb| †hgb Ck¦‡ii DcvmbvKv‡j
wZwb ej‡Zb : Avgvi B”Qvq bq, Avcbvi B”QvB c~iY
†nvK...|
c~‡e©B ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h ag©MÖš’mg~‡n wÎZ¡ev‡ì gZ †Kvb gZev`
†bB| GUv my¯úófv‡e cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q †h †Kvb hyw³ev`x
b¨vqwbô gvby‡li c‡¶ G wÎZ¡ev` MÖnY ev aviY Kiv Am¤¢e,
†Kbbv Gi ¯^we‡ivwaZv GUv‡K A_©nxb K‡i w`‡q‡Q|
G_vbvwmqv‡mi wÎ-Ck¦i welqK gZev‡` †Rvi w`‡q ejv n‡q‡Q
†h wcZv, cyÎ ev AvZ¥vi Kv‡iviB †Kvb wKQyi Afve †bB,
†Kbbv Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖ‡Z¨‡K cÖK…Z I h_vh_ Ck¦i, cÖ‡Z¨‡KB
Awebk¦iZvi w`K w`‡q mgvb Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Hk¦wiKZvq
c~Y©v½| wKš‘ Zv m‡Ë¡I Giv wZbRb wZb Ck¦i bb, ïay GK
Ck¦i| d‡j Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K c~Y©v½ Ck¦i nIqv m‡Ë¡I GK Ges
eû DfqB| GwU wbtm‡›`‡n GK ¯^we‡ivax welqÑ †hgb GK_v
ejv †h wcUvi, †Rgb I Rb G‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB GK GKRb
c~Y©v½ gvbyl nIqvi R‡b¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mewKQyB Av‡Q, Z‡e Zviv
mw¤§wjZfv‡e wZb e¨w³ bqÑ GKRb gvÎ| ÒCk¦iÓ A_ev
ÒgvbylÓ kã Ø‡qi mv‡_ mswk−ó aviYv mg~n G `yÕwU cÖ¯—v‡ei
cÖK…wZ‡Z †Kvb cv_©K¨ m~wPZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wbwmqvi
KvDwÝ‡ji ci GB we‡kl ixwZ‡ZB wÎZ¡ev‡ì gZev`‡K e¨vL¨v
Kivi eû `„óvš— i‡q‡Q| †m hy‡Mi hvRK I cÖv`ªxMY we‡klfv‡e
wZb Òe¨w³iÓ c~Y©v½ mgK¶Zv i¶vi e¨vcv‡i we‡kl AvMÖnx
wQ‡jb| Avi Zv Ki‡Z wM‡q Zviv GK‡Z¡i welqwU m¤ú~Y©
wemR©b w`‡qwQ‡jb| hv †nvK, G gZev` Kxfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv
n‡qwQj, †mwU †Kvb e¨vcvi bv n‡jI G¸‡jvi GKwU‡K me©`vB
Ab¨wUi R‡b¨ ewj w`‡Z nq| †h‡nZz Òe¨w³Ó (Person) I
ÒmËvÓ (being) k‡ãi eënvi wb‡q gvbyl weåvwš—i wkKvi, †m
Kvi‡Y Zv mywbw`©ó nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| ÒmËvÓ AvL¨vwU cÖ‡Z¨KwU
wel‡qi Ges Zvici wÎ-Ck¦‡ii wZb e¨w³i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki ¸YevPK
AvL¨v n‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY ¯îƒc hw` ejv nq L„óB Ck¦i| wKš‘
GLv‡b †Kvb mËv †bB, êwkó¨ †bB hv w`‡q Zvi ¸Y cÖKvk
cvq| Zvn‡j GUv‡K GK A_©nxb welq Qvov Avi wKQy ejv hvq
bv| wKš‘ hLb ejv nq †h Gme e¨w³‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KB ¯^qs Ck¦i,
Gi A_© Aek¨B GB n‡e †h wcZv c„_Kfv‡e GKwU mËv, cyÎ
c„_Kfv‡e GKwU mËv Ges Z`vbyiƒc cweÎ AvZ¥viI ¯^Zš¿fv‡e
GKwU mËv i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b wZbwU mËvi wZbRbB e¨w³| †m
†¶‡Î GB wZbRb Ck¦i Qvov Avi wK n‡Z cv‡ib hw` bv
Abygvb Kiv hvq †h wZbRb mgwš^Z e¨w³ A_ev wZbRb wcZv,
wZbRb cyÎ A_ev wZbRb cweÎ AvZ¥v Av‡Qb?
wcZvi hw` Rb¥`v‡bi inm¨gq wewPÎ ¶gZv _v‡K, Z‡e GLbI
Zv mwµq bq †Kb? wZwb hw` AcwieZ©bxq bvB n‡eb Zvn‡j
ïi“‡Z hv wQj GLb Zv †bB †Kb? Zuvi c~Y©v½Zv wK GKB Av‡Q
Ges Zuvi cwiKíbv Kivi ¶gZvI wK GKiB iKg i‡q‡Q? ZvB
hw` nq Zv n‡j Av‡iv mš—vb wZwb Drcv`b K‡ibwb †Kb? †Muvov
hvRKiv †hgbwU wRÁvmv K‡i †m iKg wZwb wK mš—vb Rb¥`v‡b
A¶g n‡q c‡o‡Qb? A_ev wZwb Zuvi Rb¥`v‡bi ¶gZv Kv‡R
jvMv‡eb wKbv †mB B”Qv I gwR©i DciB wK Zv wbf©ikxj? wZwb
Zuvi Øviv wfbœfv‡e m„ó Ab¨ †Kvb iƒc ev AvK…wZ m¤úbœ Ab¨
†Kvb wKQyi gZB? Ges wZwb ZuviB gZ GKB Dcv`v‡b MwVZ
n‡eb wK bv?
G cÖkIœ Aek¨B Ki‡Z n‡e †h wÎ-Ck¦‡ii Z…Zxq e¨w³ †Kvb
cš’vq Drcbœ n‡q‡Qb| Zv‡K cÖ_g `yÕe¨w³i ¯^- ¯^ c~Y©v½Zvi
AwfcÖvq †_‡K †hŠ_ ¶gZvi gva¨‡g n‡q‡Q? hw` ZvB nq,
Zvn‡j GKB Kvh©µ‡g †Kb PZz_© ev c‡i Av‡iv Drcbœ Kiv nj
bv?
hv †nvK, wÎZ¡ev‡ì GB A™¢yZ Rb¥`v‡bi K_v ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡j
cy‡Îi e¨w³K Aw¯—Z¡ Zvi wcZvi †gav †_‡KB DrmvwiZ e‡j
Aek¨B ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z nq, Avi Zv cy‡Îi Zzjbvq wbwðZfv‡e
wcZvi AMÖvwaKvi A_ev †kÖô‡Z¡i K_vB Zz‡j a‡i| Avi †Kvb
mËvB h_vh_ Ck¦i n‡Z cv‡i bv hw` Zvi †P‡q EaŸ©Zb ev †kÖô
†KD _v‡K, ms‡¶‡c GB cwiKíbv Kvh©Kifv‡e h_vh_
mgK¶Zvi Ges cvkvcvwk wÎZ¡ev‡` wZb e¨w³i GK‡Z¡i
gZev`‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i|
wÎZ¡ev‡ì e¨vcv‡i cÖavb AvcwË GB †h GwU nj Hk¦wiK
cÖZ¨v‡`‡ki cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ Dcvmbvi j¶ë¯‘ wn‡m‡e GKZ¡ev`
cÖwZôvi cwicš’x| GB GKZ¡ev‡ì ms¯‹vi Kiv A_ev Abïƒ‡c
Zvi AbymiY m‡›`‡ni welq e‡jB we‡ewPZ ev MY¨ n‡e| Avi
Zv G Kvi‡Y †h G gZev` eû Ck¦i Z_v †cŠËwjK Dcvmbvi
cÖeZ©b K‡i|60
Bsj¨v‡Êi GKZ¡ev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi Mfxi cÖfve Av‡gwiKv‡ZI
c‡owQj| K¨vjwfbcš’x GKwU †Mvôxi gva¨‡g Gi m~Pbv n‡qwQj|
wKš‘ mß`k kZvãx bvMv` wewfbœ cÖwZôvb ax‡i ax‡i ag©xq AvkÖ‡g
cwiYZ nq Ges G ch©v‡q ag©g‡Zi Dci ZZ †ewk ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv
nZ bv| Gfv‡e ax‡i ax‡i ag©xq cwieZ©‡bi c_ Db¥y³ nq| Pvj©m
Pbmx (Charles Chauncy, 1705-1757 L„.) wQ‡jb †evó‡bi
Awaevmx| wZwb GK Ck¦‡i wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi GK mywbw`©ó wb‡`©kbv
cÖ`vb K‡ib| †Rgm wd«g¨v‡bi (1759-1835 L„.) †bZ…‡Z¡ wKsm
P¨vcv‡ji ag©xq mgv‡ek wÎZ¡ev` welqK Zv‡ì A¨vsMwjKvb wMR©vi
mKj ixwZ- bxwZ we‡jvc K‡i| 1785 L„. G NUbv N‡U| Gfv‡e
Av‡gwiKvq cÖ_g GKZ¡ev`x Pv‡P©i Aw¯—Z¡ †NvwlZ nq| wcÖówji
gZev` cÖKv‡k¨ gyw`ªZ I weZwiZ n‡Z _v‡K| AwaKvsk †jvKB Zv
MÖnY K‡i| Gi dj wn‡m‡e †evó‡b GKRb Qvov mKj hvRK
†bZ…e„›` KZ©…K GKZ¡ev` M„nxZ nq|
DBwjqvg Gjwi P¨vwbs (W. Ellery Channing, 1780-

1882)
BDwjqvg Gjvwi P¨vwbs 1780 L„. Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| 23 eQi
eq‡m wZwb †evó‡b AvMgb K‡ib Ges hvR‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb ïi“
K‡ib| wZwb GKZ¡ev`x wPš—v Øviv wecyjfv‡e cÖfvweZ n‡qwQ‡jb|
P¨vwbs KL‡bvB wÎZ¡ev` MÖnY K‡ibwb, Z‡e †m mgq Zv cÖKv‡k¨
†NvlYv Kiv wbivc` wQj bv| Zv‡K Ab¨vb¨ GKZ¡ev`x hvRK‡ì
mv‡_ wg‡j †Mvc‡b wÎZ¡ev` we‡ivax gZev` cÖPv‡ii R‡b¨ Awfhy³
Kiv nq| P¨vwbs Rev‡e e‡jb †h wÎZ¡ev` m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì gZvgZ
Zviv †Mvcb iv‡Lbwb, Z‡e Zviv †m gZev` Ggbfv‡e cÖPvi
K‡i‡Qb †hb Av‡M Kv‡iv Zv Rvbv wQj bv| P¨vwbs Av‡iv e‡jb,
Zviv G cš’v MÖnY K‡i‡Qb G Kvi‡Y hv‡Z L„óvbiv ci¯ú‡ii wei“‡×
Av‡iv wef³ bv n‡q c‡o| †m Kvi‡Y G ch©v‡q GKZ¡ev`x Av‡›`vjb
cÖKvk¨ iƒc MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
1819 L„. P¨vwbs †ifv‡iÊ R¨v‡iW ¯úvK©‡mi (Jared Sparks)
`vwqZ¡ MÖnY Abyôv‡b GK e³…Zv cÖ`vb K‡ib| wZwb Zvi AbbyKiYxq
ixwZ‡Z GKZ¡ev`x a‡g©i g~j êwkó¨¸‡jv e¨vL¨v K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb
†h wbD‡Uóv‡g‡›Ui wfwË nj Iì †Uóv‡g›U| L„óvb‡ì R‡b¨ †h wk¶v
cÖPvi Kiv n‡q‡Q, ZvB Bqvû`x‡ì g‡a¨ cÖPvi Kiv n‡qwQj| GwU
wQj Ck¦‡ii my`~i cÖmvix wekvj cwiKíbvi c~Y©Zv hv Dcjwä Kivi
R‡b¨ wecyj cÖÁv cÖ‡qvRb|
wZwb e‡jb, GK_v g‡b †i‡L wZwb G wek¦vm e¨³ K‡i‡Qb †h
cweÎ MÖ‡š’i GK As‡k Ck¦i †h wk¶v cÖ`vb K‡ib Zv Ab¨ As‡ki
mv‡_ we‡ivwaZvc~Y© n‡Z cv‡i bv| Ck¦i Zuvi Mfxi we‡ePbvi ci
Ggb me e¨vL¨vi cÖwZ Avgiv Awek¦vm e¨³ Kwi, hv cÖwZwôZ m‡Zï
cwicš’x| P¨vwbs †Rvi w`‡q e‡jb, gvby‡li DwPZ Zvi hyw³ eënvi
Kiv| wZwb e‡jb, ÒCk¦i Avgv‡ì eyw×e„wË w`‡q‡Qb Ges Gi Rb¨
Avgv‡ì Revew`wn Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgiv hw` G‡K eënvi bv K‡i
wbw®Œq ivwL, †h †¶‡Î Avgv‡ì wb‡R‡ìB aŸsm †W‡K Avbv n‡e|
Avgiv eyw×m¤úbœ cÖvYx e‡jB Avgv‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖZ¨v‡`k †cÖiY Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Avgiv Avj‡m¨ wbgw¾Z n‡q Avkv Ki‡Z cvwi †h Ck¦i
Avgv‡ì Ggb eë¯’v w`‡q‡Qb †hLv‡b Zzjbv Kiv, mxgve× Kiv ev
wm×vš— MÖn‡Yi †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb †bB| wKš‘ GUv n‡e Avgv‡ì eZ©gvb
Aw¯—‡Z¡i mvgwMÖK êwk‡óï PvB‡Z c„_K wKQy| cÖZ¨v‡`k †hfv‡e
Avgv‡ì Dci Awc©Z n‡q‡Q Zv‡K †mfv‡eB MÖnY Kiv Ges hvi
Dci Zvi wek¦vm I wfwË wbf©i K‡i †mB g‡bi mvnv‡h¨ Zvi e¨vL¨v
Kiv cÖÁvi KvR|Ó wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ÒCk¦i hw` Acwimxg Ávbx
nb Zvn‡j wZwb Zvi m„wói Ávb wb‡q †KŠZzK Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|
GKRb Ávbx wk¶K Zvi QvÎMY KZ©…K Zv‡K MÖn‡Yi ¶gZvi g‡a¨B
Zvi mv_©KZv †`L‡Z cvb, Zv‡ì †ev‡ai AMg¨ wKQy wk¶v w`‡q
nZwenej K‡i wKsev ci¯úi we‡ivax weZ‡K©i g‡a¨ Zv‡ì
Amnvqfv‡e wb‡¶c K‡i bq| eyw×i AMg¨ evM ˆkjxi Øviv Avgv‡ì
¶gZvi ewnf©~Z wKQy †evSv‡bvi †Póv Kiv Ges weZ‡K©i ga¨ w`‡q
weåvwš— m„wó I †Kvb mgvavb bv Kiv cÖÁvi cwiPvqK bq| GKwU
cÖZ¨v‡`k GKwU Hk¦wiK Dcnvi| Zv Avgv‡ì AÁvbZv‡K e„w× Ges
RwUjZv‡K eûgyLx K‡i bv|Ó
GB bxwZ AbymiY K‡i P¨vwbs e‡jb :
ÒcÖ_‡gB Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi GK Ck¦‡i A_©vr Ck¦i GKRbB Ges
ïaygvÎ GK| GB m‡Zï cÖwZ Avgiv A‡kl ¸i“Z¡ cÖ`vb Kwi Ges
†Kvb e¨w³ hv‡Z e¨_© `k©‡bi gva¨‡g Avgv‡ì‡K weåvš— Ki‡Z bv
cv‡i †m R‡b¨ G e¨vcv‡i mZK© `„wó ivL‡Z Avgiv `vqe×| Ck¦i
GK cÖPvwiZ mZ¨wU Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q AZ¨š— mij e‡j g‡b nq| Gi
Øviv Avgiv eywS †h GKRb gvÎ mËvB i‡q‡Qb| GK mËv, GK gb,
GK e¨w³, GK eyw×gvb NUwqZv Ges AwØZxq †mB GKRbB whwb
Aby™¢‚Z, wPiš—b, m¤ú~Y© wbLuyZ Ges cÖfy‡Z¡i AwaKvix| Avgiv Rvwb
†h GB gnv m‡Zï hviv fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ AvgvbZKvix wQj Ges hviv
mËv I e¨w³i ga¨Kvi Pzj‡Piv cv_©K¨ eyS‡Z G‡Kev‡iB A¶g wQj,
†mB mij I AbbykxwjZ †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q GB me kã Ab¨ †Kvb A_©
enb KiZ bv| G me wePvieyw× g~jZ : Av‡iv cieZ©x Kv‡ji
Avwe®‹vi| Avgiv G ai‡bi †Kvb Avfvm cvB bv †h Ck¦‡ii GKZ¡
Ab¨vb¨ eyw×gvb mËvi GKZ¡ †_‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c c„_K †Kvb welq
wQj|
Avgiv wÎZ¡ev‡ì we‡ivax G Kvi‡Y †h Zv kvwãKfv‡e Ck¦‡ii
GK‡Z¡i K_v ej‡jI Kvh©Z Zvi wecixZ| GB gZev` Abyhvqx
wZbRb Awebk¦i I mgK¶ e¨w³ i‡q‡Qb hviv m‡e©v”P Ck¦i‡Z¡i
AwaKvix, Zv‡ì ejv nq wcZv, cyÎ I cweÎ AvZ¥v| ag©ZvwZ¥KMY
†hgbwU eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, GB me e¨w³i cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB wbR¯^
†PZbv‡eva, B”Qv (gb) I Dcjwä i‡q‡Q Zviv ci¯úi‡K
fv‡jvev‡mb, ci¯úi K_vevZ©v e‡jb Ges G‡K A‡bï mnP‡h©
Drdzj− nb| Zuviv gvby‡li cÖvqwð‡Ëi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi `vwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡ib, cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB i‡q‡Q h_vh_ Kg©¯’j Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡KB hvi hvi
wb‡Ri KvR K‡ib, GKRb Ab¨R‡bi KvR K‡ib bv| cyÎ
ga¨¯’ZvKvix, wZwb wcZv bb| wcZv cyÎ‡K †cÖiY K‡ib, wb‡R
†cÖwiZ nb bv| wZwb cy‡Îi gZ †`n m‡PZb bb| myZivs GLv‡b
Avgiv wZb ai‡bi eyw×gvb NUwqZv‡K cvw”Q hviv wfbœ †PZbv‡eva
m¤úbœ, wfbœ B”Qvi AwaKvix I wfbœ Dcjwä m¤úbœ; Zuviv wfbœ KvR
K‡ib Ges Zuviv wfbœ wfbœ m¤úK© eRvq iv‡Lb| Gme welq hw`
wZbwU ÔgbÕ ev ÔmËvÕ MVb bv K‡i, Zvn‡j Avgiv mZ¨B Rvwb bv †h
wZbwU gb ev mËv Kxfv‡e MwVZ nq| GwU nj êwk‡óï cv_©K¨,
Kg©Kv‡Êi cv_©K¨, †PZbv‡ev‡ai cv_©K¨ hv Avgv‡ì wewfbœ
eyw×m¤úbœ mËvi e¨vcv‡i wek¦vmx K‡i Ges hw` Gme j¶Y mZ¨ bv
nq Zvn‡j mgMÖ Áv‡biB cZb N‡U, KviY Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q †Kvb
cÖgvY †bB †h wek¦- RM‡Zi mKj NUwqZv I e¨w³ GK bb ev Awfbœ
g‡bi bb| Avgiv hLb wZb Ck¦‡ii K_v Kíbv Kivi †Póv Kwi,
Avgiv Avgv‡ì wZbRb NUwqZvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Kivi K_v Qvov †ewk
wKQy fve‡Z cvwi bv hviv GKB cÖKvi êwkó¨ I êwPÎ¨ Øviv ci¯úi
†_‡K c„_K †h¸‡jv wÎZ¡ev‡ì e¨w³‡ìI c„_K K‡i iv‡L| hLb
mvaviY L„óvbiv G e¨w³‡ì wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ K_vevZ©v ej‡Z, G‡K
Aci‡K fv‡jvevm‡Z I wewfbœ Kg©Kv‡Êi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kivi K_v
†kv‡b, ZLb Zviv Kxfv‡e Zv‡ì c„_K mËv, c„_K gb m¤úbœ bb
e‡j g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i?
Avgiv Avgv‡ì mn‡hvMx fvB‡ì wb›`v bv K‡iI g‡b-cÖv‡Y GB
A‡hŠw³K I ag©MÖš’ ewnf©~Z wÎZ¡ev‡ì cÖwZev` Kwi| ag©cÖPviK I
Avw` L„óvb‡ì gZ ÒAvgv‡ì Kv‡QI Ck¦i AwØZxq, GgbwK
wcZvI|Ó hxïi gZ AvgivI wcZvi Dcvmbv Kwi, Avi Zv GKgvÎ
Rxeš— I cÖK…Z Ck¦i wn‡m‡eB| Avgiv Avðh© nB †h †h †Kvb †jvK
wbD †Uóv‡g›U cvV Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges GB wek¦vm cwinvi Ki‡Z cv‡i
†h wcZvB GKgvÎ Ck¦i| Avgiv ïwb †h Avgv‡ì cweÎ AvZ¥v
Ae¨vnZfv‡e Gfv‡e hxïi mv‡_ cv_©K¨ gwÊZ n‡q‡Qb †h ÒCk¦i
Zuvi cyÎ‡K †cÖiY K‡i‡QbÓ, ÒCk¦i hxï‡K cÖwZwbwa wbhy³
K‡i‡Qb|Ó GLb GB AvL¨v hw` hxïi RbÏ mgfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡q
_v‡K Ges G MÖ‡š’i GKwU cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ hw` Zv‡K Ck¦i wn‡m‡e
cÖKvk Kiv n‡q _v‡K, m‡e©v”P Ck¦i wcZvi mgK¶ wn‡m‡e, Zvn‡j
†MvUv wbD †Uóv‡g›U fwZ© evM ˆkjx KZB bv A™¢yZ I Ae¨v‡L¨q n‡q
co‡e| Avgiv Avgv‡ì we‡ivax‡ì wbD †Uóv‡g›U †_‡K Ggb GKwU
Ask D×„Z Kivi P¨v‡jÄ Rvbvw”Q †hLv‡b Ck¦i ej‡Z wZb e¨w³
eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b Zv GK e¨w³i g‡a¨ mxgve× bq Ges
†hLv‡b mvaviY mswk−ó cwiw¯’wZ‡Z A‡_©i e¨wZµg Qvov Gi A_©
wcZv e¨³ Kiv nqwb| wZb e¨w³ msewjZ Ck¦‡ii gZev` †h
L„óvb‡ì †gŠwjK gZev` bq, G e¨vcv‡i Zv‡ì Kv‡Q ewjô cÖgvY
Av‡Q wK?
GB gZev` hw` e¨vcK ¯úóZv, wecyj mZK©Zv I m¤¢ve¨ mKj
ai‡bi wbf©~jZvi Dci ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc Kiv n‡Zv| wKš‘ GiKg e³e¨
†Kv_vq? Ck¦i msµvš— ag©MÖ‡š’i eû Ask †_‡K Avgiv GKwU gvÎ
Ask †`L‡Z PvB hv‡Z Avgv‡ì ejv n‡q‡Q †h Ck¦i wZbwU mËv
A_ev wZwb wZb e¨w³ A_ev wZwb wcZv, cyÎ I cweÎ AvZ¥v| Gi
wecix‡Z wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U Avgiv †hLv‡b Kgc‡¶ G êwk‡óï eûevi
D‡j−L Avkv Kwi, †mLv‡b Ck¦i‡K AwØZxq e‡j †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q
e‡jB †`L‡Z cvB Ges †m‡¶‡Î mvaviYfv‡e by¨bZg †Kvb AvcwËI
cwijw¶Z nq bv| Ck¦i †mLv‡b me©`vB ewY©Z I m‡¤^vwaZ n‡q‡Qb
GKeP‡b, A_©vr †mB fvlvq hv GKK e¨w³i K_vB mvwe©Kfv‡e
cÖKvk K‡i Ges hvi mv‡_ Ab¨ †Kvb aviYv hyw³ n‡j cÖKvk¨ fr©mbv
†W‡K Av‡b| myZivs Avgv‡ì mKj ag©MÖš’ wÎZ¡ev` eY©bv †_‡K
m¤ú~Y© weiZ| ZvB Avgv‡ì we‡ivaxiv Zv‡ì ag©gZ I Ck¦i gwngv
KxZ©‡bi cÖv_©bvq evB‡e‡ji kãgvjv cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nq Ges
Ggb me kã¸”Q Avwe®‹vi K‡i hv ag©MÖš’ KZ©…K Aby‡gvw`Z bq|
GZ ¸i“Z¡cY~ © wel‡q G ai‡bi gZev` GZ A™¢yZ, GZ weåvwš—
m„wóKi, GZ AcwicK¡ Ges mZK© e¨vL¨v mv‡c¶ hv AwbY©xZ I
Aiw¶Z Ae¯’vqB †i‡L w`‡Z nq Ges †h e¨vcv‡i ïay Abygvb Kiv
Qvov Avi †Kvb Dcvq _v‡K bv| G e¨vcv‡i †Kvb AbymÜvb Ki‡Z
nq ag©MÖ‡š’i `~ieZ©x I wew”Qbœ Ask Øviv, GwU GK mgm¨v, hv
Avgv‡ì g‡Z †Kvb D™¢veb cUzZv Øviv e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq bv|
Avgv‡ì Av‡iKwU mgm¨v Av‡Q| Aek¨B g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h L„óvb
a‡g©i †MvovcËb I Zvi weKvk N‡U‡Q Zx¶è`„wó m¤úbœ kÎ“
cwi‡ewóZ Ae¯’vq| Zviv G gZev‡ì †Kvb AvcwËKi As‡ki cÖwZB
D`vmxb _v‡Kwb Ges wÎZ¡ev‡ì gZ ¯^we‡ivax GKwU gZev` e¨³
n‡j Zv‡K mgv‡jvPbvi Rb¨ Zviv AZ¨š— AvMÖnf‡i jy‡d wbZ|
Bqvû`xiv hviv GKZ¡ev‡ì Abymvix e‡j Me©‡eva KiZ, Zviv GiKg
GKwU †Mvj‡hvM m„wó K‡iwQj e‡j Zv‡ì wei“‡× †h Awf‡hvM Kiv
nq, Avgiv Zv †g‡b wb‡Z cvwi bv| GLb cÖkœ n‡jv, Kxfv‡e GUv
N‡U †hLv‡b cÖK…Z L„óvb a‡g©i Abymvix‡ì iPbv GB L„óvb ag© I
ag© †_‡K D™¢‚Z weZwK©Z welq mswk−ó n‡jI †mLv‡b wÎZ¡ev` m¤ú‡K©
Mm‡c‡ji wei“‡× Awf‡hvMg~jK †Kvb kã †bB, Gi mg_©‡b I
e¨vL¨vqI GKwU kã e¨q Kiv nqwb, wb›`v I fyj †_‡K D×v‡ii
j‡¶Ï †Kvb kã D”PvwiZ nqwb? GB hyw³ ¯úó I kw³kvjx|
Avgv‡ì wek¦vm Kiv‡bvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q †h L„óvb a‡g© wZbRb
Hk¦wiK e¨w³ i‡q‡Qb hv L„óvb a‡g©i Avw` cÖPviKMY †NvlYv K‡i
†M‡Qb, Zviv mK‡jB mgK¶, mK‡jB Awebk¦i mËv, Zv‡ì g‡a¨
GKRb n‡jb hxï whwb c‡i µzkwe× n‡q gviv hvb| L„óvb a‡g©
wÎZ¡ev‡ì GB wewPÎ e¨vcvi-m¨vcvi N‡U _vK‡j Zvi wei“‡×
Ae¨vnZ AvµgY GZ wecyjfv‡e AvmZ †h mK‡jB Zvi Reve w`‡Z
e¨¯— n‡q coZ Ges †cÖwiZMY‡K †m AvµgY †VKv‡Z K‡Vvi cwikÖg
Ki‡Z n‡Zv| Z‡e ev¯—e mZ¨ GB †h L„óvb a‡g©i cÖwZ †h AvcwËi
K_vevZ©v †kvbv hvq, Zv †cÖwiZ‡ì mgqKvjxb bq| Zv‡ì
cÎvewj‡Z wÎZ¡ev` †_‡K m„ó weZ‡K©i †Kvb mÜvb cvIqv hvq bv|
G gZev` m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì Av‡iv AvcwË Zvi ev¯—e cÖfve †_‡K
DrmvwiZ| Ck¦‡ii mv‡_ ms‡hvM †_‡K gb‡K c„_K Kiv ev wfbœ c‡_
PvwjZ Kiv‡K Avgiv Dcvmbvq GKvMÖZv AR©‡bi cÖwZK‚j e‡j
we‡ePbv Kwi| GKZ¡ev`x gZev‡ì GK weivU gwngv †h Zv Avgv‡ì
m‡e©v”P kÖ×vi, fw³i I fv‡jvevmvi GK mËvi, GK wPiš—b wcZvi,
mËvmg~‡ni GKK mËv, GK Avw` I Drm Dcvm¨ mËvi K_v e‡j,
hvi Kv‡Q Avgiv mKj fvj Kv‡Ri cÖwZ`vb PvB‡Z cvwi, wZwb
Avgv‡ì mKj gyw³ Ges Aej¤^b, Ges hvi my›ì I AZzjbxq
êwkó¨ Avgv‡ì wPš—v‡K cwie¨vß Ki‡Z cv‡i| †Kvb Awef³ mËvi
cÖwZ wb‡ew`Z AK…wÎg Dcvmbvi g‡a¨ weï×Zv, Abb¨Zv i‡q‡Q hv
ag©xq kÖ×v I fv‡jvevmvi R‡b¨ AZ¨š— AbyK‚j| GLb wÎZ¡ev`
Avgv‡ì mvg‡b nvwRi K‡i m‡e©v”P fw³fvRb wZbwU c„_K mËv,
wZbRb Awebk¦i e¨w³, Avgv‡ì Aš—‡ii Dci mgvb `vwe Rvbvq,
wZbRb Hk¦wiK mËv wewfbœ `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ Ges c„_K c„_K
¯^xK…wZ I Dcvmbv `vwe K‡i| Avgv‡ì cÖk,œ `ye©j I mxgve×
gvby‡li gb wb‡R‡K †mB iKg GKvwaK kw³i mv‡_ wK m¤ú„³
Ki‡Z cv‡i, †hgbwU Ki‡Z cv‡i GK Awebk¦i wcZv, GK Ck¦‡ii
mv‡_ whwb mKj Ki“Yv I gyw³ jv‡fi GKgvÎ cÖfy? ag©xq
Dcvmbv‡K wZb cÖwZØ›Øx kw³i `vwei Øviv wef³ Kiv Aek¨B DwPZ
bq| †Kbbv †m †¶‡Î GKRb Ávbm¤úbœ `„p wek¦vmx L„óv‡bi
g‡bv‡hvM wewNœZ n‡e GB Avk¼vq †h †Kvb GKRb Ck¦i ev
Ab¨R‡bi cÖwZ h_vh_ kÖ×v I fw³i AbycvZ bv fvimvg¨nxb n‡q
c‡o|
Avgiv Av‡iv wPš—v Kwi †h wÎZ¡ev` Dcvmbvi ¶wZ mvab K‡i| Avi
Zv wcZvi mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ mËv‡KI Dcvmbvi j¶¨ w¯’i K‡iB ïay bq,
Dciš‘ wcZvi m‡e©v”P †øn hv ïay ZuviB GLwZqvi, Zv Zuvi KvQ
†_‡K wb‡q cy‡Îi Kv‡Q ¯’vbvš—‡ii gva¨‡gI| GUv GK AZ¨š—
¸i“Z¡cY~ © welq| whïwLª÷ hw` Awebk¦i mËv nb Zvn‡j wcZvi
†P‡qI wZwb AwaK AvKl©Yxq n‡ebÑ BwZnvm †_‡K GUvB
cÖZ¨vwkZ| gvbe ¯^fv‡ei MwZ cÖK…wZ †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h gvbyl Ggb
GK Dcvm¨ e¯‘ Pvq hv n‡e Zv‡ì gZB Ges g~wZ© c~Rvi †Mvcb
inm¨wU gvby‡li GB cÖeYZvi g‡a¨B wbwnZ| Avgv‡ì gZ GKB
†cvkv‡K mw¾Z, Avgv‡ì PvIqv I `yt‡Li Abyf~wZ m¤úbœ, `ye©j
cÖK…wZ wb‡q whwb K_v e‡jb wZwbB Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q AvKl©Yxq, ¯^‡M©i
†mB Ck¦i †_‡K whwb ï× AvZ¥v; A`„k¨ Ges wPš—vkxj I cwiï× gb
Qvov A‡bï Kv‡Q AbaxMg¨| Avgiv Av‡iv fvwe †h cÖPwjZ ag©ZË¡
Abyhvqx hxïi Dci †h wewPÎ `vwqZ¡ Awc©Z n‡q‡Q Zv Zv‡K
Ck¦i‡ì g‡a¨ me©v‡c¶v AvKl©Yxq e¨w³‡Z cwiYZ K‡i‡Q| wcZv
b¨vqwePv‡ii aviK, AwaKvi mg~‡ni i¶vKvix Ges Hk¦wiK wewa-
weav‡bi cÖwZdj`vZv| Ab¨w`‡K cyÎ, whwb Hk¦wiK ¶gvi
D¾¡j¨`xß, Zvi Ae¯’vb µz× Ck¦i I Acivax gvby‡li g‡a¨, wZwb
S‡oi g‡a¨ Zvi webZ g¯—K GwM‡q †`b, fv‡jvevmv cwic~Y© e¶
cÖmvwiZ K‡ib Ck¦‡ii b¨vq- wePv‡ii Z‡jvqv‡ii bx‡P, wZwb enb
K‡ib Avgv‡ì kvw¯—i mgMÖ †evSv Ges wb‡Ri i³ w`‡q µq K‡ib
Ck¦‡ii cÖwZwU Ki“Yv we›`y| L„óvb ag© Zv‡ì Rb¨ cÖavbZ †cÖwiZ
n‡qwQj, we‡kl K‡i mvaviY gvby‡li, hv‡ì Kv‡Q wcZv‡K my›ìZg
mËv wn‡m‡e cÖwZfvZ Kivi K_v, Zv‡ì g‡bi Dci GB Dc¯’vcbvi
cÖwZwµqv Kx n‡Z cv‡i Zvi eY©bvi Avi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q wK?
GKZ¡ev` m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì GB `„wófw½ eY©bvi ci Avwg wØZxq †h
welqwUi K_v eje, Zv nj Avgiv hxï L„‡ói GK‡Z¡ wek¦vmx| Avgiv
wek¦vm Kwi †h hxï GK gb, GK AvZ¥v, cÖK…Zc‡¶ †hgbwU Avgiv
Ges wZwb mgvbfv‡e GK Ck¦i †_‡K Avjv`v| Avgiv wÎZ¡ev`‡K
Awfhy³ Kie G Kvi‡Y †h Zv Ck¦‡ii wZbwU mËv ˆZwi K‡iB ¶vš—
nqwb, hxïiI `yÕwU mËv ˆZwi K‡i‡Q Ges Gfv‡e Zvi e¨vcv‡i
Avgv‡ì mvaviY Ávb I ag©MÖ‡š’i ¯^vfvweK gg©evYxi cwicš’x Ges
Zv hxïi mij mZ¨‡K weK…Z Kivi wg_¨v `k©‡bi ¶gZvi GK D‡j¨-
L‡hvM¨ cÖgvY
G gZev` Abyhvqx whïwLª÷ Avgv‡ì c‡¶ hv eySv m¤¢e †mB GK
gb, GK Ávb m¤úbœ eyw×gvb gvbyl nIqvi cwie‡Z© `yÕwU AvZ¥vi
mgš^‡q MwVZ, `yB gbm¤úbœ mËv| Gi GKwU nj Hk¦wiKZv, Ab¨wU
nj me©ÁZv| Avgiv j¶¨ wKi, hxï‡K `yÕwU mËv Kivi R‡b¨B GwU
Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zv‡K GK e¨w³, GK mZ¡v AvL¨v †Ìqv Ges Z`ycwi
Zv‡K `yB gb m¤úbœ e‡j Abygv‡bi KviY Aceënvi I Zvj‡Mvj
cvKv‡bvi gva¨‡g †evakw³ m¤úbœ mËv m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì aviYvi
Dci mvgwMÖKfv‡e GKwU Kv‡jv c`©v Quy‡o †Ìqv| mvaviY gZev`
Abymv‡i L„‡ói GB `yÕwU g‡bi cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB wbR¯^ †eva, wbR¯^ B”Qv,
wbR¯^ Dcjwä i‡q‡Q| Kvh©Z Zv‡ì †Kvb Awfbœ êwkó¨ †bB|
Hk¦wiK gb gvby‡li †Kvb Afve ev `ytL Abyfe K‡i bv Ges
gvby‡li g‡a¨ Hk¦wiK c~Y©v½Zv I myL †bB| Avcwb wK wek¦ c„w_ex‡Z
AwaK ¯^vZš¿gwÛZ `yÕwU mËvi K_v fve‡Z cv‡ib? Avgiv me mgqB
†f‡e G‡mwQ †h GK e¨w³ GK m‡PZbZv †eva Øviv MwVZ I ¯^Zš¿|
GK Ges Awfbœ e¨w³i `yÕwU m‡PZbZv‡eva, `yÕwU B”Qv, `yÕwU AvZ¥v,
G¸‡jv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c ci¯úi †_‡K Avjv`v| G¸‡jv gvby‡li wek¦v‡mi
Dci cÖPÊ Pvc m„wóKvix †evSv Qvov Avi wKQy bq|
Avgv‡ì e³e¨ †h G ai‡bi GKwU A™¢yZ, RwUj, gvby‡li c~e© aviYv
†_‡K eû `~ieZ©x gZev` hw` cÖK…ZB cÖZ¨v‡`‡ki Ask ev
AZ¨vek¨K Ask n‡q _v‡K, Zvn‡j Zv Aek¨B AZ¨š— gh©v`vc~Y©
fv‡e wk¶v w`‡Z n‡e| Avgiv Avgv‡ì fvB‡ì GiKg wKQy mij,
mivmwi Ask †`Lv‡bvi AvnŸvb Rvbvw”Q †hLv‡b hxï‡K `yÕg‡bi
AwaKvix wn‡m‡e c„_Kfv‡e †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q, GK e¨w³ wn‡m‡e bq|
Avgiv Ggb wKQyB †`wL bv| Ab¨ L„óvbiv e‡jb, G gZev`
ag©mg~‡ni g‡a¨ mvgÄm¨ weav‡bi R‡b¨ AZ¨vek¨K, KviY wKQy
ag©MÖ‡š’ hxï‡K gvbyl Ges wKQy ag©MÖ‡š’ Zv‡K Hk¦wiK mËv wn‡m‡e
†`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Avi G‡¶‡Î GKwU mgš^q mva‡bi R‡b¨B
Avgv‡ì Aek¨B `yB g‡bi Abygvb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z GB êwkó¨mg~n
Zvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ Kiv hvq| Ab¨ K_vq, wKQy wbw`©ó Ask‡K
mvgÄm¨c~Y© Ki‡Z Avgv‡ì Aek¨B GKwU KwíZ welq Avwe®‹vi
Kiv cÖ‡qvRb hv Av‡iv RwUj Ges e¨vcKfv‡e A‡hŠw³K| Avgv‡ì
GKwU m~‡Îi gva¨‡g GB †MvjK- auvavi RwUj AveZ© †_‡K cwiÎvY
jv‡fi c_ Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z nq|
hw` whïwLª÷ wbwðZfv‡e Dcjwä Ki‡Zb †h wZwb `yB gb Øviv
MwVZ Ges Zv Zvi a‡g©i kxl©¯’vbxq êwkó¨, Zvn‡j Zvi gh©v`v
msµvš— Zvi e³e¨ GB êwk‡óï i‡O iwÄZ _vKZ| gvby‡li
wek¦Rbxb fvlv †h aviYv‡K †K›`ª K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q Zv nj †h GK
e¨w³, GKB e¨w³, GKB gb Ges GKB AvZ¥v| hLb mvaviY gvbyl
hxïi gyL †_‡K G fvlv D”PvwiZ n‡Z ï‡b‡Q Zviv Aek¨B Zv
mvaviY A‡_©B MÖnY K‡i‡Q Ges wfbœ A‡_© e¨vL¨vi ¯úó wb‡`©k bv
cvIqv ch©š— GKK AvZ¥vi mv‡_B Zv m¤úwK©Z K‡i‡Q hvi K_vB
wZwb me©`v e‡j‡Qb| wKš‘ Avgiv G wb‡`©kbv †Kv_vq cve? †h me
K_vevZ©vq wÎZ¡ev` MÖš¸
’ ‡jv cwic~Y© Ges hv hxïi ˆØZ êwkó¨ †_‡K
Aek¨¤¢vexiƒ‡c m„ó n‡q‡Q, wbD †Uóv‡g‡È Zv Avcwb †Kv_vq cv‡eb?
†Kv_vq GB Hk¦wiK wk¶K e‡j‡Qb, ÒAvwg GUv ejwQ Ck¦i wn‡m‡e
Ges GUv ejwQ gvbyl wn‡m‡e, GUv ïay Avgvi gvbe g‡bi mZ¨, GUv
ïay Avgvi Hk¦wiK g‡bi mZ¨?Ó Avgiv wK cÎvewj‡Z GB A™¢yZ
K_vi †Kvb mÜvb cvB? †Kv_vI bq| ZLbKvi w`‡b G¸‡jvi
cÖ‡qvRb wQj bv| cieZ©xKv‡j åvwš— m„wói R‡b¨B Gme Kiv n‡q‡Q|
myZivs Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi †h L„ó GK gb, GK mËv Ges Avwg Gi
mv‡_ †hvM KiwQ †h wZwb GK mËv hv Ck¦i †_‡K c„_K|... Avgiv
Avkv Kwi, hv‡ì mv‡_ Avgv‡ì gZcv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q, Zviv GKwU
¸i“Z¡cY~ © welq we‡ePbv Ki‡eb| hxï Zvi wk¶v cÖPviKv‡j
Ae¨vnZfv‡e Ck¦‡ii K_v e‡j‡Qb| G kã me mgq Zvi gy‡L
_vKZ| Avgv‡ì cÖk,œ GB kã Øviv wZwb wK wb‡R‡K eywS‡q‡Qb?
Avgiv ewj, KL‡bvB bv| eis wZwb †mvRvmywRfv‡e Ck¦i I Zuvi
g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb Ges Zuvi cÖZ¨¶ AbymvixivI ZvB
K‡i‡Qb| myZivs GK_v Kxfv‡e †g‡b †bqv hvq †h Ck¦i wn‡m‡e
hxïi cÖKvk L„óvb a‡g©i cÖavb j¶¨? Avgv‡ì cÖwZc¶‡K Aek¨B
Zv mwVKfv‡e wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
ag©MÖš¸
’ ‡jvi †h Ask¸‡jv‡Z hxï‡K Ck¦i †_‡K c„_K wn‡m‡e D‡j-
L Kiv n‡q‡Q, Avgiv †m¸‡jv cix¶v Ki‡j †`L‡Z cve †h
†m¸‡jv‡Z Zuv‡K ïay Avjv`v mËvB ejv nqwb, Dciš‘ Zuvi Aa¯—b
nIqvi K_vI cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| wZwb me©`vB wb‡R‡K Ck¦‡ii cyÎ,
Ck¦i KZ©…K †cÖwiZ, Ck¦i †_‡K mKj kw³ jvfKvix, Ck¦‡ii
mvnv‡h¨B mKj A‡jŠwKK NUbv msNUb, Ck¦i Zuv‡K wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb
e‡jB b¨vq wePvi Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb, †h‡nZz Ck¦i Zuv‡K wbhy³ I
êaZv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb †m Kvi‡Y Zuvi cÖwZ Avgv‡ì wek¦vm `vwe
K‡i‡Qb Ges wZwb wb‡R †Kvb wKQy Ki‡Z m¶g bb e‡j
Rvwb‡q‡Qb| wbD †Uóv‡g›U Gme K_vq cwic~Y|© GLb Avgv‡ì cÖk,œ
Gme K_v Øviv Kx ej‡Z I eySv‡Z PvIqv n‡q‡Q? hviv Gme K_v
ï‡b‡Q Zviv wK G aviYv Ki‡e †h hxïB wQ‡jb †mB Ck¦i †h
Ck¦‡ii PvB‡Z wZwb wb‡R‡K Aa¯—b e‡j evi evi †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb;
whwb Zuv‡K †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb Ges hvi KvQ †_‡K wZwb kw³ I ¶gZv
jv‡fi K_v ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb!
wÎZ¡ev`xiv hxïi cÖwZ Zv‡ì GB `„wófw½ †_‡K wKQy ¸i“Z¡cY~ © myweav
jv‡fi †Póv K‡i‡Q| Zviv Avgv‡ì e‡j †h GUv Zv‡ì R‡b¨
Hk¦wiK cÖvqwð‡Ëi my‡hvM m„wó K‡i‡Q, †Kbbv GUv Zv‡ì †`wL‡q‡Q
†h Zv‡ì cv‡ci Kvi‡Y GK Hk¦wiK mËv hš¿Yv †fvM K‡i‡Qb| GB
åvš— hyw³ Zviv GZ Av¯’vi mv‡_ e¨³ K‡i hv †`‡L wew¯§Z n‡Z nq,
hLb Zv‡ì cÖkœ Kiv nq †h Zviv wK cÖK…ZB wek¦vm K‡i †h GKRb
Awebk¦i I AcwieZ©bxq Ck¦i µz‡k we× n‡q hš¿Yv‡fvM I g„ZzëiY
K‡i‡Qb? ZLb Zviv ¯^xKvi K‡i †h GUv mZ¨ bq| Z‡e L„‡ói
gvbweK gbB ïay g„Zz¨ hš¿Yv mn¨ K‡i wU‡K wQj| Zvn‡j Avgiv
GKRb hš¿Yv †fvMxKvix Hk¦wiK mËv‡K cvw”Q Kxfv‡e? Avgv‡ì
g‡b nq, GB me K_v mvaviY gvby‡li mij g‡bi Dci Pvwc‡q
†Ìqv n‡q‡Q Ges Zv Ck¦‡ii b¨vq- wePv‡ii cÖwZ AZ¨š— Aegvbbv
Ki, †h‡nZz G¸‡jv K‚U ZK© I KíKvwnwb Qvov Avi wKQy bq...|61
Gfv‡e hwÌ P¨vwbs wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h hxï µzkwe× n‡qwQ‡jb
I cybR©xeb jvf K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv m‡Ë¡I wZwb cÖvqwðË gZev‡ì
AmviZv cÖ`k©‡b m¶g wQ‡jb| †h me NUbvi Dci wfwË K‡i G
gZev` cÖwZwôZ, †m¸‡jv †h ev¯—‡e msNwUZ nqwb, †m e¨vcv‡i wKš‘
wZwb AewnZ wQ‡jb bv| P¨vwbs wb‡æv³ Kvi‡Y cÖvqwðË gZev`
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQ‡jb :
evB‡e‡j Ggb †Kvb Ask †bB †hLv‡b Avgv‡ì ejv n‡q‡Q
gvby‡li cyÎ Ck¦i Ges Zvi Hk¦wiK cÖvqwðË cÖ‡qvRb| G gZev`
Avgv‡ì wk¶v †`q †h gvbyl hwÌ Ck¦i KZ©…K bk¦i, åvwš—kxj I
Ac~Y©v½ mËv wn‡m‡e m„ó, †m mªóvi Kv‡Q GKRb Hk¦wiK weavb
jsNbKvix wn‡m‡eB MY¨| P¨vwbs e‡jb, GKZ¡ev`xiv wek¦vm K‡i †h
Ck¦i †Kvb K‡Vvi kvw¯— QvovB cvc ¶gv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †h gZev`
Ck¦i‡K GKRb hš¿Yv †fvMKvix I wb‡Ri we‡`ªvncÖeY m„wói Kvi‡Y
cÖvY`v‡bi K_v e‡j Zv A‡hŠw³K I ag©MÖš’ cwicš’x| cÖvqwðË nq
Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q, Ck¦‡ii Rb¨ cÖvqwðË n‡Z cv‡i bv| hw` Hk¦wiK
cÖvqwðË Acwinvh© nq, hv ïay Ck¦iB Ki‡Z cv‡ib, †m‡¶‡Î
Ck¦i‡K Aek¨B GKRb hš¿Yv †fvMKvix n‡Z n‡e Ges Avgv‡ì
`ytL I e¨_v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| GUv GK Aev¯—e, AMÖnY‡hvM¨
Kíbv| GB mgm¨v cwinvi Ki‡Z Avgv‡ì ejv n‡”Q †h L„ó GKRb
gvbyl wn‡m‡e hš¿Yv †fvM K‡ib, Ck¦i wn‡m‡e bq| wKš‘ gvbyl hw`
¯^í I mxwgZ mg‡qi R‡b¨ hš¿Yv‡fvM K‡i Zvn‡j wPiš—b
cÖvqwð‡Ëi cÖ‡qvRb wK? Avgv‡ì hw` ¯^‡M© wPiš—b ¸Y I kw³
m¤úbœ Ck¦i †_‡KB _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì i¶vi R‡b¨ Ab¨ †Kvb
wPiš—b e¨w³i Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb †bB| GB gZev` hLb e‡j †h
wØZxq I Z…Zxq Ck¦i Qvov Ck¦i †Kvb gvbyl‡K i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡ib
bv, ZLb G gZev` Ck¦‡iiB Aegvbbv K‡i| gvby‡li gyw³i R‡b¨
b¨vq- wePv‡ii cÖwZ Hk¦wiK mš‘wó hw` Acwinvh© n‡q _v‡K Z‡e
evB‡e‡ji Aš—Z GKwU As‡k Zvi my¯úó I mywbw`©ó cÖKvk _vKv
DwPZ wQj| G gZev` Av`vj‡Z Dcw¯’Z Acivaxi Øviv msNwUZ
Aciv‡ai R‡b¨ wePviK KZ©…K wb‡R‡K kvw¯— cÖ`v‡bi gZB Aev¯—e
I A_©nxb|
evB‡ej e‡j, ÒL„‡ói wePvi Avm‡bi m¤§y‡L cÖ‡Z¨K‡KB nvwRi n‡Z
n‡e Zvi K…ZK‡g©i djjv‡fi R‡b¨, Zv †m fvjB Ki“K Avi g›`B
Ki“K (2Kwib_xq 5 : 10)| Ges cybivq evB‡ej e‡j: ÒAvgv‡ì
cÖ‡Z¨K‡KB Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡Ri weeiY w`‡Z n‡eÓ (†ivgxq 14 :
10)| hw` hxïi µzkwe× nIqvi ga¨ w`‡q AZxZ, eZ©gvb I
fwel¨‡Zi mKj cv‡ci cÖvqwðË n‡q‡Q e‡j Ck¦i mš‘ó n‡q _v‡Kb,
Zvn‡j ag©xq I mrKg©kxj Rxeb-hvc‡bi wb‡`©k †Ìqvi mKj
¶gZv Ck¦i nvwi‡q‡Qb Ges Aeva¨‡ì kvw¯— cÖ`v‡biI we‡kl
AwaKvi Zuvi †bB| Ck¦i hw` wePvi wè‡m †Kvb cvcx‡K kvw¯— cÖ`vb
K‡ib Zvn‡j Zvi A_© GB ùvovq †h nq Ck¦i Zuvi Iqv`v
jsNYKvix, bq cÖvqwðË gZev` AmZ¨|
1819 L„. ch©š— Kv‡iv evwo‡Z A_ev †evó‡bi evK©‡j óªxU
Aew¯’Z †gwWK¨vj K‡j‡Ri n‡j GKZ¡ev`x‡ì mgv‡ek AbywôZ
n‡Zv| 1820 L„. GKZ¡ev`x‡ì Dcvmbvi R‡b¨ GKwU fe‡bi wbg©vY
KvR ïi“ nq| 1821 L„. Zv †kl nq| Gi ga¨ w`‡q Zv‡ì
gZev‡ì Av‡iv cÖwZwôZ nIqvi cÖgvY wgj‡jI ZLb ch©š—
GKZ¡ev`x‡ì ag©‡`ªvnx, Awek¦vmx A_ev bvw¯—K e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv
n‡Zv| 62 hv‡nvK, G eQi GKZ¡ev`x‡ì ag©gZ cÖPv‡ii †¶‡Î
mZK©Zvi bxwZi Aemvb N‡U| P¨vwbs GZw`b †Muvov Pv‡P©i msKxY© I
wZ³ Avµg‡Yi wkKvi n‡q‡Qb, wKš‘ †Kvb cÖwZ-AvµgY Ki‡Z
cv‡ibwb| GLb wZwb Abyfe Ki‡jb †h cvëv AvNvZ nvbvi mgq
G‡m‡Q| Avi Zv Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi me©kw³ w`‡q, AZ¨š— ewjôfv‡e
Zvi ag© wek¦v‡mi mc‡¶ I †Muvov Kzms¯‹v‡ii wei“‡× K_v e‡j|
A History of Unitarianism MÖ‡š’ B.Gg. DBjevi (E.
M. wilbar) P¨vwbs m¤ú‡K© wj‡L‡Qb, Zvi g~j e³e¨ wQj †h
ag©MÖš¸
’ ‡jv hLb hyw³msMZfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv nq, ZLb Zv
GKZ¡ev`x‡ì gZev`B wk¶v †`q| G¸‡jv‡Z i‡q‡Q cÖavb
gZev`mg~n hvi Dci GKZ¡ev`x‡ì †Muvovcš’x‡ì †_‡K c„_K Ges
†m¸‡jv Zviv mgybœZ †i‡L‡Q G‡Ki ci GK cix¶v AbymÜv‡bi
R‡b¨... G¸‡jv K¨vjwfbev‡ì gZ A‡hŠw³K, AgvbweK I
nZvkvMÖ¯— cwiKíbv cwic~Y© gZev‡ì wei“‡× ewjô I Ø¨_©nxb
AvnŸvb Rvbvq.... Ges gvby‡li hyw³ I Ávb ewnf©~Z †mKv‡ji †Muvov
L„óvb ag©xq gZev`‡K Awfhy³ K‡i|63
1823 L„. g¨vmvPz‡mU‡m GK m‡¤§jb Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g
Av‡gwiKvq GKZ¡ev`x Av‡›`vjb Av‡iv kw³kvjx n‡q D‡V| GB
m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`v‡bi R‡b¨ hviv cÖPvi Pvjv‡Z AvMÖnx wQj, †Muvov PvP©
Zv‡ì Dci wb‡lavÁv Av‡iv‡ci †Póv Pvwj‡q e¨_© nq| GB e¨_©Zv
GKZ¡ev`x Av‡›`vjb‡K cÖKvk¨ iƒc jv‡f mvnvh¨ Ges Gi wewfbœ
mgm¨v‡K Awfbœ ¯^v_©i¶vq HKë× K‡i|
1827 L„. P¨vwbs Gi weL¨vZ GK ag©xq e³…Zvi ga¨ w`‡q wØZxq
GKwU Pv‡P©i cÖwZôv N‡U| B. Gg. DBjevi wj‡L‡Qb, GB mydj
jv‡fi K…wZZ¡ cÖavbZ ZviB cÖvc¨ G Kvi‡Y †h my®úófv‡e ¯^xKvi
Kiv bv n‡jI wÎZ¡-ev` AvbyôvwbK cÖPvi m‡Ë¡I †Muvov ag© wek¦v‡mi
†K›`ªxq Ae¯’vb wejyß nj, Ges Zvi ¸i“Z¡ Avi Av‡Mi gZ iBj
bv| Dciš‘ K¨vjwfbev‡ì gZev` GK bZzb e¨vL¨v jvf Kij hv
hvRKiv BwZc~‡e© fxwZi mv‡_ cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Zb|64 me NUbv
cÖwZ‡iva Qvov N‡Uwb| 1833 L„. GKZ¡ev`x‡ì‡K VvÛv gv_vq
Awek¦vmx e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq Ges Zv‡ì Ggb wbcxob Kiv nq
†h, Zvi Kv‡Q ag©xq AmwnòyZv I †Muvovwgi c~‡e©i mKj bwRi ¤−vb
n‡q hvq|65 Rvbv hvq †h 1924 L„. w`‡K 40 Rb GKZ¡ev`xi g‡a¨
30 Rb †evó‡b wgwjZ nb Ges GKwU AÁvZbvgv mwgwZ cÖwZôv
K‡ib| G †_‡K Bw½Z cvIqv hvq †h hwÌ Av‡MKvi w`‡bi
GKZ¡ev`x‡ì gZ `yf©vM¨RbK cwiYwZ ei‡Yi Avk¼v Zv‡ì wQj
bv, Zv m‡Ë¡I GK Ck¦‡ii mg_©bKvix GKRb L„óv‡bi R‡b¨ ZLb
ch©š— cwiw¯’wZ wec¾bK wQj|
P¨vwbs Zvi Rxe‡bi †kl w`b ch©š— GKZ¡ev‡` `„p wek¦vmx
wQ‡jb| Zvi Kv‡Q hxï ïay GKRb gvbylB wQ‡jb bv, Ck¦‡ii †cÖwiZ
GKRb bexI wQ‡jb| gvby‡li ˆbwZK öjb, Ck¦‡ii †ivl Ges hxïi
cÖvqwðËg~jK AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi K¨vjwfbxq gZev‡ì wecix‡Z P¨vwbs GK
gnËg aviYvi †NvlYv †`b hvi msÁv wZwb w`‡q‡Qb Gfv‡e :
ÒAvZ¥vi †kÖôZ¡, Ck¦‡ii mv‡_ AvwZ¥K mv`„‡kï Kvi‡Y Zvi mw¤§jb,
Ck¦‡ii mËvi aviY ¶gZv, Zvi ¯^- MVb kw³, Abš— Rxe‡bi w`‡K
Zvi hvÎv Ges Zvi AgiZ¡|Ó66
wcÖówji hyw³ev` Ges KwíZ RMr †_‡K GwU wQj GK bZzb
cwieZ©b| ïay Av‡gwiKv‡ZB bq, Bsj¨v‡ÊI GKZ¡ev`x Av‡›`vj‡b
Zv bZzb K‡i cÖvY mÂvi K‡iwQj| wcÖówj Kvh©Z wQ‡jb GKRb
êÁvwbK| Zvi hyw³ wQj †Rviv‡jv, wKš‘ `„wófw½ wQj Roev`x|
P¨vwbs Zv‡K gnËg Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi kx‡l© DbœxZ K‡ib| wZwb hLb
e‡jwQ‡jb- Ògvby‡li hyw³ev`x ¯^fve Ck¦‡ii cÖ`ËÓÑ Zvi †mB K_v
AvUjvw›U‡Ki Dfq cv‡ii gvbyl‡K Mfxifv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡iwQj|67
wZwb m¤úÖ`vqMZ msKxY©Zvi cÖwZwU w`‡KiB we‡ivax wQ‡jb| †kÖwY
ev mv¤úÖ`vwqK AvMÖvmb wQj Zvi Kv‡Q Amn¨ Ges Zvi GB †PZbv
Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZv‡ì‡KI AbycÖvwYZ K‡iwQj| GiB cwiYwZ
wn‡m‡e 1861 L„. wWwfwbwU ¯‹zj Ad nvf©vW© BDwbfvwm©wU cÖwZwôZ
nq|
GB msMV‡bi msweav‡bi GK As‡k ejv n‡q‡Q, ÒGUv Dcjwä
Ki‡Z n‡e †h L„óxq m‡Zï ¸i“Z¡cY~ © wbi‡c¶ I c¶cvZnxb
AbymÜv‡bi cÖwZwU †¶Î‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges QvÎ, wk¶K
A_ev cÖwk¶K‡ì †KvbcÖKvi mv¤úÖ`vwqK `„wófw½ MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e
bv|68 1825 L„. Av‡gwiKvb mwgwZ cÖwZwôZ nq| GKB eQi
Bsj¨v‡ÊI G mwgwZ cÖwZwôZ nq| ivjd Iqvj‡Wv Ggvimb
(Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1803-1882 L„.) †evó‡bi hvRK
m¤úÖ`vq †_‡K c`Z¨vM K‡ib Ges bZzb I cy‡iv‡bv wPš—vi
Abymvix‡ì g‡a¨ fvOb m¤úbœ nq| hxïi ag©‡K Ck¦i †cÖg I gvbe
†mevi ag© Ges GKwU c~Y©v½ ag© wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv nq|
L„óvb a‡g©i g‡a¨ GKZ¡ev` AvRI Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| L„óvb
m¤úÖ`vq¸‡jvi g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB GK Ck¦‡i wek¦vmx Ges Zviv
evB‡e‡ji ga¨Kvi ¯^we‡ivwaZv m‡Ë¡I †mB wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx Rxeb-
hvc‡b AvMÖnx| hwÌ hxïi ev¯—e Rxeb m¤ú‡K©, †hgb wZwb Kxfv‡e
gvby‡li mv‡_ AvPiY Ki‡Zb Ges Zv‡ì ag© wk¶v w`‡Zb, wZwb
Kxfv‡e me KvR Ki‡Zb I Rxeb- hvcb Ki‡ZbÑ †m me wel‡q
Zv‡ì mvgvb¨B Ávb wQj| hv‡nvK, cÖvqwðË, cvc öjb I wÎZ¡ev`x
gZev‡ì d‡j m„ó weåvwš— Ges Zvi mv‡_ hxï (Cmv Av.) †hfv‡e
Rxeb KvwU‡q‡Qb, Z`byhvqx Pjvi e¨vcv‡i cÖK…Z w`K- wb‡`©kbvi
Afve _vKvi Kvi‡Y †h weåvwš— m„wó n‡q‡Q Zv L„óag©‡K cy‡ivcywi
cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi KviY n‡q‡Q| e¯‘Z L„óa‡g©i PvP©¸‡jv AvR mvgvb¨Zvi
Dci ùvwo‡q Av‡Q|
Aóg Aa¨vq
GKv‡j L„óag©
GKv‡j L„óa‡g©i êwkó¨ wbY©q Ki‡Z `yÕwU welq g‡b ivLv
Ri“wi| Zv nj ch©‡e¶Y I Abygvb jä Ávb I gvby‡li wbKU
cÖZ¨v‡`kcÖvß Áv‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨| bZzb bZzb ch©‡e¶Y I bZzb
AwfÁZvi wfwË‡Z Abygvb jä Áv‡bi cwieZ©b N‡U| myZivs G
Ávb m‡›`nvZxZ bq| cÖZ¨v‡`kcÖvß w`K, Ab¨wU nj ev¯‘e w`K|
Awawe`¨vMZ Ávb GK Ck¦‡ii cÖK…wZ m¤ú‡K© wk¶v †`q| Ab¨w`‡K
ev¯—e Ávb wk¶v †`q AvPiYwewa| cÖZ¨vw`ó Ávb me©`v GKRb evZ©v
evnK ev `~Z KZ©…K enb K‡i Avbv n‡q‡Q whwb Zvi ev¯—e iƒc|
wZwb †h cš’vq Rxeb- hvcb K‡i‡Qb †mUvB evYx| GKRb `~Z ev
evYx evn‡Ki b¨vq AvPiY Kivi Rb¨ †m evYx m¤ú‡K© Ávb _vK‡Z
n‡e| Avi G Ávb nj m‡›`nvZxZ| ejv nq, cÖZ¨vw`ó ÁvbB nj
GKv‡ji L„óvb a‡g©i wfwË| wKš‘ †Kvb evB‡e‡jB hxïi evYx
AweK…Z Ae¯’vq A_©vr Zuvi Kv‡Q †h fv‡e cÖZ¨v‡`k n‡qwQj †mB
Avwìƒc †bB| Zvi AvPiYwewai †Kvb wjwLZ weeiY †Kv_vI Luy‡R
cvIqv KwVb| wbD†Uóv‡g‡›Ui †Kvb MÖ‡š’B Zvi evYx I Kg©Kv‡Êi
e¨vcv‡i cÖZ¨¶`k©xi †Kvb weeiY †bB| †m¸‡jv Ggb †jvK‡ì Øviv
wjwLZ n‡q‡Q hviv hxï‡K ¯^P‡¶ †`‡Lbwb, Zuv‡K †`L‡Qb Ggb
e¨w³‡ì Kv‡Q ï‡b Zviv wj‡L‡Qb| Gme weeiY mgwš^Z ev
Dcjwä‡hvM¨ bq| hxï hv e‡j‡Qb I K‡i‡Qb A_P wjwce× nqwb
Zvi meB wPiKv‡ji gZ wejyß n‡q‡Q|
wbD †Uóv‡g‡È wea„Z welqmg~n hviv hvPvB Ki‡Z Pvb, Zuviv
`vwe K‡ib †h GKwU †Kvbµ‡gB mgwš^Z bv n‡jI b~¨bZg c‡¶
wbf©yj| hv †nvK, GKwU Zvrch©cY~ © welq memgq g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e
†h, evB‡e‡ji eZ©gvb Abyev`¸‡jv †hLvb †_‡K D™¢‚Z, †mB wbD
†Uóv‡g‡Èi cÖvPxbZg wU‡K _vKv cvÊywjwç‡jvI wbwmqvi KvDwÝ‡ji
ci iwPZ| mvBbvBwUKv‡mi (Codex Sinaiticus) cuyw_ I
f¨vwUKvbv‡mi (Codes Vaticanus) cuyw_i iPbvKv‡j PZz_©
kZvãxi †k‡li w`K| Ab¨w`‡K Av‡jKRvw›`ªqv‡mi cuyw_i (Codes
Alexandrius) iPbvKvj cÂg kZvãx| wbwmqvi KvDwÝ‡ji ci
hxïi Rxe‡bi weeiY msewjZ cÖvq 3kÕ cvÊywjwc, hvi g‡a¨ A‡bK
cÖZ¨¶`k©xi weeiYI wQj, cwiKwíZfv‡e aŸsm Kiv nq| wbwmqvi
KvDwÝ‡ji NUbvejx G Bw½Z †`q †h cjxq PvP© ZLbI wU‡K _vKv
PviwU Mm‡c‡ji cwieZ©b mvab Kivi R‡b¨ D‡V c‡o †j‡MwQj|
GUv my¯úó †h wbwmqvi KvDwÝ‡ji ci wjwLZ wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui
cvÊywjwç‡jvi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© bq gi“ mvMi cuyw_¸‡jvi Ggb
Ask¸‡jvi cÖKv‡ki eë¯’v Kiv n‡jI cieZ©x‡Z D³ As‡ki
cÖKvkbv eÜ Kiv nq|
Mm‡cj¸‡jvi Aev¯—eZv PvP© wb‡RI ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q e‡jB g‡b
nq| L„óa‡g©i Aa¨vZ¥ `k©b AvR GgbwK Mm‡cj wfwËKI bq|
Avw` cvc, cÖvqwðË I cvcövjb, hxïi Ck¦iZ¡, cweÎ AvZ¥vi
Ck¦iZ¡ I wÎZ¡ev`x gZev‡ì Dci wfwË K‡i PvP© cÖwZwôZ| wKš‘
Mm‡cj¸‡jv‡Z Gme gZev‡ì †KvbwUB Luy‡R cvIqv hvq bv| hxï
†m¸‡jv wk¶v cÖ`vb K‡ibwb| Gi meB c‡ji Avwe®‹vi Ges MÖxK
ms¯‹…wZ I `k©‡bi cÖfv‡ei dj| cj KL‡bvB hxïi mvnPh© jvf
K‡ibwb wKsev Zuvi KvQ †_‡K mivmwi †Kvb Ávb AvniYI K‡ibwb|
wZwb a‡g© `x¶v MÖn‡Yi Av‡M hxïi Abymvix‡ì Dci K‡Vvi wbcxob
Pvwj‡q‡Qb Ges hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci wZwb hLb L„óvb ag©‡K MÖx‡mi
A-Bqvû`x‡ìI Ab¨‡ì Kv‡Q wb‡q hvb, ZLb hxïi AvPiY wewa
wecyjfv‡e cwiZ¨v‡Mi R‡b¨ wZwb `vqx| ÒL„‡óiÓ iƒ‡c †h e¨w³
Zv‡K Zvi bqv gZev` wk¶v w`‡qwQ‡jb e‡j wZwb `vwe K‡ib Zv
wQj KwíZ| Zvi wk¶v hv wKbv hxïi KwíZ g„Zz¨ I cybi“Ìvb wbf©i
Ggb GK NUbv Zv ev¯—‡e KL‡bv N‡Uwb|
g~j m¤ú‡K© m‡›`nc~Y© nIqv m‡Ë¡I Gme gZev` ÒL„óvb ag©
wk¶vKvixÓ †h †Kvb e¨w³i Rb¨ Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wn‡m‡e
cvjb‡hvM¨| hwÌ A‡b‡KB Gme gZev` cy‡ivcywi ev AvswkKfv‡e
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ ZviciI hviv G‡Z wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡i Zviv
GB KzL¨vZ hyw³ Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq †h, ÒPv‡P©i evB‡i †Kvb gyw³
†bB|Ó Pv‡P©i Aa¨vZ¥ `k©‡bi KvVv‡gv nj : cÖvqwðË I cvc gyw³i
gZev` e‡j †h Ck¦i‡ì GKRb L„ó gvby‡li iƒc MÖnY K‡ib, wZwb
hxï bv‡g cwiwPZ nb, AZtci wZwb gvbeRvwZi mKj cv‡ci
cÖvqwðË K‡i g„ZzëiY K‡ib| PvP© wePv‡ii w`‡b ÒL„‡óÓ wek¦vmx
mKj gvbyl I hviv Pv‡P©i wb‡`©kbv AbymiY K‡i Zv‡ì mK‡ji
cv‡ci ¶gv I gyw³i wbðqZv †`q| Dciš‘ Av‡iv wek¦vm Kiv nq
†h, RM‡Zi wejywß bv NUv ch©š— mKj gvby‡li †¶‡Î GB Pzw³
Kvh©Ki| G wek¦v‡mi ¯^vfvweK cwiYwZ Giƒc :
cÖ_gZ, G †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq †h †Kvb e¨w³ Zvi
K…ZK‡g©i R‡b¨ `vqx bq Ges g„Zzï ci †m¸‡jvi R‡b¨ †m `vqx
n‡e bv| KviY †m hvB Ki“K bv †Kb Zvi wek¦vm †h ÒL„‡ói
AvZ¥Z¨v‡MiÓ Kvi‡Y †m gyw³ jvf Ki‡e| hv‡nvK, Gi A_© GB bq
†h c„w_ex‡Z Zvi Rxeb Avb‡›` cwic~Y© n‡e| Avw` cv‡ci gZev‡`
Zvi wek¦v‡mi (hv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q †h Av`‡gi fy‡ji Kvi‡Y mKj
gvbylB cvcx n‡q Rb¥ †bq) A_© nj GB †h †m hZ¶Y RxweZ _v‡K
Zvi Ae¯’v _v‡K A‡hvM¨Zv I Ac~Y©ZviB GKwU `„óvš—| Rxe‡bi GB
`ytLRbK `„wófw½ †R. wR. fm (J. G VOS) bvgK GKRb
L„óv‡bi eY©bvq dz‡U D‡V‡Q| G‡Z wZwb Bmjvg I L„óa‡g©i Zzjbv
K‡i‡Qb:
Bmjvg Ggb wKQy †mB †h †Kvb gvbyl ej‡e ÒwK nZfvM¨
Avwg g„Zzï ci †K Avgv‡K D×vi Ki‡e?Ó A_ev Ò Avwg Rvwb, Avwg
A_©vr Avgvi GB kixi †Kvb fvj KvR K‡iwb|Ó hyw³msMZ Afxó
jv‡fi D‡Ïk¨ msewjZ GKwU ag© cvcx‡K Acivax we‡e‡Ki hš¿Yv
†fvM ev GKwU m¤ú~Y© ˆbwZK gvbm¤§Z Rxeb- hvc‡b mvdj¨ jvf bv
Kivi nZvkv cÖ`vb K‡i bv| ms‡¶‡c, Bmjvg GKRb gvby‡li g‡b
DËg Abyf~wZ m„wó K‡i, c¶vš—‡i L„óag© Awbevh©fv‡e m„wó K‡i
Lvivc Abyf~wZ| fMœü`q †jvK‡ì ag© nj L„óag©, Bmjvg bq|1
wØZxqZ, cÖvqwðË I gyw³ jvf gZev‡` wek¦vm GK weåvwš—i m„wó
K‡i hLb GKRb L„óvb Ab¨ gvby‡li Kv‡Q Ck¦‡ii cÖZ¨vw`ó Ab¨vb¨
a‡g©i mv‡_ Zvi a‡g©i GKwU mvgÄm¨ weav‡bi †Póv K‡i| Gi A_©
GB †h ÔL„‡ói AvZ¥Z¨vMÕ I ÒevYxÓ AZzjbxq I P~ovš— Ges wZwb
Ab¨ bex‡ì wk¶vMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| GKB mv‡_ wZwb †m¸‡jvi
g‡a¨ †h mZ¨ Luy‡R cvb ZvI A¯^xKvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| Gfv‡e
GKRb L„óvb Bqvû`xag©‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i, Avevi MÖnY K‡i Iì
†Uóv‡g›U hv Bqvû`x‡ì Kv‡Q AvbxZ gymvi Av. wk¶v †_‡K D™¢‚Z|
†m wb‡R‡K hyMcrfv‡e `yÕwU ci¯úi we‡ivax wek¦vm MÖnY Kivi GK
Am¤¢e Ae¯’v‡b wb‡R‡K ¯’vwcZ K‡i| wb‡æv×„Z As‡k Gi cÖgvY
†g‡j : A-L„óvb ag©¸‡jv‡Z Av‡cw¶K fvj Dcv`vb i‡q‡Q| wg_¨v
ag© †_‡K `~‡i _vKvi AvnŸvbwU wbwðZiƒ‡cB evB‡e‡ji Ab¨w`‡K
ag©MÖš¸
’ ‡jv‡Z †cŠËwjK a‡g©i Ac‡èZv‡ì wk¶vI cÖ`vb Kiv
n‡q‡Q... GK_vI mZ¨ †h mxwgZ Av‡cw¶K fv‡jvi Dcv`vb¸‡jv
Gme a‡g©I i‡q‡Q| GK_v †hgb mZ¨ †h †m¸‡jv Ac‡èZvi
êwkó¨ gwÊZ, GK_vI Avevi mZ¨ †h †m¸‡jvi gvby‡li Kv‡Q
Ck¦‡ii cÖZ¨v‡`‡ki gvby‡li K…Z weK…Z e¨vL¨viB m„wó| hwÌ
†m¸‡jv kqZv‡bi Kg© n‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e Zv AswkZ Ck¦‡ii mvaviY
AbyMÖ‡ni Ges AswkZ cvcx gvbyl KZ©…K Ck¦‡ii cÖZ¨v‡`‡ki
Aceënv‡ii dmjI e‡U|2
GLv‡b ¸i“Z¡cY~ © welq nj †h fm evB‡ej †h me weK…wZi
wkKvi n‡q‡Q Zvi me¸‡jvi D‡jL K‡ibwb|
A-L„óvb ag© wek¦v‡mi hyMcr MÖnY I eR©‡bi GB mgm¨v
cwinv‡ii cÖ‡Póv G hyw³‡Z ïi“ nj †h wKQy L„óvb Òwb‡R‡ì g‡a¨
ÔCk¦‡ii L„‡óÕi cÖfve Dcjwä Ki‡Q whwb wPiš—b wek¦ wbqš¿K A_ev
Ck¦i wn‡m‡e n‡”Qb ÒAv‡jv whwb cÖwZwU gvbyl‡K Av‡jvwKZ
K‡ib|Ó DBwjqvg †U¤új (W. Temple) GB gZ mg_©b K‡i
wj‡L‡Qb- ÒCk¦‡ii evYx, ej‡Z †M‡j hxï L„ó, whkvBq (Isaiah) I
c−v†Uv, hi_ªyóª (Zoroastor) ey× I Kbdzwmqvm †m mZ¨B wj‡L‡Qb
I e‡j‡Qb hv Zviv †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| Hk¦wiK Av‡jv GKUvB Ges
cÖwZwU gvbylB Zvi wbR wbR cwigvc Abyhvqx Zv Øviv Av‡jvwKZ
n‡q‡Q|Ó3 GB e³‡e¨ †h `yÕwU wel‡qi Dci †Rvi †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Zv
nj ÒGK Hk¦wiK Av‡jvÓ Ges ÒL„óÓ| G `yÕwU Avm‡j GKB welq|
†h‡nZz L„ó ÔKíbviÕ welq, ZvB G gZev` e¨_© Ges mgm¨v weivR
Ki‡Q| RR© AiI‡q‡ji ÒˆØZ wPš—vÓi kiYvcbœ n‡jB ïay Zv
cwinvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wZwb G‡K G fv‡e msÁvwqZ K‡i‡Qb :
ÔˆØZ wPš—vÕi A_© nj hyMcr fv‡e `yÕwU ci¯úi we‡ivax
kw³‡K aviY Kiv Ges Zv‡ì Dfq‡KB MÖnY Kiv| `jxq eyw×Rxex
Rv‡bb †h wZwb ev¯—‡ei mv‡_ fuvIZvevwR Ki‡Qb, wKš‘ ˆØZ wPš—vi
cÖ‡qvM Øviv wZwb wb‡R‡K mš‘óI Ki‡Qb †h ev¯—eZv jswNZ n‡”Q
bv|4
L„óB Ck¦iÑ GKRb L„óv‡bi GB †gŠwjK aviYvi g~‡j i‡q‡Q
ÔˆØZ wPš—vÕi Ae¯’vb| hxïi `yÕwU cÖK…wZi êcixZ¨ †_‡K †h aviYv
m„wó n‡q‡Q, ˆØZ wPš—v Zv‡K †eób K‡i Av‡Q| GK gyn‚‡Z© wZwb
gvbyl| Ab¨ gyn‚‡Z© wZwb Ck¦i| cÖ_‡g wZwb whï, Zvi c‡i wZwb L„ó|
GKRb gvbyl hyMcrfv‡e `yÕwU ci¯úi we‡ivax wek¦vm aviY Ki‡Z
cv‡i| GUv ïay ˆØZ wPš—vi cÖ‡qv‡MB m¤¢e| GKgvÎ ˆØZ wPš—vi
ØvivB wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm ¯’vcb I Zv eRvq ivLv hvq|
PvP© Ae Bsj¨v‡Êi 39 wU Aby‡”Q‡ì g‡a¨ 7g Aby‡”Q` ïi“
n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e :
ÒIì †Uóv‡g›U bZzbwUi we‡ivax bq....Ó wgëb ¯úófv‡e
†`wL‡q‡Qb †h Iì †Uóv‡g‡›Ui eû As‡k Ck¦‡ii GK‡Z¡i cÖwZ
mg_©b e¨³ n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b Ggb GKwU AskI †bB †hLv‡b
Hk¦wiK mZ¨‡K wÎZ¡ev‡ì iƒ‡c eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Iì †Uóv‡g›U I
Mm‡cj¸‡jv‡Z GKZ¡ev‡ì cÖwZ mg_©b Ges GKB mg‡q wÎZ¡ev‡ì
cÖwZ mg_©b m¤¢eZ AvR‡Ki L„óvb a‡g©i g‡a¨ ˆØZ wPš—vi cÖfv‡ei
†kÖôZg D`vniY| Gfv‡e hxï hv wk¶v †`bwb, †mB gZev` wfwËK
Pv‡P©i Awawe`¨vi hyw³ ïay hxïi gh©v`v‡KB ¤−vb K‡iwb, Ck¦‡ii
GKZ¡‡KI ¶zYœ K‡i‡Qb| AvR‡Ki L„óvb a‡g©i †h Aa¨vZ¥ `k©b Zv
hxïi AvbxZ Aa¨vZ¥ `k©‡bi m¤ú~Y© we‡ivax| hxïi wk¶vi ev¯—e
w`K¸‡jv A_©vr Zuvi AvPiY wewa AvR wPiZ‡ii R‡b¨ wejyß| hxïi
Rxeb-hvcb Abyhvqx Rxeb hvcb Kivi gva¨‡gB Zuvi evYx Dcjwä
Kiv m¤¢e, wKš‘ hxïi AvPi‡Yi †Kvb weeiY GLb Kvh©Z Avi wU‡K
†bB| G m¤ú‡K© hrmvgvb¨ hv Rvbv hvq, ZvI AvR D‡cw¶Z| hxïi
mePvB‡Z †gŠwjK KvR wQj mªóvi DcvmbvÑ †h D‡Ï‡k¨B ïay
gvbyl‡K m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLb GUv ¯úóZB cÖZxqgvb nq †h hxï
†h Dcvmbv Ki‡Zb, †Kvb L„óvbB GLb †m Dcvmbvi KvR K‡i bv|
hxï mvaviY wmbvM‡M Dcvmbv Ki‡Zb| wZwb cÖwZw`b wba©vwiZ
mg‡q Dcvmbv Ki‡ZbÑ mKvj, `ycyi I mÜ¨vq| Zuvi Dcvmbvi
cÖK…Z weeiY AvR Avi cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e Rvbv hvq †h gymvi Av.
cÖwZ †h iKg Dcvmbvi wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡qwQj, ZvB wQj Zuvi
Dcvmbvi wfwË| hxï ej‡Zb, wZwb wewa-weavb‡K mgybœZ ivLvi
R‡b¨B G‡m‡Qb| †m¸‡jvi we›`ygvÎ aŸsm mvab ev ¶wZ Kivi R‡b¨
bq| hxï‡K 12 eQi eqm †_‡KB †Ri“hv‡j‡g wmbvM‡M wk¶v cÖ`vb
Kiv n‡qwQj| wZwb wmbvMM‡K cwi®‹vi- cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Zb| †Kvb
L„óvb‡KB GLb G ai‡bi KvR Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq bv| hxïi gZ K‡i
KÕRb L„óvb LZbv Kwi‡q‡Qb? AvR Pv‡P© †h cÖv_©bv AbywôZ nq Zvi
cÖPjb ïi“ nq hxïi Aš—a©vb NUvi eûKvj ci| Zuvi A‡bK¸‡jvB
mivmwi G‡m‡Q †cŠËwjK †MÖ‡Kv- †ivgvb (Graeco-Roman)
†cŠivwYK ixwZ-bxwZ †_‡K| GLb Zviv †h cÖv_©bv evK¨ cvV K‡i,
Zv hxïi cÖv_©bv evK¨ bq| Zviv †h †¯—vÎ †M‡q _v‡K Zv hxïi MvIqv
†¯—vÎ bq| cj I Zv‡ì Abymvix‡ì gw¯—®‹ cÖm~Z gZev‡ì Kvi‡Y
†Kvb wRwbm LvIqv nvivg Avi †KvbwU bqÑ †m e¨vcv‡i †Kvb
cÖZ¨v‡`kRwbZ wk¶v †bB| GLb hviv L„óvb nq, Zviv hv Lywk †L‡Z
cv‡i| hxï I Zvi Abymvixiv ïay nvjvj †MvkZ †L‡Zb, Zv‡ì
k~K‡ii gvsm Avnvi Kiv wbwl× wQj| Aš—a©v‡bi c~‡e© hxï me©‡kl
†h Avnvi K‡ib Zv ag©xq Drme (Passover meal) Dcj‡¶
cÖ¯‘Z Lv`¨| †Kvb L„óvbB AvR `xN©Kv‡ji GB Bqvû`x HwZn¨wU
cvjb K‡i bv hv hxï AZ¨š— mZK©Zvi mv‡_ cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb| AvR
Av‡iv Rvbv hvq bv †h hxï Kxfv‡e Avnvi I cvb Ki‡Zb, wZwb Kvi
mv‡_ Avnvi Ki‡Zb Ges Kvi mv‡_ Avnvi Ki‡Zb bv, †Kv_vq wZwb
Avnvi Ki‡Zb Ges †Kv_vq Ki‡Zb bv, KLb Avnvi Ki‡Zb Ges
KLb Avnvi Ki‡Zb bv| hxï Dcevm Ki‡Zb, wKš‘ Kxfv‡e †Kv_vq
Ges KLb Dcevm Ki‡Zb, ZvI Rvbv hvq bv| Zvi Dcev‡mi
wbqg- Kvbyb AvR nvwi‡q †M‡Q| wZwb †Kvb Lvevi we‡kl cQ›`
Ki‡Zb Ges †Kvb Lvev‡ii cÖwZ Zuvi we‡kl †Kvb `ye©jZv wQj bv,
ZvI Rvbv hvq bv| hxï hZw`b c„w_ex‡Z wQ‡jb wZwb weevn
K‡ibwb, wKš‘ wZwb wbwl×I K‡ibwb| Mm‡c‡j Ggb †Kvb Ask †bB
†hLv‡b Zuvi GKRb mnP‡iiI †KŠgvh© cvj‡bi kc_ MÖn‡Yi K_v
Av‡Q| Avevi gV ev AvkÖ‡gi gZ cyi“l Aay¨wlZ mgvR cÖwZôvi
cÖgvYI †Kv_vI †bB hwÌ Zv‡ì Dr‡mi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z GiKg
`yÕGKwU m¤úÖ`vq ZLb wQj| †hgb cÖ‡mbxiv| hxïi Avw`
Abymvix‡ì g‡a¨ hviv weevn K‡iwQ‡jb Zviv Aek¨B gymvi Av.
cÖPvwiZ a‡g©i wbqg- Kvbyb Abymv‡iB Zv K‡iwQ‡jb| Zv‡ì `„óvš—
AvR Avi AbymiY Kiv nq bv|
cvðv‡Z¨ cvwievwiK KvVv‡gvi fvOb †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h GKRb
cyi“l GKRb ¯¿x‡jv‡Ki mv‡_ wK AvPiY Ki‡e ev GKRb gwnjv
GKRb cyi“‡li mv‡_ wK ai‡bi AvPiY Ki‡eÑ G e¨vcv‡i L„óvb
weev‡ni g‡a¨ †Kvb Kvh©Ki wb‡`©kbv †bB| Mm‡cj †_‡K ˆbwZK
bxwZ AvniY K‡i Zvi mvnv‡h¨ Rxeb hvc‡bi †Póv Avi hxï †Kvb
wbw`©ó cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †Kvb wbw`©ófv‡e KvR K‡i‡Qb e‡j ÁvZ n‡q
†mfv‡e KvR Kiv GK K_v bq| KviY cÖ_gUv nj wm×vš—g~jK
Áv‡bi dj, Avi wØZxqwU nj cÖZ¨v‡`k jä Áv‡bi ev¯—evqb|
hxï Kxfv‡e nuvU‡Zb, Kxfv‡e em‡Zb, Kxfv‡e ùvov‡Zb,
Kxfv‡e wb‡R‡K cwi®‹vi- cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Zb, Kxfv‡e Nygv‡Z †h‡Zb,
Kxfv‡e †R‡M DV‡Zb, Kxfv‡e gvbyl‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvbv‡Zb, e„×
†jvK‡ì mv‡_ wK iKg eënvi Ki‡Zb, Aíeq¯‹ †jvK‡ì mv‡_
Zuvi eënvi †Kgb wQj, e„×v gwnjv‡ì mv‡_ wZwb †Kgb eënvi
Ki‡Zb, Zi“YxÑ hyeZx‡ì mv‡_ Zuvi eënvi †Kgb wQj,
AvMš‘K‡ì Kv‡Q wZwb †Kgb wQ‡jb, AwZw_‡ì mv‡_ †Kgb
eënvi Ki‡Zb, kÎ“‡ì mv‡_ Zuvi eënvi †Kgb wQj, Kxfv‡e
ågY Ki‡Zb, wZwb wK Kivi Aby‡gv`b cÖvß wQ‡jb Ges wZwb wK
Kivi AbygwZ cÖvß wQ‡jb bvÑ G m‡ei †Kvb weeiYB †bB|
hxïi Kv‡Q Ck¦i KZ©…K cÖZ¨vw`ó evYxi †h weeiY cvIqv hvq Zv
Ac~Y© I A- h_v_©| AvR‡Ki L„óvb ag© †h gZev‡ì Dci cÖwZwôZ,
Gme weei‡Yi g‡a¨ Zv Luy‡R cvIqv hv‡e bv| hxïi Kg©Kv‡Êi
weeiY cÖvq m¤ú~Y©B Abycw¯’Z, hrmvgvb¨ hvI ev Av‡Q ZvI Kvh©Z
D‡cw¶Z| Aek¨ PvP© †h iƒ‡cB †nvK bv, me©`vB hxïi evYxi
e¨vL¨vZv I AwffveK nIqvi `vwe Rvwb‡q Avm‡Q| hxï wKš‘ PvP©
cÖwZôv K‡i hvbwb| wZwb Ck¦i I gvby‡li g‡a¨ ga¨¯’Zv Kivi R‡b¨
†Kvb cy‡ivwnZ ev hvRKgÊjx cÖwZôv K‡i hvbwb| Zv m‡Ë¡I †mB
cÖ_gve¯’v †_‡KB cÖwZwôZ cjxq PvP© me©`vB L„óvb‡ì GB wk¶v
w`‡q Avm‡Q †h Zv‡ì gyw³ wbðqZv ZLbB †Ìqv hv‡e hw` Zviv
PvP© hv e‡j Zv K‡i I wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡i| PvP© †Kv_v †_‡K G KZ©…Z¡
ev ¶gZv †c‡q‡Q?
GB Pigcš’x KZ©…‡Z¡i `vwe †`Lv hvq †ivgvb K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i
†cvc‡ì Aåvš— e‡j `vweK…Z gZev‡ì g‡a¨| KvwW©bvj nxbvb
(Heenan) Gfv‡e Gi eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb :
Avgv‡ì Pv‡P©i g‡a¨ GB Avðh© H‡Kï †Mvcb inm¨ nj L„‡ói
†mB A½xKvi hv‡Z wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb PvP© KL‡bv mZ¨ wk¶v w`‡Z e¨_©
n‡e bv| Avgiv Rvwb †h PvP© †h wk¶v †`q Avgiv Zv MÖnY Kwi|
Avgiv Rvwb †h GUv Aek¨B mZ¨ n‡e... mKj K¨v_wjK hvRKB
GKB gZev` wk¶v `vb K‡ib †h‡nZz Zviv mK‡jB L„‡ói
cÖwZwbwaZ¡ gvb¨ K‡ib|
ÔcÖwZwbwaZ¡Õ K_vwUi A_© nj Ò†mB e¨w³ whwb A‡bï ¯’vb
MÖnY K‡ib|Ó †cvc n‡jb L„‡ói cÖwZwbwa, †Kbbv, wZwb
c„w_ex‡Z Pv‡P©i cÖavb| PvP© GKB _v‡K †h‡nZz Zvi mKj
m`m¨B GKB wek¦v‡m wek¦vmx| Zviv PvP© wek¦vm K‡i, †Kbbv
PvP© wg_¨v †Kvb wKQy wk¶v w`‡Z cv‡i bv| Avgiv hLb ewj
†h PvP© Aåvš—, Zvi ga¨ w`‡q Avgiv G K_vB eySv‡Z PvB|
L„ó Zvi PvP©‡K cwiPvwjZ Kivi cÖwZkÖ“wZ w`‡qwQ‡jb| G
R‡b¨ wZwb †h me cš’v g‡bvbxZ K‡i‡Qb Zvi GKwU nj
Zuvi K_v ejvi R‡b¨ c„w_ex‡Z Zuvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ †i‡L
hvIqv| †m Kvi‡YB Avgiv †cvc‡K Aåvš— e‡j _vwK| wZwb
n‡”Q Aåvš— Pv‡P©i cÖavb| Ck¦i Zv‡K åvwš—i g‡a¨ wbcwZZ
n‡Z w`‡Z cv‡ib bv|5
GLv‡b Zvrch©cY~ © welq nj †h KvwW©bvj nxbvb ïay L„‡ói K_vB
e‡j‡Qb, hxïi K_v bq| wZwb Zvi e³‡eï mg_©‡b Mm‡c‡ji
D‡jL K‡ibwb|
GB gZev` cÖvqkB AmvgÄm¨c~Y© e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| †Kbbv,
hw` mKj †cvcB Aåvš— nb, Zvn‡j †Kb †cvc Abvwiqvm‡K
(Honorius) MxR©vi Awfkvc †Ìqv n‡qwQj? mv¤úÖwZKKv‡j
†cv‡ci DËim~wi hxïi Kw_Z µzkwe× nIqvi Rb¨ Bqvû`xiv `vqx
wQj bv e‡j gZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb, Zvi A_© wK GB †h c~‡e©i mKj
†cvcB †gv‡UB Aåvš— wQ‡jb bv? ÒPvP© KL‡bvB mZ¨ wk¶v w`‡Z e¨_©
n‡e bv e‡j L„‡ói cÖwZkÖ“wZÕi êaZv GKv‡ji eû †ivgvb
K¨v_wjKB cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Qb| †Kvb Mm‡c‡jI Aek¨ G e³‡eï
mZ¨Zv Luy‡R cvIqv hvq bv| Pv‡P©i wk¶v I ixwZ- bxwZi g‡a¨ †h
wekvj duvK Zv wmbwmbvwUi AvP© wekc †Rv‡md Gj, evb©vwWb
(Josheph. L. Bernadin) †K mgm¨vq †d‡j w`‡q‡Q| BD.Gm.
K¨v_wjKÑ G GK mv¶vrKv‡ii evY©vwWb e‡jb, Òeû †jvKB
wb‡R‡ì‡K DËg K¨v_wjK e‡j we‡ePbv K‡i hwÌ Zv‡ì wek¦vm
I AvPvi- AvPi‡Yi mv‡_ Pv‡P©i AvbyôvwbK wk¶vi we‡iva †`Lv
hvq| GKv‡j GKRb fvj K¨v_wjK nIqvi A_©B cÖvq bZzb iƒc
aviY K‡i‡Q.... hLb (1966) ïµev‡i †MvkZ LvIqv êa nj,
ZLb †h †KDB †cv‡ci KZ©…Z¡ m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i,
Rb¥wbqš¿Y cvjb, hvRKe„wË Z¨vM Ges weevn Kiv A_ev hvi hv Lywk
Ki‡Z cv‡i|Ó MÖxwj (Greely) wj‡L‡Qb, Òïµev‡i †MvkZ Avnvi
†_‡K weiZ _vKvi A_© hxïi Dcev‡mi cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b Ges †h
w`bwU‡Z wZwb µzkwe× nb, †m w`bwUi ¯§„wZ cvjb Kiv| †kl ch©š—
Zv Pv‡P©i GK weav‡b cwiYZ nq Ges kZvãxi ci kZvãx hver Zv
GK ai‡bi †ivgvb K¨v_wjK cwiPq wPnè wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|Ó
†jLK †Wvwim MÖ“gevL (Doris Grumbach) wµwUK- G
wj‡LwQ‡jb : f¨vwUKvb 2 (1962 L„. wØZxq f¨vwUKvb KvDwÝj)
Avgv‡K Awff~Z K‡iwQj| KviY weeY© Rxeb, Ávb I AvPi‡Yi
GKvš— †h fyebÑ Zvi evB‡i Av‡iv wKQy e¨vcv‡i Zv G‡Ki AwaK
Rev‡ei m¤¢vebv m„wó K‡iwQj, wKš‘ wbqg- Kvbyb I kvm‡bi gvbweK
AwfÁZvi mKj †¶‡Îi b¨vq hLb Rvbvjv Ly‡j hvq, cÖ‡Z¨KwU
welqB ZLb cÖ‡kœi m¤§yLxb nq| †Kvb wPiš—bZv, †Kvb c~Y©v½Zv
ZLb Aewkó _v‡K bv| G mgq PvP© Avgvi Kv‡Q GKwU weZK©‡hvM¨
cÖkœ n‡q D‡V| Avwg GLbI Avgvi Rxe‡bi †K›`ªkw³ wn‡m‡e
Mmcj, L„ó Ges Zvi wKQy wkl¨‡K AvuK‡o a‡i i‡qwQ, wKš‘ PvP©
Avgvi Kv‡Q Avi ¸i“Z¡cY~ © cÖwZôvb bq| Avwg Avi Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡Z
cvwi bv|6
m¤ú~Y© Aåvš— bv nIqv m‡Ë¡I Pv‡P©i KZ©…Z¡ GLbI we`¨gvb|
†h me PvP© Zv‡ì Dci †cv‡ci KZ©…Z¡ A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q, †mme Pv‡P©i
g‡aÏ Gi wkKo Qov‡bv| hv‡nvK, AvR GB KZ©…‡Z¡i êaZv
m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n m„wó n‡q‡Q Ges Ggb ch©v‡q Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q hv
c~‡e© KL‡bv nqwb| RR© n¨vwim‡bi fvlvq :
Avcwb hLb Zi“Y wQ‡jb ZLb Avcbvi wcZv- gvZv KZ©…K
Avcwb Pv‡P© bxZ n‡qwQ‡jb Ges ¯‹z‡j Avcbv‡K ag© wk¶v MÖnY
Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv n‡qwQj| †m¸‡jv Avcbvi g‡b wKQy †iLvcvZ Kivi
†Póv Ki‡Q| Gi KviY GB †h †KDB Pv‡P© hvq bv Ges Ck¦‡i wek¦vm
K‡i bv| †Kb? KviY Zviv evB‡ej‡K †mfv‡e e¨vL¨v K‡iwb †hfv‡e
Zv Kiv DwPZ wQj| Avwg Avm‡jB Ck¦‡i wek¦vm Kwiwb, KviY
Avgv‡K †mB wk¶v †Ìqv n‡q‡Q ïay wek¦vm jv‡fi R‡b¨, Avcbvi
†m R‡b¨ `ytwLZ nIqvi wKQy †bB, Avgiv Avcbv‡K hv ejwQ, Avcwb
ïay Zv wek¦vm Ki“b|7
hxïi evbxi AwffveK‡Z¡i e¨vcv‡i Pv‡P©i wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv m¤ú~Y©
MÖnY I m¤ú~Y© cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi `yÕwU †gi“i g‡a¨ GKRb L„óvb nIqvi
e¨vcv‡i mKj gZvg‡Zi QvqvcvZ N‡U‡Q| DBj‡d«W K¨v›UI‡qj
w¯§Z wj‡L‡Qb :
AvR‡Ki L„óvb Pv‡P©i g‡a¨ GZ †ewk êcixZ¨ I msNvZ, GZ
†ewk †Mvj‡hvM †h L„óxq m‡Zï HKë× A_ev c×wZMZ cy‡iv‡bv
Av`k© we`vq wb‡q‡Q| †m Kvi‡Y hvRK m¤úÖ`v‡qi HK¨ Av‡›`vj‡b
AZ¨š— †`wi n‡q †M‡Q| hv N‡U‡Q Zv nj L„óvb RMr weKí my‡hv‡Mi
†LvjvLywj êwPÎ¨gq cwiw¯’wZi w`‡K GwM‡q‡Q| g‡b nq, Kv‡iv
c‡¶ Avi GUv m¤¢e n‡e bv †h Zv‡K AvbyôvwbK I mvgwMÖK fv‡e
L„óvb nIqvi K_v ejv n‡e A_ev ejvi Kíbv Kiv n‡e| Zvi wb‡Ri
R‡b¨ Zv‡KB wm×vš— w`‡Z n‡e|8
G wm×vš— †_‡K GUvB eySv hvq †h AvR hZ L„óvb Av‡Q, L„óvb
a‡g©i ZZ iƒcI Av‡Q Ges hxïi evYxi AwffveK †h PvP©, cÖwZôvb
wn‡m‡e †mB Pv‡P©i f~wgKv GLb wecyjfv‡e n«vm †c‡q‡Q| BD, wm.
Gj. G (U. C. L. A)Ñ Gi GKRb øvZK Qv‡Îi cÖk:œ Òhw`
Avgvi Áv‡bi DciB me wKQy wbf©i K‡i Zvn‡j Pv‡P©i cÖ‡qvRbUv
wK?Ó9
hv †nvK, PvP© AvR cwðgv ms¯‹…wZi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wn‡m‡eB
we`¨gvb Ges G `y‡qi ga¨Kvi m¤úK© GK †KŠZ‚n‡jvÏxcK welq|
weMZ K‡qK kZvãx a‡i Aw¯—‡Z¡i êwkó¨ Dcjwäi cÖ‡Póvq
cvðv‡Z¨ wecyj cwigvY mvwnZ¨ iwPZ n‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ eû MÖš’B
gvby‡li hLb Zvi Rxeb- hvcb I Rxe‡bvcjwäi †¶‡Î cÖZ¨vw`ó
Áv‡bi wbðqZv _v‡K bv ZLb †m hv Luy‡R †d‡i, †mB gvby‡li g‡bi
wPš—vi m¤¢ve¨ mKj †¶‡Îi GKwU wPÎ Zz‡j a‡i| wKQy wKQy †jLK
†hgb cvmKvj (Pascal) Dcjwä K‡i‡Qb †h gb GKwU mxgve×
hš¿ Ges ü`q nj gvby‡li mËvi †K›`ª Ges cÖK…Z Áv‡bi Avavi :
ü`‡qi wbR¯^ hyw³ Av‡Q hv hyw³i Kv‡Q AcwiwPZ| ü`qB
Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb, hyw³ bq| GUv nj ZvB, hv‡K wek¦vm ejv
nq| Ck¦i ü`q Øviv Dcjä nb, hyw³ Øviv bq|10
ü`‡q cÖ‡ek jv‡fi †Póvq A‡b‡KB L„óvb ag©‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ges
Ab¨ cš’v wb‡q cix¶v- wbix¶v K‡i‡Qb :
Aa¨vZ¥ev`x AwfÁZv wek¦RMr m¤ú‡K© Òm‡ZïÓ cÖK…Z Ávb
jv‡fi w`‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvq| GB mZ¨ fvlvq cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv,
eis Zv Dcjwäi welq| G‡¶‡Î gva¨g n‡Z cv‡i msMxZ, gv`K,
a¨vb....|11
mZ¨ Dcjwäi GB weKí cš’v cvðv‡Z¨ e¨vcKfv‡e RbMY
KZ©…K M„nxZ n‡q‡Q, cÖvqkB AvZ¥Zzwói cš’v wn‡m‡e|
cvðv‡Zï ms¯‹…wZi GB bqv avivi mv‡_ PvP© e¨vcKfv‡e
wb‡R‡K Lvc LvB‡q wb‡q‡Q| PvP©‡K RbvKxY© ivL‡Z wKQy hvRK
Zv‡ì Kg©m~Px‡Z †cvc MÖ“c I wWm‡Kv‡_K‡K Aš—f©y³ K‡i‡Qb
hv‡Z Zi“Y mgvR‡K AvK…ó Kiv hvq| KbmvU©, cÖ`k©bx Ges
i¶Ykxj‡ì R‡b¨ eë¯’v Kiv nq cy‡iv‡bv gv‡ji m¯—v `‡i
weµ‡qi| `vZe¨ ms¯’v¸‡jv PvP©¸‡jvi mv‡_ RwoZ‡ì Rb¨ GKwU
D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi eë¯’v cÖwZôvq mvnvh¨ K‡i| PvP©‡K ÒAvaywbKvqbÓ
Kivi Ges Zv‡K hy‡Mvc‡hvMx ivLvi wbiš—i D‡`¨vM †h †Kvb cš’vq
Av‡cvm Kivi cjxq Pv‡P©i `xN©Kv‡ji HwZ‡nïB cwiPq enb K‡i|
PvP© hw` hxïi evYx cÖPvi Ki‡Z bvI cv‡i, b~¨bZg c‡¶ GKwU
cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgvwRK Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRK Aek¨B n‡Z cv‡i|
GB Av‡cvm cÖwµqvi dj n‡q‡Q we‡kl K‡i MZ `k‡K
ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Pv‡P©i Ae¨vnZ AvZ¥xKiY Ges Pv‡P©i cwieZ©bkxj
KvVv‡gv‡Z ms¯‹…wZi cybt AvZ¥xKiY| GwU nj GKwU wØ-gyLx cÖwµqv
hv cj I Zvi AbymvixMY KZ©…K ïi“ nIqvi ci †_‡K mxgvnxbfv‡e
cwiewZ©Z n‡q P‡j‡Q| msMxZ, gv`K I a¨v‡bi AwfÁZvi d‡j eû
†jvKB L„óvb a‡g© cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i‡Q| Zv‡ì cÖeYZv nj nq Gme
AwfÁZv m¤ú~Y© cÖZ¨vL¨vb I L„óvba‡g©i †Muvov iƒcwU MÖnY A_ev
Zv‡ì bZzb Rxeb aviv‡K L„óvba‡g©i Zv‡ì wbR¯^ AvaywbKxK…Z
iƒ‡c Aš—f©y³ Kiv| GB DfqavivB hxïi bexZ¡‡K †X‡K †d‡j‡Q|
wZwb nq Ck¦i wn‡m‡e DbœxZ n‡q‡Qb A_ev A‡jŠwKK ¶gZv m¤úbœ
kÖ‡×q e¨w³ wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡q‡Qb| wZwb DËg wQ‡jb, Z‡e Zv‡K
fyj eySv n‡q‡Q|
cwðgv ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ Pv‡P©i m¤ú‡K©i welqwU GKv‡j †jv‡Kiv
Kxfv‡e Rxeb- hvcb K‡i Zv j¶¨ K‡i †`L‡jB my®úófv‡e aiv
co‡e| hviv Ck¦i‡K ¯§iY Kivi Rb¨ gV I AvkÖg¸‡jv‡Z wb‡R‡ì
cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì Qvov hviv wb‡R‡ì L„óvb e‡j AvL¨vwqZ
K‡i, Zv‡ì Rxeb hvÎvi mv‡_ hviv wb‡R‡ì AÁev`x
(Agnostic), gvbeZvev`x ev bvw¯—K e‡j `vwe K‡i, Zv‡ì Rxeb
hvÎvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q| Zv‡ì ag© wek¦v‡mi cv_©K¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘
Zv‡ì mvaviY eënvi ev AvPi‡Y †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB|
cvðv‡Zï L„óvb †`k¸‡jv‡Z †h AvBb we`¨gvb, †hgb Rb¥ I
g„Zz¨ m¤úwK©Z AvBb, weevn I weevn we‡”Q` msµvš— AvBb, weevwnZ
Rxeb I weevn Rxe‡bi evB‡i m¤úwËi AwaKvi A_ev weevn we‡”Q`
I g„Zz¨ msµvš— NUbv, `ËK MÖnY I AwffveKZ¡, evwYR¨ I wkí
msµvš— AvBb Gm‡ei †KvbwUB Mm‡cj¸‡jv‡Z Luy‡R cvIqv hvq bv|
Ck¦i KZ©…K gvby‡li Kv‡Q †hme AvBb cÖZ¨vw`ó n‡q‡Q, G¸‡jv †m
AvBb bq| G¸‡jv nj wm×vš—g~jK Áv‡bi dj| G¸‡jv nq †ivgvb
AvBb eë¯’v †_‡K DËivwaKvi wn‡m‡e G‡m‡Q A_ev `xN©Kvj a‡i
†jv‡Ki mvaviY AvPvi- AvPiY Zvi wfwË A_ev cÖvPxb MÖxK‡ì
cÖYxZ wewa hv MYZvwš¿K c×wZi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© K‡i ms¯‹vi I
ms‡kvab Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKv‡ji †Kvb Av`vj‡Z †KDB †Kvb †jv‡Ki
†¶‡Î AvBb cÖ‡qvMKv‡j Drm wn‡m‡e Mm‡c‡ji K_v D‡jL Ki‡Z
ev Zv MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
AvR‡Ki L„óvb ag© cvðv‡Zï ms¯‹…wZ †_‡K AwefvR¨| L„óvb
PvP© I ivóª GK| Gme cÖwZôv‡b †h me e¨w³ KvR K‡ib Zviv hxïi
b¨vq Rxeb- hvcb K‡ib bv| L„óvb a‡g©i mvgwMÖK Ae¶‡qi KviY
wn‡m‡e ejv hvq †h AvR‡Ki w`‡bi L„óvb‡ì g‡a¨ mvgvwRK
AvPiY- Áv‡bi Afve i‡q‡Q Ges GB Afve Zv‡ì‡K GB Rxe‡b
m`&¸Y ewR©Z K‡i‡Q Ges g„Zz¨ cieZ©x Rxe‡bi NUbvi R‡b¨ Zv‡ì
cÖ¯‘Z K‡i †i‡L‡Q| DBj‡d«W K¨v›UI‡qj w¯§Z wj‡L‡Qb :
ÔL„óvb ag©‡K mZ¨ ag© ejv †Kvb Zvrch©cY~ © e³e¨ bq|
GKwUB gvÎ cÖkœ Zvrch©cY~ © hv Ck¦i A_ev Avgv‡K A_ev Avgvi
cÖwZ‡ekx‡K wb‡qÑ Avi Zv nj : Avgvi L„óvb ag© mZ¨ bvwK
AvcbviwU mZ¨| GB cÖ‡kœi e¨vcv‡i, hv mZ¨B GK wek¦Rbxb cÖk,œ
Avgvi Kv‡Q Gi GKgvÎ êa DËiwU njÑ Lye GKUv bv. |12
GZ¶‡Yi GB Av‡jvPbvi ci †h we¯§qKi NUbvwU `„wó AvKl©Y
K‡i Zv nj, we‡k¦i PvP©¸‡jv µgk: k~b¨ n‡q c‡o‡QÑ Avi Bmjvg
a‡g©i gmwR`¸‡jv µgk: c~Y© n‡q DV‡Q|
beg Aa¨vq
KziAv‡b Cmv Av.
gnvb Avj−vn iveŸyj Avjvgxb KZ©…K we‡kl bex gynv¤§` mvj−vj−vû
AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg Gi Dci bvwRjK…Z me©‡kl Avmgvwb wKZve
Avj-KziAvb Cmv Av. m¤ú‡K© Áv‡bi GKwU Drm hv mvaviY fv‡e
AwaKvsk L„óv‡biB Rvbv †bB| KziAvb Avgv‡ì‡K Zvi m¤ú‡K© ïay
fvjfv‡e Rvb‡ZB mvnvh¨ K‡i bv, Dciš‘ GB Rvbvi ga¨ w`‡q Zvi
cÖwZ Avgv‡ì kÖ×v I fv‡jvevmv‡KI e„w× K‡i| Cmv Av. Gi R‡b¥i
cÖvq 6kÕ eQi ci bvwRjK…Z me©‡kl Avmgvwb wKZve KziAvb cvK
Zuvi Rxeb I wk¶v m¤ú‡K© ¸i“Z¡cY~ © eY©bv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q|
GKZ¡ev`x‡ì aviYvq bex Rxe‡bi wekvj †cÖ¶vcU i‡q‡Q, KziAvb
†mB †cÖ¶vc‡U Cmv Av. Gi f~wgKv‡K ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| cÖK…Zc‡¶
KziAvb Zuvi m¤ú‡K© hZUv ÁvZ K‡i‡Q, Ab¨ Avi †Kvb m~Î Zv
cv‡iwb|
cweÎ KziAvb Cmv Av. Gi Rxeb- Kvwnwbi wek` eY©bv cÖ`vb
K‡iwb, eis mywbw`©ó wKQy NUbv e¨³ K‡i‡Q| Zuv‡K †h A‡jŠwKK
¶gZv I kw³ †Ìqv n‡qwQj Zvi D‡j−L i‡q‡Q, wKš‘ Zv AwaKvsk
†¶‡Î mvaviY fvlvq| Abyiƒcfv‡e Avj−vn Zuvi Kv‡Q ÒBbwRjÓ bv‡g
†h Avmgvwb wKZve bvwRj K‡iwQ‡jb †ek K‡qKevi Zvi D‡j−L
i‡q‡Q, wKš‘ D³ wKZv‡ei mwVK welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© we‡kl wKQy ejv
nqwb| hv †nvK, wZwb Kxfv‡e c„w_ex‡Z AvMgb K‡ib, wZwb †K
wQ‡jb, wZwb Kx wQ‡jb bv Ges Kxfv‡e Zvi Dci Awc©Z `vwqZ¡
cvj‡bi cwimgvwß N‡U Gme wel‡q KziAv‡b my¯úó eY©bv i‡q‡Q|
Cmv Av. Gi Rxe‡bi cÖwZ `„wó †Ìqvi Av‡M c„w_ex‡Z Zuvi
KvR Kx wQj, wZwb Kxfv‡e cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’vi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q
wb‡qwQ‡jb Ges Zvi c‡i Kx Avmvi K_v wQj Gme welq cix¶v
K‡i wb‡j Zuvi Rxeb m¤ú‡K© Rvbv mnR n‡e| GK_v evievi ejv
n‡q‡Q †h Cmv Av. wQ‡jb ch©vqµ‡g AvMZ bexM‡Yi GKRb hv‡K
c„w_exi gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cÖiY Kiv n‡qwQj| wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb bex
whwb Zuvi c~‡e© AvMZ bex‡ì wb‡`©kbv I wk¶vB cybe©¨³ K‡iwQ‡jb
Ges wZwb wQ‡jb Zuvi cieZ©x bexiB c~e©m~wi|
KziAv‡bi G‡Kev‡i †Mvovi w`‡KB Cmv Av. m¤ú‡K© D‡j−L Kiv
n‡q‡Q: Ges wbðq gymv‡K wKZve w`‡qwQ Ges Zvi c‡i ch©vqµ‡g
ivm~jMY‡K †cÖiY K‡iwQ, gvi&qvg- cyÎ Cmv‡K ¯úó cÖgvY w`‡qwQ
Ges ÔcweÎ AvZ¥vÕ∗ Øviv Zv‡K kw³kvjx K‡iwQ| (2 : 87)
KziAv‡bi wb‡æv³ AvqvZ¸‡jv eû bexi K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q
Cmv Av. huv‡ì Aš—f©y³ wQ‡jb| Beivwng Av. m¤ú‡K© D‡j−Lc~e©K
ejv n‡q‡Q :
Ges Zv‡K `vb K‡iwQjvg BmnvK I BqvKze Ges Zv‡ì
cÖ‡Z¨K‡K mrc‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡iwQjvg; c~‡e© b~n‡KI
mrc‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡iwQjvg Ges Zvi eskai `vD`,
myjvqgvb, AvBqye, BDmyd, gymv I nvi“b‡KI; Avi
Gfv‡eB mrKg© civqY‡ì cyi¯‹…Z Kwi| Ges hvKvwiqv,
BqvnBqv, Cmv Ges Bwjqvm‡KI mrc‡_ cwiPvwjZ
K‡iwQjvg, Giv mK‡jB m¾b‡ì Aš—f©y³| 6 : 84-86
ivm~jM‡Yi G ZvwjKv wKš‘ GB-B m¤ú~Y© bq| G e¨vcv‡i
ejv n‡q‡Q: A‡bK ivm~j †cÖiY K‡iwQ hv‡ì K_v c~‡e©
Avwg †Zvgv‡K e‡jwQ Ges A‡bK ivm~j hv‡ì K_v
†Zvgv‡K ewjwb| (4 : 164)
nvw`m kix‡d Av‡Q, bexM‡Yi msL¨v gynv¤§` mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn
Iqv mvj−vg e‡j‡Qb 1jvL 24 nvRvi| Cmv Av. †h Zv‡ì g‡a¨
GKRb G wb‡q †Kvb we‡iva ev weZ‡K©i AeKvk †bB| Avj−vn
ZvÕAvjv KziAvb gRx‡` e‡jb :
∗
cweÎ AvZ¥v ej‡Z GLv‡b nhiZ wReivBj Av. †K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
ej, ÔAvgiv Avj−vn‡Z Ges Avgv‡ì cÖwZ hv AeZxY© n‡q‡Q
Ges Beivnxg, BmgvBj, BmnvK, BqvKze I Zvi
eskaiM‡Yi cÖwZ hv AeZxY© n‡qwQj Ges hv gymv, Cmv I
Ab¨vb¨ bexMY‡K Zv‡ì cÖwZcvj‡Ki wbKU †_‡K cÖ`vb
Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv‡Z Cgvb G‡bwQ| Avgiv Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb
ZviZg¨ Kwi bv Ges Avgiv Zuvi wbKU AvZ¥mgc©YKvix|
(3 : 84)
mKj bexB G e¨vcv‡i AewnZ wQ‡jb †h Avj−vn Zuv‡ì‡K GKB
D‡Ï‡k¨ I GKB evYx w`‡q †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb :
¯§iY Ki, hLb Avwg bex‡ì wbKU †_‡K A½xKvi MÖnY
K‡iwQjvg Ges †Zvgvi wbKU †_‡KI Ges b~n, Beivnxg, gymv,
gvi&qvg-cyÎ Cmvi wbKU n‡ZI| Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K MÖnY K‡iwQjvg
`„p A½xKvi; mZëv`x‡ì‡K Zv‡ì mZëvw`Zv m¤^‡Ü wRÁvmv
Kivi R‡b¨| wZwb Kv‡di‡ì R‡b¨ cÖ¯‘Z †i‡L‡Qb gg©š‘` kvw¯—|
(33 : 7-8)
†n ivm~jMY! †Zvgiv cweÎ e¯‘ †_‡K Avnvi Ki I mrKg© Ki;
†Zvgiv hv Ki †m m¤^‡Ü Avwg mwe‡kl AewnZ Ges †Zvgv‡ì GB
†h RvwZÑ G‡Zv GKB RvwZ Ges AvwgB †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK,
AZGe Avgv‡K fq Ki| (23 : 51-52)
wZwb †Zvgv‡ì R‡b¨ wewae× K‡i‡Qb `xb hvi wb‡`©k wZwb
w`‡qwQ‡jb b~n‡KÑ Avi hv Avwg Iwn K‡iwQÑ †Zvgv‡K Ges hvi
wb‡`©k w`‡qwQjvg Beivnxg, gymv I Cmv‡K, GB e‡j †h †Zvgiv
`xb‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki Ges G‡Z gZ‡f` Ki bv| (42 : 13)
Gme Avqv‡Z G †Mvj‡hvMc~Y© c„w_ex‡Z wew”Qbœ NUbvi Rb¨
¯§iYxq GKRb gvbyl wn‡m‡e Cmv Av. Gi AvMg‡bi K_v ejv nqwb,
eis ejv n‡q‡Q Ggb GKRb bexi K_v hv‡K †cÖiY Kiv n‡qwQj
Zvi mgq I Kv‡ji R‡b¨, Avi Zv gnv m‡Zï D‡b¥vP‡bi Ask
wn‡m‡eB :
gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv‡K Zvi c~‡e© AeZxY© ZvIiv‡Zi mg_©Kiƒ‡c
Zv‡ì cðv‡Z †cÖiY K‡iwQjvg Ges gyËvKx‡ì Rb¨ c‡_i wb‡`©k
I Dc‡`kiƒ‡c Zv‡K BbwRj w`‡qwQjvg, Zv‡Z wQj c‡_i wb‡`©k I
Av‡jv | (5 : 46)
Dciš‘ mgq m¤ú‡K©I KziAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q, †h wel‡q Cmv Av.
wb‡RI AZ¨š— m‡PZb wQ‡jb| Zuvi Av‡M I Zuvi c‡iI mgq wbw`©ó
K‡i †Ìqv n‡qwQj:
¯§iY Ki, gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv e‡jwQj : †n ebx BmivCj! Avwg
†Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q Avj−vni ivm~j Ges Avgvi c~e© n‡Z †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q
†h ZvIivZ i‡q‡Q Avwg Zvi mg_©K Ges Avgvi c‡i Avng` bv‡g
†h ivm~j Avm‡eb Avwg Zvi mymsev``vZv| (61 : 6)
Cmv Av. Gi AvMgb I Rb¥ m¤ú‡K© KziAv‡b wek` eY©bv
i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b Zvi gv‡qi Rb¥ I †e‡o IVv welq KziAv‡b gRx‡`
hv D‡jL n‡q‡Q Zv D×„Z Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, KviY hxïi fwel¨r gvZv
wn‡m‡e Avj−vni B”Qvq Zvi Rb¥ I Kxfv‡e wZwb wbe©vwPZ nb Zv
Rvb‡Z mnvqK n‡e :
¯§iY Ki, hLb Bgiv‡bi ¯¿x e‡jwQj, Ô†n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgvi
M‡f© hv Av‡Q Zv GKvš— †Zvgvi Rb¨ Avwg DrmM© Kijvg| myZivs
Zzwg Avgvi KvQ †_‡K Zv Keyj Ki, Zzwg me© †kÖvZv, me©Á|Õ
Zvici hLb †m Zv‡K cÖme Kij, ZLb †m ejj, Ô†n Avj−vn Avgvi
cÖwZcvjK! Avwg Kb¨v cÖme K‡iwQ|Õ †m hv cÖme K‡i‡Q Avj−vn Zv
mg¨K AeMZ| Ô †Q‡j †Zv †g‡qi gZ bq, Avwg Zvi bvg gvi&qvg
†i‡LwQ|Õ ÔGes Awfkß kqZvb n‡Z Zvi I Zvi eskai‡ì Rb¨
†Zvgvi ¯§iY MÖnY KiwQ|Õ
Zvici Zvi cÖwZcvjK Zv‡K mvMÖ‡n Keyj Ki‡jb Ges Zv‡K
DËgiƒ‡c jvjb cvjb Ki‡jb Ges wZwb Zv‡K hvKvwiqvi
ZË¡veav‡b †i‡LwQ‡jb| hLbB hvKvwiqv K‡¶ Zvi mv‡_ mv¶vr
Ki‡Z †hZ ZLwb Zvi Kv‡Q Lv`¨-mvgMÖx †`L‡Z †cZ| †m ejZ Ô†n
gvi&qvg! Gme Zzwg †Kv_vq †c‡j? †m ejZ- ÔAvj−vni KvQ †_‡K|Õ
Avj−vn hv‡K B”Qv AcwiwgZ Rxe‡bvcKiY `vb K‡ib|
†mLv‡bB hvKvwiqv Zvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv K‡i ejj- Ô†n
Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡K Zzwg †Zvgvi KvQ †_‡K mr eskai `vb
Ki| wbðqB Zzwg cÖv_©bv kÖeYKvix|Õ
hLb hvKvwiqv K‡¶ mvjv‡Z ùvwo‡qwQ‡jb ZLb †d‡ikZvMY Zv‡K
m‡¤^vab K‡i ejj, ÔAvj−vn †Zvgv‡K Bqvnqvi mymsev` w`‡”Qb, †m
n‡e Avj−vni evYxi mg_©K, †bZv, ¯¿x weivMx Ges cyYëvb‡ì g‡a¨
GKRb bex|Õ
†m ejj, Ô†n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgvi cyÎ n‡e Kxfv‡e? Avgvi †Zv
eva©K¨ G‡m‡Q Ges Avgvi ¯¿x eÜ¨v|Õ wZwb ej‡jbÑ Ô G fv‡eB|Õ
Avj−vn hv B”Qv ZvB K‡ib|
†m ejjÑ Ô†n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡K GKwU wb`k©b `vI|Õ wZwb
ej‡jb, Ô †Zvgvi wb`k©b GB †h wZb w`b Zzwg Bw½Z e¨ZxZ K_v
ej‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avi †Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK‡K AwaK ¯§iY Ki‡e Ges
mÜ¨vq I cÖfv‡Z Zvi cweÎZv I gwngv †NvlYv Ki‡e|Õ (3 : 35-
41)
Cmv Av. Gi wVK Av‡Mi bex wQ‡jb Bqvnqv Av.| Ôm~iv gvi&qvgÕÑ G
bex Bqvnqvi A‡jŠwKK Rb¥MÖn‡Yi D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q :
Bnv †Zvgvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki AbyMÖ‡ni weeiY Zuvi ev›`v hvKvwiqvi cÖwZ
hLb †m Zvi cÖwZcvjK‡K AvnŸvb K‡iwQj wbf„‡Z,
†h e‡jwQj, ÔAvgvi Aw¯’ `ye©j n‡q‡Q, eva©‡K¨ Avgvi g¯—K †kvwfZ
a~mi Pz‡j, †n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avwg KL‡bv †Zvgvi cÖv_©bv K‡i
wedj nBwb|Õ
Avwg Avk¼v Kwi Avgvi ci Avgvi m‡MvÎxq‡ì m¤ú‡K©; Avgvi ¯¿x
eÜ¨v, myZivs Zzwg †Zvgvi wbKU †_‡K `vb Ki DËivwaKvix,
†h Avgvi DËivwaKvwiZ¡ Ki‡e Ges DËivwaKvwiZ¡ Ki‡e BqvKz‡ei
es‡ki Ges †n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Zv‡K Zzwg Ki m‡š—vlfvRb|Õ
wZwb ej‡jb †n hvKvwiqv! Avwg †Zvgv‡K GK cy‡Îi mymsev` w`w”Q
Zvi bvg n‡e Bqvnqv, G bv‡g Avwg Av‡M Kv‡iv bvgKiY Kwiwb|Õ
†m ejj, Ô†n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! †Kgb K‡i Avgvi cyÎ n‡e hLb
Avgvi ¯¿x eÜ¨v I Avwg eva©‡Kï †kl mxgvq DcbxZ?Õ
wZwb ej‡jb : ÔGiƒcB n‡e|Õ †Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK ej‡jb, ÔGUv
Avgvi Rb¨ mnR, Avwg †Zv Gi Av‡M †Zvgv‡KI m„wó K‡iwQ hLb
Zzwg wKQyB wQ‡jb bv|Õ
hvKvwiqv ejj, Ô†n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡K GKwU wb‡`©kb `vI|Õ
wZwb ej‡jb, Ô†Zvgvi wb`k©b GB †h Zzwg my¯’ _vKv m‡Ë¡I wZb w`b
Kv‡iv mv‡_ †Kvb evK¨vjvc Ki‡e bv|Õ
Gici †m Zvi Ni †_‡K †ei n‡q Zvi m¤úÖ`v‡qi †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q
Gj Ges Bw½‡Z Zv‡ì‡K mKvj- mÜ¨vq Avj−vni cweÎZv I gwngv
†NvlYv Ki‡Z ejj|
Avwg ewjjvg, Ô†n Bqvnqv! GB wKZve `„pZvi mv‡_ MÖnY Ki| Avwg
ˆkk‡eB Zv‡K `vb K‡iwQjvg Ávb, Ges Avgvi wbKU †_‡K ü`‡qi
†KvgjZv I cweÎZv Ges †m wQj gyËvKx, wcZv- gvZvi AbyMZ| †m
wQj bv D×Z I Aeva¨| Zvi cÖwZ wQj kvwš— †h w`b †m Rb¥MÖnY
K‡i, kvwš— _vK‡e †h w`b Zvi g„Zz¨ n‡e Ges †hw`b †m RxweZ
Ae¯’vq cybi“wÌZ n‡e| (19 : 2-15)
cweÎ KziAv‡b `yÕwU ¯’v‡b Cmv Av. Gi Rb¥ MÖn‡Yi cÖm‡½ Av‡Q:
¯§iY Ki, hLb †d‡ikZvMY e‡jwQj, Ô†n gvi&qvg! Avj−vn †Zvgv‡K
g‡bvbxZ I cweÎ K‡i‡Qb Ges we‡k¦i bvix‡ì g‡a¨ †Zvgv‡K
g‡bvbxZ K‡i‡Qb|Õ
Ô †n gvi&qvg! †Zvgvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki AbyMZ nI I wmR`v Ki Ges
hviv i“Kz K‡i Zv‡ì mv‡_ i“Kz Ki|Õ
ÔGwU A`„k¨ wel‡qi msev` hv †Zvgv‡K Iwn Øviv AewnZ KiwQ|
gviqv‡gi ZË¡veav‡bi `vwqZ¡ †K MÖnY Ki‡e G wb‡q hLb Zviv
Zv‡ì Kjg wb‡¶c KiwQj Zzwg ZLb Zv‡ì wbKU wQ‡j bv Ges
Zviv hLb ev`vbyev` KiwQj ZLbI Zzwg Zv‡ì wbKU wQ‡j bv|
¯§iY Ki, hLb †dikZvMY ejj, †n gvi&qvg! Avj−vn †Zvgv‡K Zuvi
c¶ n‡Z GKwU Kv‡jgvi mymsev` w`‡”Qb, Zvi bvg gmxn, gvi&qvg
cyÎ Cmv| †m Bn‡jvK I ci‡jv‡K m¤§vwbZ n‡e Ges Avj−vni
mvwbœa¨cÖvß‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡e|Õ
Ô†m †`vjbvq _vKv Ae¯’vq I cwiYZ eq‡m gvby‡li mv‡_ K_v ej‡e
Ges †m n‡e cyYëvb‡ì GKRb|Õ
†m ejj, Ô †n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡K †Kvb cyi“l ¯úk© K‡iwb,
Avgvi mš—vb n‡e Kxfv‡e?Õ wZwb ej‡jb, ÔG fv‡eB|Õ Avj−vn hv
B”Qv m„wó K‡ib| wZwb hLb wKQy w¯’i K‡ib ZLb e‡jb, ÔnI!Õ Ges
Zv n‡q hvq| Ges wZwb Zv‡K wk¶v †`‡eb wKZve, wnKgZ,
ZvIivZ I Bbwhj| Ges Zv‡K ebx BmivB‡ji Rb¨ ivm~j Ki‡eb|
†m ej‡e, Avwg †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvj‡Ki c¶ †_‡K †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q
wb`©kb wb‡q G‡mwQ| Avwg †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ Kv`vgvwU w`‡q GKwU
cvwL m`„k AvK…wZ ˆZwi Kie, Zvici Avwg Zv‡Z duz †è Ges
Avj−vni ûKz‡g Zv cvwL n‡q hv‡e| Avwg Rb¥vÜ I Kzô †ivMx‡ì
wbivgq Kie Ges Avj−vni ûKz‡g g„Z‡ì RxweZ Kie| †Zvgiv
†Zvgv‡ì N‡i hv Avnvi Ki I gRy` Ki Zv †Zvgv‡ì e‡j †è|
†Zvgiv hw` wek¦vmx nI, Zvn‡j Gi g‡a¨ †Zvgv‡ì R‡b¨ wb`k©b
Av‡Q|
Avwg G‡mwQ Avgvi m¤§y‡L ZvIiv‡Z hv i‡q‡Q Zvi mg_©Kiƒ‡c Ges
†Zvgv‡ì R‡b¨ hv wbwl× wQj Zvi KZK¸wj‡K êa Ki‡Z| Avwg
†Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvj‡Ki KvQ †_‡K †Zvgv‡ì R‡b¨ wb`k©b wb‡q
G‡mwQ| myZivs Avj−vn‡K fq Ki Avi Avgv‡K AbymiY Ki|
wbðqB Avj−vn Avgvi cÖwZcvjK Ges †Zvgv‡ìI cÖwZcvjK|
myZivs †Zvgiv Zuvi Bev`Z Ki‡e| GUvB mij c_|
hLb Cmv Zv‡ì Awek¦vm Dcjwä Kij ZLb †m ejj, Avj−vni
c‡_ Kviv Avgvi mvnvh¨Kvix? wkl¨MY ejj, Avj−vni c‡_ AvgivB
mvnvh¨Kvix| Avgiv Avj−vn‡Z Cgvb G‡bwQ| Zzwg mv¶x _vK †h
Avgiv AvZ¥mgc©YKvix|
Ô†n Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK! Zzwg hv AeZxY© K‡iQ Zv‡Z Avgiv Cgvb
G‡bwQ Ges Avgiv GB ivm~‡ji AbymiY K‡iwQ| myZivs Avgv‡ì
m‡Zï c‡_ mv¶¨ enbKvix‡ì ZvwjKvfy³ Ki| (3 : 42-53)
m~iv gvi&qv‡gI G NUbv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q :
eY©bv Ki, GB wKZv‡e Dwj−wLZ gvi&qv‡gi K_v, hLb †m Zvi
cwievi eM© †_‡K c„_K n‡q wbf„‡Z c~e©w`‡K GK¯’v‡b AvkÖq wbj,
Zvici Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K †m c`©v Kij| Gici Avwg Zvi Kv‡Q
Avgvi iƒn‡K (wReivBj) cvVvjvg, †m Zvi Kv‡Q c~Y© gvbyl
AvK…wZ‡Z AvZ¥cÖKvk Kij|
gvi&qvg ejj : Zzwg hw` Avj−vn‡K fq Ki Z‡e Avwg †Zvgvi KvQ
†_‡K `qvg‡qi AvkÖq MÖnY KiwQ|
†m ejj, Avwg †Zv †Kej †Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK- †cÖwiZ, Avwg G‡mwQ
†Zvgv‡K GK cweÎ cyÎ `vb Kivi Rb¨| gvi&qvg ejj, Ô†Kgb K‡i
Avgvi cyÎ n‡e hLb Avgv‡K †Kvb cyi“l ¯úk© K‡iwb Ges Avwg
e¨wfPvwiYxI bB|Õ †m ejj, ÔGfv‡eB n‡e|Õ †Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK
e‡j‡Qb, Ô GUv Avgvi Rb¨ mnRmva¨ Ges Avwg Zv‡K G Rb¨ m„wó
Kie †hb †m nq gvby‡li R‡b¨ GK wb`k©b I Avgvi KvQ †_‡K GK
AbyMÖn| G‡Zv GK w¯’ixK…Z e¨vcvi|Õ
Zvici †m Zv‡K M‡f© aij, c‡i Zv‡K M‡f© wb‡q GK `~ieZ©x ¯’v‡b
P‡j †Mj| cÖme †e`bv Zv‡K GK †LRyi Mv‡Qi bx‡P AvkÖq wb‡Z
eva¨ Kij| †m ejj, Ônvq, Gi Av‡M hw` Avwg gviv †hZvg Avi
hw` †jv‡Ki ¯§„wZ †_‡K m¤ú~Y© wejyß n‡q †hZvg!Õ
ZLb Zvi bx‡Pi w`K †_‡K †d‡ikZv Zv‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i ejj, ÔZzwg
`ytL Ki bv, †Zvgvi c`Z‡j †Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK GK bni m„wó
K‡i‡Qb, Zzwg †LRyi Mv‡Qi KvÊ †Zvgvi w`‡K bvov `vI, Gi d‡j
†Zvgvi Dci cvKv †LRyi cwZZ n‡e| myZivs Zzwg LvI, cvb Ki I
P¶z RyovI|
†Zvgvi mv‡_ hw` †Kvb gvby‡li mv¶vr nq, Zv‡K ej †h Avwg
`qvg‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ †gŠbZv Aej¤^‡bi gvbZ K‡iwQ| myZivs AvR
Avwg wKQy‡ZB †Kvb gvby‡li mv‡_ K_v- evZ©v eje bv|
Zvici †m Zvi cyÎ‡K wb‡q Zvi m¤úÖ`v‡qi Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z nj|
Zviv ejj, Ô †n gvi&qvg! Zzwg †Zv GK A™¢yZ KvÊ K‡iQ! †n
nvi“‡Yi †evb, †Zvgvi wcZv Amr †jvK wQj bv Ges †Zvgvi gvI
wQj bv e¨wfPvwiYx| Zvici gvi&qvg Zvi mš—v‡bi w`‡K Bw½Z Kij|
Zviv ejj, Ô†h †Kv‡ji wkï Zvi mv‡_ Avgiv †Kgb K‡i K_v
eje?Õ
†m ejj, ÔAvwg †Zv Avj−vni ev›`v| wZwb Avgv‡K wKZve w`‡q‡Qb,
Avgv‡K bex K‡i‡Qb,
†hLv‡bB Avwg _vwK bv †Kb wZwb Avgv‡K eiKZgq K‡i‡Qb, wZwb
Avgv‡K wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb hZw`b RxweZ _vwK ZZw`b mvjvZ I
hvKvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z|
Avi Avgv‡K Avgvi gv‡qi cÖwZ AbyMZ K‡i‡Qb Ges wZwb Avgv‡K
D×Z I nZfvM¨ K‡ibwb|
Avgvi cÖwZ kvwš— †hw`b Avwg Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ, †hw`b Avgvi g„Zz¨
n‡e Ges †hw`b Avwg RxweZ Ae¯’vq cybi“wÌZ ne|Õ
GB-B wQj gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv| Avwg ejjvg mZ¨ K_v, †h wel‡q
Zviv weZK© K‡i|
mš—vb MÖnY Kiv Avj−vni KvR bq, wZwb cweÎ gwngvgq| wZwb hLb
wKQy w¯’i K‡ib ZLb e‡jb, ÔnIÕ Ges Zv n‡q hvq|
Avj−vnB Avgvi cÖwZcvjK I †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK| myZivs †Zvgiv
Zvi Bev`Z Ki; GUvB mij c_| (19 : 16-36)
Cmv Av. †h ¯’v‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib, KziAv‡bi GKwU Avqv‡Z Zvi
D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q :
Ges Avwg gvi&qvg cyÎ I Zvi Rbbx‡K K‡iwQjvg GK
wb`k©b, Zv‡ì AvkÖq w`‡qwQjvg GK wbivc` I cÖmªeY wewkó DuPz
f~wg‡Z| (23 : 50)
Cmvi Av. ˆkke I ˆK‡kvi m¤ú‡K© KziAv‡b wKQy D‡j−L Kiv
nqwb| Z‡e hviv Zuvi wkl¨ n‡qwQ‡jb Zviv Zvi AvnŸv‡b Kxfv‡e
mvov w`‡qwQ‡jb, †m wel‡q D‡jL i‡q‡Q :
†n gywgbMY! Avj−vni `x‡bi mvnvh¨Kvix nI| †hgb gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv
e‡jwQj Zvi wkl¨MY‡KÑ ÔAvj−vni c‡_ †K Avgvi mvnvh¨Kvix
n‡e?Õ wkl¨MY e‡jwQj, ÔAvgivB †Zv Avj−vni c‡_ mvnvh¨Kvix|Õ
Gici ebx BmivBj‡ì GK`j Cgvb Avbj Ges GK`j Kzdwi
Kij| (61 : 14)
cybivq Av‡iv wek` fv‡e D‡jL i‡q‡Q :
AviI ¯§iY Ki Avwg hLb ÔnvIqvixÕw`M‡K GB Av‡`k w`‡qwQjvg
†h †Zvgiv Avgvi cÖwZ I Avgvi ivm~‡ji cÖwZ Cgvb Avb, Zviv
e‡jwQj, Avgiv Cgvb Avbjvg Ges Zzwg mv¶x _vK †h Avgiv †Zv
gymwjg (AvZ¥mgc©YKvix)|
¯§iY Ki, nvIqvixMY e‡jwQj, †n gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv! †Zvgvi
cÖwZcvjK wK Avgv‡ì Rb¨ Avmgvb †_‡K Lv`¨ cwic~Y© LvÂv †cÖiY
†cÖiY Ki‡Z m¶g| †m e‡jwQj, ÔAvj−vn‡K fq Ki, hw` †Zvgiv
†gvwgb nI|Õ
Zviv e‡jwQj, Avgiv PvB †h Zv †_‡K Avnvi Kwi Ges G‡Z
Avgv‡ì gb mš‘ó n‡e| Avi Avgiv Rvb‡Z PvB †h Zzwg Avgv‡ì
Kv‡Q mZ¨ e‡jQ Ges Avgiv Zvi mv¶x _vK‡Z PvB|Õ
gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv ejj, Ô†n Avj−vn, Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡ì
R‡b¨ Avmgvb †_‡K Lv`¨c~Y© LvÂv †cÖiY Ki, Zv n‡e Avgv‡ì I
Avgv‡ì c~e©eZ©x I cieZ©x mK‡ji R‡b¨ Avb‡›`vrme ¯îƒc I
†Zvgvi wbKU †_‡K wb`k©b| Avgv‡ì RxweKv `vb Ki, Avi ZzwgB
†Zv †kÖô RxweKv`vZv| Avj−vn ej‡jb, Avwg †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q Zv
†cÖiY Kie, wKš‘ Zvici †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ †KD Kzdwi Ki‡j Zv‡K
Ggb kvw¯— cÖ`vb Kie †h kvw¯— wek¦- RM‡Zi Ab¨ †Kvb m„wó‡K
Avwg †è bv| (5 : 111-115)
Cmv Av. Gi wk¶v hLb Qwo‡q co‡Z ïi“ Kij, ZLb wKQy †jvK
Zv MÖnY Kij, wKQy †jvK Kij bv :
hLb gvi&qvg cy‡Îi `„óvš— Dcw¯’Z Kiv nq ZLb †Zvgvi m¤úÖ`vq
Zv‡Z †kvi‡Mvj ïi“ K‡i †`q Ges e‡j, ÔAvgv‡ì Dcvm¨¸‡jv †kÖô
bv Cmv? Zviv †Kej evK- weZÊvi D‡Ï‡k¨B Avgv‡K GK_v e‡j|
e¯‘Z Zviv †Zv GK weZÊvKvix m¤úÖ`vq| †m †Zv wQj AvgviB GK
ev›`v hv‡K Avwg AbyMÖn K‡iwQjvg Ges K‡iwQjvg ebx BmivB‡ji
R‡b¨ `„óvš—| (43 : 57-59)
..... Avwg Zv‡ì cðv‡Z AbyMvgx K‡iwQjvg Avgvi ivm~jMY‡K
Ges AbyMvgx K‡iwQjvg gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv‡K, Avi Zv‡K w`‡qwQjvg
Bbwhj Ges Zvi Abymvix‡ì Aš—‡i w`‡qwQjvg Ki“Yv I `qv; Avi
mbœ¨vmev`Ñ †m‡Zv Avj−vni mš‘wó weav‡bi Rb¨B Zviv Gi cÖeZ©b
K‡iwQj, Avwg G weavb Zv‡ì †`Bwb, A_P ZvI Zviv h_vh_fv‡e
cvjb K‡iwb| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Cgvb G‡bwQj Zv‡ì Avwg
w`‡qwQjvg cyi¯‹vi, wKš‘ Zv‡ì AwaKvskB mZ¨ Z¨vMx| (57t27)
wZwb †h evYx enb K‡iwQ‡jb Zv wQj mnR I mij :
Cmv hLb ¯úó wb`k©bmn Gj, †m e‡jwQj, ÔAvwg †Zv †Zvgv‡ì
wbKU G‡mwQ cÖÁvmn Ges †Zvgiv †h wel‡q gZ‡f` KiQ, Zv ¯úó
K‡i †`qvi R‡b¨| myZivs †Zvgiv Avj−vn‡K fq Ki Ges Avgvi
AbymiY Ki| Avj−vnB †Zv Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK Ges †Zvgv‡ìI
cÖwZcvjK, AZGe Zvi Bev`Z Ki, GUvB mij c_| (43 : 63-
64)
Zuvi A‡jŠwKK Kg©Kv‡Êi K_v Avevi D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q:
¯§iY Ki, Avj−vn ej‡jb, Ô†n gwiqvg cyÎ Cmv, †Zvgvi cÖwZ I
†Zvgvi Rbbxi cÖwZ Avgvi AbyMÖn ¯§iY Ki : cweÎ AvZ¥v Øviv
Avwg †Zvgv‡K kw³kvjx K‡iwQjvg Ges Zzwg †`vjbvq _vKv
Ae¯’vI cwiYZ eq‡m gvby‡li mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z; †Zvgv‡K wKZve,
wnKgZ, ZvIivZ I BbwRj wk¶v w`‡qwQjvg, Zzwg Kv`vgvwU w`‡q
Avgvi AbygwZµ‡g cvwL m`„k AvK…wZ MVb I Zv‡Z duz w`‡Z, d‡j
Avgvi AbygwZµ‡g wbivgq I Avgvi AbygwZµ‡g g„Z‡K RxweZ
Ki‡Z; Avwg †Zvgvi ¶wZ Kiv †_‡K ebx BmjvBj‡K wbe„Ë
†i‡LwQjvg; Zzwg hLb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ ¯úó wb`k©b G‡bwQ‡j ZLb
Zv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Kzdwi K‡iwQj, Zviv e‡jwQjÑ G‡Zv ¯úó hv`y| (
5 : 110)
Cmv Av. Gi Rb¥MÖnYKvjxb cwiw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y GKwU åvš—
aviYvi m„wó nq †h wZwb ÔAvj−vni cyÎ|Õ KziAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q :
Zviv e‡j, ÔAvj−vn mš—vb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|Õ wZwb gnvb cweÎ| wZwb
Afvegy³| AvKvkgÊjx I c„w_ex‡Z hv wKQy Av‡Q, Zv ZuviB| G
wel‡q †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q †Kvb mb` †bB| †Zvgiv wK Avj−vn m¤ú‡K©
Ggb wKQy ejQ †h wel‡q †Zvgv‡ì †Kvb Ávb †bB? (10 t8)
.... ¯§iY Ki, hLb Avj−vn ej‡jb : Ô†n Cmv! Avwg †Zvgvi Kvj
c~Y© KiwQ Ges Avgvi Kv‡Q †Zvgv‡K Zz‡j wbw”Q Ges hviv mZ¨
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K †Zvgv‡K cweÎ (gy³) KiwQ|
Avi †Zvgvi Abymvix‡ì wKqvgZ ch©š— Kv‡di‡ì Dci cÖvavb¨ `vb
KiwQ, Gici Avgvi Kv‡Q †Zvgv‡ì cÖZ¨veZ©b|Õ Zvici †h wel‡q
†Zvgv‡ì gZvš—i NU‡Q Zv Avwg gxgvsmv K‡i †è|
hviv mZ¨ cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q Avwg Zv‡ì‡K `ywbqvq I AvLiv‡Z
K‡Vvi kvw¯— cÖ`vb Kie Ges Zv‡ì †Kvb mvnvh¨Kvix †bB|
Avi hviv Cgvb G‡b‡Q I mrKvh© K‡i‡Q wZwb Zv‡ì cÖwZdj
cy‡ivcywi cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| Avj−vn Rvwjg‡ì cQ›` K‡ib bv|
hv Avwg †Zvgvi wbKU wZjvIqvZ KiwQ Zv wb`k©b I mviMf© evYx
†_‡K|
Avj−vni Kv‡Q Cmvi `„óvš— Av`‡gi `„óvš— m`„k| Zv‡K gvwU †_‡K
m„wó K‡iwQ‡jb, Zvici Zv‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔnIÕ, d‡j †m n‡q †Mj|
(3 : 55-59)
Ges Zviv e‡j, ÔAvj−vn mš—vb MÖnY K‡i‡QbÕ wZwb AwZ cweÎ| eis
AvKvkgÛjx I c„w_ex‡Z hv wKQy Av‡Q me Avj−vniB| mewKQy ZuviB
GKvš— AbyMZ|
Avj−vn AvKvkgÊjx I c„w_exi mªóv Ges hLb wZwb wKQy Ki‡Z B”Qv
K‡ib ZLb ïay e‡jb, ÔnIÕ. Avi Zv n‡q hvq| (2 : 116-17)
Zviv e‡j, Ô`qvgq Avj−vn mš—vb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|Õ wZwb cweÎ, gnvb|
Zviv †Zv Zvi m¤§vwbZ ev›`v|
Zviv AvM evwo‡q K_v e‡j bv, Zviv †Zv Zvi Av‡`k Abymv‡iB KvR
K‡i _v‡K|
Zv‡ì mvg‡b I cðv‡Z hv wKQy Av‡Q Zv wZwb AeMZ| Zviv
mycvwik K‡i ïay Zv‡ì R‡b¨ hv‡ì cÖwZ wZwb mš‘ó Ges hviv Zuvi
f‡q fxZ mš¿¯—|
Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †h ej‡e, ÔAvwg Bjvn&, wZwb e¨ZxZÕ, Zv‡K Avwg
cÖwZdj †è Rvnvbœvg; Gfv‡eB Avwg Rvwjg‡ì kvw¯— w`‡q _vwK|
(21 : 26-29)
Zviv e‡j, `qvgq mš—vb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| †Zvgiv †Zv GK exfrm
K_vi AeZviYv K‡iQ|
G‡Z †hb AvKvkgÊjx we`xY© n‡q hv‡e, c„w_ex LÊ- weLÊ n‡q hv‡e
I ce©Zgvjv P~Y© weP~Y© n‡q AvcwZZ n‡e,
†h‡nZz Zviv `qvg‡qi cÖwZ mš—vb Av‡ivc K‡i|
A_P mš—vb MÖnY Kiv `qvg‡qi R‡b¨ †kvfb bq|
AvKvkgÊjx I c„w_ex‡Z Ggb †KD †bB †m `qvg‡qi wbKU
ev›`viƒ‡c Dcw¯’Z n‡e bv| (19t 88-93)
KziAvb Cmv Av. Gi Ck¦iZ¡ A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q :
hviv e‡j, Ôgvi&qvg cyÎ gmxnB Avj−vnÕ Zviv †Zv Kzdwi K‡i‡Q| ej,
Avj−vn gvi&qvg cyÎ gmxn, Zvi gvZv Ges `ywbqvi mKj‡K hw` aŸsm
Kivi B”Qv K‡ib Zvn‡j Zuv‡K evav †`qvi kw³ Kvi Av‡Q? Avmgvb
I Rwg‡bi Ges Gi g‡a¨ hv wKQy Av‡Q Zvi mve©‡fŠgZ¡ Avj−vniB|
wZwb hv B”Qv m„wó K‡ib Ges Avj−vn me© wel‡q me©kw³gvb| (5 :
17)
Avj−vn hLb ej‡eb, Ô †n gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv! Zzwg wK †jvK‡ì
ejwQ‡j †h †Zvgiv Avj−vn e¨ZxZ Avgv‡K I Avgvi Rbbx‡K
Bjvniƒ‡c MÖnY Ki?Õ †m ej‡e, ÔZzwgB gwngvwš^Z! hv ejvi AwaKvi
Avgvi †bB Zv ejv Avgvi c‡¶ †kvfb bq| hw` Avwg Zv ejZvg
Z‡e Zzwg †Zv Zv Rvb‡Z| Avgvi Aš—‡ii K_v †Zv Zzwg AeMZ AvQ,
wKš‘ †Zvgvi Aš—‡ii K_v Avwg AeMZ bB, Zzwg †Zv A`„k¨ m¤^‡Ü
mg¨K cwiÁvZ|
Zzwg Avgv‡K †h Av‡`k K‡iQ Zv e¨ZxZ Avwg wKQyB ewjwb| Avwg
Zv‡ì e‡jwQ : Ô †Zvgiv Avgvi I †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK Avj−vni
Bev`Z KiÕ; Ges hZw`b Avwg Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wQjvg ZZw`b Avwg
wQjvg Zv‡ì Kvh©Kjv‡ci mv¶x; wKš‘ hLb Zzwg Avgv‡K Zz‡j wb‡j
ZLb ZzwgB †Zv wQ‡j Zv‡ì Kvh©Kjv‡ci ZË¡veavqK Ges Zzwg me©
wel‡q mv¶x|
Zzwg hw` Zv‡ì kvw¯— `vI Z‡e Zviv †Zv †ZvgviB ev›`v, Avi hw`
Zv‡ì ¶gv Ki Z‡e Zzwg civµgkvjx, cÖÁvgq| (5 : 116-118)
Bqvû`xiv e‡j, ÔDhvBi (Ezra) Avj−vni cyÎÕ Ges L„óvbiv e‡j,
Ôgmxn Avj−vni cyÎ|Õ G¸‡jv Zv‡ì gy‡Li K_v| Av‡M hviv Kzdwi
K‡iwQj Zviv Zv‡ì gZ K_v e‡j| Avj−vn Zv‡ì aŸsm Ki“b|
Zviv †Kgb K‡i mZ¨ wegyL nq!
Zviv Avj−vn e¨ZxZ Zv‡ì cwÊZMY‡K I msmvi weivMxMY‡K Zv‡ì
cÖfy (ûKz‡gi gvwjK) iƒ‡c MÖnY K‡i‡Q Ges gvi&qvg cyÎ gmx‡nKI|
wKš‘ Zviv GK Bjv‡ni Bev`Z Kivi Rb¨B Avw`ó n‡qwQj| wZwb
e¨ZxZ †Kvb Dcvm¨ †bB| Zviv hv‡K Zuvi kwiK K‡i Zv n‡Z wZwb
KZ cweÎ!
Zviv Zv‡ì gy‡Li dzrKv‡i Avj−vni †R¨vwZ wbe©vwcZ Ki‡Z Pvq|
KvwdiMY AcÖxwZKiY g‡b Ki‡jI Avj−vn Zuvi †R¨vwZi c~Y© D™¢vmb
Qvov Ab¨ wKQy Pvb bv| (9t 30-32)
KziAvb wÎZ¡ev`‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q :
†n wKZvweMY! `x‡bi e¨vcv‡i evoevwo Ki bv I Avj−vni m¤^‡Ü
mZ¨ e¨ZxZ ej bv| gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv gmxn Avj−vni ivm~j Ges Zuvi
evYx hv wZwb gvi&qv‡gi Kv‡Q †cÖiY K‡iwQ‡jb I Zvi Av‡`k|
myZivs †Zvgiv Avj−vn I Zvi ivm~‡ji cÖwZ Cgvb Avb Ges ÔwZbÕ
e‡jv bvÑ wbe„Ë nI, GUv †Zvgv‡ì R‡b¨ Kj¨vYKi n‡e| Avj−vn
†Zv GKgvÎ Bjvn| Zuvi mš—vb n‡eÑ wZwb G †_‡K cweÎ| Avmgv‡b
hv wKQy Av‡Q I Rwg‡b hv wKQy Av‡Q me Avj−vniB| Kg©- weav‡b
Avj−vnB h‡_ó|
gmxn Avj−vni ev›`v nIqv‡K †nq Ávb K‡i bv Ges Nwbô
†d‡ikZvMYI bq; †KD Avj−vni ev›`v nIqv‡K †nq Ávb Ki‡j
Ges AnsKvi Ki‡j wZwb Zv‡ì mKj‡K Zuvi Kv‡Q GKÎ Ki‡eb|
hviv Cgvb Av‡b I mrKvR K‡i wZwb Zv‡ì‡K c~Y© cyi¯‹vi `vb
Ki‡eb Ges wbR AbyMÖ‡n Av‡iv †ewk †`‡eb; wKš‘ hviv †nq Ávb
K‡i I AnsKvi K‡i Zv‡ì wZwb gg©š‘` kvw¯—`vb Ki‡eb Ges
Avj−vn e¨ZxZ Zv‡ì Rb¨ Zviv †Kvb AwffveK I mnvq cv‡e bv|
(4 : 171-173)
KziAvb Cmv Av.Ñ Gi µzkwe× K‡i nZ¨vi `vwe cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i,
c¶vš—‡i mg_©b K‡i Zuvi EaŸ©v‡ivnY‡K :
Avi ÔAvgiv Avj−vni ivm~j gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv gmxn‡K nZ¨v K‡iwQÕ
Zv‡ì G Dw³i Rb¨ Zviv jvbZMÖ¯—| A_P Zviv Zv‡K nZ¨vI
K‡iwb, µzkwe×I K‡iwb, wKš‘ Zv‡ì G iKg weåg n‡qwQj| hviv
Zvi m¤^‡Ü gZ‡f` K‡iwQj Zviv wbðqB G m¤^‡Ü mskqhy³ wQj;
G m¤ú‡K© Abygvb Kiv Qvov Zv‡ì †Kvb ÁvbB wQj bv| GUv
wbwðZ †h Zviv Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡iwb|
eis Avj−vn Zv‡K Zuvi wbKU Zz‡j wb‡q‡Qb Ges Avj−vn
civµgkvjx; cÖÁvgq| (4 : 157-158)
P~ovš—fv‡e :
hviv e‡j, ÔAvj−vnB gvi&qvg cyÎ gmxnÕ, Zviv †Zv Kzdwi K‡i‡QB;
A_P gmxn e‡jwQj, Ô†n ebx BmivBj! †Zvgiv Avgvi cÖwZcvjK I
†Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK Avj−vni Bev`Z Ki|Õ †KD Avj−vni kwiK
Ki‡j Avj−vn Zvi R‡b¨ RvbœvZ Aek¨B wbwl× Ki‡eb I Zvi Avevm
Rvnvbœvg| Rvwjg‡ì †Kvb mvnvh¨Kvix †bB|
hviv e‡j, Ô Avj−vn †Zv wZ‡bi g‡a¨ GKRb; Zviv †Zv Kzdwi
K‡i‡QB; hwÌ GK Bjvn e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb Bjvn †bB| Zviv hv
e‡j Zv †_‡K wbe„Ë bv n‡j Zv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Kzdwi K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì
Dci gg©š‘` kvw¯— AvcwZZ n‡eB| Z‡e wK Zviv Avj−vni w`‡K
cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡e bv I Zuvi Kv‡Q ¶gv cÖv_©bv Ki‡e bv? Avj−vn †Zv
¶gvkxj, cig `qvjy|
gvi&qvg cyÎ gmxn †Zv †Kej GKRb ivm~j; Zvi c~‡e© eû ivm~j MZ
n‡q‡Q Ges Zvi gvZv mZ¨wbô wQj| Zviv Df‡qB Lv`¨ Avnvi
KiZ| †`L Zv‡ì R‡b¨ AvqvZ KZ wek`fv‡e eY©bv Kwi; AviI
†`L, Zviv wK fv‡e mZ¨ wegyL nq| (5 : 72-75)
GB ivm~jMY, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ KvD‡K Kv‡iv Dci †kÖôZ¡ `vb K‡iwQ|
Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Ggb †KD i‡q‡Q hvi mv‡_ Avj−vn K_v e‡j‡Qb,
Avevi KvD‡K D”P gh©v`vI DbœxZ K‡i‡Qb| gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv‡K
¯úó cÖgvY cÖ`vb K‡iwQ I cweÎ AvZ¥v Øviv Zv‡K kw³kvjx
K‡iwQ| Avj−vn B”Qv Ki‡j Zv‡ì cieZ©xiv Zv‡ì Kv‡Q ¯úó
cÖgvY mgvMZ nIqvi ci cvi¯úwiK hy×- weMÖ‡n wjß nZ bv; wKš‘
Zv‡ì g‡a¨ gZ‡f` m„wó nj| d‡j Zv‡ì wKQy wKQy Cgvb Avbj
Ges wKQy wKQy Kzdwi Kij| Avj−vn B”Qv Ki‡j Zviv cvi¯úwiK hy×
weMÖ‡n wjß nZ bv, wKš‘ Avj−vn hv B”Qv Zv K‡ib| (2 : 253)
wKš‘Ñ
Aek¨ †gvwgb‡ì cÖwZ kÎ“Zvq gvby‡li g‡a¨ Bqvû`x I
gykwiK‡ìB Zzwg me©vwaK DMÖ †`L‡e Ges hviv e‡j ÔAvgiv L„óvbÕ,
gvby‡li g‡a¨ Zv‡ìB Zzwg †gvwgb‡ì wbKUZi eÜzi“‡c †`L‡e,
KviY Zv‡ì g‡a¨ A‡bK cwÊZ I msmvi weivMx Av‡Q, Avi Zviv
AnsKvi K‡i bv| (5 : 82)
`kg Aa¨vq
nvw`m I gymwjg BwZnvm MÖ‡š’ Cmv Av.
Áv‡bi Av‡iKwU Drm nj nvw`m, Avi G nvw`m m¤ú‡K© L„óvb
ag©vej¤^x‡ì AÜKv‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q| gynv¤§` mvjjû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj†gi gy‡Li evYx I Zvi Kg©Kv‡Êi cÖZ¨¶`k©xi weeiY m¤^wjZ
wjwLZ iƒcB nj nvw`m| mZK© cix¶v I hvPvB- evQvB Gi
cwiYwZ‡Z cÖvgvY¨ nvw`m MÖš’mg~‡ni Dci wfwË K‡i †h nvw`m
mvwnZ¨ M‡o D‡V‡Q Zv‡K †nq cÖwZcbœ Kivi Rb¨ weMZ kZ‡K
†ivgvb PvP© I L„óvb wgkbvwiMY GKwU AZ¨vaywbK KcU e„wË
(Pseudo_Scholarship) cÖwZôv K‡i| wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U †h me
Mm‡cj Aš—f©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv †gv‡UB †Kvb hvPvB- evQvB
Kiv nqwb| wKš‘ nvw`‡mi †¶‡Î †ZgbwU N‡Uwb| cÖwZwU nvw`mB
wbf©i‡hvM¨ m~Î †_‡K M„nxZ, cÖ‡qvR‡b Zvi Drm mÜv‡b †cuŠ‡Q
hvIqv n‡q‡Q gnvbex mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg Gi †mB mvnvwei
Kv‡Q whwb cÖK…ZB Zvi gy‡Li K_v kÖeY K‡i‡Qb I wewfbœ NUbv
cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Qb| nvw`m mg~‡ni me©v‡c¶v wbf©i‡hvM¨ m~Î n‡jb †m
me e¨w³ hviv Avj−vn‡K fq Ki‡Zb I fv‡jvevm‡Zb| nvw`m
MÖš¸’ ‡jvi g‡a¨ me©vwaK ¸i“Z¡cY~ © MÖš’ `ywU Bgvg Avj eyLvwi I Bgvg
gymwjg KZ©…K msKwjZ| gnvbex gynv¤§` mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn
Iqvmvj−vg Gi Idv‡Zi cÖvq GK‡kv wek eQi ci Zv msKwjZ Kiv
nq| Gme nvw`‡m gnvbex mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg Gi Rxeb I
Áv‡bi cÖwZwU w`KB Dcw¯’Z| nvw`m nj gynv¤§` mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn
Iqvmvj−vg Gi wk¶vi Acwinvh© Ask| Bgvg eyLvix (i.) I Bgvg
gymwjg (i.) †m me nvw`m msMÖn K‡iwQ‡jb ivm~j mvj−vj−vû
AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg Gi mgKvjxb cÖZ¨¶`k©x‡ì weeiY †_‡K|
nvw`‡m †hgb Cmv Av. Gi cÖm½ i‡q‡Q, †Zgwb eû gymwjg
cwÊZI Zvi evYx I K‡g©i weeiY cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| G¸‡jv g~jZ:
Cmv Av. Gi cÖ_g w`‡Ki AbymvixMY KZ©…K msM„nxZ n‡qwQj| hviv
Avie I DËi Avwd«Kvq Qwo‡q c‡owQ‡jb| hLb gynv¤§` mvj−vj−vû
AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg Gi AvMgb NUj, ZLb Cmv Av. Gi Gme
wk‡lï eû AbymvixB Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib| Cmv Av. m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì
Kv‡Q †h me weeiY wQj Zv Zviv i¶v K‡iwQ‡jb| Cmv Av. †kl
bex gynv¤§` mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg Gi AvMg‡bi e¨vcv‡i
fwel¨ØvYx K‡iwQ‡jb| hv‡nvK, gymjgvbiv cÖR‡b¥i ci cÖRb¥
nvw`mg~n jvjb I PP©v K‡ib| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ eû nvw`m P~ovš—fv‡e
mvÕjvexiÕi ÔKvmvmyj Avw¤^qvÕ (Stories of the Prophets) Ges
Avj- Mvhvjxi ÔBnqvD DjywgÏxbÕ (Revival of the life
Transaction Sciences) MÖ‡š’ Aš—f©y³ nq| GUv Zvrch©cY~ ©fv‡e
j¶Yxq †h Gme nvw`‡m wK ¯úófv‡e †mB gnvb bexi Rxeb I
K‡g©i GK my¯úó I c~Y©v½ wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q whwb myMg K‡iwQ‡jb
†kl bexi c„w_ex‡Z AvMg‡bi c_|
KvÔe Avj Avnevi e‡jbt gvi&qv‡gi cyÎ Cmv Av. wQ‡jb jvj
i‡Oi, mv`v †Nulv, Zvi Pzj `xN© wQj bv, wZwb KL‡bvB gv_vq †Zj
eënvi Ki‡Zb bv| wZwb Lvwj cv‡q nuvU‡Zb, †Kvb evwo Ni,
AvmevecÎ, †Kvb mvgMÖx, †cvkvK A_ev Ab¨ wKQyB Zvi wQj bv
ïaygvÎ w`‡bi Lvevi Qvov| †hLv‡bB m~h©v¯— nZ †mLv‡bB wZwb †_‡g
co‡Zb Ges ciw`b †fvi bv nIqv ch©š— Dcvmbvq iZ _vK‡Zb|
wZwb Rb¥v‡Üi `„wó wdwi‡q w`‡Zb| Kzô‡ì †ivM wbivgq Ki‡Zb
Ges Avj−vni ûKz‡g g„Z‡ì cybR©xeb `vb Ki‡Zb| wZwb Zvi
†jvK‡ì ej‡Zb Zviv evwo‡Z Kx Lv‡”Q Ges AvMvgxKv‡ji R‡b¨
Kx gRyZ K‡i †i‡L‡Q| wZwb mgy‡`ªi cvwbi Dci w`‡q †nu‡U
†h‡Zb| Zvi gv_v Aweb¨¯— _vKZ, Zvi gyLgÊj wQj †QvU| wZwb
wQ‡jb c„w_ex‡Z GK K‡Vvi Zc¯^x, huvi j¶¨ wQj ciKvj Ges wZwb
wQ‡jb Avj−vni Bev`‡Z gk¸j| Bqvû`xiv hZw`b bv Zv‡K Luy‡R
Ges Zuv‡K nZ¨v Kivi Pµvš— K‡iwQj ZZw`b wZwb wQ‡jb c„w_ex‡Z
GK gymvwdi| Gici Avj−vn Zuv‡K Avmgv‡b Zz‡j †bb; Avj−vnB
mg¨K AeMZ|
Cmv Av. e‡j‡Qb, hviv Bn‡jv‡Ki AvKv•¶v K‡i Zviv nj †mB
e¨w³i b¨vq †h mgy‡`ªi cvwb cvb K‡i; hZ †ewk †m cvb Ki‡e Zvi
Z…òv ZZ e„w× cv‡e, hZ¶Y bv Zvi g„Zz¨ nq|Ó
Cmv Av. GKw`b wZb e¨w³‡K †`L‡Z †c‡jb| Zv‡ì kixi
wQj K…kKvq I d¨vKv‡k| wZwb Zv‡ì wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, Ò†Zvgv‡ì
GB Ae¯’vi KviY wK?Ó Zviv Reve w`j, Av¸‡bi f‡q| wZwb
ej‡jb, Òhviv fxZ Zv‡ì wbivcËv `vb Avj−vni `vwqZ¡|Ó wZwb
Zv‡ì †Q‡o GwM‡q wM‡q Av‡iv wZb e¨w³‡K †`L‡Z †c‡jb| Zviv
Av‡iv †ewk ¶xYKvq I d¨vKv‡k| wZwb Zv‡ì wRÁvmv Ki‡jb,
Ò†Zvgv‡ì GB Ae¯’v n‡q‡Q †Kb? Zviv Reve w`j, ÒAvgiv
†e‡nk&‡Zi evMvb PvB|Ó wZwb ej‡jb, Ò†Zvgv‡ì Avkv c~iY Kiv
Avj−vni `vwqZ¡|Ó Zv‡ì AwZµg K‡i Av‡iv wKQy `~i AMÖmi
nIqvi ci wZwb Av‡iv wZb e¨w³‡K †`L‡Z †c‡jb| Zviv wQj
Av‡Mi †jvK¸‡jvi †P‡qI ¶xYKvq Ges Zv‡ì †Pnviv Av‡iv †ewk
d¨vKv‡k wQj| wZwb Zv‡ì wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, Ò†Zvgv‡ì GB Ae¯’vi
KviY wK?Ó Zviv Reve w`j, Avgiv Avj−vn‡K fv‡jvevwm| wZwb †kÖô
I gnxqvb|Ó wZwb ej‡jb, †Zvgiv Zviv hviv Avj−vni wbKUZg,
†Zvgiv Zviv hviv Avj−vni wbKUZg, †Zvgiv Zviv hviv Avj−vni
wbKUZg|Ó
Avãyj−vn web Dgi (iv.) eY©bv K‡ib †h wZwb ivm~jyj−vn mvj−vj−vû
AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg †K ej‡Z ï‡b‡Qb: ÒMZiv‡Z ¯^‡cœ Avwg
wb‡R‡K KvÔev N‡i †`L‡Z †cjvg| Avwg jvjvf †Pnvivi GK
e¨w³‡K †`L‡Z †cjvg| G ai‡bi †jvK †hgb AZ¨š— my`k©b nq,
wZwbI †miKgB wQ‡jb †hgbwU †Zvgiv AZ¨š— my›ì †Kk¸”Q m¤úbœ
†jvK‡K †`L‡Z cvI| Zuvi Pzj¸‡jv AvuPov‡bv wQj Ges †m¸‡jv
cvwb‡Z wm³ wQj| wZwb `yÕe¨w³i Kuv‡a fi w`‡q KvÔev M„n ZIqvd
Ki‡Z _vK‡jb| Avwg hLb wRÁvmv Kijvg ZLb Avgv‡K ejv nj,
Cmv gmxn Ñ gvi&qv‡gi cyÎ..... : (eyLvwi I gymwjg)
Ave~ ûivBiv (iv.) †_‡K ewY©Z †h Avj−vni bex mvj−vj−vû
AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg e‡j‡Qb, Òhvi nv‡Z Avgvi cÖvY Zuvi Kmg,
gvi&qv‡gi cyÎ wkMwMiB †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ Avm‡eb GKRb b¨vq
wePviK wn‡m‡e| wZwb µzk †f‡O †dj‡eb, AZ¨vPvix, Agvbyl‡ì
nZ¨v Ki‡eb Ges wRwRqv Ki wejyß Ki‡eb| ZLb GZ †ewk
m¤ú` n‡e †h `vb MÖnY Kivi gZ KvD‡K cvIqv hv‡e bv Ges
GKwU wmR`v n‡e c„w_ex I Zvi m¤ú‡ì †P‡q A‡bK †ewk DËg|Ó
Ave~ ûivqiv Av‡iv e‡jb, gb PvB‡j D”PviY Ki, wKZv‡ei Abymvix
cÖwZwU e¨w³B g„Zzï c~e© ch©š— Zuv‡K wek¦vm Ki‡eB (Avj KziAvb 4
: 159) eyLvwi I gymwjg|
Ave~ ûivqiv KZ©…K ewY©Z Av‡Q, Avj−vni ivm~j mvj−vj−vû
AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg e‡j‡Qb †h, Òc„w_ex‡Z Ges AvwLiv‡Z Avwg
gvi&qv‡gi cyÎ Cmvi wbKUZg| bweMY êgv‡Îq fvB fvB, Zv‡ì
gvZv wfbœ wfbœ, wKš‘ ag© GK| Avgv‡ì `yÕR‡bi g‡a¨ †Kvb bex
†bBÓ (eyLvwi I gymwjg)
ivm~jyj−v mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vgg Zvi GB weL¨vZ fvl‡Y
G e¨vcv‡i hv e‡j‡Qb Zvi mvi K_v nj : bexMY fvB fvB, Zviv
mK‡jB GK, Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB| Zuviv GK wcZvi cyÎ :
Zuviv GKB gZev` †NvlYv K‡i‡QbÑ jv Bjvnv Bj−vj−vn- Avj−vn Qvov
Avi †Kvb cÖfy †bB| Zuvi GKK mËvq Zuvi mv‡_ Avi wKQy hy³ n‡Z
cv‡i bv|
Zv‡ì gvZvMY c„_K : cÖ‡Z¨K bex‡KB GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q
GKwU wbw`©ó Rb‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q †cÖiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨K bex jvf
K‡i‡Qb mybœvn ev Rxeb- KvVv‡gv, ixwZ- bxwZ, GKwU mvgvwRK
c×wZ hvi AbymiY Øviv Zvi m¤úÖ`vq Rxeb- hvcb Ki‡e| hLbB
GKRb bZzb bex G‡m‡Qb wZwb bZzb mg‡qi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©
mybœvni bZzb iƒc wb‡q G‡m‡Qb| GUvB nj kvwiqv ev bexM‡Yi c_|
Gfv‡e †kl bex gynv¤§` mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg Gi AvMg‡bi
g‡a¨ w`‡q Avmgvwb w`K wb‡`©kbvi mgvwß N‡U‡Q| me©‡kl
bvwRjK…Z MÖš’ gwngvwš^Z KziAv‡bi ga¨ w`‡q beyIqv‡Zi Aemvb
m~wPZ n‡q‡Q| gynv¤§` mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg Gi kwiqv I
mybœvni mv‡_ beyIqvZ mxj‡gvniK…Z I mgvß n‡q‡Q|
a‡g©vcmbvi weÁvb nj Avj−vn‡K cvIqvi cš’v| Av`g Av. Gi
mš—vb‡ì Kv‡Q bvwhjK…Z wKZve I mybœvn‡Z Avj−vni wb`k©b
weivwRZ| Bmjv‡gi bex Cmv Av. Gi c_ †k‡l ïi“ n‡q‡Q
Bmjv‡gi bex gynv¤§` mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg Gi c_|
cweÎ KziAv‡bi wb‡æv³ Avqv‡Z GB AmvaviY NUbvi BwZ Uvbv
n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e :
GB w`‡b Avwg †Zvgv‡ì R‡b¨ †Zvgv‡ì Øxb‡K c~Y©v½ K‡iwQ Ges
†Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ Avgvi AbyMÖn m¤úbœ K‡iwQ Ges †Zvgv‡ì R‡b¨
g‡bvbxZ K‡iwQ ØxbÑ Avj Bmjvg| (Avj-KziAvb 5t3)
Aa¨vq UxKv
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
1) The Apostolic Fathers, E. J. Goodspeed
2) Articles of the Apostolic creed, Theodore Zahn, c„.
3) The Apostolic Fathers, E. J. Goodspeed
4) Articles of the Apostolic creed, Theodore Zahn, c„.
5) Tetradymus, John Toland.
6) Outline of the History of Dogma, Adolf Harnack.
7) What is Christianity? H. c„. 20|
8) The Jesus Report, J. Lehman (Krewz Verlag,
Stuttgart, 2q ms¯‹iY, 1960, c„. 112 †_‡K D×„Z)
9) Articles of The Apostolic Creed, Theodore Zahn.
10) Erasmi Epistolai, 1334 ed, P.S. Allen, V. c„. 173-192
wØZxq Aa¨vq
1) The Jesus Report, J. Lehman, c„. 14-15|
2) The wilderness Revolt, Bishop Pike, c„.101|
3) The Dead Sea Scrolls, Edmund wilson.
4) The Death of Jesus, Joel Carmichael, c„.141
5) The Dead Sea Scrolls, edmund wilson, c„.94|
6) The Death of Jesus, Joel Carmichael, c„.139
7) The Jesus Scroll, D. Joycee, c„.126|
8) The Nazarenes, John Toland, c„.18|
9) The life of Jesus, Carveri.
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
1) The Nazarenes, John Toland, c„.1-6|
2) Spicilegium : (ex cod. Baroce. 39), Grabe.
4) The Apostolic Fathers, E. J. Goodspeed c„.266|
PZz_© Aa¨vq
1) The Apostolic Fathers, Edgar J. Goodspeed.
cÂg Aa¨vq
1) The Kingdom of Fod and Primitive Christian
Belief, Albert Schweitzer, c„.149|
2) Lebuch II, Heinrich Holzmann, c„.256,376|
3) The Jesus Report, Johannes Lehman, c„.123|
4) The Beginning of the christian Church, Hanz
Lietzman, c„.104|
5) Paul and His Interpreters, Albert Schweitzer,
c„.198|
6) The Nazarenes, John Toland, c„.6 (f~wgKv)|
7) A History of christianity in the Apostolic Age, A. C.
Macgiffert c„.216, 231, 424-5|
8) D×„Z, The Jesus Report, Johannes Lehman, c„.126|
9) D×„Z, H c„.127|
10) D×„Z, H c„.128|
lô Aa¨vq
1) Constantine the Great, J.B. Firth, c„.190-191|
2) A History of Christianity in the Appostolic Age,
A.C, Macgiffert, c„.127|
3) The Donatist Church, W.H.C. Frend, c„.153|
4) H, c„.164|
5) H,
6) H,
7) H,
8) Constantine the Great, J.B. Firth.
9) H,
10) The Donatist Church, W.H.C. Frend, c„.164|
11) H, c„.326|
12) John 14 t 28, evB‡ej|
13) Constantine the Great, J.B. Firth. c„.60|
14) H,
15) H,
16) H,
17) H,
18) The Council of Nicea, J. Kayee c„.23-25|
19) Constantine the Great, J.B. Firth. c„.60|
20) Arius, Prof. Gwatkin.
21) H,
22) H,
23) Tetradymus, J.Toland.
24) H,
25) H,
26) H,
27) H,
28) A History of Christianity in the Appostolic Age,
A.C. Macgiffet.
29) The Condemnation of Pope Honorius, John
Chapman.
30) H,
31) H,
mßg Aa¨vq
1) The Hunted Heretic, R.H.Bainton.
2) A History of Unitarianism, E.M.Wilbar.
3) Challenge of liberal Faith, G.N.Marshall.
4) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies, A. wallace.
5) Rise of the Dutch Republic, Motley.
6) The Epic of Unitarianism, D.B. Parke, c„.5-6|
7) Treatises concerning the Mohametons A. Reland,
c„.215-23|
8) Francis David, W.C. Gannett.
9) H,
10) A History of Unitarianism, E.M. wilbur.
12) H,
13) H,
14) A History of Unitarianism, E.M. wilbur, c„. 78|
15) Treatises concerning the Mohametons A. Reland,
c„.190
18) A History of Reformation in Poland, Lubinietski.
20) H,
21) H, f~wgKv, c„. 79|
22) H, c„. 44|
23) H, c„. 44|
24) Historical and Critical Reflections upon
Mohametonism and Socianism, A. Reland.
25) The Nazarenes, John Toland.
26) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies,III, A. wallace.
27) H,
28) H,
29) The Religion of the Protestants, W. Chillingworth.
30) H,
32) True Opinion Concerning the Holy Trinity, J.
Biddle
34) The Epic of Unitarianism, D. B. Parke, c„.31-32|
36) H,
37) H,
38) The Christian Doctrine, J. Milton.
39) H,
41) The Christian Doctrine, J. Milton.
42) H,
c„.428|
44) H, c„. 438|
45) H,
46) H,
47) H, c„. 517|
48) H,
49) H,
50) H,
51) The Epic of Unitarianism, D. B. Parke, c„.46|
52) H, c„.47|
53) A list of False Reading of the Scripture, T. Lindsey.
54) Two Dissertations, T. Lindsey.
55) Memoirs of Dr. Priestly, J. Priestly.
56) H, c„. 76|
57) H, c„. 89|
58) The Epic of Unitarianism, D. B. Parke, c„.48|
59) A History of the corruptions of christianity, J.
Priestly.
60) The History of Jesus Christ, J. Priestly.
62) H,
63) A History of Unitarianism, E. M. willbur, c„.424|
64) H,
66) The Epic of Unitarianism, D. B. Parke.
67) Challenge of a Liberal Faith, G.N. Marshall.
68) A History of Unitarianism, E. M. willbur.
Aóg Aa¨vq
1) A Christian Introduction to Religions of the world,
J. G. Vos, c„.66-67|
2) H, c„.27|
3) The world’s Religions, N. Anderson, c„.232|
4) “1984”, G. Orwell, c„.220|
5) Christianity on Trial, I, Collin Chapman, c„.37|
6) Time Magazine, May 24th, 1976, c„.42-43|
8) H, c„.51-52|
9) Time Magazine, May 24th, 1976, c„.46|
11) H, c„.74|
12) H, c„.61|
MÖšc
’ Äx
The Quran
The Hadith of al-Bukhari and Muslim
The Bible
Àbd Al- Qadir as_ Sufi, The Way of Muhammad, Diwan
Press, 1975.
Alton, Religious Opinions of Milton, Locke and Newton,
1833.
Allegro, The Dead Sea Scrolls.
Anderson, Norman, The World’s Religions, 1975.
Apuleius, Lucius, Metomorphosis- The Golden Ass.
(translated by T. Taylor) 1822.
Backwell, R. H., Hunted Heretic, 1953.
Beattie, The New Theology and the Old. 1910.
Becker, The Dead Sea Scrolls.
Begin, Menachem, The Revolt. The Story of the lrogun,
(translated by Samuel Karr).
Belloc, J.H.D., An Open Letter on the Decay of Faith, 1906.
Biddle, John, The Opinion Concerning the Holy Trinity (XII
Arguments), 1653.
Bigg, The Origin of Christianity, 1909.
Blackney, E.H., The Problems of Higher Criticism, 1905
Brow, David, The Structure of the Apocalypse, 1891.
Brown W. E., The Revision of the Prayer Book- A Criticism,
1909.
Bruce, Frederick, Jesus and Christian Origins Outside the
New Testament, 1974.
Bruce, F.F., The New Testament Documents, 1943.
Bruce, F.F. The Books and the Parchments, 1950.
Burnet, Gilbert, An Abridgement of the History of the
Reformation.
Bury, Arthur, The Naked Gospel. 1699.
Carmichael, Joel, The Death of Jesus, 1962.
Carnegie, W.H., Why and What I Believe in Christianity.
1910.
Cary, Parsons and Pagas- An Indictment of Christianity, 1906.
Celsus, Arguments of Celsus (translanted by Lardner), 1830.
Chadwick, H., Alexandrian Christianity, 1954.
Chadwick, H. The Early Church, 1967
Channing, W.E., The Character and Writing of Milton, 1826.
Channing, W.E., The Works of Channing, 1840-1844.
Chapman, Colin, Christianity on Trial, 1974.
Chapman, John, The Condemnation of Pope Honorius, 1907.
Charles, R.H., The Book of Jublilees, 1917.
Charles, R.H., The Apocrypha and Pseudo- Epiapapha of the
Old Testament.
Chesterton, G.K. Orhodoxy, 1909.
Chillingworth, W., The Religion of the Protestants.
Clarke, Samuel, The Bible, 1867.
Clodd, Edward, Gibbon and Christianity, 1916.
Cooke, Rev., Reply to Montgomery, 1883.
Cooke, Rev., True to Himself, 1883.
Corelli, Marie, Barnabas- A Novel, 1893.
Council of Nicea and St. Athanasius, 1898
Cox. Edwin, The Elusive Jesus.
Craver, Marcello, The Life of Jesus, 1967.
Cross, Frank Moore, The Ancient Library of Qumran and
Modern Biblical Studies.
Culligan, The Arian Movement, 1913.
Cummins, G.D., The Childhood of Jesus, 1972.
Cunningham, Francis, A Dissertation on the Books of Origen
Against Celsus, 1812.
Curll, Edward, Historical Account of the Life of John Toland,
1728.
Davies, W.D., Paul and Rabbinic Judaism.
Dinwiddie, The Time Before the Reformation, 1883.
Disciple, Gospel of the Holy Twelve.
Dupont-Sommer, The Jewish Sect of Qumran and the Essenes,
(translated by R.D. Barnett).
Emlyn, T., An Humble Enquiry into Scripture, 1756.
Everett, C.C., Theism and the Christian Faith.
Eusebius, Church History- Life of Constantine the Great,
(translated by MacGiffert), 1890.
Eusebius, The Ecclesiastic History, 1847.
Eusebius, A Select Library of Nicene and post- Nicene Fathers
of the Christian Church, (translated by A.C. MacGiffert,
Ph.D.), 1890.
Firth, J.B., Constantine the Great, 1890.
Frazer, W., The Golden Bough.
Frend. W.H.C., The Early Church.
Frend, W.H.C., Persecution in the Early Church.
Frend, W.H.C., An Address to the Inhabitants of Cambridge,
1788.
Frend, W.H.C., The Rise of the Monophysite Movement.
Frend, W.H.C., Coulthurst’s Blunders Exposed, 1788-89.
Frend, W.H.C., The Donatist Church.
Froude, The Life and Letters of Erasmus, 1916.
Gannett, D., Francis David, Founder of Unitarianism, 1914.
Gibbon, E., Christianity, 1930.
Gibbon, Edward, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,
1909-1914.
Gibson, J.M., Inspiration and Authority of the Holy
Scriptures.
Glover, T.R., Jesus of History, 1919.
Goodspeed, E.J., The Letter of Barnabas, 1950.
Goodspeed, E.J., The Letter of Barnabas,1950.
Gordon, Alexander, Heresy.
Grant & Fridman, The Secret sayings of Jesus, 1960.
Green, Sir Isaac Newton’s Views, 1871.
Guthrie, D., A Shorter Life of Christ, 1970.
Gwatkin, Arius.
Hall L., The Continuity of Revelation, 1908.
Harnack, Adolf, Christianity and History, (translated by
Saunders), 1900.
Harnack, Adolf, Outlines of the History of Dogma, 1900.
Harnack, Adolf, What is Christianity? 1901.
Harris, J.R., Celsus and Aristedes, 1921.
Hay, J.S., Heliogabalus, 1911.
Haygood, A.g., The Monk and the Prince, 1895.
Hayne, S., The General View of the Holy Scripture, 1607.
Haines, Religious Persecution.
Harwood, P., Priestly and Unitarianism, 1842.
Hastings, Dictionary of Christ and the Gospel.
Heinimann, John Toland, 1944.
Hermes, Hermes- A Disciple of Jesus, 1888.
Hort, F.J.A., Six Lectures on the Ante-Nicene Fathers, 1895.
Hone, W., The Apocryphal New Testament, 1820.
Huddleston, Toland’s History of the Druids, 1814.
Hunt, Jesus Christ, 1904.
Hynes, S., The Manifesto. 1697.
Jan, John Hus- His Life, 1915
Josephus, The Works of Flavius Josephus, (translated by
William Whitson), 1840.
Joyce, D., The Jesus Scroll, 1973.
Kamer, H.A.F., The Spanish Inquisition, 1963.
Kaye, J., The Ecclesiastic History of the 2nd & 3rd Ceturies,
1893.
Kaye, J., The Sermons, 1850.
Kaspary, J., The Life of the Real Jesus, 1904.
Kaspary, J. The Origin, Growth, and Decline of Christianity,
1904-10.
Kelly, J.N.D., Early Christian Creeds, 1949.
Kirkgaldy, The New Theology and the Old, 1910.
Knight, The Life of Faustus Socianus, (translated by Biddl
1653.
Knox, W.L., The Sources of the Synoptic Gospels, 1953.
Konstantinides, Saint Barnabas, 1971.
Lardner, N., A History of Heretics, 1980.
Lardner, N., Two Schemes of Trinity, 1829.
Latourette, K.C., A History of the Expansion of Christianity,
1953.
Leany, A.R.C., The Dead Sea Scrolls.
Leany, A.R.C., The Rule of Qumran.
Lehman, Johannes, The Jesus Report. 1972.
Lietzman, Hanz, The Beginning of the Christian Church,
1949.
Lietzman, Hanz, A History of the Early Church, 1961.
Lindsey, T., Two Dissertations, 1779.
Lindscy, T., An Historical View of the State of Unitarian
Doctrine, 1783.
Lindsey, T. A List of False Readings of the Scripture, 1790.
Lubinietski, A History of the Reformation in Poland.
Major, John, “Sentences”.
Marshall, G.N., Challenge of a Liberal Faith, 1966.
Madden, Life and Martyrdom of Savonarola, 1854.
Masters, John, Baptismal Vows, or the Feast of St. Barnabas,
1866.
Mellone, S.H., Unitarianism and the New Theology. 1908.
Miller F., The Christian Doctrine, 1825.
Motley, Rise of the Dutch Republic.
Mowry, Lucetta, The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Early Church.
Murray, G.G.A., Five Stages of Greek Religion.
MacGiffert, The Apostles’ Creed, 1902,
MacGiffert, The God of the Early Christians 1924.
MacGiffert, A History of Christinity in the Apostolic Age,
1897.
Maclachlan, The Religious Opinions of Milton, Locke, and
Newton, 1941.
Newman, A., Jesus (With a preface by Dr. Schmeidal), 1907.
Newman, J.H., Arianism of the Fourth Century, 1833.
Newton, Sir Isaac Newton Daniel, 1922.
Oxyrhynchus, New Sayings of Jesus and Fragments of Lost
Gospel, (translated by B.P. Grenfell & A.S. Hunt) 1897.
Patrick, John, The Apology of Oregin in Reply to Celsus 1892.
Parke, D.B., The Epic of Unitarianism, 1957.
Pike, E.R., Spiritual Basis of Nonconformity, 1897.
Pike, J.A., If This Be Heresy, 1967.
Pike, J.A., The Wilderness Revolt, 1972.
Priestly, Joseph, A General History of the Christian Church,
1802.
Priestly, Joseph, A History of the Corruption of Christianity
1871.
Priestly, Joseph, History of Jesus Christ, 1786.
Priestly, Joseph, Memoirs of Dr. Priestly, 1904.
Priestly, Joseph, Socrates and Jesus, 1803.
Priestly, Joseph, Three Tracts, 1791.
Puccinelli, P., Vita de S. Barnaba Apostolo.
Quick, Murid, The Story of Barnabas.
Reland, Adrian, Historical and Critical Reflections upon
Mohametanism and Socianism, 1712.
Rice, D.T., Byzantine Art,1954.
Robinson, J.A., Barnabas, Hermas and the Didache, 1920.
Robinson, J.A.T., Honest to God, 1964.
Robinson, J.M., Problem of History in Mark, 1957.
Robinson, J.M., The Historical Jesus, 1916.
Robson, Rev. James, Christ in Islam, 1929.
Ruinus, Commentary on the Apostles’ Creed, 1955.
Ryley, G.B., Barnabas, of the Great Renunciation, 1893.
Sandmel, S., Barnabas, of the Great Renunciation, 1893.
Sandmel, S., We Jews and Jesus, 1973.
Santucci, L., Wrestling with Jesus, 1972.
Sanday, Outlines of the Life of Christ.
Savonarola, Verity of Christian Faith, 1651.
Schmiedel, P.W., Jesus in Modern Criticism, 1907.
Schokel, L.A., Understanding Bibical Research, 1968.
Schweitzer, Albert, Christinaity and the Religions of the
World, 1923.
Schweitzer, Albert, The Mysticism of Paul the Apostle, 1953.
Schweitzer, Albert, The Kingdom of God and Primitive
Christianity, 1968.
Schweitzer, Albert, The Philosophy of Civilization, 1946.
Schweitzer, Albert, A Psychiatric Study of Jesus, 1958.
Schweitzer, Albert, The Story of Albert Schweitzer.
Spark, Unitarian Miscellany.
Spark, Christian Reformer.
Stanley, A.P., The Eastern Church, 1869.
Stanley, A.P., The Athanasian Creed, 1871.
Stanley, A. P., Lectures on the History of the Eastern Church,
1883.
Stevenson, J., Creeds, Councils, and Controversies.
Stevenson, J., Studies in Eusebius, 1929.
Stevenson, J., The New Eusebius.
Taylor, John, The Scriptural Doctrine of Original Sin.
Taylor, John, A History of the Octagon Church.
Thomas-A-Kempis, Imitation of Christ, (translated by John
Wesley), 1903.
Thompson, E.A., goths in Spain, 1969.
Toland, John, Hypathia,1753.
Toland, John, Nazarenes,1781.
Toland, John, Theological and Philosophical Works, 1732.
Toland, John, Tetradymus.
Towgood, Serious and Free Thoughts on the Present State of
the Church.
Verrnas, G., Jesus, the Jew, 1973.
Vos, J.G., A Christian Introduction to Religions of the World,
1965.
Wallace, Antitrinitarian Biographies, 1850.
Warchaurr, J., Jesus or Christ?. 1909.
Warfield, B.B., Jesus or Christ?, 1909.
Wilbur, E.M., A History of Unitarianism in Transylvania,
England, and America.
Williamson, G.A., The History of the Church, 1965.
Williamson, G.A., The Jewish War, 1959.
Wilson, E.M., The Dead Sea Scrolls 1969.
Wisaart, H.S., Socialism and Christ, The Great Enemy of the
Human Race, 1905.
Whittaker, T., The Origins of Christianity, 1933.
Workman, H.B., Persecution in the Early Church, 1960.
Zahn: T., The Articles of the Apostles’ Creed, 1899.
Zahn, T., Introduction to the New Testament, 1909.
Zahn, T., Peter, Saint and Apostle, 1889.
mvgwqKx
Christian Examiner, Jan. 1924-Dec. 1925.
Edinburgh Review, Vol. XII, 1825.
Hibbert Journal Supplement, Jesus or Christ, Vol. VII, 1909.
Harvard Theological Review, Theism and the Christian Faith,
1909.
Review Biblique, 1950
Neale, Samuel, A select series of biographical narratives, etc.

CMV GMXN: BMJV Gi GK Bex: (PV P©I Wek Wzi GK HWZNVWMK Av JL )

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CMV GMXN: BMJV Gi GK Bex: (PV P©I Wek Wzi GK HWZNVWMK Av JL )

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cmv gmxn : Bmjv‡gi GK bex

(Pv‡P©i weK…wZi GK HwZnvwmK Av‡jL¨)

†gvnv¤§` AvZvDi- inxg

jÛb gynv¤§` AvZvDi- inxg

Rgvw`Dm mvwb A¨vÛªy WMjm n¨vwgjUb

Givmgvm e‡jb, Cmv Av. Gi cÖZ¨¶ Abymvixiv GKZ¡ev`‡K

mgªvU †R‡bvi (Zeno) kvmbvg‡ji PZz_© eQ‡i 478 m‡b

Bivwbqvm (Iranaeus) 130-200 L„.)

UviUvwjqvb (Tertullian) (160-220L„.)

Awi‡Rb (Origen) (185-245 L„.)

Avwiqvm (Arius) (250-336 L„.)

Kvqmvwiqvi BD‡mweqvm (Eusebius of Caesaria)

wb‡Kv‡gwWqvi BD‡mweqvm (Eusebius of Nicomedia)

d«vwÝm †WwfW (Francis David) 1510-1579 L„.

†jwjI d«v‡Ým‡Kv gvwiqv †mvwRwb

dvD‡óv cvI‡jv †mvwRwb (Fausto Paolo Sozini) 1539-

wgjUb (Milton) 1608-74 L„.

Rb jK (John Locke) 1632-1704 L„.

m¨vi AvBRvK wbDUb (Sir Isac Newton) 1642-1727 L„.

w_Iwdjvm wjÊ‡m (Theophilus Lindsey) 1723-1808 L„.

DBwjqvg Gjwi P¨vwbs (W. Ellery Channing, 1780-

You might also like