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Lecture 2 - Terminal Settling Velocity
Lecture 2 - Terminal Settling Velocity
Outline
1 2
particle Fg Fz Fb Fd Fg 0
3 4
1
For 2018 Fall Semester ENCH643/ENEN641 course use only. No further distribution allowed.
10 0.94
Fg m p g
100 92
Where,
Solving for Vtp ,
mp mass of particle 1/ 2
g
g density of gas mpg1
Vtp p
p density of particle 1
g gravitational force constant 2 gApCD
A p front cross-sectional area of particle
Vtp terminal settling velocity of particle Difficult to solve for Vtp because :
CD drag coefficient
CD f ( Vtp , dp , g , g )
g g A p Vtp2 CD CD f (Rep )
mp g mp g 0
p 2
7 8
2
For 2018 Fall Semester ENCH643/ENEN641 course use only. No further distribution allowed.
Vtp dpg
Rep
g
where,
g = dynamic viscosity of the gas (g/cm-sec)
g = g/g = kinematic viscosity
Reynolds Number, ReP [-]
9 SOURCE: Adapted from Lapple and Shepherd (1940). Ind. Eng. Chem., 32, 605. 10
3
For 2018 Fall Semester ENCH643/ENEN641 course use only. No further distribution allowed.
4
For 2018 Fall Semester ENCH643/ENEN641 course use only. No further distribution allowed.
1
Let' s simplify the equation for Vtp , assuming m p d 3pp
6
p g , spherical particles, and Stokes' 1
Ap d 2p
region. 4
24 24 g
g
1/ 2 CD
Re p Vtp d p g
mp g 1 K c
Vtp p
1
g A p CD
2 1 d 3
2 6 p p
g (1) K c
where, Vtp
24 g
g 1 1 d 2
1 1 2 g 4 p tp p g
V d
p
17 18
Vtp of spherical
particles in
atmosphere at
room
dp2pK c g
Vtp temperature
18 g
Wark et al (1998)
19 20
5
For 2018 Fall Semester ENCH643/ENEN641 course use only. No further distribution allowed.
where,
g
p 2
cm3
Assume Stokes' Region dp 0.2 x 10 4 cm
g f(T, P, compositio n)
dp2pK c g
Vtp assume g f(T) for air at 1 atm
18 g
kg g
g 0.0825 2.292 x 10 4
m hr (cm sec)
cm
g 980 k
sec 2
23 24
6
For 2018 Fall Semester ENCH643/ENEN641 course use only. No further distribution allowed.
P MW g
Calculate Kn g
RT
g
2 g 1.01atm 29
Kn g mole
dp
atm
g 0.0821 (400K)
g moleK
.
g
0.499 g ug,molecule
g
0.89
g
0.89 103
cm3
25 26
1/ 2
8RT g
ug,molecule 4
MW g 2.292 x 10
g cm sec
1/ 2
kg m 2 g cm
3 ( 400K ) (0.499) 0.89 x 10 3 3
540.4 x 102
( 8 ) 8 . 314 x 10
sec 2 kg mole K cm sec
9.55 x 10 6 cm
kg
( ) 29
kg mole
2 g (2)(9.55 x 10 6 cm)
540.4
m Kn
sec dp (0.2 x 10 4 cm)
cm 0.955 0.01
540.4 x 10 2
sec
27 28
7
For 2018 Fall Semester ENCH643/ENEN641 course use only. No further distribution allowed.
Calculate Kc
Now calculate Vtp
K c 1 Kn exp -
Kn cm -4 2 g
980 2 (0.2 x 10 cm) 2 3 (2.32)
Vtp
sec cm
1.1 g
K c 1 0.955 1.257 0.4 exp (18) 2.292 x 10-4
- cm sec
0.955
cm
4.41 x 10-4 (positive downward)
sec
K c 2.32
29 30
Check Rep
Vtp d p g
Re p
g
-4 cm -4 -3 g
4.41 x 10 (0.2 x 10 cm) 0.89 x 10
sec cm3
-4 g
2.292 x 10 (cm sec)
3.43 x 10-8 0.1
31