A STUDY

OF THE GEOGRAPHY
O F l ENOCH 17-19
"No One Has Seen What I Have Seen"

BY

KELLEY COBLENTZ BAUTCH

BRILL
LEIDEN • BOSTON
2003
 CONTENTS

List of Tables xi
List of Figures xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Abbreviations xv

Preface: Geography in the Otherworldly Journeys of

Enoch 1

SECTION ONE
PRELIMINARY DETERMINATIONS
A. The Pericope in Its Setting: Chapters 17-19 within
the Book of the Watchers 13
B. Redactional Considerations 17
C. The Literary Form of 1 Enoch 17-19 24

SECTION TWO
DESCRIPTION O F T H E GEOGRAPHY
O F 1 E N O C H 17-19
Overview of Section 2 33
Translation of 1 Enoch 17-19 34
Synopsis 36
I. Description of the Geography of 1 Enoch 17:1—3:
The Mountain of God and Place of the Luminaries 41
. A. 1 Enoch 17:1 41
B. 1 Enoch 17:2 49
C. 1 Enoch 17:3 66
D. The Mountain of God and Place of the Luminaries
in the North 68
II. Description of the Geography of 1 Enoch 17:4—8:
The Great Darkness and Waterways 70
A. 1 Enoch 17:4 70
B. 1 Enoch 17:5 82
Vlll CONTENTS

C. 1 Enoch 17:6 84
D. 1 Enoch 17:7 90
E. 1 Enoch 17:8 95
F. The Realm of the Dead in the West 97
III. Description of the Geography of 1 Enoch 18:1-9:
The Four Winds and the Seven Mountains 99
A. 1 Enoch 18:1-5 99
B. 1 Enoch 18:6 107
C. 1 Enoch 18:7 116
D. 1 Enoch 18:8 120
E. Circuitous Journey of the Winds and Seven
Mountains in the South 125
IV. Description of the Geography of 1 Enoch 18:9-19:3:
The Prison of the Stars and Angels 127
A. 1 Enoch 18:9 127
B. 1 Enoch 18:10 128
C. 1 Enoch 18:11 129
D. 1 Enoch 19:1-2 131
E. 1 Enoch 18:12 141
F. 1 Enoch 18:13-16 143
G. 1 Enoch 19:3 151
H. The Place of Imprisonment in the East 154
I. Summation of the Description of the Geography of
1 Enoch 17-19 155

SECTION THREE
MAKING SENSE OF THE GEOGRAPHY
OF 1 ENOCH 17-19
Overview of Section 3 159
I. Putting It All Together: Mapping the World of
1 Enoch 17-19 160
A. Mental Mapping 160
B. Grelot's Map 162
C. Milik's Map 167
D. Stock-Hesketh's Map 176
E. An Alternative Map for 1 Enoch 17-19 184
 CONTENTS IX

II. Comparable Geographical Data and Parallels in

Israelite and Jewish Traditions 191
A. Mental Mapping and Sources of Information 191
B. The Astronomical Book 199
C. Traditions from the Hebrew Bible 206
D. Summary of Chapter and Conclusions 230
III. Comparable Geographical Data and Parallels in
Ancient Near Eastern and Greek Traditions 231
A. Traditions from the Ancient Near East 231
B. Greek Traditions 238
C. Summary of the Chapter and Conclusions 253
IV. Cosmology and Geography in the Enochic Corpus
and in Second Temple Period and Late Antique
Traditions 258
A. Cosmology and the Enochic Corpus 258
B. Cosmology and Geography in Jewish and
Christian Works of the Second Temple Period
and Late Antiquity 265
C. Summary of the Chapter and Conclusions 272

SECTION FOUR
CONCLUSION OF THE STUDY OF THE
GEOGRAPHY OF 1 ENOCH 17-19
A. Summary of Results 277
B. 1 Enoch 17-19 in Context 279
C. The Theology of 1 Enoch 17-19 287
D. Excursus: Law and the Enochic Community 289

Appendix: Text Critical Issues 300

Bibliography 305

Index of Authors 313

Index of Ancient Sources 316