Scaf

fol
dsSaf
ety

Int
roduction:
A scaf f
oldi s an el
evated,and usuallytempor aryplat form used to
supportwor kers,
material
sandt ool
sduringconstruct
ionwor k.
Iti
sbei ngusedwheni tisnotpossibl
etoper for
m wor kswi t
hothersafe
means.
Therear ev ar
ioustypesofscaf fol
dsbeingusedatconst ructi
onsites,
i
ncluding suppor t
ed scaff
olds,such as:Fr ame Scaf folds,Tube and
ClampsScaf fol
ds,System Scaffol
ds,SuspendedScaf folds,andMobi le
TowerScaf folds.

Empl oyeesworkingonscaf f
oldsareexposedtomanyhazardssuchas
fall
s,complet
ecollapseofscaffol
ds.
Thissect i
oncoverst hegeneralsafet
yguidel
i
nesf orscaf
fol
dshigher
than2m f rom t
hegr oundadjacentt
ot hel
ocati
onwherethescaf
foldis
erected,al
sothi
ssect iondet
erminesspecif
icr
equi
rementsfordi
ff
erent
typesofscaff
olds.

1- Gener alRequi rement s:

1.Scaffoldsmustbepr ovi
dedf orempl oyeesengagedi nwor kthat
cannotbedonesaf elyfrom thegroundorf rom sol
idconst
ructi
on.
2.Allscaffoldsmustbeer ected,mov ed,dismantledoralt
ered,only
undert hesuper vi
sionofacompet entper sonsandbyski l
ledand
experiencedwor kers.
3.Each scaf fold and scaf f
old componentshal lbe capabl e of
suppor t
ing, withoutfail
ure,i
tsownwei ghtandatleast4timest he
maximum i ntendedl oadappliedortransmittedtoit
.

1
 4.Thecont r
act orshal lprepar etheconst ructiondesi gns,dr awings,
anddesi gnl oadsf orallscaff ol
dsusedonsi t
ei ncludingf or ms
concretecei l
ingsuppor ts,plat
f ormsusedf orst orageofmat erial
s
and ot her s,and same mustbe appr ov ed by t he consul t
ant
engineer ,priortoer ecti
onofscaf folds.Allthesei nf or
mat i
onmust
bekeptonsi tef orinspectionpur poses.
5.Scaffoldscannotbeer ected,used,cl osert han3m ( 10f eet)near
energizedpowerl inest oav oi
danycont actbet weent hescaf fol
d
component sandt hesepowerl ines.
6.Suppor tedscaf foldswi thahei ghtt obasewi dthr atioofmor et han
fourtoone( 4:1)shal lbet iedt ot hebui ldingst ructur evertically
andhor izont al
ly.Thef ir
stbot tom t i
emustbepl acednohi gher
thanfour( 4)t i
mest heminimum basewi dthandv ert
icalti
esshal l
berepeat edati ntervalsnotgr eatert han8m ( 26f eet).Hor i
zont al
ti
esshal lbepl acedateachendandati nterv al
snotgr eaterthan9
m( 30f eet )hor i
zont all
y.
7.Suppor tedandsuspendedscaf foldsshal lbei nspectedbyat hir
d
partysaf et ycompanyandapr opercer tifi
cat eshal lbei ssuedby
thi
scompany ,t he inspection wi l
lbe r epeat ed i n case ofany
changeont hel ocat i
onofer ectionorsuspensi on.

2- Scaffol
dsFoundat ions:
1.Scaf folds musthav e base plates,even when set ting on a
concretefloor.
2.When set ting the scaf fol
d on sof tsoil,the soi lshallbe
compact edt oav oidthepr esenceofanyhol esandt oenhance
i
tsabi l
ityt
osuppor tt
hei ntendedloads.Scaffoldlegsmustbe
setonbasepl atesandadequat emudsill
swi t
hnotl essthan5
cm thickandnotl essthan25cm wi detodistribut
et heloadon
biggerarea.(Seef ig.#1).

2
 Fi
g.#1

3- Scaf f
oldPlatf
orm:
1.Thefrontedgeofallplat
formsshallnotbemor ethan35cm ( 14
i
nches)from t
hef aceoft hework,unlessguar
drailsyst
emsar e
er
ectedalongthefrontedgeand/orpersonnelf
allarr
estsyst
ems
areused.

Fi
g.#1a

2.The wi dth oft he platform ofa scaf fold shal lbe det ermined
accor dingtot hepur poseofuseandhei ghtf rom thegr oundt o
provide adequat e area t o wor k safely,butt he wi dth ofeach
platform shall notbel esst han:
2-1 benotl esst han 60 cm wi de( 3 boar ds)when used f or
personsonl yandnotf ormat eri
als.
2-2 Benotl esst han 80 cm wi de( 4 boar ds)when used f or
personsandmat eri
als.
2-3 Benotl esst han150cm wi de( 7boar ds)whenusedf ort he
suppor tofanyhi gherpl atf
orm orused t o dr essr oughly
shapedst ones.
2-4 Benotl esst han43cm whenusedaswoodenpassages.
3 The open si de edges ofpl atforms hi ghert han 2 m shal lbe
providedwi thst andardguar drailnotlesst han95cm andnotmor e
than115cm hi ghandconsi stsoft opr ailandmi dr ailandt oe-
boar dnotl esst han15cm hi ghabov et hepl atf
orm,t akingi nto
consi derati
ont hatt hedi stancebet weent het opr ai
landt hemi d
railorbet weent hemi drailandt hetoe-boar dshoul dnotbemor e
than47cm.( seef ig.#2).

3
 Fi
g.#2

4 When t he pr ov i
sion ofpr ovidi
ng scaf folds and pl atf
orms wi th
guardr ai l
si snotpossi bleornotpr actical,allempl oyeeswor king
onscaf f oldsshal lusesaf etyhar nesseswhi chwi l
lbeanchor edat
thebui l
di ngorst rongst ructureorasaf etyl i
neatt henear estpoi nt
ont opoft hewor kerhead.I fi ti
snotpossi bletodoso,t hewor ker
shallbet iedt ot hest rongcomponent soft hescaf foldorpr ov ide
adequat eal ternativemet hodst opr otectf r
om f allhazardssuchas
safetynet s,etc.
5 Woodscaf f
oldpl anksshoul dbenomi nal5cm x25cm.Gaps
betweenadj acentpl anksort oe-boar dsshoul dnotexceed2. 5cm.
Plankingshoul dext endami nimum of15cm ov ert hecent erof
eachsuppor t( unlesscl eat edt opr eventt heplankf rom sli
ding)and
a maxi mum of 30 cm.t he ends ofwooden pl anks shal lbe
encasedi nmet alsleevesorj acket stopr otectt hem from damage,
6 Wher eper sonsar er equi redt owor korpassundert hescaf folds.
Scaffoldsshal lbepr ov idedwi t
hascr eenbet weent het oe-boar d
andt heguar drail
,extendi ngalongt heent ir
eopeni ng.(seef i
g.#3) .

4
 Fi
g.#3

7 Facesofscaff
oldsshal
lbecoveredwit
ht arpaul
insheet
ingcover
s
(Contai
nmentSheeti
ng)toprot
ectagainstscatter
ingofdustand
debri
sonpeopleandcar sinthestr
eet.(inthiscase,windl
oads
shall
beconsi
dered)
.(seefi
g.#4).

Fi
g.#4

4- SafeAccesst
oScaff
olds:
1.Asafewayaccess,
securedadequat
elyf
orent
ranceandexi
ttoor
fr
om anyplacewhereoneper sonworksatanyt imeshallbe
prov
ided.

5
 2.I
tispr
efer
abletopr
ovidealadderi
nsi
det
hescaf
fol
dtor
eacht
o
t
heworkplat
for
m.(Seefi
g.#5a).

Fi
g5a

Fi
g.5b
3.Port
abl
e singleladders when used as access means t
ot he
scaf
fol
dplatfor
m, shal
lnothaveaslopemor ethan4(ver
ti
cal):1

6
 (Horizontal)i.e.onemet eroutf orevery4met ersofhei ght ,and
extendatl east1m abov eplat f
orml ev elt opr ov i
deadequat e
handhol datal l st
epping-offpoints.(Seef i
g.#5b) .
4.Whent hel engt hoft hel adderexceeds9m,i tshal lbepr ov i
ded
withi nter
medi atelanding,whichshal lnotbeusedasawor king
platf
or m orf orst orage ofmat eri
als.These l andi ng shal lbe
providedwi thast andar dguardr ailsystem t opr otectagai nstf al
l
hazar ds.
5.Incaseofusi ngav erti
calladdermor et han6m hei ght ,af al
l
protectionsy st em mustbepr ov idedt opr otectempl oy eesf rom
fall
hazar ds,suchsy stem maybeacageoral addersaf etydev i
ce.
6.Ladder sshal lbesecur el
yt i
edf rom upperandbot tom t opr ev ent
sli
ppingandshal lbef i
xedonst ableandl ev elsurfacesusi ngt heir
sli
p-resist
antf eet.

5- Capaci ty:
Wor
kingLoadsofScaf folds:
Workingl oadi st het otalloadofal lpersons,equi pment ,t
ools,
materials, transmi tted l oads, and ot her loads r easonabl
y
anti
cipatedt obeappl i
edt oascaf f
oldorscaf f
oldcomponentat
any one t i
me.Ther e ar et hree diff
erentt ypes of scaf fol
ds
accordingt ol oad( LightDut yScaf f
olds,Medi um Dut yScaff
olds,
andHeav yDut yScaf fol
ds) .Asfoll
ows:
 Li ghtDut yScaf folds:Designedandconst r
uct edt ocarrya
wor ki
ngl oadof1. 2Ki l
oNewt onpersquar emet er(25pounds
persquar efoot.
 Medi um Dut yScaf f
olds:Designedandconst ructedtocarrya
wor ki
ngl oadof2. 4Ki l
oNewt onpersquar emet er(50pounds
persquar efoot).
 Heav yDut yScaf folds:Designedandconst ructedt ocarrya
wor ki
ngl oadof3. 6Ki l
oNewt onpersquar emet er(75pounds
persquar efoot).

1. Eachscaf foldshal lbedesi gnedtobecapabl eofsupporting,

wi t
houtf ai
lure,i t
s own wei ghtand atl east4 t i
mes t he
maxi mum wor kingl oadappl i
edortr
ansmi t
tedtoit
.
2. Eachsuspensi onr ope,usedonnon- adjustabl
esuspensi on
scaffoldsshal lbecapabl eofsuppor t
ing,wi t
houtfail
ure,at
l
east 6 t i
mes t he maxi mum i ntended l oad appli
ed or
transmi t
tedt ot hatr ope.
3. Scaf f
oldsshal lnotbel oadedinexcessoft hewor ki
ngl oad
theyar eintended, andt hi
sloadshallbeev enlydi
stri
butedon
thescaf foldplat f
or m.

7
 4. Mat
eri
als orl oads shallbe mov ed ordeposi
ted wit
hout
i
mposinganyv iol
entshock.
5. Mat
eri
alshallnotbekeptuponascaf foldunl
essneededfor
wor
kwi thi
nar easonabletime.Theseloadsshal
lnotexceed
t
hedesignedloadlimitofthescaff
old.

6- Maxi mum Hei ghtsofScaf folds&Maxi mum NumberofWor king

Lev
els:
(TubeandCl ampScaf folds)
1. Eachcont ractorshal lpr epareadesi gnf orscaf f
oldssy stems
accordingt ot henat ureofwor k,andt heexpect edintended
l
oads, andt hemet hodsoff i
xingt hescaf f
olds, t
heconsul t
ant
engineershall approv esuchdesi gns.
2. Themaxi mum hei ghtofscaf f
oldshal lnotexceed38m ( 125
feet)
,and i n case t he need f or higher scaf folds,t he
contractorshal lsubmi ta desi gn prepared byspeci ali
zed
thi
rdpar t
ycompanyandshal lobtaint heappr ovaloft he
consultantengi neeron t hatdesi gn bef ore start
ing t he
erecti
onoft hescaf fold,thisappr oveddesi gnshallbekept
on si te for i nspect ion by t he concer ned depar tment
personnel.
3. Themaxi mum numberofwor kingl evelsatt hesamet i
me
andt hemaxi mum numberofaddi ti
onalpl ankedl evelsshall
bedet erminedbyr eferringtotabl e#1bel ow:

Tabl
e#1

7- Scaf f
oldsMater
ial
s:
1.Metalpart
susedforscaf
foldsshallbeofsuit
ablequali
tyandbein
goodconditi
onandfr
eefrom corrosi
onorotherpatentdef
ectl
ikel
y
toaff
ectthei
rst
rengt
hmat eri
all
y.

8
 2.Nailsorbol tsusedi ntheconst ruct i
onofscaf foldsshal lbeof
adequat esizeandi nsuf f
ici
entnumber sateachconnect i
ont o
dev elopthedesi gnedst r
engthoft hescaf folds.Fiberropel ashi ng,
nails,clampsandanyot hermeansshal lbeusedaccor dingt ot he
manuf acturi
ngr ecommendat i
ons.
3.Alllumberusedi nconstructi
onofscaf foldsshallbef r
eeofl arge
knot s,split
,wr aps,decay ,twist
,dr yr otoranyot herdef ects,and
shal lhavest rai
ght -gr
ained,andshal lnotbepai ntedort r
eat edby
anymeanssot hatt ohidedefects.
4.Itisst ri
ctl
ypr ohibitedtouseanyr opest hathav ebeenaf fectedby
acidsorbases( alkali
s)ordamagedr opesforscaffolds.
5.Fiberr opesshal lnotbeusedf orscaf f
oldsi nplacest hatmi ght
causet heropet obedamaged.
6.Allnecessar yprecautionsshallbet akent oav oi
dthespl i
tofpl anks.
7.Allmat er
ialusedf orerecti
onofscaf fol
dsshal lbest oredpr oper ly
andawayf rom anyot hermat eri
alst hatmightaf f
ecti t
.

8- Er ect ionofScaf f ol
ds:
1.Scaf f oldsshal lbeer ected ordi smant led byaski ll
ed wor ker s,
trainedandqual ifi
edt oper for m suchwor k,undert hesuper vi
si on
ofacompet entper son.
2.Scaf f oldsshal lnotbeext endedbey ondi tshi ghestf i
xingpoi ntt o
theext endt hatwi l
laf fectitsst abil
i
ty.
3.Wor kerer ectinganddi smant li
ngscaf foldsshal lbepr ovi
dedwi th
properf allpr ot ectionmeasur esandshal lbepr ov i
dedwi tht he
sui t
abl eper sonalpr otectiveequi pmentt opr ot ectt hem f rom f all
hazar d.
4.Wher e mat eri
alsoft he scaf f
oldsar e handl ed manual lydur ing
erect ion ordi smant li
ng,no wor kers shal lexi stundert hese
mat erials.
5.Allscaf foldmat eri
al susedf ort hesuppor toft hewor ki
ngpl atform
shal lbesoundr igi
dandofadequat est rengt handf ir
mf ootingand
wel lst ruttedandbr aced.
6.Loosebr i
cksanddr ainpi pesoranyot herunsui tablemat erials
shal lnotbeusedf orer ecti
onorsuppor t
ingscaf fol
ds.
7.Pr operpr otect i
on f rom t he hazar d off all
ing obj ects shal lbe
prov idedt ot het opofscaf foldi ft
hishazar dexi sts.
8.Allf acesoft hescaf foldshal lbebraceddi agonal l
y ,bot hinternal l
y
andext ernal l
yt oadequat el
ysuppor tthescaf fold.
9.Par tiall
yer ectedordi smant ledscaf fol
dsshal lnotbeused,anda
promi nentwar ningnot iceindi cati
ngt hatt hescaf foldisi ncompl ete
andnotsaf et obeused( RedScaf foldTag)shal lbepost ed.The
accesst ot hescaf foldshal l phy si
call
ybebl ocked.

9
 10. Scaffol
ds and scaf fold components shallbe t horoughl
y
i
nspected by a compet entper sons who is author
ized by the
contr
actort oensuret hatt hescaffoldisstable,andcapabl eof
supporti
ngt heintendedl oadsandt henheshal lpostt hegreen
scaff
oldt agaft
ersi gningi twhichindicat
est hatthescaf fol
dis
completeandsaf etouse.

9- Scaf foldsTies:
1.When t he hei
ghtofscaf fol
ds ex ceeds 4 t i
mes i t
s wi dt
h,t he
scaffoldshal lbet iedt othefixedbui ldingst r
ucture,vertical
lyand
horizont all
y.Thef irstbottom tiemustbepl acednohi ghert han
four( 4)t imesthemi ni
mum basewi dthandv erti
caltiesshal lbe
repeat edati nt
ervalsnotgr eaterthan8m ( 26feet)
.Hor izont alti
es
shallbepl acedateachendandati nter v
alsnotgr eatert han9m
(30f eet ).
2.Atleast50%ofal ltiesshallbeposi t
iv e(+v e)ti
es,thati s,theydo
notgett hei
rstrengt hfrom fri
cti
onasi nthecasewi tht her eveal
ti
es.
3.Ther ear e5v ar
ioust ypesoft i
esasf ollows:
3-1 Thr oughTies( +Ve)
3-2 Rev ealTi
es( NotPosi ti
ve)
3-3 BoxTi es(+Ve)
3-4 AnchorBol tTi es(+Ve) .
3-5 Ot herMethodsofTi ei
ng

3-1 ThroughTi es:(

Seef ig.#6)
3-1-
1 At ubei st akent hroughanyconv eni
entopeni ng,suchasa
window, andcoupl edtoanotherparal
l
el hori
zontalt
ube.
3-1-
2 Anot her two t ubes wi l
lbe connect ed v er
tical
l
yt ot he
horizontaltubesusi ngproperri
ghtangleclamps.
3-1-
3 Thesev erti
caltubesshallbefixedtothescaf f
oldusingri
ght
anglecl amps.
3-1-
4 Thist ypeoft i
esisaposi ti
veti
e.

10
 Fig.#6
3-
2 Rev ealTies:(Seefi
g.#7) :
3-
2-1 At ubei swedgedi ntoanopeni nginthewallbymeansof
‘
Rev eal Pin’
.
3-
2-2 A second t ube i
st hen fixed between t
histube and the
scaf f
oldt oformthetie.Ther evealpi
nnormall
yconsist
sofa
pieceoft ubewi t
habasepl ateatoneendandascrewj ackat
theot her.
3-
2-3 Thist ypeoft i
esisconsiderednotpositi
vety
peofti
es.

Fi
g.#7

3-
3 BoxTi es:(Seefig.#8)
3-
3-1 Thisti
ecanbeusedi fthereisacol
umncl oset
othescaff
old.
3-
3-2 Tietubesrunbot hsidesoft hecol
umn, wit
hcr
osstubesti
ed
backandf ronttobothtietubes.
3-
3-3 Thistypeoftiesisconsideredaposit
iveti
e.

11
 Fi
g.#8

3-
4 AnchorBol tTi es: (Seef i
g.#9)
3-
4-1 Therear emanyt ypesofanchor sav ailable.Theydohowev er
,
varyinpul loutst r
engt handt heyl eav eahol ebehindwhi ch
hast ober epai red.Apul loutf orceofatl east800l bs,1200
l
bs,and1600l bs,isnecessar yf orl ight,medi um andheav y
dutyscaf f
ol ds r espectively.Ther ef oret he propertype of
anchorbol tshoul d besel ect
ed accor ding tot hety peof
scaffold.
3-
4-2 Ananchorbol tshal lbef ixedt ot hewal lthroughadr i
lled
openingi nst eel plate.
3-
4-3 Apr opert ubei swel dedt ot hest eelpl ate( whichisfixedt o
thewal lbyt heanchorbol t)
.
3-
4-4 Thist ubeshal lbet iedt othescaf f oldusi ngthepr operright
anglecl amps.
3-
4-5 Thisty peoft iesi sconsi deredaposi tivet i
e.

12
 Fi
g.#9

3-
5 Ot herMet hodsofti
es:
3-
5-1 Towerscaf fol
dsmybet i
edusingguyropewhi
chwil
lbet i
ed
tot hescaffol
d(onl
yatjoi
nts)andtoapointontheground
usinganchorboltwithanopti
mum angleof45degr
ee.(See
fi
g.#10) .

Fi
g.#10

3-
5-2 Morethanoneguyr
opepert
owermayber
equi
redont
all
st
ruct
ures.

13
 3-
5-3 Alsoanelev
atedt
ubewit
hanangleof45degreewit
ht he
hori
zont
almaybeusedt
otiet
hescaf
fol
d.(
RakerTi
es)(See
fi
g.#11).

Fi
g.#11

3-5-
4 Ther akert ubeshal lbet iedtot hescaffoldusingpr oper
clampsandt heot herendwi l
lbefi
xedonbasepl ateandmud
sil
l.
Incaset hescaffoldcannotbet iedusinganyoneoft heabov e
met hods,t
he
contr
actorshal larranget opr epareaspeci aldesignforthesai d
scaffol
dand
obtai
nt heappr ovaloft heconsul t
antengineeront hatdesi
gn,and
must
keepacopyoft hi
sdesi gnatsi t
eforinspecti
onbyt heconcerned
l
ocalaut hori
ty.

10- Inspect i
onandMai ntenance:
1.Scaffol
dsshallbei nspect edbyacompet entpersonwhohas
beenpr ovidedwi t
ht henecessar yandadequat et r
aini
ngt o
quali
fy him t o super vi
se t he er ecti
on,di smantli
ng and
i
nspect i
onofscaf folds.Thi sperson( s)mustobt ainatrai
ning
certi
fi
cateasa scaf fol
d compet entper son issued fr
om a
companyappr ov edbyconcer nedlocal author
it
ies.
2.Scaffol
ds shallbe i nspected befor e use by a compet ent
persontoensureoft hefollowing:
 The scaf foldi sadequat el
ysecur ed and stable(safe
foundati
onsandmet hodsoft ies).

14
  Ofsoundmat eri
al,freef rom patentdef ects.
I tissuitablet othepur poseofwor kt obedone.
 The necessar y requi red pr otection measur es ar e
prov i
ded.
3.Allthescaf f
oldsshal lbei nspectedbyacompet entper sonas
foll
ows:
 Ondai lybasi sbef oreeachuse.
 Af t
erbadweat hersorwhent hescaf foldi snoti nusef or
l
ongper iod.
I ncaseanyal ter
ationi smadet ot hescaf foldori ts
component s.
4.Allmat eri
alforanyscaf foldshal lbei nspect edbef or ebei
ng
taken i nto use t o ensur et hatt heyar ei n good and saf e
conditions.
5.Everyscaf foldshal lbepr oper l
ymai ntainedandev erypart
shallbekeptsof i
xed,secur edorpl acedi nposi t
ionast o
preventsof arasi spracticableacci dental displacement .
6.Noscaf foldorpar tofascaf foldshallbepar tlydismant l
edand
remai ni nsuchacondi t
iont hatitiscapabl eofbei ngused
unless,t hatpar ti s saf et o be used accor ding t ot he
regulationsment i
onedi nt hissect i
onaf t
erbei ngi nspectedby
acompet entper sonanddecl aredthatitissaf et obeused.
7.No excav at
ion oper ati
ons shal lbe car r
ied outneart he
foundat ionsofanyscaf fold,andwheni tisnecessar ytodoso,
safeal ternati
v emet hodsshal lbepr ovidedt osecur escaffold
foundat ionsinsuchawayt oguar anteei tssaf etyandst abi
li
ty.

Ty
pesofScaf
fol
ds

11- Suppor
tedScaf
fol
ds:
11-1 Met alScaffol
ds:
Supported scaffol
ds such as Fr
ame Scaff
olds,Tube and Cl
amps
Scaf
folds,
SystemsScaffolds,andMobi
leTowerScaf
fol
dsandother
s.

11-
1-1GeneralRequir
ement s:
1.Allscaff
oldsshal lbeer ected accor
ding tot hemanufact
urer’
s
recommendat i
ons.Intermixi
ngofdi ff
erentt y
pesofmet alisnot
all
owed when er ect
ing the same scaf f
old unless,i
thas been
approved bya compet entperson who has enough knowledge
abouttheef f
ectofsuchi nt
ermixont heintegri
tyandstr
engthof
thescaff
old.

15
 2.Met alpar t
susedf orscaf f
ol dsshal lbest r
aightandofsui t
able
qualit
yandi ngoodcondi ti
onandf reef rom bent ,cracks, corr
osion,
andal lotherdef ects.Al lmet alpar tsusedf orscaff oldsmustbe
i
nspect edbyacompet entper sonbef oreuse.
3.Met alpar ts used f orscaf folds shal lbe secur ely connect ed
togetherbyadequat eandst r ongmet hod.
4.Scaf f
oldsshal lbepr ov i
dedwi thpr operl adder sorst ai rwayst obe
used f oraccesst ot hescaf fold and shal lbeat tached t ot he
structureofthescaf fold.
5.Scaf f
oldscomponent smat er ialsshal lbest oredinwel lprotected
storest opr otectt hem f rom bei ngaf f
ect edbydi ffer entweat her
conditions.
6.Paints cov eri
ng met alpi pes shal lbe keptand mai ntai
ned t o
protecti tf r
om bei ng damaged t he mat terwhi ch may cause
alt
eration oft he met alpipes speci fi
cat ions and consequent l
y
affectitsdesignedsuppor tandst abilit
y.
7.Met alpipescoat edbyspeci alpai ntst opr otectthem f rom rustand
corrosionshal lbeusedi npl aceswi t
hhi ghhumi di tywhent he
possibili
tyofexposur et orustandcor r
osioni sv er
yhi gh.
8.Allclampsshal lbei nspect edr egul arl
yandmai ntai nedpr oper l
y
andi nspectt hem bef oreeachuse,andgr easemov eabl epar t
st o
ensuret hatthet hreadedpar tsar eingoodoper ati
onal conditi
on.

11-1-2Tube&Cl ampScaf folds:

Thistypeofscaf fol
dsconsi stsofv ert
icalpipes( Posts)andhor i
zontal
Longitudinalpipesrunni
ngpar all
eltothest ructure(Runners)andpi pes
suppor t
ingtheplatfor
m( Bear ers)anddi agonalpipes( Braci
ng)allof
thesecomponent sarej oi
nedt ogetherbymeansofspeci alcl
ampsof
two
diff
erenttypes.Rightangleclampsandswi vel j
ointclamps( Seefig.12&
13).

16
 Fi
g.#12

Scaf
fol
dClamps
Fi
g.#13

17
11-1-3Fr ameScaf folds:
Thist ypeofscaf foldsconsi st
sofSt eelfabr i
catedf r
ameandcr oss
br acing.
Framescaf foldi
ngisr el
ativ
elysimpl eandfastt oerect,pr
ov i
dedthatthe
surfacei slevel,
andt heaccessi snotr est
ri
cted.Itconsideredeasytobe
erectedanddoesnotneedgr eatexperi
encesi nceev er
ypartisbeing
connect edatt hepredeterminedpl ace.
Thescaf foldshallbeer ectedonbasepl ateswi t
hadj ustabl
el ev
eling
scr ew
andpr opermudsi l
l onawel l compactedsoi l
.(Seefig.#14) .

18
 Fi
g.#14
11-1-4 System Scaf f
olds:
Ther earev ari
oust ypesoft hi
sscaf f
old,anditconsistsofvert
icalpipes
withdifferentlengths(post s)
,andther unner
sandbear er
sareconnect ed
tofixedlocat i
ons.
Themostpopul aronei sthecup- l
ocksy st
em scaffold,wher
eallthe
bladesoft hepi pesar el ocatedintol owercup,andt heuppercupi s
lower ed
downandt i
ghtenedwi thahammerbl ow.
Theadv antaget hatmodul arsy st
emshav eisthatt heydonotr equir
ea
high
degr
eeofexpert
isetoer
ectt
hem si
ncet
hel
ocat
ionoft
heconnect
ions
aref
ixed.(
Seef
ig.#15)
.

19
 Fi
g.#15
11-
1-5 Mobi
l
eTowerScaf
fol
ds:
Itisascaff
oldmountedonwheelsandmaybemadeofnor malt
ubeand
fit
ti
ngsandhasonlyoneplat
for
m.Theplat
form shal
lnotext
endoutwar
d
bey ondt
hebasesupportoft
hetowerandshal
lhavestandar
dguardrai
l
s
andt oe-
boar
ds(Seefi
g.#16).
Meansofaccess( anaccessladder)shallbeprovi
dedf r
om insidethe
towerorfixedout
sidethetoweraccordingtothesafet
yrequir
ement sof
l
adders.
Mobiletowerscaffoldsareequippedwi thcaster
satt hebot t
om and
posi
tiv
elockingbrakestoprev
entthet owerfrom movementduringuse.
Thesecast er
sshallbecapableofsuppor ti
ngthesafewor ki
ngl oadof
thescaff
old.

20
 Fi
g.#16

11-
1-5-
1 Gener
alRequi
rement
s:

1.The hei ghtoft he mobi letowershal lnotexceed 4 t imest he

smal l
estbasewi dthoft hescaffold,i
ncaset hehei ghti sexceeding
4t i
mest he widt hoft hescaf f
old,specialoutr igger sshal lbeused
toincreaset hewi dthoft hescaf fol
d,andconsequent lyincreasi
ng
theper mi ssi
blehei ght.
2.Roll
ingscaf f
oldsshal l beusedonl yonf i
rm, level,cleansur faces.
3.Roll
ing scaf folds shal lbe mov ed on l eveled sur faces onl yby
pushingorpul l
ingorbot h.Manualf orceusedt omov ethescaf fold
shallbeappl i
edascl oset othebaseaspr acticabl e,butnomor e
than1. 5m ( 5f eet)abov et hesuppor ti
ngsur face.Noper sons,
equipmentormat eri
alsareal l
owedt obeont hepl atf
orm dur i
ng
mov ing it .Scaff old casters and wheel s shallbe l ocked wi th
positiv
ewheell ocksaf tertheendi ngofmov ingt het owerand
beforeanyonei sal l
owedt owor kont hepl atform.
4.Iti
sr ecommendedt ouseal adder(internalstaircase)t oaccesst o
andf rom t hepl at f
orm( seef i
g.#16) ,incaseofusi ngav erti
cal
l
adderhi gherthan6m,i tshallbepr otectedbyacageorpr ovi
de

21
 wor
ker
swi
thpr
operf
all
prot
ect
ionequi
pment
.

11-1-
6 SuspendedScaf folds:
Suspendedscaf foldsconsistofpl atf
ormssuspendedbypr operwire
ropesfixedtoanout ri
ggerswhi chisinstall
edhorizont
all
yont her
oofsof
buil
dingswher ethesuspendedscaf f
oldshallbeused.Apr opercounter
weightsshallbeat tachedtot heotherendsoft heout r
igger
stosuppor t
thescaffol
d.Scaf f
ol dshallbepr ovi
dedwi thadequateandsuitabl
e
meansofl ower i
ngandr ai
singt hescaffold(hoi
sts).
Therear emanyt ypesofsuspendedscaf fol
dssuchas: suspended
plat
forms,cradlescaf fol
dsandboat swain’schai
rs.

Fi
g.#17

11-
1-6-1 Gener alRequirement s:
1.Ev erysuspendedscaf foldshall
bepr ovidedwithadequat eand
sui
tablechai nsorropesandwi nchesorot herli
f t
ingappliancesor
si
mi l
ardev i
cesandshal lbesuspendedf r
om sui t
ableout ri
gger
beams, j
oists,runway s,rai
ltr
acksorot herequal l
ysafeanchor age.
2.Thewi nchesorot herlifti
ngappliancesorsimilardev i
cesofa
suspendedscaf f
oldshal lbe:
 Pr ov i
dedwi t
habr akeorsimi l
ardeviceswhi chcomesi nto
operationswhent heoperatinghandleorl everisreleased.
 Adequat elyprotectedagainsttheef f
ectsofweat her ,dustor
mat eri
alli
kelytocausedamage.
3.Theout r
iggerbeamsf orasuspendedscaf fol
dshal lbe:
 Ofadequat elengt handstrengthandpr oper l
yinstall
edand

22
 suppor t
ed.
I nstalledhor i
zont all
yandpr ovidedwi thadequat estopper sat
theirout erends.
 Pr oper l
yspacedhav i
ngr egar dt ot heconst r
ucti
onoft he
scaf f
ol dandoft her unway ,joistorr ailtr
ackonwhi cht he
scaf f
ol discar ri
ed.
4.Whencount erweight sar eusedwi thout rigger s,thi
s
counter weight sshall besecur elyfast enedt ot heout r
iggersand
shallnotbel esst hanf ourtimest het otal weightoft hescaf fold(it
s
weight+capaci ty).
5.Toav oidusi ngl argeamount sofcount er weight s(counterbalance)
thepar toft heout ri
ggeri nstall
edont her oofoft hebuildi
ngshal l
bemuchl ongert hanhangov erpar toft heout ri
ggerwher ethewi re
ropescar r
yingt hescaf foldwi l
lbeat tached.
6.Allwor kersusi ngsucht ypesofscaf foldsshal lbepr ovidedwi th
appropr i
atef allprotectionsy stem consi sti
ngofaf ul
lbodyhar ness,
l
any ard,shockabsor ber,ropegr abbingdev iceandl if
eli
ne( Seef ig.
#18) .

Fi
g.#18

7.Thepointsofsuspensi
onofev er
ysuspendedscaf
fol
dshal
lbean
adequatehori
zontaldi
stancef
rom t
hefaceofthebui
ldi
ngorot
her

23
 struct ure.
8.Ever yr unwayj oistandr ailtracksuppor tingasuspendedscaf f
old
shall be:
 Ofsui tabl eandsoundmat erial;
 Ofadequat est rengt hf ort hepur posef orwhi chi tisused.
 Fr eef rom pat entdef ect .
 Pr ov i
dedwi thadequat est opper sateachend; and
 Pr oper lysecur edt ot hebui l
ding.
9.Thesuspensi onr opesorchai nsofasuspendedscaf foldshal lbe:
 Secur elyat tachedt ot heout ri
gger sorot hersuppor tsandt o
theplat for mf ramewor kort oanyl i
fti
ngappl i
anceorot her
dev i
ceat tachedt her eto, ast hecasemaybe; and
 Kepti nt ensi on.
10. Wher ewi nchesar eusedwi thsuspendedscaf foldst he
suspensi onr opesshal l beofsuchal engt hthatt hel owestposi tion
atwhi cht hescaf f oldisi ntendedt obeused, ther ear enotl esst han
twot urnsofr oper emai ni ngoneachwi nchdr um andt hel engthof
eachr opeshal l becl ear l
ymar kedoni tswi nch.
11. Everypar tofasuspendedscaf f
ol d,andal lplantand
equipmentusedf ort hatpur poseshal l be: ofgoodconst ruction,
suitabl eandsoundmat er ial,andpr oper lymai nt ained, andwher e
const ruct edofmet al,fr
eef rom cor rosion.
12. Nowi reot hert hanwi rer opeshal lbeusedf ort her aising,
l
ower ingandsuspensi onofasuspendedscaf f old.onsuspended
scaf folds.
13. Thepl at form ofev er ysuspendedscaf foldshal l be:
 Cl earlyboar ded, plankedorpl ated;
 Beatl east60cm wi dei fusedasf ooti
ngonl yandnotf ort he
deposi tofanymat erial.
 Beatl east80cm wi dei fusedf ort hewor ker sanddeposi tof
mat erial.
 Beaccept abl eto43cm wi dei fitisusedaswoodenpassage.
14. Thespacebet weent hef aceoft hebui ldingorst ructureand
thepl at f
or m shal l notbemor et han30cm.
15. Allsuspendedscaf fol dsshal lbei nspect edbyat hi
rdpar ty
companyappr ov edbyt heconcer nedl ocal aut hor i
tiesandshal l
i
ssueat esti
ngcer ti
ficate, inspect i
onshal lber epeat edi ncase
therei sanyal t
er ationt ot hel ocat i
onoft hescaf fold, andanew
testingcer t
ificat eshal lbei ssued.

11-
1-6-
2 Cr adl
eScaff
olds:
Thi
stypeofscaf
fol
dshasonlyonewor
kingpl
atf
orm suspendedby

24
meansofext endedout ri
ggerbeamsf i
xedontheroofofthebui
lding.
Cradlesmaybe( travel
ing)i.
e.ablet
oberaisedorl
oweredandt r
av er
sed
hori
zontal
lyor(fi
xed)i.e.abl
eonl yt
oberaisedorl
owered.
Thistypeofscaffoldsforpainti
ngandwindowsandstonecleaningand
othersimi
laracti
viti
es.(Seefig.#19).

Fi
g.#19
11-
1-6-
3 Boat
swai
n’
sChai
rs,
Cages,Ski
pset
c.(
NotPowerOper
ated)
 :

1.Noboat swai n’schai r,cage, skiporsi mi l

arpl antorequi pment ,
notpowerdr ivenappl iance, shal lbeusedunl ess :
I tisofgoodconst ruction, suitableandsoundmat eri
al,
adequat est rengt h, fr
eef rom pat entdef ectandpr operl
y
andadequat elymai ntained.
 Theout ri
gger sorot hersuppor t
sar eofadequat estrengt h
andpr oper l
yinstal l
edandsuppor ted.
 Chai rs,r
opesandl i
fti
nggearar ef ir
ml ysecur edt othe
outrigger sandt ot hechai r,skip,et c.
 Sui tablemeansar epr ov i
dedt opr eventanyoccupant
fall
ingout .
I tisfreeofmat erialsorar ticlesliablet ointerferewi t
ht he
occupant ’shandhol dorf oot holdorot herwiseendanger
him.
 Sui tablemeasur esar et akent opr eventspi nningort ipping
i
namannerdanger oust oanyoccupant .
I nthecaseofanyski porot herr ecept acleitisatl east0.9x
1.15m deep.
I tsinstallati
onhasbeen, andi t
susei s,super visedbya

25
 competentperson.
2.Boatswain’
schair,cage,ski
porsi
mil
arpl
antorequipmentnot
poweroper at
ed,shallbeusedasaworki
ngplaceonlywhenthe
workwoul dnottakelongenoughtomakeuseofasuspended
scaf
foldreasonablypracti
cabl
e.

=========================================================

=========================================================

26