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English Phonetics and Phonology
English Phonetics and Phonology
Phonology
cween – queen
theef – thief
Why & Wherefores?
Diverse origins
Norman Invasion
William Caxton
ghost/ghastly
Why & Wherefores?
Diverse origins
Norman Invasion
William Caxton
Renaissence Reform
debt, salmon
Why & Wherefores?
Diverse origins
Norman Invasion
William Caxton
Renaissence Reform
abc stays, [eI bi: si:]
comes and goes
k k k
knight, freight, through
Why & Wherefores?
Diverse origins
Norman Invasion
William Caxton
Renaissence Reform
abc stays, [eI bi: si:]
comes and goes
Big home of English
f@"nE4Iks
D@ "sa~Undz @v %l{~Ngw@dZ@s
Branches of Phonetics
?
voicing
voiceless
place of articulation
bilabial
manner of
articulation
stop
Consonants
What consonants?
voiceless alveolar stop t
voiced bilabial nasal m
voiced palatal approximant j
voiceless palato-alveolar fricative S
voiced palato-alveolar affricate dZ
voiceless glottal stop ?
voiced velar stop g
voiced lateral alveolar approximant l
Describing Sounds: Vowels
Describing Sounds: Vowels
height
high
frontness
back
roundness
rounded
Vowels
What vowels?
low back unrounded vowel A
high back unrounded lax vowel U
high front unrounded tense vowel i
lower mid central unrounded vowel V
mid central unrounded vowel (schwa) @
lower mid back rounded vowel O
lower mid front unrounded vowel E
low front unrounded vowel {
Other Features
Diphthongs
Practice
sVm@raIzIN summarising
k@ntInju:@s continuous
frIk@tIv kA:ns@n@nts fricative consonants
D@ ju:nIv3:rs@4I the university
f@nA:l@dZi: i:z @ vErI Phonology is a very boring
bO:rIN sVbdZEkt subject
haU du: aI lVv ju: lEt How do I love you? Let me
mi: kaUnt D@ weIz count the ways.
Practice
saUndz sounds
INglIS English
lO:N @n SO:rt vaU@lz long and short vowels
foUt@gr{f photograph
f@tA:gr@f@` photographer
Di: aI pi: eI Iz @ f@nE4Ik The IPA is a phonetic
O:lf@b@t alphabet
D@ ju:naI4@d steIts @v The United States of
@mErIk@ America
Practice
hu:z wUdz Di:z A:r aI Whose woods these are I
TINk aI noU think I know
hIz haUs Iz In D@ vIlIdZ His house is in the village
DoU though
hI w@d nA:t si: mi: He would not see me
stA:pIN hI@` stopping here
t@ wA:tS hIz wUdz fIld To watch his woods filled
Vp wIT snoU up with snow
Homework
Hope is the thing with feathers
That perches in the souls
And sings the tunes without the words
And never stops at all
f@"nA: l@dZi
D@ "sa~Und %sIstm= @v "l{~Ngw@dZ
Phonology Overview
Phonology Overview
Phonology Analogy
Phoneme vs. Allophones
Phoneme vs. Allophones
Phonemes Allophones
Smallest audible units in a Manifestations of a
language phoneme
Contrastive Non-contrastive
/p/, /b/ [p], [p], [b]
Minimal pairs Complementary
distribution
Free variation
Allophones of a Phoneme
1 word
2 syllable syllable
3 ONSET RHYME
4 PEAK CODA
Syllable and Syllable Structure
ti:tS@r
ti: tS@r
PEAK CODA
t i: tS @ r
Syllable Structure
f@nEtIks
f@ nE tIks
peak coda
f @ n E t I ks
Practice
squirts skw3rts
ago @goU
students stud@nts
company kAmp@ni
phonology f@nAl@dZi
insanity Ins{n@ti
progressively pr@grEsIvli
irresponsibility ir@spAns@bIl@ti
Stress
THE WHITE HOUSE?
•● ●•
Practice
Given the following word: