Abed AO RI INGS WANALYSIS Theory and Programming Second Edition C S KRISHNAMOORTHYTata McGraw-Hill FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ‘Theory and Programming Second Edition Copyright © 1994, 1987, by Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. Seventeenth reprint 2007 RXXZRRXYRAQBZ No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any: means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior written permission of the publishers. The program listings (if any) may be entered, stored and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication. This edition can be exported from India only by the publishers, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. ISBN 0-07-462210-2 Published by the Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 7 West Patel Nagar, New Delhi 110 008 and printed at Adarsh Printers, Naveen Shahdara, Delhi 110 032.Contents Preface to the Second Edition vii Preface to the First Edition ix V Antradmetion dD Field conditi 1,2 Boundary conditions 2 1.3 Approximate solutions 4 References 18 Exercises 19 2 Basic Principles of Structural Mechanics 22 2.1 Equilibrium conditions 22 2.2 Strain-displacement relations 26 ve 2.4 Principle of virtual work 34 2.5 Energy principles 43 2.6 Application to finite element method 56 References 56 Exercises 57 3 Element Properties 63 3.1 Displacement models _64 3.2__Relation between the nodal degrees of freedom and generalised coordinates 66 3.3 Convergence requirements _67 3.4__Natural coordinate systems _69 3.5 Shape functions (Interpolation functions) 75 3.6 Element strains and stresses 96 38 Stati 7 References 105 Exercises 106