What is SVI?

SLUDGE VOLUME INDEX (SVI)

Sludge volume index is a common measurement that we use to
determine sludge quality. In wastewater treatment processes, a good
quality sludge will generally produce a good quality effluent. SVI takes
into consideration the mixed liquor suspended solids concentration
(MLSS) and the volume that a certain amount of sludge takes up.
Generally, a good quality sludge has an SVI in the range of 50-150
mL/gram.

SVI TEST PROCEDURE

The SVI test is very simple. It requires a 1000 mL graduated cylinder. Collect a gallon of sludge, mix
gently, and pour into the cylinder. After 30 minutes, record the volume to which the sludge settles.

SVI CALCULATION

INTERPRETING RESULTS
The higher the SVI, the slower the sludge settles. If the sludge is settling too slow, this can result in loss
of suspended solids over the clarifier weirs. If the SVI settles too quickly, and the SVI is <50 this can be
due to pin floc, which is commonly (but not always) caused by old sludge. It is recommended to perform
the SVI test every day. It is beneficial to determine the SVI for 30 minute as well as occasionally for 60
minute settling. The majority of the settling should occur within the first 30 minutes. If there is a change
in your SVI, it is recommended to perform a microscopic evaluation to determine the cause. It is also
useful to leave the settled sludge in the container and observe if there is a rise time, in which the sludge
floats. This indicates denitrification. If the rise time is <2 hours, there is risk of floating sludge in the
clarifier and steps need to be taken to reduce nitrate, BOD, and increase oxygen going into the clarifier.