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The Problem and Its Background: Microcontroller Based BMI Calculator
The Problem and Its Background: Microcontroller Based BMI Calculator
The Problem and Its Background: Microcontroller Based BMI Calculator
Chapter 1
1.1 Introduction
Body Mass Index (BMI) can approximately calculate the total fats of the
person present in the body. It is based on the two variables such as the height
and the weight of the person. The most common way of calculatingit is by
or inches. Present BMI calculators are based on the BMI-for-age chart that
contains the height, the weight, and the age brackets in determining the
internet. This requires the height and the weight of the user, and some asks for
age and gender too. After filling up the informations needed, just click the
calculate button and then the BMI will be determined. To find out the BMI
chart wherein the range of the designated category will be based. Because of
Monitor Display. The system was designed to get the accurate height and weight
of the user and automatically calculate the BMI with the help of the
microcontroller. All the data will be saved in the database and could also be
printed.
accumulation that may damage health. Body mass index (BMI) is a simple index
of weight-for-height that is commonly used to classify the two. The World Health
worldwide obesity has nearly doubled since 1980.In 2008, more than 1.4 billion
adults, 20 and older, were overweight. Of these, over 200 million men and nearly
300 million women were obese. Sixty five percent of the world's population living
in countries where overweight and obesity kills more people than underweight.
More than 40 million children under the age of 5 were overweight or obese in
2012.These two are the leading risks for global deaths. Around 3.4 million adults
die each year as a result of being overweight or obese. In addition, 44% of the
diabetes burden, 23% of the heart disease burden and between 7% and 41% of
Institute (FNRI) showed that 22.3% of Filipino adults were overweight, and 6.1%
were obese. The FNRI-DOST also stated that the problem of obesity was
According to the World Health Organization, obesity kills 2.8 million people
according to FNRI-DOST.
based BMI calculator with Database and Monitor Display,126 TUPT students as
male students. Normal weight percentage for female students was 61.91% only
was 28.57% while 15.25% for male. Underweight and obese class1 for women
With those collected informations,it only shows that most people are not
persons to monitor the BMI and its classification. This will also benefit the users
to be more aware of possible health diseases that can lead to death because of
language.
2. To create a database that will add, updateand save the data for
monitoring purposes.
University Clinic. This study can help the University Clinic by providing a
device that can accurately measure the height and the weight of a student,
automatically calculate the BMI of the user, and easily determine the body status.
Professors. This study can help the Physical Education Professors by providing
equipment that can automatically calculate the BMI of a freshman student during
PE1 subject.
Students.This study can help students who are health conscious to monitor their
1.5.1 Scope:
3. The data from the weighing scale and ultrasonic sensor will be sent to
the microcontroller where the calculation of BMI takes place and the
4. The calculated data will be stored in the database and can be viewed
7. There will be a picture in the program that will show the user’s image.
10. The printed data will have a recommendation message based on the
BMI classification.
11. The collected data will be stored in the archive after a year.
1.5.2 Delimitation:
2. The maximum weight that the load cell can measure is up to 770
3. The device is not applicable for people who cannot stand alone.
Chapter 2
2.1.1BMI Calculation
Adolph Queteletin the 19th century. According to his index, BMI is calculated by
Before 1980, physicians were generally using tables forweight and height
estimations and there were different charts formen and women with incorporated
ranges of body weightsfor height in inches. But these tables were imperfect as
height and weight is calculatedautomatically with the help of formula and the data
is thenautomatically fed in the computer which shows the BMI ofthe person on
Current formula:
New formula:
The numbers 1.3 and 5734 are designed to make the BMI reading
unchanged for an adult of average height.The change means that some tall
proposed formula, and some short people who were "normal" are now
"overweight".
The BMI-for-age charts for boys and girls aged 2 to 20 years are a major
addition to the new CDC Pediatric Growth Charts. The recommended BMI-for-
age cut-offs for teens according to Himes and Dietz (1994) are:
Overweight rather than obesity is the term preferred for describing children
BMI-for-age.The cut-off for underweight of less than the 5th percentile is based
For adults, BMI is not age or gender specific and the classification of
adults, overweight and underweight categories are defined by fixed BMI cut-
points. Clinical guidelines established in 1998 by the National Heart, Lung, and
(PASOO) with the FNRI and other medical societies conducted a national survey
to assess the applicability of the BMI cut-off points for Asians among Filipino
adults. With the study, it was determined that the temporary BMI cut-off for
overweight among Filipino men and women is 23 kg/m2, while the cut-off for
obesity is 27 kg/m2.
a. Load Cell
When force is applied to a load cell, it converts the force into an electrical signal.
Load cells are also known as load transducers because they convert a
load (force) into electrical signals.This electrical signal can be a voltage change,
current change or frequency change depending on the type of load cell and
circuitry used.
b. Ultrasonic Sensor
beyond the upper range of human hearing called the audible range ( 20 hertz to
20 kilohertz), and determines the distance between the sensor and an object
based on the time it takes to send the signal and receive the echo.
measurement, etc.
readily reflect ultrasonic waves, such as metal, plastic and glass. This enables
the sensor to give an accurate reading at a greater distance from the object in
front of it. However, when the sensor is placed in front of an object that readily
absorbs ultrasonic waves, such as fiber material, the sensor must move closer to
the object to give an accurate reading. The angle of the object also has an
impact on the accuracy of the reading, with a flat surface at a right angle to the
sensor offering the longest sensing range. This accuracy decreases with a
2.1.4 Microcontroller
reducing the size and cost compared to a design that uses a separate
a. Arduino Programming
platform application written in Java, and is derived from the IDE for
development. Arduino programs are written in C or C++. The Arduino IDE comes
b. C++ language
is derived from the C language; it has object-oriented feature which allows the
programmer to create objects within the code. This makes programming easier
and more efficient. Because of the power and flexibility of the language, most
software programs today are written in C++. The main highlight of C++ is a
collection of pre-defined classes, which are data types that can be initiated
multiple times.
c. Gizduino X
ATMEGA1280 used in Arduino Mega board. This kit offers 54 I/Os, 1 hardware
SPI, 2 hardware UART, not to mention its large memory capacities: 128K
Figure 2.5Gizduino X
2.1.5 Database
databases contain multiple tables, which may each include several different
fields. For example, a company database may include tables for products,
employees, and financial records. Each of these tables would have different
Nearly all e-commerce sites use database to store product inventory and
DBMS), such as Microsoft Access, FileMaker Pro, or MySQL as the "back end"
to the website. By storing website data in a database, the data can be easily
searched, sorted, and updated. This flexibility is important for e-commerce sites
Early databases were relatively "flat," which means they were limited to
databases allow users to access, update, and search information based on the
relationship of data stored in different tables. Relational databases can also run
queries that involve multiple databases. While early databases could only store
text or numeric data, modern databases also let users store other data types
Framework and the common language runtime with the productivity benefits that
visual controls. Visual Basic provides a graphical user interface GUI that allows
the developer to drag and drop objects into the program as well as manually
language (SQL), which is used for adding, removing, and modifying information
in the database. Standard SQL commands, such as ADD, DROP, INSERT, and
UPDATE can be used with MySQL. MySQL can be used for a variety of
applications, but is most commonly found on Web servers. A website that uses
MySQL may include Web pages that access information from a database. These
pages are often referred to as dynamic.Websites that use dynamic Web pages
paper, or thermal paper as it is commonly known, when the paper passes over
the thermal print head. The coating turns black in the areas where it is heated,
producing an image. Two-colour direct thermal printers can print both black and
heated pins to "burn" images onto heat-sensitive paper. These printers are
commonly used in calculators and fax machines; and although they are
inexpensive and print relatively fast, they produce low resolution print jobs.
3.3V-5V TTL serial output from the microcontroller to print text, barcodes, bitmap
graphics, even a QR code. Easy to use with Arduino board, just connect the
2.2.1Foreign Studies:
LCD Display
This study was conducted by Burhanuddin Ismail, Syed Fahad Akbar Ali
and Ali AsgharAyaz on April 2012.The aim of the project was to design
display, which calculates the body mass indexusing the two basic parameters
person. The weight of the person iscalculated in kilograms and the height in
useful device when itcomes to controlling your weight and maintaining a healthy
lifestyle. The calculated weight of the person through load cell converts the
mechanical force into electrical signals that can beeasily obtain after processing
object or person and height is then calculated bymultiplying the speed of the
ultrasound signal and the time takenby the it to return back to the sensor.
which playsa major role in alerting the risk of diseases due to overweight. The
proposed system notonly shows the calculated value through LCD display but
BMI stands for “Body Mass Index,” a ratio between weight and height. BMI
is astandard “tool” for helping you judge your body weight and the amount of
body fat youhave. Carrying excess body fat, not muscle, puts you at greater risk
fromthe load cell and ultrasonic sensor are processed to calculate the BMI. The
Delivery 3~15days
Body Mass Index (BMI), blood pressure and body fat percentage and it will just
take the user less than five minutes to measure everything.After all the
April 2014.
Monitor Display
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is used for measuring the human body
shaped on an individual’s mass and height and the proportionality of it. The study
was all about measuring Body Mass Index automatically with the help of a
will measure the height, weight, and calculated BMI once the user stepped on the
prototype. The data from the microcontroller will be saved in the database. The
project used ultrasonic sensor to be able to determine the height, load cell to get
the weight and a microcontroller to calculate the Body Mass Index of the user.
The ultrasonic sensor can measure a maximum of 2 meters while the load cell
2.3 Synthesis
the recent BMI calculator. With this proposal, BMI calculation will be more
convenient to the users. This project will measure the height and the weight of
the user, automatically calculate the BMI and easily determine the BMI
classification. After the system calculates the data, there will be a notrification
through buzzer that will be activated if it detects that the user is in the
The formula to be used in computing the BMI will be the proposed formula
by Nick Trefethen. The weight sensor to be used is a load cell with a maximum
capacity of 350 kilograms while the height will be measured using an ultrasonic
sensor with a 3cm to 400 cm distance range. And the microcontroller to be used
This project will also have a database that will provide the storage of the
data. This will also help an individual to monitor their health status. This project
doesn’t need the help of the internet and can be utilize conveniently anytime.The
database will include user’s personal information and picture. The unit of
measurements will be both in Metric and English system. The collected data can
also be printed for the user to have a copy of the BMI result with a
Knowledge:
Ideas about the
Citation of Problem
existing related
studies.
Microcontroller
basic principle of
operation. Data Gathering
Ultrasonic
sensor and load
cell basic
principle of Microcontroller
operation. Design
Outsourcing
Hardware:
CPU Adjustments BMI
Monitor
Keyboard
Mouse Calculator
Load Cell Testing and Evaluation
Height sensor
Gizduino X
(microcontroller)
Is the prototype No
Software:
functioning well?
C++
VB.Net
Yes
My SQL
Project Implementation
person present in the bodybased on their body weight and stature height.
Load cells are also known as load transducers because they convert a
beyond the upper range of human hearing called the audible range ( 20
hertzto 20 kilohertz), and determines the distance between the sensor and
an object based on the time it takes to send the signal and receive the
echo.
software development easy and efficient, while still being powerful enough
Chapter 3
RESEARCH DESIGN
Printer
Function
buttons
Height
sensor
Database
Weighing scale
Diagram 3.1 Process Flow Diagram of the MCU Based BMI Calculator
automatically and will be stored in a database. To begin the process, the user
needs to register or input personal information including name, age, and gender
in the User Information. Then the user has to push the start button. As the user
stepon the machine the weighing scale and the height sensor make it possible to
from the load cell and the height sensor are processed to calculate the BMI. The
calculated BMI is displayed on the monitor screen and stored in the database
monitors the BMIvalue and judges whether the user is normal, but if the user is
either obese, overweight or underweight, the system will give an alert through
buzzer.
All the data gathered like the height, weight, BMI and BMI classification of
the user can be documented with the aid of the thermal printerwitha
DATA
LOAD CELL
BASE
M
I
START C
R
HEIGHT SENSOR O BUZZER
C
O
N
T
R LEDs
O
L
L
E
R PRINTER
The initial component of the diagram is the start button; when being
pressed, the load cell and the ultrasonic sensor will automatically detect the
height and the weight of the user. All the data will be transferred to the
computation, the data willbetransferred to the database and will be stored. When
the system detects that the user is in the underweight, overweight, or obese
classification, the buzzer will be activated and the corresponding LED indicator
1.2ft
1.0ft
1.0ft
1.0ft
1.2ft
7.0ft
2.3ft
2.0ft
1.3ft
1.3ft
1.3ft
1.5ft
Height sensor
Weight sensor
The intended design for the system is made up of stainless steel. The
height sensor will be placed on top while the weight sensor at the bottom. The
length of the holder of the ultrasonic sensor will be 1.2 ft. The base carrying the
3.2.4 Instrumentation
small weighing platforms as well as electronic scales and weighing systems. The
load cell will weigh within the tolerance regardless of the load application point.
This is dual transducer device and best in 30 degrees angle. It has a supply
400cm.
ATMEGA1280 used in Arduino Mega board. This kit offers 54 I/Os, 1 hardware
SPI, 2- hardware UART, not to mention its large memory capacities: 128K
Figure 3.5Gizduino X
and a minimum 2Gb for the RAM, 120Gb for the hard drive, DVD-RW for the
optical drive, 10/100 MBPS for wired network card and a 802.11B/G compatible
e. Thermal Printer – is also known as receipt printer. This printer is ideal for
interfacing with a microcontroller, simply need a 3.3V-5V TTL serial output from
Easy to use with Arduino board, just connect the Serial interface (RX, TX).
3.2.4.2Software Components
and upload it to the I/O board. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The
environment is written in Java and based on Processing, avr-gcc, and other open
source software.
Framework and the common language runtime with the productivity benefits that
combines BASIC functions and commands with visual controls. Visual Basic
provides a graphical user interface GUI that allows the developer to drag and
drop objects into the program as well as manually write program code.
language (SQL), which is used for adding, removing, and modifying information
in the database. Standard SQL commands, such as ADD, DROP, INSERT, and
Description Price
Computer Set 15,000
Thermal Printer 2,100
Stainless Steel 4,000
Load Cell 1,800
Gizduino X 1,090
Ultrasonic Sensor 350
Miscellaneous 3,000
Total 27,340
PROJECT STUDY 1
STEP PROCEDURE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 Title Research
2 Brain Storming
3 Data Gathering
Documentation
4 and Revision
(Chapter 1)
Documentation
5 and Revision
(Chapter 2)
Documentation
6 and Revision
(Chapter 3)
Pre-canvassing
7
of materials
8 Title Defense
Proponents:
ALINSUNORIN
ALONZO
10 Project Defense
Proponents:
ALINSUNORIN
ALONZO
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Theses/ Dissertations
Burhanuddin Ismail, Syed Fahad Akbar Ali and Ali AsgharAyaz. (April 2012).
2014).
Websites
modules/module1
[4]Load Cells - Loadstar Sensors (2014) Load Cell Retrieved (October 2014)
from http://www.loadstarsensors.com/what-is-a-load-cell.html
[5]A&D Company, Limited (2014) Load Cell Retrieved (October 2014) from
http://www.aandd.jp/products/weighing/loadcell/introduction/loadcells_qa_01.html
[6]Wesley Stephenson (January 29 2013). BMI: Does the Body Mass Index need
21229387
[7]Jumbo Dumbo Thoughts ( June 15, 2014). On the Overweight and Obese: 1 in
4 Filipino adults are overweight, 1 in 20 are obese Retrieved (October 2014) from
http://www.jumbodumbothoughts.com/2014/06/obesity-ihme.html
[8]Jonathan Marker (July 28, 2014) How Do Ultrasonic Sensors Work? Retrieved
sensors-work.html
from http://www.e-gizmo.com/KIT/gizDuino%20X.html
http://www.techterms.com/definition/visualbasic
http://www.techterms.com/definition/mysql
popular-IPR-scale06-ultrasonic-height_478736894.html
fromhttp://www.crumpylicious.com/2011/06/five-peso-5-php-body-check-up-
machine.html