[CHAPTER 4 MATRICES AND SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS]

4.4 SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS WITH THREE VARIABLES

1. Solve the system of linear equation below using:

x  2y  z  5
a)  2x  3y  2z  1 (inverse matrix method)
x  3y  2z  2
x  2 y  3z  5
b) 7x  y  6z  3 (inverse matrix method)
 y  2z  7
x  3y  2z  1
c) 5 x  2 y  7 z  2 (Gauss Jordan Elimination method)
x  2y  z  2
 2x  3y  4z  1
d) 2 x  2 y  3z  2 (Gauss Jordan Elimination method)
x  2 y  2 z  3

2. Form a system of linear equation from each of the following information and write the
system in the form of matrix equation.

a) Ben’s Hamburger Palace sells singles and doubles. Towards the end of the
evening Ben himself noticed that he had on hand only 32 patties and 34 slices of
tomatoes. A single takes 1 patty and 2 slices of tomatoes, and a double takes 2
patties and 1 slice of tomatoes.

b) Arissa wants to determine the weights of her two cats, Mimi and Nini. However
neither cat will sit on the scale by herself. Arissa, Mimi, and Nini altogether
weigh 175 pounds. Arissa and Mimi together weigh 143 pounds. Arissa and Nini
together weigh 139 pounds.

c) A manufacturer produces three types of desks: custom, deluxe, and regular. Each
custom desk requires 12 hours to cut and assemble, and 5 hours to finish. Each
deluxe desk requires 10 hours to cut and assembles, and 3 hour to finish; each
regular desk requires 6 hours to cut and assemble, and 1 hour to finish. On a daily
basis, the manufacturer has available 440 worker hours for cutting and

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assembling, and 120 hours for finishing. The manufacturer produced a total of 54
desks on Monday.

d) Amir, Boon, and Chandra studied a total of 93 hours last week. Amir’s and
Boon’s study time totaled only one-half as much as Chandra’s. Amir studied 3
hours more than Boon.

3. Three inlet pipes A, B, and C can be used to fill 1000m 3 water storage tank. When all
three pipes are in operation, the tank can be filled in 10 hours. When only pipes A and B
are used, the time increases to 20 hours. With pipe A and C, the tank can be filled in 12.5
hours. By using Gauss Jordan Elimination method, find the individual flow rate (in m 3
/hour) for each of the three pipe.

4. Sabri, Firdaus and Hafizul bought tickets for three separate performance. The table below
shows the number of tickets bought by each of them

Concert Orchestral Opera

Sabri 2 1 1

Firdaus 1 1 1

Hafizul 2 2 1

a) If the total cost for Sabri is RM 122, for Firdaus RM 87, and Hafizul RM 146,
represent this information in the form of linear equations
b) Find cost per ticket of each performance using inverse matrix method
c) Determine how much it would cost if their friend, Hanafi whishes to purchase 2
concert ticket, 1 orchestral and 3 opera tickets.

5. A factory produces three types of nuts, namely kacang kuda, kacang botak, and kacang
parang. The profit from 1 kg of kacang kuda, 1 kg of kacang botak, and 2 kg of kacang

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[CHAPTER 4 MATRICES AND SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS]

parang is RM9. The profit from 1 kg of kacang botak and 1 kg of kacang parang is
RM3. The profit from 1 kg of kacang botak, and 3 kg of kacang parang is equal to the
profit from 1 kg of kacang kuda. If x, y and z represent the profit from 1 kg of kacang
kuda, 1 kg of kacang botak, and 1 kg of kacang parang respectively, write a matrix
equation to represent the information above. Hence, determine the profit from 1 kg of
kacang kuda, 1 kg of kacang botak, and 1 kg of kacang parang.

6. In a charity golf tournament, there are three types of souvenirs on sale. The souvenirs are
key chains, T-shirts and caps. A company ordered two types of packages which contains
these souvenirs. The cost of Package A which contains three key chains, two T-shirts and
a cap is RM106 whereas the cost of Package B which contains on key chain, two T-shirts
and two caps is RM112. The cost of a cap is three times the cost of a key chain.
If and denote the cost of a key chain, a T-shirt, and a cap respectively, obtain a matrix
equation to represent the information above. Determine the cost of each souvenirs item.
The selling price of each package of the souvenirs is RM150. If the profit from the sale of a
cap is RM10, find the profit from the sale of a key chain and a T-shirt respectively.

SUGGESTED ANSWER

4.4 SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS WITH THREE VARIABLES

7 23 52
1. (a) x y z
21 21 21
(b) x  2 y  1 z  3
(c) x2 y  1 z  2
(d) x3 y  5 z  2

x  y  z  175
x  2 y  32
2. (a) (b) x  y  143
2 x  y  34
x  z  139

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x  y  z  54 x  y  z  93 x  y  z  93
1
(c) 12 x  10 y  6 z  440 (d) x  y  z or 2x  2 y  z  0
2
5 x  3 y  z  120 x3 y x  y  3

3. A = 30, B = 20, C = 50

2 x  y  z  122
4. (a) x  y  z  87
2 x  2 y  2 z  146
(b) concert = RM35 orchestral = RM24 Opera = RM28
(c) RM178

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5 Solution
Let
x = the price per concert’s ticket
y = the price per orchestral’s ticket
z = the price per opera’s ticket

(a) The three equations are:

2 x  y  z  122  2 1 1122 
x  y  z  87  
1 1 1 87 
2 x  2 y  z  146  2 2 1146 
(b) Form the augmented matrix from the equations in (a) and use G-J elimination method
to find the value for x, y and z.
 2 1 1122 
 
1 1 1 87  R1  R2
 2 2 1146 

1 1 1 87 
  R1*  2 R1  R2
  2 1 1 122 
R3 *  2 R1  R3
 2 2 1 146 

1 1 1 87 
  R2 *  1R2
 0 1 1 52 
R3 *  1R3
0 0 1 28 
1 1 1 87 
 
 0 1 1 52  R2 *   R3  R2
0 0 1 28  R1*   R3  R1

1 1 0 59 
  R1*  R2  R1
 0 1 0 24 
 0 0 1 28 
1 0 0 35 
   x = 35
 0 1 0 24 
 y = 24
 0 0 1 28   z = 28
(b) Therefore the cost
for concert : RM 35 per ticket
for orchestral : RM 24 per ticket
for opera : RM 28 per ticket

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(c) The amount Hassan has to pay for the tickets if he purchase 2 concert, 1 orchestral
and 3 opera tickets = 2(35) + 1(24) + 3(28) = RM 178.00

6 A factory produces three types of nuts, namely kacang kuda, kacang botak, and kacang
parang. The profit from 1 kg of kacang kuda, 1 kg of kacang botak, and 2 kg of kacang
parang is RM9. The profit from 1 kg of kacang botak and 1 kg of kacang parang is RM3.
The profit from 1 kg of kacang botak, and 3 kg of kacang parang is equal to the profit from
1 kg of kacang kuda. If x, y and z represent the profit from 1 kg of kacang kuda, 1 kg of
kacang botak, and 1 kg of kacang parang respectively, write a matrix equation to represent
the information above. Hence, determine the profit from 1 kg of kacang kuda, 1 kg of
kacang botak, and 1 kg of kacang parang.

Solution ,
Let ;
x = the profit from 1 kg of kacang kuda
y = the profit from 1 kg of kacang botak
z = the profit from 1 kg of kacang parang
 x  y  2z  9
yz 3
y  3z  x

x  y  2z  9
2( y  z )  2(3)
 x  y  3z  0

 1 1 2  x   9 
    
 0 2 2  y    6 
 1 1 3  z   0 
    
F X  C

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FX  C
F 1 FX  F 1C
IX  F 1C
X  F 1C

 4 1 2  9 
1  
 X   2 5 2  6 
6  
 2 2 2  0 
 x  30   5 
  1   
 y   6  12    2 
z  6  1
     

Therefore x = 5, y = 2, z =1
Thus
The profit from 1 kg of kacang kuda = RM5
The profit from 1 kg of kacang botak = RM,
The profit from 1 kg of kacang parang = RM1

7 In a charity golf tournament, there are three types of souvenirs on sale. The souvenirs are key
chains, T-shirts and caps. A company ordered two types of packages which contains these
souvenirs. The cost of Package A which contains three key chains, two T-shirts and a cap is
RM106 whereas the cost of Package B which contains on key chain, two T-shirts and two
caps is RM112. The cost of a cap is three times the cost of a key chain.
If and denote the cost of a key chain, a T-shirt, and a cap respectively, obtain a matrix
equation to represent the information above. Determine the cost of each souvenirs item.
The selling price of each package of the souvenirs is RM150. If the profit from the sale of a
cap is RM10, find the profit from the sale of a key chain and a T-shirt respectively.
Solution ;
Let ;
x = the cost of a key chain
y = the cost of a T-shirt
z = the cost of a cap

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 3 x  2 y  z  106
x  2 y  2 z  112
z  3x

 3 2 1  x  106 
    
 1 2 2  y   112 
 3 0 1 z   0 
    
G X  C

GX  C
1
G GX  G 1C
IX  G 1C
1
X  G 1C  HC
2

 2 2 2  106 
1  
 X   7 6 5  112 
2  
 6 6 4   0 
 x  12   6 
  1   
 y   2  70    35 
z  36   18 
     

Hence, x = 6, y = 35, z =18

Therefore,
The cost of a key chain = RM6,
The cost of a T-shirt = RM35,
The cost of a cap = RM18

Let,
Selling price of a key chain = X,
Selling price of a T-shirt = Y,
Selling price of a cap = Z

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The selling price of each package = RM150.

The profit from the sale of a cap = RM10,

Then its selling price = RM28 because the cost of a cap is RM18

So… Z = 28

So, using the selling price of Package A which contains three key chains, two T-shirts and a cap
= RM150

3X + 2Y + Z = 150
3X + 2Y + (28) = 150
3X + 2Y = 122 ….. (1)

And, using the selling price of Package B which contains a key chain, two T-shirts and two caps
= RM150

X + 2Y + 2Z = 150
X + 2Y + 2(28) = 150
X + 2Y = 94 …..(2)

So, (1) & (2)…

3X + 2Y = 122
X + 2Y = 94
2X = 28

Therefore, X = 14 , Y = 40

The profit sale of a key chain

= RM14 – RM6 = RM8

The profit sale of a T-shirt

= RM40 – RM35 = RM5

8 Solve the following system of equations using the Gauss- Jordan Elimination method
x  3 y  z  12
x yz 0
2 x  y  z  8

Solution

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First, we form the augmented matrix, and then begin applying the elementary row operation to
reduce the augmented matrix to form a Reduced Augmented Matrix (RAM).
1 3 1  12
  Augmented matrix
1 1 1 0 
2 1 1  8 
1 3 1 12 
  R2 *   R1  R2
 1 1 1 0 
 2 1 1 8 
1 3 1 12 
  R3 *  2 R1  R3
 0 4 0 12 
 2 1 1 8 
1 3 1  12
  1
 0 4 0 12  R2 *  R2
0 5 4
1 16 
1 3 1  12 
 
 0 1 0 3  R3  5R2  R3
0 5 1 16 
1 3 1  12 
  R3 *   R3
 0 1 0 3 
0 0 1 1 
1 3 1  12 
 
 0 1 0 3  R1*  3R2  R1
0 0 1 1 
1 0 1  3
 
 0 1 0 3  R1*   R3  R1
0 0 1 1 
1 3 1  12 
 
 0 1 0 3 
0 0 1 1 
Therefore the solution is consistent or unique, with x  2 , y  3 and z  1

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