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Mathematics For Biological Sciences: Mathematicsforbiologicalsciences
Mathematics For Biological Sciences: Mathematicsforbiologicalsciences
Biological Science
Volume 18 Issue 1 Version 1.0 Year 2018
Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal
Publisher: Global Journals
Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896
MathematicsforBiologicalSciences
© 2018. Vitthalrao B. Khyade & Hanumant V. Wanve. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non
commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Mathematics for Biological Sciences
Vitthalrao B. Khyade α & Hanumant V. Wanve σ
Abstract- Mathematical science and Biological sciences are mathematical tools to study biological systems.
interdisciplinary approaches in the field of scientific research. According to Longo and Soto (2016) and Montévil, et al
Both of them deserve a wide range of applications. The study (2016), even though the two terms “Mathematical
of mathematics for biology is sometimes called mathematical Biology” and “Theoretical Biology” are sometimes
biology or biomathematics to stress the mathematical side, or
interchanged, the concept remains one and the same.
theoretical biology to stress the biological side. One can derive
the quantitative genetics through consideration of infinitesimal
The sole aim of “Mathematical Biology” is mathematical
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effects at a large number of gene loci, together with the representation, treatment and modeling process
assumption of linkage equilibrium or quasi-linkage equilibrium. expected in Biology. This is achiecved through using
Year
Ronald Fisher made The intensive work on fundamental techniques and tools of applied mathematics.
advances in statistics (Example: Analysis of Variance) belong “Mathematical Biology” has both theoretical and
to Ronald Fisher. This achievement by Ronald Fisher was practical applications in research in the fields of biology, 651
through his work on quantitative genetics. The phylogenetics is biomedical science and biotechnology. The biology use
one more important branch of population genetics that led to
M
athematical and theoretical biology are the growth” The Mathematical Biology argued that
interdisciplinary scientific research fields with a population growth would be "geometric" while resources
range of their applications. The branch is (the environment's carrying capacity) could only grow
sometimes called “Mathematical Biology” or arithmetically (Mallet James, 2001).
“Biomathematics” to stress the mathematical side. It One founding text is considered to be “On
may also called as “Theoretical Biology” to stress the Growth and Form” (1917) by D'Arcy Thompson ( Ian
biological side. The “Theoretical Biology” use to focus Stewart, 1998), and other early pioneers include Ronald
more on the development of theoretical principles for Fisher, Hans Leo Przibram, Nicolas Rashevsky and Vito
biology. “Mathematical Biology” focuses on the use of Volterra (Evelyn Fox Keller, 2002).
1960 is the year which shows rapid growth of
Author α: Sericulture Unit, Malegaon Sheti Farm, Agricultural the “Interest in Bio-mathematics”.
Development Trust Baramati, Shardanagar, (Malegaon Khurd) Post Box Followings are some possible reasons for rapid
No - 35, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India. growth of the “Interest in Bio-mathematics”:
e-mail: vbkhyade.2016@gmail.com
Author σ: Head, Department of Mathematics Shardabai Pawar Mahila • The genomics, the newly launched area made rich
Mahavidyalaya, Shardanagar, Tal. Baramati, Dist. Pune – 413115, India. collection of the data in the form of “Information”.
The genomics revolution is difficult to understand correlates the mathematics and biology through the
without the use of mathematical analytical tools. study areas such as analysis of variance, via his work on
• The chaos theory and the other recent development quantitative genetics. Phylogenetics is another important
of tools in mathematical analysis to help to learn branch of population genetics. It lead to the extensive
complex, non-linear mechanisms in biology. development of coalescent theory is phylogenetics.
• The calculations and the simulations were not Phylogenetics is dealing with the reconstruction and
possible before the computer era. The computers analysis of phylogenetic (or evolutionary) trees and
made increase in computing power. The computers networks based on inherited characteristics (Charles
allowed calculations and simulations not previously Semple, 2003). Traditional population genetic models is
possible. dealing with alleles and genotypes, and are frequently
• An increasing interest in in silico experimentation stochastic.
due to ethical considerations, risk, unreliability and According to population genetics models,
other complications involved in human and animal population sizes are constant. The variable sizes of the
2018
and molecular biology”. Mechanics of biological tissues make assumptions about the nature of what may occur
(Ray Ogden, 2004). (Noe, et al, 2017).
Due to the recent significant modifications in
• Theoretical enzymology and enzyme kinetics
performance, the computer accelararetes the model
• Cancer modelling and simulation Oprisan, et al , simulation based on various formulas. The Bio-Math-
2006) Modeler websites can carry out simulations and display
• Modelling the movement of interacting cell charts interactively on browser. The earlier phases of
populations (Wolkenhauer, 2004) mathematical-biology was dominated by mathematical-
• Mathematical modelling of scar tissue formation biophysics. The mathematical-biophysics described as
• Mathematical modelling of intracellular dynamics the application of mathematics in biophysics. It is
(Kuznetsov andAvramenko, 2009). generally, involving specific physical or mathematical
• Mathematical modelling of the cell cycle (Noe, et al, models of systems, components or compartments in
biosystems.
2018
2017)
• Modelling of arterial diseas cycle (Noe, et al, 2017) VI. Biological Organization
Year
• Multi-scale modelling of the hear cycle (Noe, et al,
2017) The aim of theoretical approaches to biological
organization is to understand the interdependence 671
• Modelling electrical properties of muscle
between the parts in the body of organisms. These
interactions, as in bidomain and monodomain
the nuclear material and ctoplasmic material are mixed (IV) Establishment of Mathematical Equation (may be in
with each other. The the cell cycle in prokaryotes is the form of diffedrential equation). For example: The
divided into the the periods, may be entitled: Period: rate kinetics for stoichiometric reactions, Michaelis-
“B”, Period: “C”, and Period: “D” periods. The Period: Menten kinetics for enzyme substrate reactions and
“B” extend from the end of cell division to the beginning Goldbeter–Koshland kinetics for ultrasensitive
of replication of DNA. The replication of DNA occurs transcription factors.
during the Period: “C”. The Period: “D” refers to the (V) Fitting the parameters of the equations (rate
stage between the end of the replication of DNA and constants, enzyme efficiency coefficients and
the splitting of the bacterial cell into two daughter cells Michaelis constants). This is to match observations.
(Michael P Barnett, 2005). In eukaryotes, the cell is with When they cannot be fitted, the kinetic equation is
a nucleus. The eukaryotic the cell cycle is divided into revised and when that is not possible the wiring
three periods or phases: interphase (I), the mitotic (M) diagram is modified.
phase and cytokinesis (C). During interphase (I), there is (VI) Validation of the equation using observations of
2018
growth of cell. The cell is accumulating nutrients needed both, in laboratory readings and field readings.
Year
for the cell division. There is preparation of cell itself for For the purpose to fit the parameters, the
cell-division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic differential equations must be studied. This can be done
1
68 (M) phase, the chromosomes duplicate and separate. either through simulation or through analysis. In a
During the final stage, cytokinesis (C), the simulation, there is calculation of progression of the
chromosomes separates followed by cytoplasmic
Global Journal of Science Frontier Research ( C ) Volume XVIII Issue I Version I
the mass cannot be reversed back through the mammary organogenesis from biological first
bifurcation event. The event of bifurcation is responsible principles: Cells and their physical constraints".
for making a checkpoint irreversible. In particular, in S Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. From
phase and M phase, the checkpoints are regulated by the Century of the Genome to the Century of the
means of special bifurcations called a Hopf bifurcation Organism: New Theoretical Approaches. 122 (1):
and an infinite period bifurcation. 58–69. doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.08.004.
3. Robeva, Raina; et al. ( 2010). "Mathematical Biology
IX. Conclusion Modules Based on Modern Molecular Biology and
Modern Discrete Mathematics". CBE Life Sciences
The study of mathematics for biology is
Education. The American Society for Cell Biology. 9
sometimes called mathematical biology or
(3): 227–240. doi: 10.1187/cbe.10-03-0019. PMC
biomathematics to stress the mathematical side, or
2931670 . PMID 20810955.
theoretical biology to stress the biological side. One can
4. Mallet, James (July 2001). "Mimicry: An interface
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derive the quantitative genetics through consideration of
between psychology and evolution". PNAS. 98 (16):
infinitesimal effects at a large number of gene loci,
Year
8928–8930. doi: 10.1073/pnas.171326298. PMC
together with the assumption of linkage equilibrium or
55348 . PMID 11481461.
quasi-linkage equilibrium. Ronald Fisher made The
5. Ian Stewart (1998), Life's Other Secret: The New
intensive work on fundamental advances in statistics 1
69
Mathematics of the Living World, New York: John
(Example: Analysis of Variance) belong to Ronald
Wiley, ISBN 978-0471158455.
www.GlobalJournals.org