Expt No 13: To Evaluate straightness and flatness using an autocollimator 1

1.
i. Metal Plate

Position Auto-collimator reading (sec) Difference from first Slope Differences Cumulative Values
reading (sec)
Reverse Forward Mean Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Vertical
Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Vertical
1st 0 60 192 60 96 60 0 0 0 0 0 0
2nd 60.5 120 307 120 183.75 120 87.75 60 0.212355 0.000513899 0.212355 0.21236
3rd 267 240 104 240 185.5 240 89.5 180 0.21659 0.000524148 0.428945 0.6413
4th 276.5 480 197 480 236.75 480 140.75 420 0.340615 0.000824288 0.76956 1.41086
5th 123.5 600 52 600 87.75 600 -8.25 540 -0.019965 -4.83153E- 0.749595 2.16046
05

Adjustment to Errors Adjustment to Errors from

bring both ends from bring both ends to straight line
to straight zero(Vertical)
zero(Horizontal) line 0 0
0 0 -0.540115 -0.32776
-0.18739875 0.0249563 -1.08023 -0.43893
-0.3747975 0.0541475 -1.620345 -0.209485
-0.56219625 0.2073638 -2.16046 -0
-0.749595 0
 Expt No 13: To Evaluate straightness and flatness using an autocollimator 2

ii. Wood

Position Auto-collimator reading (sec) Difference from first Slope differences Cumulative Values
reading (sec)
Reverse Forward Mean Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Vertical
Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Vertical
1st 0 480 399.5 480 199.75 480 0 0 0 0 0 0
2nd 373 390 318.5 390 345.75 390 146 -90 0.35332 -0.2178 0.35332 -0.2178
3rd 0 420 308.5 420 154.25 420 -45.5 -60 -0.11011 -0.1452 0.24321 -0.363
4th 284 420 593 420 438.5 420 238.75 -60 0.577775 -0.1452 0.820985 -0.5082
5th 264 450 348 480 306 465 106.25 -15 0.257125 -0.0363 1.07811 -0.5445
6th 194 540 326.5 570 260.25 555 60.5 75 0.14641 0.1815 1.22452 -0.363
7th 376.5 570 417.5 570 397 570 197.25 90 0.477345 0.2178 1.701865 -0.1452
8th 415.5 540 541.5 570 478.5 555 278.75 75 0.674575 0.1815 2.37644 0.0363
9th 425.5 510 396 540 410.75 525 211 45 0.51062 0.1089 2.88706 0.1452

Adjustment to Errors Adjustment to Errors from

bring both ends from bring both Straight
to Straight ends to Line
zero(Horizontal) Line zero(Vertical)
0 0 0 0
-0.36088 -0.00756 -0.01815 -0.23595
-0.72176 -0.47855 -0.0363 -0.3993
-1.08264 -0.26166 -0.05445 -0.56265
-1.44352 -0.36541 -0.0726 -0.6171
-1.8044 -0.57988 -0.09075 -0.45375
-2.16528 -0.46342 -0.1089 -0.2541
-2.52616 -0.14972 -0.12705 -0.09075
-2.88704 0 -0.1452 0
 Expt No 13: To Evaluate straightness and flatness using an autocollimator 3

Slope difference = 1 sec of arc × Difference from first reading

2
= × 500 mm × Difference from first reading
360  3600
=0.00242× Difference from first reading
 Expt No 13: To Evaluate straightness and flatness using an autocollimator 4

iii. Graph for metal

Metal Hoziontal
1

Cumulative Error
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Position

Form Straight line

Metal Horizontal
0.25

0.2

0.15
Errors

0.1

0.05

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Position
 Expt No 13: To Evaluate straightness and flatness using an autocollimator 5

Metal Vertical
2.5

Cumulative
1.5

0.5

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Posirion

Series1 Series2

Metal Vertical
0
-0.05 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

-0.1
-0.15
-0.2
Error

-0.25
-0.3
-0.35
-0.4
-0.45
-0.5
Position
 Expt No 13: To Evaluate straightness and flatness using an autocollimator 6

iv. Graph for wood

Wood Horizontal
3.5
3
2.5

Cumulative
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Position

Series1 Series2

Wood Horizontal
0.1

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-0.1

-0.2
Errors

-0.3

-0.4

-0.5

-0.6

-0.7
Position
 Expt No 13: To Evaluate straightness and flatness using an autocollimator 7

Wood Vertical
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Cumulative
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.6
Position

Series1 Series2

Wood Vertical
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-0.1

-0.2

-0.3
Error

-0.4

-0.5

-0.6

-0.7
Position
 Expt No 13: To Evaluate straightness and flatness using an autocollimator 8

2. Interpretation of graph:
For the metal part:
The graph shows that the metal is straight up to position 3 causing a slope and come back to its original shape. However there is a
small deviation from the mean line at the starting.

The vertical shows that the metal part consist of hollow surface at position 1 and 2

For the Wood:

Same interpretation as above- one sided deviation

3. Resolution: Vertical:0.5min Horizontal: 0.5 sec

Range: 30min, 20min (outside)
Resolution graticule: 0.5min
Resolution knob: 0.5 sec

4. To calibrate a dividing head: Print page;

Adjust the straightness of a bed

5. Alternate Method for straight edge:

For Measurement set up, the straightness reflector is mounted to a fixed position on the table even if it moves. The straightness
beam splitter should then be mounted in the spindle. If straightness measurements are taken on two axes, it is possible to assess
parallelism.
6. Issues:
Unable to take measurement at some positions as it was out of range.
Unable to ensure straight edged using the datum provided
More than one person adjusting the interval which causes deviation from the true value.
7. Difference:
In autocollimator readings are taken using a micrometer whereas in angle deckkor readings are taken at the intersection of the 2
scale.
Angle dekkor is used for short range angular measurements..
 Expt No 13: To Evaluate straightness and flatness using an autocollimator 9

8. Application in industries:
Used as a comparator to test manufactured part are under the required specs
Used to check the slopes of v-block in manufacturing companies