1.sistem Koordinat

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𝑑= 𝑥2 + 𝑦2

2 2
𝑑𝑖𝑗 = 𝑥𝑗 − 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 − 𝑦𝑖


• 𝑥 = 𝑟. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
• 𝑦 = 𝑟. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
• 𝑟= 𝑥2 + 𝑦2
𝑦
• 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑔−1
𝑥


 xP 
 
X P   yP 
z 
 P

•  

𝑥 = 𝑟. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜆
𝑦 = 𝑟. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜆
𝑧 = 𝑟. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑

𝑟= 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2
−1
𝑦
𝜆 = tan
𝑥
−1
𝑧
𝜑 = tan
𝑥2 + 𝑦2

𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 𝑧2
• + 2 =1
𝑎2 𝑏
𝑎−𝑏
• 𝑓=
𝑎
• 𝑒= 2𝑓 − 𝑓 2

 

a a
N 
1  e 2 sin 2  1  f (2  f ) sin 2 

1
X Y
2 2
Z  RN 
h  RN   arctan 1  e 2

2  RN  h 
cos  X Y 
2

Y
  arctan
X






𝑛 𝑆 cos 𝑚 cos 𝐴𝑧
𝑒 = 𝑆 cos 𝑚 sin 𝐴𝑧
ℎ 𝑆 sin 𝑚
𝑋𝐴 𝑛 𝑋1
𝑌𝐴 = 𝜆. 𝑅 𝐿1 , 𝐵1 𝑒 + 𝑌1
𝑍𝐴 ℎ 𝑍1

− sin 𝐿1 cos 𝐵1 − sin 𝐵1 cos 𝐿1 cos 𝐵1


𝑅 𝐿1 , 𝐵1 = − sin 𝐿1 sin 𝐵1 cos 𝐵1 cos 𝐿1 sin 𝐵1
cos 𝐿1 0 sin 𝐿1
















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