The document discusses three types of scavenging processes used to remove burnt gases from an engine cylinder: 1) cross flow scavenging, where the piston crown shape pushes fresh gases up to expel burnt gases out the sides, 2) loop scavenging, where inlet and outlet ports are on the same side and fresh gases form a loop to expel burnt gases, and 3) uniflow scavenging, where fresh gases enter from one or both sides and push burnt gases out the top exit valve.
The document discusses three types of scavenging processes used to remove burnt gases from an engine cylinder: 1) cross flow scavenging, where the piston crown shape pushes fresh gases up to expel burnt gases out the sides, 2) loop scavenging, where inlet and outlet ports are on the same side and fresh gases form a loop to expel burnt gases, and 3) uniflow scavenging, where fresh gases enter from one or both sides and push burnt gases out the top exit valve.
The document discusses three types of scavenging processes used to remove burnt gases from an engine cylinder: 1) cross flow scavenging, where the piston crown shape pushes fresh gases up to expel burnt gases out the sides, 2) loop scavenging, where inlet and outlet ports are on the same side and fresh gases form a loop to expel burnt gases, and 3) uniflow scavenging, where fresh gases enter from one or both sides and push burnt gases out the top exit valve.
combustion chamber of the engine cylinder, is known as scavenging. Type of Scavenging: 1. Cross flow scavenging. 2. Back flow or loop scavenging. 3. Uniflow scavenging. Scavenging 1. Cross flow scavenging: The piston crown is designed into a particular shape, so that the fresh charge moves upwards and pushes out the burnt gases in the form of cross flow. Scavenging 2. Back flow or loop scavenging: In this method, the inlet and outlet ports are situated on the same side of the engine cylinder. The fresh charge , while entering into the engine cylinder, forms a loop and pushes out the burnt gases. Scavenging 3. Uniflow scavenging: In this method, the fresh charge, while entering from one or both side of the engine cylinder pushes out the gases through the exit valve situated on the top of the cylinder. Detonation in IC Engines The loud pulsating noise heard within the engine cylinder is known as detonation. Causes of detonation: 1. The shape of the combustion chamber, 2. The relative position of the sparking plugs in case of petrol engines, 3. The chemical nature of the fuel, 4. The initial temperature and pressure of the fuel, 5. The rate of combustion of that portion of the fuel which is the first to ignite. This portion of the fuel in heating up, compresses the remaining unburnt fuel, thus producing the conditions for auto-ignition to occur. Detonation in IC Engines The detonation in Petrol engines can be suppressed or reduced by the addition of a small amount of ethyl fluid to the fuel. This is called doping. Effects due to detonation: 1. A loud pulsating noise which may be accompanied by a vibration of the engine. 2. An increase in the heat lost to surface of combustion chamber. 3. An increase in carbon deposits. Ignition Systems of Petrol Engines Following two ignition systems of petrol engines are important from the subject point of view: 1. Battery or Coil ignition system, 2. Magneto ignition system. Magneto ignition system Fuel Injection Systems for Diesel Engines There are two methods: 1. Air injection method, 2. Airless or solid injection method. a. Common rail systems, b. Individual pump system Common rail systems Individual pump system Cooling of IC Engines The following two systems are used for cooling the IC engines: 1. Air cooling system 2. Water cooling system. Air cooling system Water cooling system Water cooling system Effects of Overheating 1. The overheating causes thermal stresses in the engine parts, which may lead to their distortion. 2. It reduces the strength of the piston and may cause even seizure of the piston. 3. It causes decomposition of the lubricating oil, which may cause carbon deposit on the engine and piston head. 4. It causes burning of valves and valve seats. 5. It reduces volumetric efficiency of the engine. 6. It increases tendency of the detonation. Lubrication System of IC Engines The following two lubrication systems are used: 1. Splash lubrication, 2. Forced Lubrication. Advantages: 1. It reduces wear and tear of the moving parts. 2. It damps down the vibration of the engine. 3. It dissipates the heat generated from the moving parts due to friction. 4. It clean the moving parts. 5. It makes the piston gas-tight.