Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Western Mindanao State University College of Engineering and Technology Zamboanga City
Western Mindanao State University College of Engineering and Technology Zamboanga City
Submitted by:
HAMSAIN, MOHAMMAD
LUSPO, LURIEZA
PABAYOS, LAKAMBINI
Submitted to:
Professor
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
One of the major problems Zamboanga City Proper is traffic congestion. Traffic
on roads, is define as the movement of vehicles, pedestrians, transportation of goods
for the purpose of trade, and other conveyances in an area, either singly or together,
while using the public way for purposes of travel. Traffic congestion is a condition on
road networks that occurs as use increases, and is characterized by slower speeds,
longer trip times, and increased number of vehicles.
Drivers who know that traffic congestion is likely may decide to forgo an activity
altogether, leading to less consumer spending and lower event attendance. In
accordance with the effects of traffic congestion, solutions are being suggested. Road
widening, adequate parking space facilities, reduced on-street parking, and good traffic
signs and markings are proposed solutions to reduce traffic congestion.
Statement of the Problem
To determine the causes and effects of traffic congestion in the specified area.
1. Drivers - This will help them provide fast and better earnings on their livelihood.
2. Passengers - This will enable them to have an accessible and safe transportation in
going to their destination.x`
3. Businessmen - This will help them to do their business easily within the area without
worrying the delay on business trips and travels.
5. City Government - This will help them increase the economic growth of the city.
2. The data gathered is during the peak hour of the day between seven (7) to nine (9) in
the morning and five(5) to seven(7) in the afternoon.
3. The traffic count conducted is a 2-hour traffic observation with a 15-minute time
interval.
4. The traffic flow parameters concerned are traffic flow rate, traffic concentration and
vehicle speed.
CHAPTER II
RELATED STUDIES
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Flow rate is the number of vehicles counted divided by the elapsed time.
q = N/T
where q is the value of flow rate in vehicle per hour or vehicle per minute; N is the
number of vehicles and T is the elapsed time.
Based on the data gathered, the maximum number of vehicles during a 15-
minute interval is 473 vehicles. The maximum flow rate is 31.53 vehicles per minute.
The total number of vehicles within a 2-hour interval is 8380. The maximum flow rate in
vehicles per hour is 4190.
Traffic Concentration
Traffic concentration or traffic density is the flow rate along a distance or over
time. The first is a measure of concentration over space and the second is a measure of
concentration over time.
k = q/u
where k is the traffic concentration, q is the flow rate and u is the length of
concentration.
Vehicle Speed
The vehicle speed is the measure of the length of concentration over time.
s = d/T
where s is the amount of vehicle’s speed in meter per hour, d is the length of
concentration and T is the elapsed time within a particular length.
On the actual data, the length of concentration is 40 meters and the elapsed time
is 6 minutes. As computed, the vehicle’s speed is 6.67 meter per minute or 0.11 meter
per second.
Traffic Control
Traffic control systems include laws and procedures, electronic and physical
devices such as markers, signs and signals, and people such as vehicle operators and
traffic controllers. The system varies depending on its location and the type of
transportation it controls. For example, cities have complex traffic control systems
compared to small towns.
1. Traffic Signs
Traffic signs are the most extensively used form of traffic control. They provide
information about speed limits and road conditions. They direct traffic along certain
routes and to specific destinations. By using signs, traffic control planners tell drivers
what to do, what to watch for, and where to drive.
2. Pavement Markings
Pavement markings separate opposing streams of traffic and direct vehicles into
proper positions on the roadway. For example, pavement markings delineate turn lanes
at intersections and establish no-passing zones. White and yellow paint is customarily
used for pavement markings. Reflective devices are more visible at night and are used
in some locations to mark lanes and other significant places on the road.
3. Traffic Signals
The signal light is probably the most easily recognized traffic control device. At a
busy intersection in a large city, a traffic signal may control the movements of more than
100,000 vehicles per day. More than 60 percent of all miles driven each year are on
roadways controlled by traffic signals.
4. Priority Control
In one of the oldest methods of traffic control, one form of transportation is given
priority by restricting or banning other forms of transportation. Bus lanes and high-
occupancy vehicle lanes exist in many urban areas. Only specified types of vehicles
primarily those carrying several occupants can use these lanes. By giving priority to
high-occupancy vehicles, transportation planners encourage carpooling and reduce
congestion.
5. Restraints
TRIAL 1
62
71
51
61 405 vehicles
63
72
25
Max: 72 vehicles
TRIAL 2
68
43
59
82 473 vehicles
64
100
57
Max: 100 vehicles
TRIAL 3
55
24
68
51 304 vehicles
38
56
12
Max: 68 vehicles
TRIAL 4
56
61
47
54 337 vehicles
56
25
38
Max: 61 vehicles
TRIAL 5
54
62
44
53 353 Vehicles
55
63
22
Max: 63 vehicles
TRIAL 6
59
37
51
71 413 vehicles
56
87
52
Max: 87 vehicles
TRIAL 7
48
21
59
44 263 vehicles
33
49
9
Max: 59 vehicles
TRIAL 8
49
53
41
47 297 vehicles
52
22
33
Max: 53 vehicles
TRIAL 1
3-minute interval 15-minute interval
72
85
101
30 439 vehicles
36
54
61
Max: 101 vehicles
TRIAL 2
3-minute interval 15-minute interval
36
20
19
13 153 vehicles
26
18
21
Max: 36 vehicles
TRIAL 3
3-minute interval 15-minute interval
52
38
15
18 186 vehicles
13
31
19
Max: 52 vehicles
TRIAL 4
17
14
16
19 121 vehicles
22
15
18
Max: 22 vehicles
TRIAL 5
3-minute interval 15-minute interval
63
74
88
26 385 Vehicles
34
47
53
Max: 88 vehicles
TRIAL 6
3-minute interval 15-minute interval
31
17
15
11 131 vehicles
23
18
16
Max: 31 vehicles
TRIAL 7
45
33
11
15 159 vehicles
12
27
16
Max: 45 vehicles
TRIAL 8
3-minute interval 15-minute interval
15
14
12
17 106 vehicles
19
13
16
Max: 19 vehicles
31
35
15
28 197 vehicles
21
30
37
Max: 37 vehicles
TRIAL 2
3-minute interval 15-minute interval
16
39
31
23 192 vehicles
28
22
33
Max: 39 vehicles
TRIAL 3
3-minute interval 15-minute interval
17
36
18
15 136 vehicles
13
21
16
Max: 36 vehicles
TRIAL 4
37
32
28
179 vehicles
30
17
21
14
Max: 32 vehicles
TRIAL 5
3-minute interval 15-minute interval
27
30
13
24 170 Vehicles
18
26
32
Max: 32 vehicles
TRIAL 6
3-minute interval 15-minute interval
14
34
27
20 167 vehicles
24
19
29
Max: 34 vehicles
TRIAL 7
15
31
16
13 128 vehicles
11
18
24
Max: 31 vehicles
TRIAL 8
3-minute interval 15-minute interval
32
28
24
26 155 vehicles
15
18
12
Max: 32 vehicles
BUENAVISTA STREET
TRIAL 1
3-minute interval 15-minute interval
75
81
61
53 453 vehicles
68
55
60
Max: 81 vehicles
TRIAL 2
3-minute interval 15-minute interval
52
51
36
25 267 vehicles
41
48
44
Max: 52 vehicles
TRIAL 3
3-minute interval 15-minute interval
61
40
43
38 312 vehicles
45
33
52
Max: 61 vehicles
TRIAL 4
3-minute interval 15-minute interval
43
49
40
50 315 vehicles
45
42
46
Max: 50 vehicles
TRIAL 5
3-minute interval 15-minute interval
65
72
53
46 389 vehicles
59
42
52
Max: 72 vehicles
TRIAL 6
3-minute interval 15-minute interval
45
44
31
21 255 vehicles
35
41
38
Max: 45 vehicles
TRIAL 7
3-minute interval 15-minute interval
53
34
37
33 269 vehicles
39
28
45
Max: 53 vehicles
TRIAL 8
3-minute interval 15-minute interval
37
42
34
43 271 vehicles
39
36
40
Max: 43 vehicles
APPENDIX A
Motor vehicle emissions contain pollutants that contribute to outdoor air pollution.
One in particular, fine particulate matter (referred to as PM2.5) is strongly influenced by
motor vehicle emissions. Studies that evaluate the sources of PM2.5 in our environment
find that vehicles contribute up to one-third of observed PM2.5 in urban areas. PM2.5
has been associated with premature deaths in many studies, and health impact
assessments have shown PM2.5-related damages on the order of hundreds of billions
of dollars per year. Recently, an expert committee convened by the Health Effects
Institute in Boston, Massachusetts, summarized the available evidence on exposure to
traffic-generated air pollution and negative health effects. They find strong evidence for
a causative role for traffic related air pollution and premature death, particularly from
heart attacks and strokes.
APPENDIX B
Automobiles
Your car or truck is likely to be the second biggest item in your budget, after your
home. You probably need it to drive to work or even to do your work. If it's not running,
you have a real problem. A car or truck today may contain 10,000 mechanical parts and
40 on-board computers, all vulnerable to dirt, grease, salt, rust, corrosion, friction, and
shock. The good news is You can make your car run reliably and last for years and
years without spending a lot of money. Good sense and forethought can save you
money.
APPENDIX C
Survey Tool:
Dear Respondents:
Your utmost support and cooperation will make this research possible therefore
will be highly appreciated.
Sincerely,
The Researchers
Instructions: please check the space corresponding to the number of your choice:
Code:
Table 1
October November December January February March
Data Gathering
A. Traffic Count
B. Interviews and
Questionnaires
C. Books and Internet
Search
Table 2
B. Presentation
Of Results
C. Submission of
Proposal
V. Reference