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ME - Strength of Materials PDF
ME - Strength of Materials PDF
ME - Strength of Materials PDF
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. i n
(A) P
c oP ^E1 - E2h
.
(B)
A A ^E1 + E2h
(C) PE2
i a (D) PE1
d
AE1 AE2
o
.n
Q. 2 A long thin walled cylindrical shell, closed at both the ends, is subjected to
an internal pressure. The ratio of the hoop stress (circumferential stress) to
w
longitudinal stress developed in the shell is
w
(A) 0.5 (B) 1.0
w
(C) 2.0 (D) 4.0
Q. 3
©
YEAR 2013 TWO MARKS
A pin joined uniform rigid rod of weight W and length L is supported horizontally
by an external force F as shown in figure below. The force F is suddenly removed.
At the instant of force removal, the magnitude of vertical reaction developed at
the support is
Q. 5 A bar is subjected to fluctuating tensile load from 20 kN to 100 kN. The material
has yield strength of 240 MPa and endurance limit in reversed bending is 160 MPa.
According to the Soderberg principle, the area of cross-section in mm2 of the bar
for a factor of safety of 2 is
(A) 400 (B) 600
(C) 750 (D) 1000
. n
o
Q. 7 A cantilever beam of length L is subjected to a moment M at the free end. The
. c
moment of inertia of the beam cross section about the neutral axis is I and the
a
Young’s modulus is E . The magnitude of the maximum deflection is
i
2 2
(A) ML (B) ML
d
2EI EI
o
2 2
(C) 2ML (D) 4ML
.n
EI EI
Q. 8 For a long slender column of uniform cross section, the ratio of critical buckling
w
load for the case with both ends clamped to the case with both the ends hinged is
w
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 4 (D) 8
w
©
YEAR 2012 TWO MARKS
Q. 9 The homogeneous state of stress for a metal part undergoing plastic deformation is
J10 5 0N
K O
T = K 5 20 0O
K 0 0 - 10O
L P
where the stress component values are in MPa. Using Von Mises Yield criterion,
the value of estimated shear yield stress, in MPa is
(A) 9.50 (B) 16.07
(C) 28.52 (D) 49.41
Q. 11 A solid steel cube constrained on all six faces is heated so that the temperature
rises uniformly by DT . If the thermal coefficient of the material is a, Young’s
modulus is E and the Poisson’s ratio is u, the thermal stress developed in the
cube due to heating is
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
a (DT) E 2a (DT) E
(A) - (B) -
(1 - 2u) (1 - 2u)
3a (DT) E a (DT) E
(C) - (D) -
(1 - 2u) 3 (1 - 2u)
in
(D) 1 kN upward, 1 kN upward
Q. 13
o.
A column has a rectangular cross-section of 10 # 20 mm and a length of 1 m. The
. c
slenderness ratio of the column is close to
(A) 200 (B) 346
(C) 477
i a (D) 1000
Q. 14
o d
Match the following criteria of material failure, under biaxial stresses s1 and s2
n
and yield stress sy , with their corresponding graphic representations.
.
w
w
w
©
. i n
o
1 1
(A) b 32TL l4 (B) b 18TL l4
. c
pqG pqG
a
1 1
(C) b 16TL l4 (D) b 2TL l4
i
pqG pqG
w
The Young’s modulus of the material of the beam is E . A concentrated load P is
applied at the free end of the beam.
w
w
Q. 17
©
The area moment of inertia about the neutral axis of a cross-section at a distance
x measured from the free end is
3 3
(A) bxt (B) bxt
6l 12l
3 3
(C) bxt (D) xt
24l 12l
Q. 18 The maximum deflection of the beam is
3 3
(A) 24Pl3 (B) 12Pl3
Ebt Ebt
3 3
(C) 3Pl 3 (D) 6Pl 3
Ebt Ebt
in
(C) 200.0 (D) 225.0
o.
c
YEAR 2009 ONE MARK
Q. 22
a .
If the principal stresses in a plane stress problem are s1 = 100 MPa, s2 = 40 MPa,
(A) 60
d i
the magnitude of the maximum shear stress (in MPa) will be
(B) 50
(C) 30
n o (D) 20
Q. 23
.
A solid circular shaft of diameter d is subjected to a combined bending moment
w
M and torque, T . The material property to be used for designing the shaft using
the relation 163 M 2 + T 2 is
w
pd
w
(A) ultimate tensile strength (Su) (B) tensile yield strength (Sy)
(C) torsional yield strength (Ssy) (D) endurance strength (Se)
©
YEAR 2009 TWO MARKS
Q. 24 A solid shaft of diameter d and length L is fixed at both the ends. A torque, T0
is applied at a distance L from the left end as shown in the figure given below.
4
Q. 25 A frame of two arms of equal length L is shown in the adjacent figure. The
flexural rigidity of each arm of the frame is EI . The vertical deflection at the
point of application of load P is
i n
3 3
(A) PL (B) 2PL
.
3EI 3EI
o
3 3
(C) PL (D) 4PL
. c
EI 3EI
YEAR 2008
i a ONE MARK
Q. 26
o d
The transverse shear stress acting in a beam of rectangular cross-section, subjected
.n
to a transverse shear load, is
(A) variable with maximum at the bottom of the beam
w
(B) variable with maximum at the top of the beam
w
(C) uniform
(D) variable with maximum on the neutral axis
Q. 27
w
A rod of length L and diameter D is subjected to a tensile load P . Which of the
©
following is sufficient to calculate the resulting change in diameter ?
(A) Young’s modulus
(B) Shear modulus
(C) Poisson’s ratio
(D) Both Young’s modulus and shear modulus
Q. 28 A cantilever type gate hinged at Q is shown in the figure. P and R are the centers
of gravity of the cantilever part and the counterweight respectively. The mass of
the cantilever part is 75 kg. The mass of the counter weight, for static balance, is
Q. 30 For the component loaded with a force F as shown in the figure, the axial stress
at the corner point P is
. in
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
F (3L - b) 3 (3L + b)
(A) (B)
w
4b3 4b3
F (3L - 4b) F (3L - 2b)
w
(C) (D)
4b3 4b3
w
Q. 31 A solid circular shaft of diameter 100 mm is subjected to an axial stress of 50
MPa. It is further subjected to a torque of 10 kNm. The maximum principal
©
stress experienced on the shaft is closest to
(A) 41 MPa (B) 82 MPa
(C) 164 MPa (D) 204 MPa
Q. 32 The rod PQ of length L and with flexural rigidity EI is hinged at both ends. For
what minimum force F is it expected to buckle ?
2
(A) p EI (B) 2 p2 EI
L2 L2
2 2
(C) p EI2 (D) p EI
2L 2L2
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Q. 34 A two dimensional fluid element rotates like a rigid body. At a point within the
element, the pressure is 1 unit. Radius of the Mohr’s circle, characterizing the
state of stress at that point, is
(A) 0.5 unit (B) 0 unit
(C) 1 unit (D) 2 unit
. c
up to a depth of 2 m and suspended along its upper rim. The density of water
is 1000 kg/m3 and acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s2 . The self-weight of the
i a
cylinder is negligible. The formula for hoop stress in a thin-walled cylinder can be
d
used at all points along the height of the cylindrical container.
o
.n
w
w
w
Q. 35
©
The axial and circumference stress ( sd , sc ) experienced by the cylinder wall at
mid-depth (1 m as shown) are
(A) (10, 10)MPa (B) (5, 10)MPa
(C) (10, 5)MPa (D) (5, 5)MPa
Q. 36 If the Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the container material are 100 GPa
and 0.3, respectively, the axial strain in the cylinder wall at mid-depth is
(A) 2 # 10-5 (B) 6 # 10-5
(C) 7 # 10-5 (D) 1.2 # 10-4
Q. 37 The strain energy stored in the beam with flexural rigidity EI and loaded as
shown in the figure is
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
2 3 2 3
(A) P L (B) 2P L
3EI 3EI
2 3 2 3
(C) 4P L (D) 8P L
3EI 3EI
(A) 25 (B) 30
(C) 35 (D) 60
in
Q. 39 A steel rod of length L and diameter D , fixed at both ends, is uniformly heated
.
to a temperature rise of DT . The Young’s modulus is E and the co-efficient of
o
linear expansion is a. The thermal stress in the rod is
c
a.
(A) 0 (B) aDT
(C) EaDT (D) EaDTL
d i
o
YEAR 2007 TWO MARKS
. n
Q. 40 A uniformly loaded propped cantilever beam and its free body diagram are shown
below. The reactions are
w
w
w
©
(A) R1 =
5qL
8
, R2 =
3qL
8
,M =
qL2
8
(B) R1 =
3qL
8
, R2 =
5qL
8
,M =
qL2
8
5qL 3qL 3qL 5qL
(C) R1 = , R2 = ,M = 0 (D) R1 = , R2 = ,M = 0
8 8 8 8
Q. 41 A stepped steel shaft shown below is subjected to 10 Nm torque. If the modulus
of rigidity is 80 GPa, the strain energy in the shaft in N-mm is
. i n
c o
a .
d i
o
.n
w
w
Q. 43 The normal and shear stresses in MPa at point P are respectively
w
(A) 67.9 and 56.6 (B) 56.6 and 67.9
(C) 67.9 and 0.0 (D) 0.0 and 56.6
Q. 44
©
The maximum principal stress in MPa and the orientation of the corresponding
principal plane in degrees are respectively
(A) - 32.0 and - 29.52 (B) 100.0 and 60.48
(C) - 32.0 and 60.48 (D) 100.0 and - 29.52
in
(D) 5.40 mm
Q. 49
o.
A bar having a cross-sectional area of 700 mm2 is subjected to axial loads at the
c
positions indicated. The value of stress in the segment QR is
a .
d i
(A) 40 MPa
n o (B) 50 MPa
.
(C) 70 MPa (D) 120 MPa
w
w
Common Data For Q. 50 and 51
w
A simply supported beam of span length 6 m and 75 mm diameter carries a
uniformly distributed load of 1.5 kN/m
Q. 50
©
What is the maximum value of bending moment ?
(A) 9 kN-m (B) 13.5 kN-m
(C) 81 kN-m (D) 125 kN-m
Q. 53 Two identical cantilever beams are supported as shown , with their free ends in
contact through a rigid roller. After the load P is applied, the free ends will have
Q. 54 The two shafts AB and BC , of equal length and diameters d and 2d , are made
i n
of the same material. They are joined at B through a shaft coupling, while the
.
ends A and C are built-in (cantilevered). A twisting moment T is applied to
o
the coupling. If TA and TC represent the twisting moments at the ends A and C
. c
, respectively, then
i a
o d
.n
w
(A) TC = TA (B) TC = 8TA
(C) TC = 16TA (D) TA = 16TC
w
w
Q. 55 A beam is made up of two identical bars AB and BC , by hinging them together
at B . The end A is built-in (cantilevered) and the end C is simply-supported.
©
With the load P acting as shown, the bending moment at A is
. in
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
Q. 58 The Mohr’s circle of plane stress for a point in a body is shown. The design is
to be done on the basis of the maximum shear stress theory for yielding. Then,
w
yielding will just begin if the designer chooses a ductile material whose yield
w
strength is
©
(A) 45 MPa (B) 50 MPa
(C) 90 MPa (D) 100 MPa
Q. 60 In terms of Poisson’s ratio (u) the ratio of Young’s Modulus (E) to Shear Modulus
(G) of elastic materials is
(A) 2 (1 + u) (B) 2 (1 - u)
(C) 1 (1 + u) (D) 1 (1 - u)
2 2
Q. 61 The figure shows the state of stress at a certain point in a stressed body. The
magnitudes of normal stresses in x and y directions are 100 MPa and 20 MPa
respectively. The radius of Mohr’s stress circle representing this state of stress is
. i n
o
(A) 120 (B) 80
. c
(C) 60 (D) 40
i a
A torque of 10 Nm is transmitted through a stepped shaft as shown in figure. The
Q. 62
d
torsional stiffness of individual sections of length MN, NO and OP are 20 Nm/rad
o
, 30 Nm/rad and 60 Nm/rad respectively. The angular deflection between the
.n
ends M and P of the shaft is
w
w
w
©
(A) 0.5 rad (B) 1.0 rad
(C) 5.0 rad (D) 10.0 rad
Q. 63 The figure below shows a steel rod of 25 mm2 cross sectional area. It is loaded at
four points, K, L, M and N. Assume E steel = 200 GPa . The total change in length
of the rod due to loading is
(A) 1 mm (B) - 10 mm
(C) 16 mm (D) - 20 mm
in
(A) 93.75 mm
.
(B) 83.75 mm
o
(C) 73.75 mm
(D) 63.75 mm
. c
i a
d
YEAR 2003 ONE MARK
o
The second moment of a circular area about the diameter is given by (D is the
Q. 67
. n
diameter).
4 4
(A) pD (B) pD
w
4 16
w
4 4
(C) pD (D) pD
32 64
Q. 68
w
A concentrated load of P acts on a simply supported beam of span L at a distance
©
L/3 from the left support. The bending moment at the point of application of the
load is given by
(A) PL (B) 2PL
3 3
(C) PL (D) 2PL
9 9
Q. 69 Two identical circular rods of same diameter and same length are subjected to
same magnitude of axial tensile force. One of the rod is made out of mild steel
having the modulus of elasticity of 206 GPa. The other rod is made out of cast
iron having the modulus of elasticity of 100 GPa. Assume both the materials to be
homogeneous and isotropic and the axial force causes the same amount of uniform
stress in both the rods. The stresses developed are within the proportional limit
of the respective materials. Which of the following observations is correct ?
(A) Both rods elongate by the same amount
(B) Mild steel rod elongates more than the cast iron rod
(C) Cast iron rod elongates more than the mild steel rods
(D) As the stresses are equal strains are also equal in both the rods
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Q. 70 The beams, one having square cross section and another circular cross-section,
are subjected to the same amount of bending moment. If the cross sectional area
as well as the material of both the beams are same then
(A) maximum bending stress developed in both the beams is same
(B) the circular beam experience more bending stress than the square one
(C) the square beam experience more bending stress than the circular one
(D) as the material is same, both the beams will experience same deformation.
Q. 71 Consider the arrangement shown in the figure below where J is the combined
polar mass moment of inertia of the disc and the shafts. k1, k2, k 3 are the torsional
stiffness of the respective shafts. The natural frequency of torsional oscillation of
the disc is given by
. i n
c o
a .
di
o
(A) k1 + k 2 + k 3 (B) k1 k 2 + k 2 k 3 + k 3 k1
.n
J J (k1 + k2)
(C) k1 + k 2 + k 3 (D) k1 k 2 + k 2 k 3 + k 3 k1
w
J (k1 k2 + k2 k 3 + k 3 k1) J (k2 + k 3)
w
Q. 72 Maximum shear stress developed on the surface of a solid circular shaft under
w
pure torsion is 240 MPa. If the shaft diameter is doubled then the maximum
shear stress developed corresponding to the same torque will be
©
(A) 120 MPa (B) 60 MPa
(C) 30 MPa (D) 15 MPa
Q. 73 A simply supported laterally loaded beam was found to deflect more than a
specified value. Which of the following measures will reduce the deflection ?
(A) Increase the area moment of inertia
(B) Increase the span of the beam
(C) Select a different material having lesser modulus of elasticity
(D) Magnitude of the load to be increased
Q. 74 A shaft subjected to torsion experiences a pure shear stress t on the surface. The
maximum principal stress on the surface which is at 45c to the axis will have a
value
(A) t cos 45c
(B) 2t cos 45c
(C) t cos2 45c
(D) 2t sin 45c cos 45c
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Q. 77 The total area under the stress-strain curve of mild steel specimen tested upto
failure under tension is a measure of
in
(A) ductility
(B) ultimate strength
o.
c
(C) stiffness
(D) toughness
a .
Q. 78
dimensions is
d i
The number of components in a stress tensor defining stress at a point in three
(A) 3
n o (B) 4
.
(C) 6 (D) 9
w
w
YEAR 2002 TWO MARKS
w
Q. 79 The relationship between Young’s modulus (E ), Bulk modulus (K ) and Poisson’s
ratio (u) is given by
©
(A) E = 3K (1 - 2u) (B) K = 3E (1 - 2u)
(C) E = 3K (1 - u) (D) K = 3E (1 - u)
Q. 80 The ratio of Euler’s bucking loads of columns with the same parameters having
(i) both ends fixed, and (ii) both ends hinged is
(A) 2 (B) 4
(C) 6 (D) 8
Q. 81 The shape of the bending moment diagram for a uniform cantilever beam carrying
a uniformly distributed load over its length is
(A) a straight line (B) a hyperbola
(C) an ellipse (D) a parabola
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Q. 82 The maximum principal stress for the stress state shown in the figure is
(A) s (B) 2s
(C) 3s (D) 1.5s
. i n
c o
.
**********
i a
o d
.n
w
w
w
©
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
SOLUTION
in
s2 =
2t
.
s1 = pr 2t = 2
Ratio
o
s2 t # pr
. c
Sol. 3 Option (B) is correct.
i a
o d
. n
w
w
When the Force F is suddenly remove, then due to W , the rod is in rotating
condition with angular acceleration a.
w
Thus equation of motion
©
SMO = IO a
WL = I a = mL2 a
O
2 3
mgL mL 2
or = a
2 3
3g
or a =
2L
Also the centre of the rod accelerate with linear acceleration a . Thus from FBD
of rod
W - R = ma
mg - R = ma ...(i)
From the relation of linear and angular acceleration, we have
3g 3g
a = ra = L # =
2 2L 4
Substitute this value in equation (i), we obtain
3g
R = mg - m #
4
mg W
R = =
4 4
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
n
taking the moment about point B , we have
. i
SMB = 0
RA # L = 2L # L
3p 2
c o
.
RA = L
3p
Sol. 5 Option (D) is correct.
i a
d
Given Fmin = 20 kN , Fmax = 100 kN , sy = 240 MPa = 240 N/mm2 , FOS = 2
o
se = 160 MPa = 160 N/mm2
.n
3
smin = Fmin = 20 # 10
Area A
w
3
F
smax = max = 100 # 10
Area A
w
3 3
Now smean = smax + smin = 120 # 10 = 60 # 10
w
2 2A A
3 3
and sv = smax - smin = 80 # 10 = 40 # 10
©
2 2A A
According to soderberg’s criterion
1 = sm + sv
FOS sy se
3 3
or 1 = 60 # 10 + 40 # 10
2 240A 160A
3 3
or 1 = 10 + 10
2 4A 4A
or A = 1000 mm2
Sol. 6 Option (D) is correct.
For thin walled spherical shell circumferential (hoop) stress is
pd pr
s = =
4t 2t
For initial condition let radius r 1 and thickness t1, then
pr
s1 = 1 ...(i)
2t1
For final condition radius r 2 increased by 1%, then
r 2 = r 1 + r 1 = 1.01 r 1
100
Thickness t2 decreased by 1% then
t2 = t1 - t1 = 0.99t1
100
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
pr 2 p 1.01r 1 pr
and s2 = = # = 1.0202 1
2t2 1 # 9.99t1 2t 1
From Eq. (i) s2 = 1.0202 # s1
Change in hoop stress (%)
sc = s2 - s1 # 100 = 1.0202s1 - s1 # 100 = 2.02%
s1 s1
Sol. 7 Option (A) is correct.
d 2y
Since EI =M
dx2
dy
Integrating EI = mx + C1 ...(i)
dx
in
dy
At x = 0, =0
dx
So
o.
EI (0) = M (0) + C1 & C1 = 0
c
Hence Eq.(i) becomes
.
dy
a
EI = mx
i
dx
d
2
Again integrating EIy = mx + C2 ...(ii)
2
n o m (0) 2
.
At x = 0, y = 0 , EI (0) = + C2 & C2 = 0
2
w
2
Then Eq. (ii) becomes EIy = Mx
2
w
2 2
y = Mx & y max = ML
w
2EI 2EI
^At x = L, y = y maxh
©
Sol. 8 Option (C) is correct.
2
Critical buckling load, = p EI ...(i)
L2
For both ends clamped L = L
2
For both ends hinged L = L
p2 EI
^2h
L 2 2
Ratio for both ends clamped to both ends hinged is = 2 = 42 # L = 4
p EI L 1
2
L
Sol. 9 Option (B) is correct.
According to Von Mises Yield criterion
sY2 = 1 6(sx - sy) 2 + (sy - sz ) 2 + (sz - sx ) 2 + 6 (t xy
2 2
+ t yz 2
+ t zx )@
2
R10 5 0VW
S
Given, T = S 5 20 0W
SS 0 0 - 10WW
T X
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
n
Diagram for Mohr’s circle
. i
c o
a .
d i
o
.n
w
Radius of Mohr’s circle OR = (AR) 2 + (AO) 2
w AO = AB = BN - AN = 100 - 40 = 30
2 2 2
Therefore,
w OR = (40) 2 + (30) 2 = 50 MPa
©
Sol. 11 Option (A) is correct.
For a solid cube strain in x, y and z axis are
u (sy + sz )
ex = sx -
E E
sy u (sx + sz )
ey = -
E E
u (sx + sy )
ez = sz -
E E
From symmetry of cube, ex = ey = ez = e
and sx = sy = sz = s
(1 - 2u)
So e= #s
E
Where e =- aDT (Thermal compression stress)
Therefore, s = e # E =- - aDTE =- aDTE
(1 - 2u) (1 - 2u) (1 - 2u)
Sol. 12 Option (A) is correct.
First of all we have to make a free body diagram of the given beam.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
in
1 3 -12
# 20 # (10) # 10 20 # 10-3
.
k = 12 =
10 # 20 # 10-6 12 # 10 # 20
o
= 8.33 # 10-6 = 2.88 # 10-3 m
c
.
Slenderness ratio = 1 = 347.22 - 346
a
2.88 # 10-3
i
Sol. 14 Option (C) is correct.
d
(P) Maximum-normal stress criterion " (M)
o
(Q) Maximum-distortion energy criterion " (N)
n
.
(R) Maximum-shear-stress criterion " (L)
w
So correct pairs are, P-M, Q-N, R-L
w
w
Sol. 15 Option (B) is correct.
Given : r = 500 mm , t = 10 mm , p = 5 MPa
©
We know that average circumferential (hoop) stress is given by,
pd 5 (2 500)
sh = = # # = 250 MPa
2t 2 # 10
Sol. 16 Option (B) is correct.
Here we see that shafts are in series combination. For series combination Total
angular twist,
q = q1 + q2 ...(i)
From the torsional equation,
T = t = Gq & q = Tl J = p d4
J r l GJ 32
q = 32Tl
pd 4 G
Now, from equation (i),
32T b L l
32T (L) 2
= 32TL 1 + 1 = 32TL 9 18TL
pd 4 G :16 2D
q = 4 + 4 # 16 =
p (2d) G pd G pd 4 G pd 4 G
1
d = b 18TL l4
pqG
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
i n
Now from figure (ii), For a rectangular cross section,
.
(2h) t3 3 3
= 2 # bx # t = bxt
o
I = From equation (i)
12 2l 12 12l
Sol. 18 Option (D) is correct.
. c
a
We know that deflection equation is
i
2
EI d t2 = M = P # x
dx
d2y
o d
= 1 P#x
.n
dx2 EI
w
From previous part of the question
d2y 1 12PL
w
= 3 # Px =
dx2 E# bxt Ebt3
w
12L
On Integrating, we get
©
dy
= 12PLx + C1 ...(i)
dx Ebt3
dy
When x = L , =0
dx
2 2
So, 0 = 12PL3 + C1 & C1 =- 12PL3
Ebt Ebt
Again integrating equation (i),
y = 12PL x2
3 # 2 + C1 x + C 2 ...(ii)
Ebt
When x = L , y = 0
3 3
So, 0 = 12PL3 # L2 + C1 L + C2 = 6PL3 - 12PL3 + C2
2Ebt Ebt Ebt
3
C2 = 6PL3
Ebt
From equation (ii),
2 2 3
y = 6PLx3 - 12PL3x + 6PL3 ...(iii)
Ebt Ebt Ebt
The maximum deflection occurs at x = 0 , from equation (iii),
3 3
y max = 0 + 0 + 6PL3 = 6PL3
Ebt Ebt
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
. in
o
First of all we have to make the FBD of the given system.
c
.
Let RA and RC are the reactions acting at point A and C respectively.
a
In the equilibrium condition of forces,
RA + RC = 6000 N
Taking moment about point A,
d i ...(i)
n o
RC # 4 = 6000 # 3
w
4
w
And from equation (i),
RA = 6000 - 4500 = 1500 N = 1.5 kN
w
Taking a section X - X at a distance x from A and taking the moment about
©
this section
(x - 2)
MXX = RA # x - 3 (x - 2) # F = 3 (x - 2) and d = x - 2
2 2
= 1.5x - 1.5 (x - 2) 2 ...(ii)
For maximum Bending moment,
d (M ) = 0
XX
dx
1.5 - 2 # 1.5 (x - 2) = 0
1.5 - 3x + 6 = 0
- 3x =- 7.5
x = 2.5 m = 2500 mm
So the maximum bending moment occurs at 2500 mm to the right of A.
Sol. 21 Option (B) is correct.
From the equation (ii) of the previous part, we have
Maximum bending moment at x = 2.5 m is,
(B M) 2.5 m = 1.5 # 2.5 - 1.5 (2.5 - 2) 2 = 3.375 kN-m
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
. i n
c o
a .
We know that, for a shaft of diameter d is subjected to combined bending moment
i
M and torque T , the equivalent Torque is,
o d M2+T2
.n t = 16T3 = 163 # M 2 + T 2
pd pd
w S
Now, for safe design, t should be less than sy
w
N
Where, Ssy = Torsional yield strength and N = Factor of safety
Sol. 24
w
Option (B) is correct.
First, the shaft is divided in two parts (1) and (2) and gives a twisting moment
T1 (in counter-clockwise direction) and T2 (in clock wise direction) respectively.
By the nature of these twisting moments, we can say that shafts are in parallel
combination.
So, T0 = T1 + T2 ...(i)
From the torsional equation,
T = t = Gq & T = GJq
J r l l
But, here G1 = G 2
q1 = q2 For parallel connection
J1 = J 2 Diameter is same
So, T1 l1 = T2 l2
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
T1 # L = T2 # 3L
4 4
T1 = 3T2
Now, From equation (i),
T0 = 3T2 + T2 = 4T2
T2 = T0
4
And T1 = 3T0
4
Here T1 > T2
So, maximum shear stress is developed due to T1 ,
T1 = tmax & tmax = T1 # r
J r J
Substitute the values, we get
^ h
3T0
tmax = 4 d 32 # 3T0 = 12T0
#2 =
p
32 d 4
8p # d 3 pd 3
in
Sol. 25 Option (D) is correct.
.
We have to solve this by Castigliano’s theorem.
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
w
©
We have to take sections XX and YY along the arm BC and AB respectively and
find the total strain energy.
So, Strain energy in arm BC is,
^Px h2
L L
M x2 dx =
UBC = # 2EI # 2EI
dx Mx = P # x
0 0
Integrating the equation and putting the limits, we get
2 3 L 2 3
UBC = P :x D = P L
2EI 3 0 6EI
Similarly for arm AB, we have
L L
M y2 P2 L2 dy
UAB = # 2EI
dy = # 2EI
My = P # L
0 0
2 3
=PL
2EI
So, total strain energy stored in both the arms is,
2 3 2 3 2 3
U = UAB + UBC = P L + P L = 2P L
2EI 6EI 3EI
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
.
bd 4
c
Ib
a
Maximum values of tv occurs at the neutral axis where, y = 0
i
2
Maximum tv = 6F3 # d = 3F = 3 tmean tmean = F
bd
o d 4 2bd 2
So, transverse shear stress is variable with maximum on the neutral axis.
bd
.n
Option (D) is correct.
Sol. 27
w
w
w
©
From the application of load P , the length of the rod increases by an amount of
DL
DL = PL = p PL2 = 4PL
AE 4D E pD 2 E
And increase in length due to applied load P in axial or longitudinal direction,
the shear modulus is comes in action.
Shearing stress
G = = ts = ts L
Shearing strain TL/L TL
So, for calculating the resulting change in diameter both young’s modulus and
shear modulus are used.
Sol. 28 Option (D) is correct.
First of all we have to make the FBD of the given system.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
The figure shown the Gerber’s parabola. It is the characteristic curve of the
in
fatigue life of the shaft in the presence of the residual compressive stress.
.
The fatigue life of the material is effectively increased by the introduction of a
o
compressive mean stress, whether applied or residual.
c
Sol. 30 Option (D) is correct.
.
Here corner point P is fixed. At point P double stresses are acting, one is due to
a
i
bending and other stress is due to the direct Load.
d
So, bending stress, (From the bending equation)
n o
sb = M y
I
.
Distance from the neutral axis to the external fibre y = 2b = b ,
2
w
F (L - b) b4
sb = # b For square section I =
4
(2b) 12
w
12
12F (L - b) 3F (L - b)
= =
w
16b3 4b 3
and direct stress,
©
sd = F 2 = F 2 = F 2 # b = Fb3
(2b) 4b 4b b 4b
Total axial stress at the corner point P is,
3F (L - b) Fb F (3L - 2b)
s = sb + sd = + 3 =
4b 3 4b 4b3
Sol. 31 Option (B) is correct.
The shaft is subjected to a torque of 10 kN-m and due to this shear stress is
developed in the shaft,
3
txy = T # r = 10 # 10 # d From Torsional equation
J p d4 2
32
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
3 4
= 16 # 10 3# 10 = 16 # 10 -1 3 = 160 = 50.95 MPa
pd 3.14 # (10 ) 3.14
Maximum principal stress,
s + sy 1
s1 = x + (sx - sy) 2 + 4txy
2
2 2
Substitute the values, we get
s1 = 50 + 1 (50) 2 + 4 # (50.95) 2 = 25 + 1 12883.61
2 2 2
= 25 + 113 . 50 = 25 + 56.75 = 81.75 MPa - 82 MPa
2
Sol. 32 Option (B) is correct.
We know that according to Euler’s theory, the crippling or buckling load (Wcr )
under various end conditions is represented by the general equation,
2
n
Wcr = Cp EI ...(i)
i
L2
Where
o
L = length of column
.
c
C = Constant, representing the end conditions of the
column.
a .
d i
o
.n
w
w
w
Here both ends are hinged, C =1
©
2
From equation (i), Wcr = p EI
L2
Minimum force F required , Wcr = F cos 45c
F = Wcr = 2 p2 EI
cos 45c L2
Sol. 33 Option (D) is correct.
We know that deflection in a compression spring is given by
3
d = 64PR n = 8PD3 n
4
d G d 4G
Where n = number of active coils
D = Mean coil Diameter
d = Music wire Diameter
4
And k =P = d G
d 8D3 n
k \ 13
D
Given that mean coil diameter is reduced to 10 mm.
So, D1 = 20 mm
D2 = 20 - 10 = 10 mm
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
k2 = D1 3 = 20 3 = 8
k1 b D2 l b 10 l
and
k2 = 8k1
So, stiffness is increased by 8 times.
. in
c o
Sol. 35 Option (B) is correct.
a .
Given : R = 1 m , t = 1 mm = 10-3 m
d i
We know that axial or longitudinal stress for a thin cylinder is,
n op D
sx = sa = # = #
p 2R
...(i)
.
4t 4t
Here, p = Pressure of the fluid inside the shell
w
So, pressure at 1 m depth is,
w
From equation (i),
4
sa = 10 # 2 # 1 = 5 106 N/m2 = 5 MPa
©
#
4 # 10-3
and hoop or circumferential stress,
p D 4
sy = sc = # = 10 # -23 = 10 # 106 N/m2 = 10 MPa
2t 2 # 10
Sol. 36 Option (A) is correct.
Given : u or 1 = 0.3 , E = 100 GPa = 100 # 109 Pa
m
Axial strain or longitudinal strain at mid – depth is,
pD 1 1
2tE b 2 m l
sa = sx = -
Substitute the values, we get
10 4 # 2 # 1 1 - 0.3
2 # 10-3 # 100 # 109 b 2 l
sa =
4
= 10 8 b 1 - 0.3 l = 10-4 # 0.2 = 2 # 10-5
10 2
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
. i n
In equilibrium condition of forces,
c o
.
RA + RB = 2P ...(i)
a
Taking the moment about point A,
i
RB # 4L - P # L - P # 3L = 0
d
o
RB # 4L - 4PL = 0
.n
RB = 4PL = P
4L
w
From equation (i), RA = 2P - P = P
With the help of RA and RB , we have to make the Bending moment diagram
w
of the given beam. From this B.M.D, at section AC and BD Bending moment
w
varying with distance but at section CD , it is constant.
2
U = # M dx
©
Now strain energy
2EI
Where M is the bending moment of beam.
Total strain energy is given by
L (Px) 2 dx (PL) 2 2L L (Px) 2 dx
U = # + +#
0 2EI 2EI 2EI
1{44 2 44 3 {1for44sec2 44 3 1044 2 44 3
tion CD}
for section AC} {for section BD}
(Px) 2 dx P 2 L3 2 2 3
=P x2 dx + P L
L L
=2# + #0
0 2EI EI EI EI
Integrating above equation, we get
2 3 L 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3
U = P :x D + P L = P L + P L = 4P L
EI 3 0 EI 3EI EI 3EI
Sol. 38 Option (B) is correct.
Due to 100 N force, bending moment occurs at point C and magnitude of this
bending moment is,
MC = 100 # (0.1) = 10 N-m (in clock wise direction)
We have to make a free body diagram of the given beam,
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
in
temperature if the ends of the bar were free to expand or
.
contract.
c o
a .
d i
n o
a = dl
.
l # TT
w
or, dl = l # a # TT
And temperature strain,
w e = dl = l # a # TT = a # TT
w
l l
Basically temperature stress and strain are longitudinal (i.e. tensile or compressive)
©
stress and strain
E = Stress = s
Strain e
s = Ee = EaTT
Sol. 40 Option (A) is correct.
First of all, we have to make a FBD of the beam. We know that a UDL acting at
the mid-point of the beam and its magnitude is equal to (q # L). So,
In equilibrium of forces,
R1 + R2 = qL ...(i)
This cantilever beam is subjected to two types of load.
First load is due to UDL and second load is due to point load at B. Due to this
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
n
R1 = qL - R2 = qL - =
i
8 8
For M , taking the moment about B,
- qL # L + R1 # L - M = 0
o.
2
. c
a
qL2 5qL2
i
- + -M = 0
2 8
o dM =
qL2
8
.n
5qL 3qL qL2
Therefore, R1 = , R2 = and M =
8 8 8
Sol. 41 Option (C) is correct.
w
w
Given : T = 10 N - m = 10 4 N - mm , G = 80 GPa = 80 # 103 N/mm2
w
L1 = L2 = 100 mm , d1 = 50 mm , d2 = 25 mm
We know that for a shaft of length l and polar moment of inertia J , subjected to
©
a torque T with an angle of twist q. The expression of strain energy,
2
U = 1T l U = 1 Tq , and q = Tl
2 GJ 2 GJ
So Total strain energy,
2 2 2
U = T L + T L = T L:1 + 1 D J = p d4
2GJ1 2GJ2 2G J1 J2 32
Substitute the values, we get
(10 4) 2 # 100 1 1
2 # 80 # 103 ; 32p (50) 4 32p (25) 4 E
U = +
6
= 10 # 32 : 1 1
p 625 # 10 4 390625D
+
16
6
= 10 4 # 32 : 1 + 1
16 # 10 p 625 39.0625D
= 63.69 # 60.0016 + 0.0256@ = 1.73 N - mm
Sol. 42 Option (B) is correct.
Given : n = 200 # 100 # 50 mm3 = 106 mm3
p = 15 MPa = 15 # 106 N/m2 = 15 N/mm2
E = 200 GPa = 200 # 103 N/mm2
1
b u or m l = 0.3
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
We know the relation between volumetric strain, young’s modulus and Poisson’s
ration is given by,
Dn = 3p (1 - 2u)
n E
Substitute the values, we get
Dn = 3 # 15 (1 - 2 0.3)
#
106 200 # 103
Dn = 45 # 10 (1 - 0.6) = 225 # 0.4 = 90 mm3
2
Sol. 43 Option (A) is correct.
Given : F = 600 N (Parallel to Z -direction), d = 30 mm
Normal stress at point P , from bending equation
in
And from Torsional equation, shear stress,
J r
.
T
t = #r = 600 # 500 d T = Force # Area length
o
J p 4 #2
32 d
= 16 # 600 # 500
. c
= 56.61 MPa
a
3.14 # (30) 3
Sol. 44 Option (D) is correct.
d i
o
Here : sx = 0 , sy = 67.9 MPa , txy = 56.6 MPa
n
Maximum principal stress,
.
s + sy 1
s1 = x + (sx - sy) 2 + 4txy
2
sx = ?
w
2 2
Substitute the values, we get
w
2 2
= 33.95 + 1 17424.65 = 33.95 + 66
©
2
= 99.95 - 100 MPa
2txy
And tan 2q =
sx - sy
Substitute the values, we get
tan 2q = 2 # 56.6 =- 1.667
0 - 67.9
2q =- 59.04
q =- 59.04 =- 29.52c
2
Sol. 45 Option (C) is correct.
T = t = Gq
J r l
Take first two terms,
T =t
J r
T = t J = Polar moment of inertia
p d4 d
32 2
tmax = T3
16
pd
Sol. 46 Option (D) is correct.
. i n
c o
a .
d i
According to Euler’s theory, the crippling or buckling load (Pcr ) under various end
o
conditions is represented by a general equation,
.n
2
Pcr = Cp 2EI ...(i)
L
Where,
w
E = Modulus of elasticity
w
I = Mass-moment of inertia
w
L = Length of column
C = constant, representing the end conditions of the column or end
©
Here both ends are hinged, C = 1
fixity coefficient.
2
Substitute in equation (i), we get Pcr = p EI
L2
Sol. 47 Option (C) is correct.
According to “VON MISES - HENKY THEORY”, the elastic failure of a material
occurs when the distortion energy of the material reaches the distortion energy at
the elastic limit in simple tension.
Shear strain energy due to the principle stresses s1 , s2 and s3
DE = 1 + u 6(s1 - s2) 2 + (s2 - s3) 2 + (s3 - s1) 2@
6E
= 1 + u 82 (s12 + s22 + s23) - 2 ^s1 s2 + s2 s3 + s3 s1hB
6E
= 1 + u 6s12 + s22 + s23 - (s1 s2 + s2 s3 + s1 s3)@
3E
Sol. 48 Option (A) is correct.
Given : A = (40) 2 = 1600 mm2 , P =- 200 kN (Compressive)
L = 2 m = 2000 mm , E = 200 GPa = 200 # 103 N/mm2
Elongation of the bar,
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
3
DL = PL = - 200 # 10 # 2000 =- 1.25 mm Compressive
AE 1600 # 200 # 103
In magnitude, DL = 1.25 mm
Sol. 49 Option (A) is correct.
The FBD of segment QR is shown below :
in
Sol. 50 Option none of these is correct.
o.
. c
i a
o d
Given : L = 6 m , W = 1.5 kN/m , d = 75 mm
n
We know that for a uniformly distributed load, maximum bending moment at the
centre is given by,
.
w 1.5 # 103 # (6) 2
2
B.M. = WL =
w
8 8
B.M. = 6750 N-m = 6.75 kN-m
Sol. 51
w
Option (A) is correct.
©
From the bending equation,
M = sb
I y
Where M = Bending moment acting at the given section
= 6.75 kN-m
I = Moment of inertia = p d 4
64
y = Distance from the neutral axis to the external fibre = d
2
sb = Bending stress
So, sb = M # y
I
Substitute the values, we get
6
sb = 6.75 # 10 # 75 = 32400
# 10
6
p (75) 4 2 p # 2 # (75) 4
64
= 1.6305 # 10-4 # 106 = 163.05 MPa
- 162.98 MPa
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
n
unequal.
Sol. 54 Option (C) is correct.
. i
c o
a .
d i
o
Here both the shafts AB and BC are in parallel connection.
.n
So, deflection in both the shafts are equal.
w
qAB = qBC ...(i)
From Torsional formula,
w T = Gq & q = TL
w
J L GJ
From equation (i),
© = TC L
TA L
GJAB GJBC
TA # L = TC # L
G # 32p d 4 G # 32p (2d) 4
TA = TC 4 For same material, GAB = GBC
d4 16d
TC = 16TA
Sol. 55 Option (B) is correct.
First of all we have to make a Free body diagram of the given beam.
RC # L = P # L
2
RC = P
2
For the equilibrium of forces on the beam,
RA + RC = P
RA = P - P = P
2 2
Now for the bending moment about point A, take the moment about point A,
MA + RC # 2L - P # bL + L l = 0
2
MA + P # 2L - P # 3L = 0
2 2
MA = PL
2
Sol. 56 Option (C) is correct.
We know that, for a uniformly varying load bending moment will be cubic in
nature.
in
(A) We see that there is no shear force at B , so the slope of BMD at right of B
.
must be zero and similarly on left end A there is no shear force, so slope of
o
BMD also zero.
. c
(B) Now due to triangular shape of load intensity, when we move from right
a
to left, the rate of increase of shear force decreases and maximum at the
i
middle and therefore it reduces.
o d
. n
w
Sol. 57
w
Option (A) is correct.
w
©
Taking a section XX on the beam.
Moment about this section XX
MXX = 10 # x = 10x N-m
For a square section,
4 (10 # 10-3) 4 -8
I =b = = 10 m 4
12 12 12
Using the bending equation,
M =s & s= M y
I y I
Substitute the values, we get
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
-2
s = 10-x8 # 10 = 60 # 106 x ...(i)
10 2
12
From equation (i), Bending stress at point A (x = 0),
sA = 60 # 106 # 0 = 0
And at point C (x = 1 m)
sC = 60 # 106 # 1 = 60 MPa
As no any forces are acting to the right of the point C .
So bending stress is constant after point C .
. i2
n
t = smax - smin
o
Maximum shear stress at the elastic limit in simple tension (yield strength) = sY
c
2
.
To prevent failure s max - smin
# s Y
2 2
i a
smax - smin = sY
Here
So,
o d smax =- 10 MPa , smin =- 100 MPa
sY =- 10 - (- 100) = 90 MPa
.n
Option (B) is correct.
Sol. 59
w
Initial length (un-deformed) of the spring = L and spring stiffness = k
w
w
©
Let spring is deformed by an amount Tx , then Spring force, F = kDx
For initial condition, 2g = k (L - 0.2) W = mg ...(i)
After this a mass of 20 kg is placed on the 2 kg pan. So total mass becomes 22 kg
and length becomes 100 mm.
For this condition, (20 + 2) g = k (L - 0.1) ...(ii)
Dividing equation (ii) by equation (i),
22g k (L - 0.1)
=
2g k (L - 0.2)
(L - 0.1)
11 =
(L - 0.2)
11L - 2.2 = L - 0.1
10L = 2.1
L = 2.1 = 0.21 m = 210 mm
10
And from equation (i),
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
2g = k (0.21 - 0.2)
k = 2 # 9.8 = 1960 N/m
0.01
So, L = 210 mm , and k = 1960 N/m
Sol. 60 Option (A) is correct.
Relation between E, G and u is given by,
E = 2G (1 + u)
Where E = young’s modulus
G = Shear Modulus
u = Poisson’s ratio
Now, E = 2 (1 + u)
G
Sol. 61 Option (C) is correct.
. in
c o
a .
i
sx = 100 MPa (Tensile), sy =- 20 MPa (Compressive)
d
s + sy s - sy 2
+ a x
2 k
We know that, s1 = x 2
+ txy
o
2
n
s + sy s - sy 2
- a x
2 k
.
s2 = x 2
+ txy
2
w
From the figure, Radius of Mohr’s circle,
s - sy 2
w
R = s1 - s2 = 1 # 2 a x
2 k
2
+ txy
2 2
w
Substitute the values, we get
2
;100 - (- 20)E = 60
©
R =
2
Sol. 62 Option (B) is correct.
Given : T = 10 N-m , kMN = 20 N-m/rad , kNO = 30 N-m/rad , kOP = 60 N-m/rad
Angular deflection, q =T
k
For section MN , NO or OP , qMN = 10 rad , qNO = 10 rad , qOP = 10 rad
20 30 60
Since MN , NO and OP are connected in series combination. So angular deflection
between the ends M and P of the shaft is,
qMP = qMN + qNO + qOP = 10 + 10 + 10 = 1 radian
20 30 60
Sol. 63 Option (B) is correct.
Given : A = 25 mm2 , Esteel = 200 GPa = 200 # 109 N/m2 = 200 # 103 N/mm2
First of all we have to make the F.B.D of the sections KL, LM and MN separately.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - ME STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
= 1
5000 # 103 6
i n
- 50000@ =- 10 mm
.
o
Sol. 64 Option (A) is correct.
c
Given : d = 60 mm , T = 1600 N-m
From the torsional formula,
a .
i
T =t r = d and J = p d 4
d
J r 2 32
o
So, tmax = pT 4 # d = 16T3
2
.n
32 d pd
Substitute the values, we get
w
tmax = 16 # 1600 = 8152.866 9
# 10
3.14 # (60 # 10-3) 3 (60) 3
w
Option (A) is correct.
Sol. 65
©
W = 120 kN/m , L = 15 m
It is a uniformly distributed load. For a uniformly distributed load, maximum
bending moment at centre is given by,
2
B.M. = WL = 120 # 15 # 15 = 3375 kN-m
8 8
Sol. 66 Option (A) is correct.
in
supported on rollers at ends. The simply supported beam and the FBD shown
.
in the Figure.
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
Where, RA and RB are the reactions acting at the ends of the beam.
In equilibrium condition of forces,
wP = RA + RB ...(i)
w
Taking the moment about point A,
w
RB # L = P # L
3
©
From equation (i),
RB = P
3
RA = P - RB = P - P = 2P
3 3
Now bending moment at the point of application of the load
M = RA # L = 2P # L = 2PL
3 3 3 9
Or, M = RB # 2L = 2PL
3 9
Sol. 69 Option (C) is correct.
Given : Ls = Li , Es = 206 GPa , Ei = 100 GPa , Ps = Pi , Ds = Di , & As = Ai
Where subscript s is for steel and i is for iron rod.
We know that elongation is given by,
DL = PL
AE
Now, for steel or iron rod
DLs = Ps Ls Ai Ei = Ei
DL i As Es # Pi Li Es
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Let,
. i n
a = Side of square cross-section
d = diameter of circular cross-section
c o
Using subscripts for the square and c for the circular cross section.
.
Given : Ms = Mc ; Ac = As
i a
So, p d 2 = a2 ...(i)
4
From the bending equation,
M =s=E
o d
.n
& s= M # y
I y R I
w
Where, y = Distance from the neutral axis to the external
fibre.
w s =Bending stress
w
For square cross-section bending stress,
ss = M a = 6M s
©
s
a # 2
...(ii)
a3
4
12
And for circular cross-section,
sc = pMc 4 # d = 32M c
...(iii)
64 d
2 d3
On dividing equation (iii) by equation (ii), we get
sc = 32Mc a3 16 a3
ss 3 # 6M = 3 3 Mc = Ms ...(iv)
d s d
From equation (i),
p 2 3/2
a 4 d k = (a ) = a
2 3/2 3
a3 = p 3/2 = 0.695
d3 a 4 k
Substitute this value in equation (iv), we get
sc = 16 0.695 = 3.706
ss 3 #
sc > 1 & sc > ss
ss
So, Circular beam experience more bending stress than the square section.
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in
where, J = polar moment of inertia. Given that torque is same,
.
t1 J = t2 J
r1 # 1 r2 # 2
2t1 J = 2t2 J
c o J = p d4
.
d1 # 1 d2 # 2 32
a
t1 p d 4 = t2 p d4
d1 # 32 1
d i
d2 # 32 2
t1 # d 13 = t2 # d 23
3
& t2 = t1 # d 13
o
d2
n
Substitute the values, we get
. t2 = 240 # b d l = 240 # 1
3
w
2d 8
w
= 30 MPa
w
Alternative Method :
From the Torsional Formula,
©
So, maximum shear stress,
t =T r
J
r = d and J = p d 4
2 32
= 1 Mx + c1
EI
2
Again integrating, y = 1 b Mx l + c1 x + c2 ...(i)
EI 2
where, y gives the deflection at the given point. It is easily shown from the
equation (i), If we increase the value of E and I , then deflection reduces.
Sol. 74 Option (D) is correct.
Given figure shows stresses on an element subjected to pure shear.
. i n
c o
a .
Let consider a element to which shear stress have been applied to the sides AB
d i
and DC . Complementary stress of equal value but of opposite effect are then
setup on sides AD and BC in order to prevent rotation of the element. So,
o
applied and complementary shears are represented by symbol txy .
.n
Consider the equilibrium of portion PBC . Resolving normal to PC assuming
w
unit depth.
sq # PC = txy # BC sin q + txy # PB cos q
©
sq = 2txy sin q cos q
The maximum value of sq is txy when q = 45c.
sq = 2t sin 45c cos 45c Given (txy = t)
Sol. 75 Option (B) is correct.
Given, Mohr’s circle is a point located at 175 MPa on the positive Normal stress
(at point P )
So, s1 = s2 = 175 MPa , and tmax = 0
So, both maximum and minimum principal stresses are equal.
Alternate Method :
sx = 175 MPa sy = 175 MPa and txy = 0
Maximum principal stress
s1 = 1 7(sx + sy) + (sx - sy) + 4txy
2
2
A = 12 6(175 + 175) + 0@
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= 175 MPa
Minimum principal stress
s2 = 1 7(sx + sy) - (sx - sy) + 4txy
2
2
A = 12 6(175 + 175) - 0@
= 175 MPa
Sol. 76 Option (D) is correct.
Mohr’s circle is a point, and a point will move in every direction. So, the directions
of maximum and minimum principal stresses at point P is in all directions.
Every value of q will give the same result of 175 MPa in all directions.
Sol. 77 Option (D) is correct.
Mild steel is ductile in nature and it elongates appreciable before fracture.
The stress-strain curve of a specimen tested upto failure under tension is a
measure of toughness.
Sol. 78 Option (C) is correct.
3 dimensional stress tensor is defined as
R V
S sx txy txzW
in
zij = Styx sy tyzW
.
S W
Stzx tzy szW
o
There are 9 components of theT stress tensor. X But due to complementary nature
. c
of shear stresses,
a
txy = tyx , txz = tzx and tyz = tzy
d i
So, we can say that the number of components in a stress tensor for defining
stress at a point is 6 i.e. sx , sy , sz , txy , tyz , tzx .
Sol. 79 Option (A) is correct.
n o
.
(1 - 2u)
We know the volumetric strain is, en = (s1 + s2 + s3)
w
E
Put s1 = s2 = s3 =- s ,
w en = 1 - 2u (- 3s) =
3 (1 - 2u)
s (in magnitude)
w
E E
The above equation gives the volumetric strain when the elemental volume is
©
subjected to a compressive stress of s from all sides. Negative sign indicates a
compressive volumetric strain.
So, en = 3 (1 - 2u) & s = E
s E en 3 (1 - 2u)
But s = K (Bulk modulus)
en
Hence, E = 3K (1 - 2u)
Sol. 80 Option (B) is correct.
According to Euler’s theory, the crippling or buckling load (Wcr ) under various
end conditions is given by,
2
Wcr = Cp EA
L2
Where C = constant, representing the end conditions of the column.
All parameters are same. So, Wcr \ C
(i) For both ends fixed, C = 4
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W(i)
(ii) For both ends hinged, C = 1, so, =4=4
W (ii) 1
Sol. 81 Option (D) is correct.
2
Mx =- Wx # x =-Wx
2 2
The equation for Mx gives parabolic variations for B.M. Maximum B.M. occurs
at x = L and is equal to WL2 /2 . (in magnitude)
Sol. 82 Option (B) is correct.
. i n
c o
a .
d i
o
.n
w
For stress state the maximum principal stress is given by,
w
2
Here sx = s , sy = s and zxy = s
©
Hence, s1 = 1 8(s + s) + 0 + 4s2 B = 1 [2s + 2s] = 2s
2 2
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