TY P ES O F E Q U I PME N T S I N C O N S T RU CT I O N

ar-412
building
construction
management
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GAURAV CHAUDHARY
 1. Earth Moving Equipment 1.1 Excavators

TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS

1.2 Graders
1.3 Loaders
1.4 Skid loader
1.5 Crawler loaders
1.6 Backhoe
1.7 Bulldozers
2.1 Tippers
2. Construction Vehicle 2.2 Dumbers
1.8 Trenchers
1.9 Scrapers
2.3 Trailers
1.10 Wheeled
2.4 Tankers
loading shovels

3. Material Handling Equipment 3.1 Crane

3.2 Conveyors
3.3 Hoists
3.4 ForkLifts

4.Construction Equipment 4.1 Concrete Mixture

4.2 Compactors
4.3 Pavers 5.1 Road Headers
4.4 Road Rollers 5.2 Tunnel Boring
Machines (TBM)

5. Tunneling Equipment
 EXCAVATORS

The excavator probably is the most

commonly used machine in the Construction
Industry.There are many uses of an Excavator.

• Digging of trenches, holes, foundations

• Demolition
• Material handling
• General grading/landscaping
• Brush cutting with hydraulic attachments
• Forestry work
• Lifting and placing of pipes
• Mining, especially, but not only open-pit
mining
• River dredging

An excavator is a construction vehicle used to excavate or move large objects. An Excavator is basically made up of 2 parts: a driving base associated a powerful boom arm
with an attachment designed for excavating. The operator sits within a small cab connected to the base and controls the arm.The excavator uses a Hydraulic system to gen-
erate a Hydraulic force to control the mechanical arm of the machine. It also uses a chain wheel system for it’s movement.Excavators are been used in large and small scale
constructions. They are used for small housing projects to do a cut and fill, used in road construction, used in marine structures to place armors and large rocks, and also been
used in larger sites to excavate, move construction material, remove construction waste etc….. There are several types of excavators which are classified on use, brand and
purpose.
EXCAVATORS
CABLE-OPERATED EXCAVATORS
 In the United States most standard dump trucks have one front steer-
TIPPER TRUCK ing axle and one (4x2[a] 4-wheeler)) or two (6x4 6-wheeler) rear axles
which typically have dual wheels on each side. Tandem rear axles are
almost always powered,[b] front steering axles are also sometimes
powered (4x4, 6x6). Unpowered axles are sometimes used to sup-
A dump truck, known also as a dumper truck or tipper truck is used for port extra weight.[c] Most unpowered rear axles can be raised off the
transporting loose material (such as sand, gravel, or demolition waste) ground to minimize wear when the truck is empty or lightly loaded,
for construction. A typical dump truck is equipped with an open-box and are commonly called “lift axles”.[11][12]
bed, which is hinged at the
rear and equipped with European Union heavy
hydraulic rams to lift the trucks often have two steer-
front, allowing the material ing axles. Dump truck con-
in the bed to be deposited figurations are 2, 3 and 4 ax-
(“dumped”) on the ground les. The 4-axle eight wheeler
behind the truck at the site has two steering axles at
India), tip-truck, tip-trailer, the front and two powered
tipper truck, or tipper (Aus- axles at the rear[13] and is
tralia and New Zealand). limited to 32 metric tons
(35 short tons; 31 long tons)
A standard dump truck is a gross weight in most EU
truck chassis with a dump countries.[14] The largest
body mounted to the frame. of the standard European
The bed is raised by a verti- dump trucks is commonly
cal hydraulic ram mounted under the front of the body, or a horizon- called a “centipede” and has seven axles. The front axle is the steering
tal hydraulic ram and lever arrangement between the frame rails, and axle, the rear two axles are powered, and the remaining four are lift
the back of the bed is hinged at the back of the truck. The tailgate can axles.[15]
be configured to swing up on top hinges (and sometimes also to fold
down on lower hinges)[10] or it can be configured in the “High Lift The shorter wheelbase of a standard dump truck often makes it more
Tailgate” format wherein pneumatic rams lift the gate open and up maneuverable than the higher capacity semi-trailer dump trucks.
above the dump body.
 DUMP TRUCK
A dump truck is a vehicle designed to transport bulk material, often
in construction. It has a open jump ahead with the driver seat , and
consist of a large boxlike body to contain materials. A dumper usu-
ally has 4 Wheels, where the entire load and the movement depends
on.

The jump can tipped to be the load dump; This is where the name
“dumper” comes. They are usually diesel engine. A towing eye is
equipped for use as a tractor secondary site. Modern dumpers have
payloads up to 10 tons and usually articulate perform in the mid-
dle of the housing. There are various sizes of dumpers in the present
construction industry. Apart from using them for construction, they
are also been used in Large mining tunnels and gem excavations to
remove soil and other

TRAILER
A trailer is generally an unpowered vehicle towed by a powered vehi-
cle. It is commonly used for the transport of goods and materials.

Sometimes recreational vehicles, travel trailers, or mobile homes with

limited living facilities, where people can camp or stay have been
referred to as trailers. In earlier days, many such vehicles were towable
trailers.

trailer construction vehicle

trailer construction vehicle
Commonly, the term trailer refers to such vehicles used for transport of
goods and materials in construction or other related field.
 TANKER
Not to be confused with Tank transport-
er, Gas van, or Tanker (ship).

Tank truck from 1926

Ampol Tank Truck in 1951 on Botany

Road, Mascot, New South Wales. Photo-
graph taken by Sam Hood for LJ Hooker,
State Library of New South Wales, 14089

A Shell Jet A refueler tank truck on the

ramp at Vancouver International Air-
port

1960 Peterbilt 281 tanker truck from Ste-

ven Spielberg’s 1971 film Duel

A tank truck, gas truck, fuel truck, or tanker truck (United States usage) or tanker (United Kingdom usage), is a motor vehicle designed to
carry liquefied loads, dry bulk cargo or gases on roads. The largest such vehicles are similar to railroad tank cars which are also designed to
carry liquefied loads. Many variants exist due to the wide variety of liquids that can be transported. Tank trucks tend to be large; they may be
insulated or non-insulated; pressurized or non-pressurized; and designed for single or multiple loads (often by means of internal divisions in their
tank). Some are semi-trailer trucks. They are difficult to drive due to their high center of gravity.
Large tank trucks are used for example to transport gasoline to filling stations. They also transport a wide variety of liquid goods such as liquid
sugar, molasses, milk, wine, juices, water, gasoline, diesel, and industrial chemicals.
Tank trucks are constructed of various materials depending on what products they are hauling. These materials include aluminium, carbon
steel, stainless steel, and fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP).
Some tank trucks are able to carry multiple products at once due to compartmentalization of the tank into 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or in some rare cases
more tank compartments. This allows for an increased number of delivery options. These trucks are commonly used to carry different grades of
gasoline to service stations to carry all products needed in one trip.
 CRANE

A crane is a type of machine commonly used in construction, generally equipped

with an elevator, ropes or chains and sheaves that can be used both to move and to
lift and lower materials horizontally. It is mainly used for heavy lifting and transport
to other locations.
One or more simple machines are used to provide a mechanical benefit and thus to
move loads on the normal ability of a person.
Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and un-
loading of goods for the movement of materials and manufacturing industries for
mounting agricultural machinery, in the construction industry.

CONVEYER

A conveyor structure is a common piece of mechanical handling equipment that

moves materials from one location to another location.
Conveyors use to transfer material
Conveyors use to transfer material
Conveyors are mainly useful in applications involving the transportation of heavy
or bulky materials. Conveyor systems allow quick and efficient transportation for a
wide variety of materials, which make them very popular in
the material handling and packaging industries
 HOIST

Hoist is a device for raising or lowering a load by means of a drum or wheel lift to
which wraps the rope or chain. It can be operated by hand, is driven electrically or
pneumatically, and the chain or wire rope fibers are used as lifting device. The load
connected to the lifting means of a lifting hook
Also known as a man-lift, Buck-hoist, temporal lift, builder forklifts, lift or elevator,
is this kind of lift is often in large construction projects large as tall buildings or large
hospitals. There are many other uses for the elevator.
other industries use the buck hoist for full-time operations. The purpose is to transfer
its personnel, material and equipment between the ground and the upper floors, or
between plants in the middle of a structure.

FORKLIFT
A forklift truck (lift truck, fork truck, forklift,tow-motor) is a powered industrial truck
used to lift and transport materials.
Forklift trucks are available in many variations and load capacities. In a typical ware-
house setting most forklifts used have load capacities between one to five tons. Larg-
er machines, up to 50 tons lift capacity are used for lifting heavier loads. A forklift
truck (lift truck, fork truck, forklift,tow-motor) is a powered industrial truck used to
lift and transport materials.
Forklift use for lifting materials
Forklift use for lifting materials
Forklift trucks are available in many variations and load capacities. In a typical ware-
house setting most forklifts used have load capacities between one to five tons. Larg-
er machines, up to 50 tons lift capacity are used for lifting heavier loads.
CONCRETE MIXER
A Concrete (Cement Mixer) is a machine that combines cement evenly to form ag-
gregates such as sand or gravel and water to concrete. A typical concrete mixer us-
ing a rotating drum for mixing the components. For smaller volume works portable
concrete mixers are regularly used for concrete, can be produced at the site, so that
workers have enough time to use the concrete before it hardens time.

Special trucks for transporting concrete produced and ready-mix concrete to the
construction site. They can be charged with dry materials and water, with the mixing
occurring during transport. With this method, the material was mixed. The concrete
truck transportation of liquid mixture maintained material by movement or rotation
of the drum to the delivery.
ROAD HEADER
A road header machine called a boom type road header. Road headers are advanced, self forced and extremely powerful rock cutting ma-
chines are designed to excavate roadways, tunnels and compartments continuously without using volatile. Powered electro hydraulically, they
produce no fumes and are used extensively in mineral mining, coal mining and underground construction projects, where their capacity to
excavate the desired profile without causing damaging vibrations is highly valued for both safety environmental reasons.

Road header machine

It is a piece of excavating equipment consisting of a boom
mounted cutting head, a loading machine usually involv-
ing a conveyor and a crawler travelling track to move
the whole machine forward into the rock face. The road
header also includes separate part, multi purpose hydrau-
lic cutting heads for increasing on excavators.
The cutting head can be a general purpose rotating drum
mounted in line or perpendicular to the boom or can be
particular function heads such as jack hammer like spikes,
compression fracture micro wheel heads like those on larg-
er tunnel boring machines like a gigantic chain saw for
dicing up rock or simple jaw like buckets of traditional ex-
cavators.

• Construction road headers

Road headers for construction are set with powerful, trans-
verse cutter heads proven to give the best cutting perfor-
mance in a wide range of rock formations. Subway tun-
nels, shaft sinking, rehabilitation of existing tunnels, road
tunnels and excavation of underground caverns are some examples where these machines have established their great flexibility.

• Mining road headers

Road headers for mining are prepared with powerful, transverse cutter heads proven to give an unparalleled cutting performance in a wide
range formation of rock. Mounted on an extremely robust hydraulic boom they are reliable, rugged, highly creative result for both develop-
ment and direct production duties.
TUNNEL BORING MACHINE (TBM)
Bored tunneling by using a Tunnel Bor-
ing Machine (TBM) is frequently used for
excavating long tunnels. Tunneling Bor-
ing Machine (TBM) are all the time more
used for tunneling with difficult and
complex geological environment, includ-
ing rock and soil mixed and interfaced
grounds, bursting rocks, squeezing and
swelling grounds, highly rocks fractured ,
shear and fault zones and grounds under
high in situ stress and water pressure.
Tunnel Boring Machine may be suitable
for excavating tunnels which contain
competent rocks that can provide ad-
equate geological stability for boring a
long section tunnel without structural
support. However, very hard rock can
cause major wear of the TBM rock cutter
and may slow down the progress of the
tunneling works to the point where TBM
becomes useless and uneconomical and
may take longer time than the drill and

blast tunneling method.

Bored tunneling Benefits
• Possible environmental impacts in terms of dust, noise and visual on sensitive receives are much reduced and are restricted to those located
near the launching and retrieval shafts
• Compared with the cut and cover approach, trouble to local traffic and associated environmental crash would be much reduced