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960 SP PhysicsB PDF
960 SP PhysicsB PDF
PEPERIKSAAN
SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION)
PHYSICS
Syllabus and Specimen Papers
This syllabus applies for the 2012/2013 session and thereafter until further notice.
NATIONAL EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY
This revised Physics syllabus is designed to replace the existing syllabus which has been in use since
the 2001 STPM examination. This new syllabus will be enforced in 2012 and the first examination
will also be held the same year. The revision of the syllabus takes into account the changes made by
the Malaysian Examinations Council (MEC) to the existing STPM examination. Through the new
system, the form sixth study will be divided into three terms, and candidates will sit for an
examination at the end of each term. The new syllabus fulfils the requirements of this new system.
The main objective of introducing the new examination system is to enhance the teaching and
learning orientation of form six so as to be in line with the orientation of teaching and learning in
colleges and universities.
The revision of the Physics syllabus incorporates current developments in physics studies and syllabus
design in Malaysia. The syllabus will give candidates exposure to pre-university level of Physics that
includes mechanics and thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, oscillations and waves, optics,
and modern physics.
The syllabus contains topics, teaching periods, learning outcomes, examination format, grade
description and specimen papers.
The design of this syllabus was undertaken by a committee chaired by Professor Dato’ Dr. Mohd.
Zambri bin Zainuddin from Universiti Malaya. Other committee members consist of university
lecturers, representatives from the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Education
Malaysia, and experienced teachers who are teaching Physics. On behalf of MEC, I would like to
thank the committee for their commitment and invaluable contribution. It is hoped that this syllabus
will be a guide for teachers and candidates in the teaching and learning process.
Chief Executive
Malaysian Examinations Council
CONTENTS
Page
Aims 1
Objectives 1
Content
Scheme of Assessment 25 – 26
Performance Descriptions 27
Values of constants 31
Reference Books 32
Specimen Paper 1 33 – 54
Specimen Paper 2 55 – 78
Aims
This syllabus aims to enhance candidates’ knowledge and understanding of physics to enable them to
either further their studies at institutions of higher learning or assist them to embark on a related
career and also to promote awareness among them of the role of physics in the universe.
Objectives
1
FIRST TERM: MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
1.1 Base quantities and 1 (a) list base quantities and their SI units:
SI units mass (kg), length (m), time (s), current (A),
temperature (K) and quantity of matter (mol);
(b) deduce units for derived quantities;
1.3 Scalars and vectors 2 (f) determine the sum, the scalar product and
vector product of coplanar vectors;
(g) resolve a vector to two perpendicular
components;
2.1 Linear motion 2 (a) derive and use equations of motion with
constant acceleration;
(b) sketch and use the graphs of displacement-
time, velocity-time and acceleration-time for
the motion of a body with constant
acceleration;
2
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
3.3 Elastic and inelastic 2 (g) distinguish between elastic collisions and
collisions inelastic collisions (knowledge of coefficient
of restitution is not required);
(h) solve problems involving collisions between
particles in one dimension;
3.4 Centre of mass 1 (i) define centre of mass for a system of particles
in a plane;
(j) predict the path of the centre of mass of a two-
particle system;
3.5 Frictional forces 2 (k) explain the variation of frictional force with
sliding force;
(l) define and use coefficient of static function
and coefficient of kinetic friction.
4.2 Potential energy and 2 (d) derive and use the formula: potential energy
kinetic energy change = mgh near the surface of the Earth;
(e) derive and use the formula: kinetic energy
1
mv 2 ;
2
3
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
5.3 Centripetal force 5 (f) explain that uniform circular motion is due to
the action of a resultant force that is always
directed to the centre of the circle;
(g) use the formulae for centripetal force
mv 2
F and F mr 2 ;
r
(h) solve problems involving uniform horizontal
circular motion for a point mass;
(i) solve problems involving vertical circular
motions for a point mass (knowledge of
tangential acceleration is not required).
6.1 Newton’s law of 1 (a) state Newton’s law of universal gravitation and
universal gravitation GMm
use the formula F ;
r2
4
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
GM
(d) use the equation g for a gravitational
r2
field;
6.5 Escape velocity 1 (m) derive and use the equation for escape
2GM
velocity ve and ve 2 gR .
R
5
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
8.1 Stress and strain 1 (a) define stress and strain for a stretched wire or
elastic string;
8.3 Strain energy 2 (h) derive and use the formula for strain energy;
(i) calculate strain energy from force-extension
graphs or stress-strain graphs.
9.1 Ideal gas equation 2 (a) use the ideal gas equation pV nRT ;
9.2 Pressure of a gas 2 (b) state the assumptions of the kinetic theory of
an ideal gas;
(c) derive and use the equation for the pressure
1
exerted by an ideal gas p c2 ;
3
9.3 Molecular kinetic 2 (d) state and use the relationship between the
energy Boltzmann constant and molar gas constant
R
k ;
NA
6
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
9.4 The r.m.s. speed of 2 (f) calculate the r.m.s. speed of gas molecules;
molecules
(g) sketch the molecular speed distribution graph
and explain the shape of the graph (description
of the experiment is not required);
(h) predict the variation of molecular speed
distribution with temperature;
9.6 Internal energy of an 3 (m) distinguish between an ideal gas and a real gas;
ideal gas
(n) explain the concept of internal energy of an
ideal gas;
(o) derive and use the relationship between the
internal energy and the number of degrees of
freedom.
10.1 Heat capacities 2 (a) define heat capacity, specific heat capacity and
molar heat capacity;
(b) use the equations:
Q CΔ , Q mcΔ , Q nCV,m Δ and
Q nCp,m Δ ;
10.2 Work done by a gas 1 (c) derive and use the equation for work done by
a gas W p dV ;
7
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
10.3 First law of 5 (d) state and apply the first law of
thermodynamics thermodynamics Q U W;
8
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
11.4 Global warming 1 (k) explain the greenhouse effect and thermal
pollution;
(l) suggest ways to reduce global warming.
9
SECOND TERM: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
12.1 Coulomb’s law 2 (a) state Coulomb’s law, and use the formula
Qq
F ;
4 0r 2
12.2 Electric field 3 (b) explain the meaning of electric field, and
sketch the field pattern for an isolated point
charge, an electric dipole and a uniformly
charged surface;
(c) define the electric field strength, and use the
F
formula E ;
q
(d) describe the motion of a point charge in a
uniform electric field;
12.3 Gauss’s law 4 (e) state Gauss’s law, and apply it to derive the
electric field strength for an isolated point
charge, an isolated charged conducting sphere
and a uniformly charged plate;
10
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
r 0A
(f) use the formula C ;
d
13.4 Capacitors in series 2 (g) derive and use the formulae for effective
and in parallel capacitance of capacitors in series and in
parallel;
13.6 Charging and 4 (i) describe the charging and discharging process
discharging of a of a capacitor through a resistor;
capacitor
(j) define the time constant, and use the formula
RC ;
(k) derive and use the formulae
t t
Q Q0 1 e ,V V0 1 e and
t
I I 0e for charging a capacitor through a
resistor;
t
(l) derive and use the formulae Q Q0 e ,
t t
V V0e and I I 0e for discharging a
capacitor through a resistor;
(m) solve problems involving charging and
discharging of a capacitor through a resistor.
14.1 Conduction of 2 (a) define electric current, and use the equation
electricity dQ
I ;
dt
(b) explain the mechanism of conduction of
electricity in metals;
11
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
ne 2t
14.4 Electric conductivity 4 (g) derive and use the equation ;
m
and resistivity
RA
(h) define resistivity, and use the formula ;
l
(i) show the equivalence between Ohm’s law and
the relationship J E;
(j) explain the dependence of resistivity on
temperature for metals and semiconductors by
ne 2t
using the equation ;
m
(k) discuss the effects of temperature change on
the resistivity of conductors, semiconductors
and superconductors.
15.1 Internal resistance 1 (a) explain the effects of internal resistance on the
terminal potential difference of a battery in a
circuit;
12
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
16.2 Force on a moving 3 (b) use the formula for the force on a moving
charge charge F qv B ;
(c) use the equation F qvB sin to define
magnetic flux density B;
(d) describe the motion of a charged particle
parallel and perpendicular to a uniform
magnetic field;
16.4 Magnetic fields due to 4 (g) state Ampere’s law, and use it to derive the
currents 0I
magnetic field of a straight wire B ;
2πr
0 NI
(h) use the formulae B for a circular coil
2r
and B 0 nI for a solenoid;
16.6 Determination of the 2 (j) describe the motion of a charged particle in the
e presence of both magnetic and electric fields
ratio (for v, B and E perpendicular to each other);
m
(k) explain the principles of the determination of
e
the ratio for electrons in Thomson’s
m
experiment (quantitative treatment is required);
16.7 Hall effect 2 (l) explain Hall effect, and derive an expression
for Hall voltage VH ;
(m) state the applications of Hall effect.
13
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
17.2 Faraday’s law and 8 (b) state and use Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law;
Lenz’s law
(c) derive and use the equation for induced e.m.f.
in linear conductors and plane coils in uniform
magnetic fields;
17.4 Energy stored in an 2 (g) use the formula for the energy stored in an
inductor 1 2
inductor U LI ;
2
18.1 Alternating current 3 (a) explain the concept of the r.m.s. value of an
through a resistor alternating current, and calculate its value for
the sinusoidal case only;
(b) derive an expression for the current from
V V0 sin t ;
(c) explain the phase difference between the
current and voltage for a pure resistor;
(d) derive and use the formula for the power in an
alternating current circuit which consists only
of a pure resistor;
14
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
18.2 Alternating current 3 (e) derive an expression for the current from
through an inductor V V0 sin t ;
(f) explain the phase difference between the
current and voltage for a pure inductor;
(g) define the reactance of a pure inductor;
(h) use the formula X L L;
(i) derive and use the formula for the power in an
alternating current circuit which consists only
of a pure inductor;
18.3 Alternating current 3 (j) derive an expression for the current from
through a capacitor V V0 sin t ;
(k) explain the phase difference between the
current and voltage for a pure capacitor;
(l) define the reactance of a pure capacitor;
1
(m) use the formula X C ;
C
(n) derive and use the formula for the power in an
alternating current circuit which consists only
of a pure capacitor;
15
THIRD TERM: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES, OPTICS, AND MODERN PHYSICS
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
19.3 Energy in simple 2 (f) derive and use the expressions for kinetic
harmonic motion energy and potential energy;
(g) describe, with graphical illustrations, the
variation in kinetic energy and potential energy
with time and displacement;
19.4 Systems in simple 3 (h) derive and use expressions for the periods of
harmonic motion oscillations for spring-mass and simple
pendulum systems;
19.5 Damped oscillations 1 (i) describe the changes in amplitude and energy
for a damped oscillating system;
(j) distinguish between under damping, critical
damping and over damping;
19.6 Forced oscillations and 1 (k) distinguish between free oscillations and
resonance forced oscillations;
(l) state the conditions for resonance to occur.
20.1 Progressive waves 3 (a) interpret and use the progressive wave
equation y = A sin ( t kx) or
y = A cos ( t kx);
(b) sketch and interpret the displacement-time
graph and the displacement-distance graph;
16
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
2 x
(c) use the formula ;
λ
(d) derive and use the relationship v f ;
20.2 Wave intensity 2 (e) define intensity and use the relationship
I A2 ;
(f) describe the variation of intensity with distance
of a point source in space;
20.5 Electromagnetic waves 2 (k) state that electromagnetic waves are made up
of electrical vibrations E = E0 sin ( t kx)
and magnetic vibrations B = B0 sin ( t kx);
(l) state the characteristics of electromagnetic
waves;
(m) compare electromagnetic waves with
mechanical waves;
1
(n) state the formula c , and explain its
0 0
significance;
(o) state the orders of the magnitude of
wavelengths and frequencies for different
types of electromagnetic waves.
21.1 Propagation of sound 2 (a) explain the propagation of sound waves in air
waves in terms of pressure variation and
displacement;
(b) interpret the equations for displacement
y y0 sin ( t kx) and pressure
p = p0 sin t kx ;
2
17
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
21.3 Intensity level of 2 (f) define and calculate the intensity level of
sound sound;
21.5 Doppler effect 4 (i) describe the Doppler effect for sound, and use
the derived formulae (for source and/or
observer moving along the same line).
18
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
23.5 Diffraction by a single 2 (i) explain the diffraction pattern for a single slit;
slit
λ
(j) use the formula sin θ for the first
a
minimum in the diffraction pattern for a single
slit;
(k) use the formula sin = as the resolving
a
power of an aperture;
19
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
23.6 Diffraction gratings 3 (l) explain the diffraction pattern for a diffraction
grating;
(m) use the formula d sin θ mλ for a diffraction
grating;
(n) describe the use of a diffraction grating to form
the spectrum of white light, and to determine
the wavelength of monochromatic light;
23.8 Optical waveguides 2 (s) explain the basic principles of fibre optics and
waveguides;
(t) state the applications of fibre optics and
waveguides.
20
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
24.3 Atomic structure 4 (k) state Bohr’s postulates for a hydrogen atom;
(l) derive an expression for the radii of the orbits
in Bohr’s model;
Z 2e4m
(m) derive the formula E n 2
for
8 0 h2n2
Bohr’s model;
(n) explain the production of emission line spectra
with reference to the transitions between
energy levels;
(o) explain the concepts of excitation energy and
ionisation energy;
21
Teaching
Topic Learning Outcome
Period
25.3 Nuclear reactions 4 (m) state and apply the conservation of nucleon
number and charge in nuclear reactions;
(n) apply the principle of mass-energy
conservation to calculate the energy released
(Q – value) in a nuclear reaction;
(o) relate the occurrence of fission and fusion
to the graph of binding energy per nucleon
against nucleon number;
(p) explain the conditions for a chain reaction to
occur;
(q) describe a controlled fission process in a
reactor;
(r) describe a nuclear fusion process which occurs
in the Sun.
22
The Practical Syllabus
School-based Assessment of Practical
School-based assessment of practical work is carried out throughout the form six school terms for
candidates from government schools and private schools which have been approved by MEC to carry
out the school-based assessment.
MEC will determine 13 compulsory experiments and one project to be carried out by the
candidates and to be assessed by the subject teachers in the respective terms. The project will be
carried out during the third term in groups of two or three candidates. Details of the title, topic,
objective, theory, apparatus and procedure of each of the experiments and project will be specified in
the Teacher’s and Student’s Manual for Practical Physics which can be downloaded from MEC’s
Portal (http://www.mpm.edu.my) by the subject teachers during the first term of form six.
Candidates should be supplied with a work scheme before the day of the compulsory experiment
so as to enable them to plan their practical work. Each experiment is expected to last one school
double period. Assessment of the practical work is done by the subject teachers during the practical
sessions and also based on the practical reports. The assessment should comply with the assessment
guidelines prepared by MEC.
A repeating candidate may use the total mark obtained in the coursework for the subsequent
STPM examination. Requests to carry forward the moderated coursework mark should be made
during the registration of the examination.
The Physics practical course for STPM should achieve its objective to improve the quality of
candidates in the aspects as listed below.
(a) The ability to follow a set or sequence of instructions.
(b) The ability to plan and carry out experiments using appropriate methods.
(c) The ability to choose suitable equipment and use them correctly and carefully.
(d) The ability to determine the best range of readings for more detailed and careful
measurements.
(e) The ability to make observations, to take measurements and to record data with attention
given to precision, accuracy and units.
(f) The awareness of the importance of check readings and repeat readings.
(g) The awareness of the limits of accuracy of observations and measurements.
(h) The ability to present data and information clearly in appropriate forms.
(i) The ability to interpret, analyse and evaluate observations, experimental data, perform error
analysis and make deductions.
(j) The ability to make conclusions.
(k) The awareness of the safety measures which need to be taken.
23
The objective of the project work is to enable candidates to acquire knowledge and integrate
practical skills in Physics with the aid of information and communications technology as well as to
develop soft skills as follows:
(a) communications,
(b) teamwork,
(c) critical thinking and problem solving,
(d) flexibility/adaptability,
(e) leadership,
(f) organising,
(g) information communications and technology,
(h) moral and ethics.
The main objective of the written practical test is to assess the candidates’ understanding of practical
procedures in the laboratory.
Three structured questions on routine practical work and/or design of experiments will be set.
MEC will not be strictly bound by the syllabus in setting questions. Where appropriate, candidates
will be given sufficient information to enable them to answer the questions. Only knowledge of theory
within the syllabus and knowledge of usual laboratory practical procedures will be expected.
24
Scheme of Assessment
25
Term of Paper Code Mark
Theme/Title Type of Test Duration Administration
Study and Name (Weighting)
26
Performance Descriptions
27
Summary of Key Quantities and Units
Candidates are expected to be familiar with the following quantities, their symbols, their units, and
their interrelationships. They should also be able to perform calculations and deal with questions
involving these quantities as indicated in the syllabus. The list should not be considered exhaustive.
Base quantities
Other quantities
Acceleration a ms 2
Acceleration of free fall g ms 2
Activity of radioactive source A s 1, Bq
Amplitude A m
Angular displacement
. , rad
Angular frequency rad s 1
Angular momentum L kg m2 rad s 1
28
Quantity Usual symbols Units
Force constant k Nm 1
Frequency f Hz
Gravitational field strength g N kg 1
Gravitational potential V J kg 1
Half-life t½ s
Heat Q J
Heat capacity C JK 1
Image distance v m
Impedance Z
2
Intensity I Wm
Internal energy U J
Latent heat L J
Magnetic flux Φ Wb
Magnetic flux density B T
Magnification power m
Mass number (nucleon number) A
Mass per unit length kg m 1
Molar heat capacity Cm J K 1 mol 1
Radius r m
Ratio of heat capacities
Reactance X
Refractive index n
Relative atomic mass Ar
Relative molecular mass Mr
Relative permeability r
Relative permittivity r
Resistance R
Resistivity m
Self-inductance L H
Specific heat capacity c J K 1 kg 1
29
Quantity Usual symbols Units
Stress Pa
Surface charge density Cm 2
Temperature T, K, C
Tension T N
Thermal conductivity k Wm 1K 1
Time constant s
Torque Nm
Velocity u, v ms 1
Volume V m3
Wavelength m
Wave number k m1
Weight W N
Work W J
Work function ,W J
Young’s modulus E, Y Pa, N m 2
30
960 PHYSICS
Values of constants
2
Acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s
Avogadro’s constant NA = 6.02 1023 mol 1
11
Gravitational constant G = 6.67 10 N m2 kg 2
19
Magnitude of electronic charge e = 1.60 10 C
24
Mass of the Earth ME = 5.97 10 kg
Mass of the Sun MS = 1.99 1030 kg
Molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K 1 mol 1
12 1
Permittivity of free space 0 = 8.85 10 Fm
1 9 1
= 10 Fm
36
Planck’s constant h = 6.63 10 34
Js
6
Radius of the Earth RE = 6.38 10 m
Radius of the Sun RS = 6.96 108 m
31
Rest mass of electron me = 9.11 10 kg
27
Rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 10 kg
Speed of light in free space c = 3.00 108 m s 1
27
Unified atomic mass unit u = 1.66 10 kg
31
Reference Books
Teachers and candidates may use books specially written for the STPM examination and other
reference books such as those listed below.
1. Adam, S. and Allday, J., 2000. Advanced Physics. New York: Oxford.
2. Breithaupt, J., 2000. Understanding Physics for Advanced Level. 4th edition. Cheltenham:
Nelson Thornes.
3. Duncan, T., 2000. Advanced Physics. 5th edition. London: John Murray.
4. Giancoli, D.C., 2008. Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics. 4th edition.
New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
5. Giancoli, D.C., 2008. Physics-Principles with Application. 6th edition. New Jersey: Pearson
Prentice Hall.
6. Halliday, D., Resnick, R., and Walker, J., 2008. Fundamentals of Physics. 8th edition. New
Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
8. Jewett Jr, J.W. and Serway, R.A., 2006. Serway’s Principles of Physics. 4th edition. California:
Thomson Brooks/Cole.
9. Jewett Jr, J.W. and Serway, R.A., 2008. Physics for Scientists and Engineers. 7th edition.
California: Thomson Brooks/Cole.
10. Nelkon, M. and Parker, P., 1995. Advanced Level Physics. 7th edition. Oxford: Heinemann.
11. Young, H.D. and Freedman, R.A., 2011. University Physics with Modern Physics. 13th edition.
California: Pearson Addison Wesley.
32
SPECIMEN PAPER
960/1 STPM
PHYSICS (FIZIK)
PAPER 1 (KERTAS 1)
One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)
MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)
Instructions to candidates:
(Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.)
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE For examiner’s use
Please tear off along the perforated line.
33
BLANK PAGE
960/1
34
HALAMAN KOSONG
960/1
35
Section A [15 marks]
2 A ball is thrown upwards several times with the same speed at different angles of projection.
Which graph shows the variation of the horizontal range R with the angle of projection ?
C D
3 A body with mass 6 kg is acted by a force F which varies with time t as shown in the graph
below.
F/N
10
0 T t/s
If the change of the momentum of the body after time T is 30 N s, what is the value of T ?
A 3s B 5s C 6s D 12 s
960/1
36
Bahagian A [15 markah]
1 Rumus yang manakah yang tidak mempunyai unit yang sama dengan kerja?
A Kuasa masa
B Tekanan isi padu
C Jisim keupayaan graviti
D Muatan haba tentu suhu
2 Sebiji bola dilontarkan ke atas beberapa kali dengan laju yang sama pada sudut pelontaran yang
berbeza. Graf yang manakah yang menunjukkan ubahan julat mengufuk R dengan sudut pelontaran
?
C D
3 Satu jasad dengan jisim 6 kg ditindakkan oleh satu daya F yang berubah dengan masa t
ditunjukkan dalam graf di bawah.
F/N
10
0 T t/s
Jika perubahan momentum jasad itu selepas masa T ialah 30 N s, berapakah nilai T ?
A 3s B 5s C 6s D 12 s
960/1
37
4 Which statement is true of the static friction between two surfaces?
A It is always constant.
B It depends on the surface area.
C It depends on the nature of the surfaces.
D It is always smaller than the kinetic friction.
5 A car of mass m with effective power P and initial velocity u climbs a hill of height h. The car
arrives at the peak of the hill at velocity v in time t. Which is true of the motion?
1 1 2
A Pt mu 2 mv mgh
2 2
1 2 1
B Pt mv mu 2 mgh
2 2
1 1 2
C Pt mgh mu 2 mv
2 2
1 2 1
D Pt mgh mv mu 2
2 2
6 A car of mass 1000 kg moves along the corner of a level road having a radius of curvature 35.0 m.
If the limiting frictional force between the tyres and the road is 4.0 kN, the maximum speed of the car
without skidding at the corner is
1 1 1 1
A 4.0 m s B 8.8 m s C 11.8 m s D 140.0 m s
8 A ladder PQ with the centre of mass R resting on a wall QS is shown in the diagram below.
T
Q
P S
If the ladder is in equilibrium and the resultant forces at P and Q are FP and FQ respectively, FP
and FQ must act through point
A R B S C T D U
960/1
38
4 Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang geseran statik antara dua permukaan?
A Ia sentiasa malar.
B Ia bergantung kepada luas permukaan itu.
C Ia bergantung kepada sifat permukaan itu.
D Ia sentiasa lebih kecil daripada geseran kinetik.
5 Sebuah kereta berjisim m dengan kuasa berkesan P dan halaju awal u mendaki sebuah bukit
setinggi h. Kereta itu tiba di puncak bukit pada halaju v dalam masa t. Yang manakah yang benar
tentang gerakan itu?
1 1 2
A Pt mu 2 mv mgh
2 2
1 2 1
B Pt mv mu 2 mgh
2 2
1 1 2
C Pt mgh mu 2 mv
2 2
1 2 1
D Pt mgh mv mu 2
2 2
6 Sebuah kereta berjisim 1000 kg bergerak melalui satu selekoh jalan raya yang rata yang
mempunyai jejari kelengkungan 35.0 m. Jika had daya geseran antara tayar dengan jalan raya ialah
4.0 kN, laju maksimum tanpa tergelincir kereta pada selekoh itu ialah
1 1 1 1
A 4.0 m s B 8.8 m s C 11.8 m s D 140.0 m s
8 Satu tangga PQ dengan pusat jisim R yang bersandar pada dinding QS ditunjukkan dalam gambar
rajah di bawah.
T
Q
P S
Jika tangga itu berada dalam keseimbangan dan daya paduan di P dan Q masing-masing ialah FP
dan FQ, FP dan FQ mesti bertindak melalui titik
A R B S C T D U
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9 Which of the following best shows the stiffness of a solid?
A Young’s modulus
B Elastic limit
C Yield point
D Tensile strength
10 The temperature of two moles of a diatomic gas is raised by 8.0 C from room temperature. The
increase in the internal energy of the gas is
A 2.0 × 102 J B 3.3 × 102 J C 7.0 × 103 J D 1.2 × 104 J
11 The ratio of the molar heat capacity of an ideal gas is 1.4. What is the number of degrees of
freedom of the gas?
A 3 B 5 C 6 D 7
12 Molar heat capacity at constant pressure differs from molar heat capacity at constant volume
because
A the internal energy of the gas is higher at constant pressure
B extra heat is required to expand the gas at constant pressure
C extra heat is required to increase the degree of freedom of the gas at constant volume
D work is required to overcome the attractive force between molecules which is stronger at
constant pressure
13 An ideal gas in a cylinder is compressed isothermally. Which statement is true of the gas?
A No work is done on the gas.
B Heat is released from the gas.
C The internal energy of the gas increases.
D The potential energy of the gas molecules increases.
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9 Yang manakah yang paling baik menunjukkan kekakuan suatu pepejal?
A Modulus Young’s
B Had kenyal
C Titik alah
D Kekuatan tegangan
10 Suhu dua mol gas dwiatom dinaikkan sebanyak 8.0 C dari suhu bilik. Pertambahan tenaga dalam
bagi gas itu ialah
A 2.0 × 102 J B 3.3 × 102 J C 7.0 × 103 J D 1.2 × 104 J
11 Nisbah muatan haba molar suatu gas unggul ialah 1.4. Berapakah bilangan darjah kebebasan gas
itu?
A 3 B 5 C 6 D 7
12 Muatan haba molar pada tekanan malar berbeza daripada muatan haba molar pada isi padu molar
kerana
A tenaga dalam suatu gas adalah lebih tinggi pada tekanan malar
B haba tambahan diperlukan untuk mengembangkan gas pada tekanan malar
C haba tambahan diperlukan untuk meningkatkan darjah kebebasan gas pada isi padu malar
D kerja diperlukan untuk mengatasi daya tarikan antara molekul yang lebih kuat pada tekanan
malar
13 Suatu gas unggul dalam satu silinder dimampatkan secara isoterma. Penyataan yang manakah
yang benar tentang gas itu?
A Tiada kerja dilakukan ke atas gas.
B Haba dibebaskan daripada gas.
C Tenaga dalam gas itu meningkat.
D Tenaga keupayaan molekul gas meningkat.
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14 Two perfectly insulated uniform rods R and S of the same material joined thermally is shown in
the diagram below.
Insulator
100 C R S 50 C
Insulator
The length of rod R is two times the length of rod S. The cross-sectional area of rod R is half the
cross-sectional area of rod S. If the free ends of R and S are fixed at 100 C and 50 C respectively,
what is the temperature at the junction of rod R and rod S?
A 55 C B 60 C C 75 C D 90 C
15 The Sun continuously radiates energy into space, some of which is received by the Earth. The
average temperature on the surface of the Earth remains at about 300 K because
A the Earth reflects the Sun’s light
B the thermal conductivity of the Earth is low
C the Earth radiates an amount of energy into space equal to the amount it absorbed
D the energy only raises the temperature of the upper atmosphere and never reaches the
surface
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14 Dua rod seragam R dan S yang bertebat dengan sempurna daripada bahan yang sama disambung
secara terma ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.
Penebat
100 C R S 50 C
Penebat
Panjang rod R adalah dua kali panjang rod S. Luas keratan rentas rod R adalah setengah luas
keratan rentas rod S. Jika hujung bebas R dan S masing-masing ditetapkan pada 100 C and 50 C,
berapakah suhu pada simpang rod R dan rod S?
A 55 C B 60 C C 75 C D 90 C
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HALAMAN KOSONG
Section B [15 marks]
16 A wire with cross-sectional area 0.50 mm2 and length 20.0 cm is pulled at both ends by a force of
55 N as shown in the diagram below.
F = 55 N Wire F = 55 N
(b) If the extension is 0.40 cm, calculate the strain in the wire. [2 marks]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State two physical conditions under which a gas behave as an ideal gas. [2 marks]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) A 0.035 m3 gas tank contains 7.0 kg of butane gas. Assuming that the gas behaves as an ideal
gas, calculate its pressure at 27 C. [3 marks]
[The molecular mass of butane is 58 g mol–1.]
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Bahagian B [15 markah]
16 Satu dawai dengan luas kerata rentas 0.50 mm2 dan panjang 20.0 cm ditarik di kedua-dua hujung
oleh satu daya 55 N seperti ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.
F = 55 N Dawai F = 55 N
(b) Jika pemanjangan ialah 0.40 cm, hitung terikan dalam dawai itu. [2 markah]
Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.
(d) Hitung tenaga terikan yang tersimpan dalam dawai itu. [2 markah]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Nyatakan dua syarat fizikal yang mana satu gas bertindak sebagai satu gas unggul.
[2 markah]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Sebuah tangki gas 0.035 m3 mengandungi 7.0 kg gas butana. Andaikan bahawa gas itu
bertindak sebagai satu gas unggul, hitung tekanannya pada 27 C. [3 markah]
[Jisim molekul butana ialah 58 g mol–1.]
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HALAMAN KOSONG
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Section C [30 marks]
(b) An object of mass M is moving with velocity u, and collides elastically with another object of
mass m at rest. After the collision, M and m move with velocities v1 and v2 respectively.
(i) Write the equations to show the conservation of the kinetic energy and the conservation
of the linear momentum. [2 marks]
(ii) Using the equations in (b)(i), obtain a relationship between u, v1 and v2. [3 marks]
(iii) Determine the condition required for the object of mass M to stop after the collision.
[3 marks]
(iv) If M = 40.0 g, m = 60.0 g and u = 8.0 m s–1, calculate the percentage change in kinetic
energy of the object of mass M after the collision. [3 marks]
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Bahagian C [30 markah]
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20 (a) (i) State the first law of thermodynamics. [2 marks]
(ii) Using the first law of thermodynamics, explain the changes due to the work done in an
isothermal expansion and an adiabatic expansion for an ideal gas. [5 marks]
(b) A pump which is used to compress air into a big tank is shown in the diagram below.
0.300 m
Initially the air in the pump is at atmospheric pressure 1.01 × 105 Pa and temperature 300 K. The
pump has a uniform cylindrical space of length 0.300 m, and the valve opens when the air in the pump
exceeds a pressure of 6.25 × 105 Pa. Assuming that the compression is adiabatic and that the air
behaves as a diatomic ideal gas,
(i) determine the distance for which the piston moves before the air starts to enter the tank,
[4 marks]
(ii) determine the temperature of the compressed air, [2 marks]
(iii) determine the work done by the pump to fill 50.0 mol of air into the tank. [2 marks]
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20 (a) (i) Nyatakan hukum termodinamik pertama. [2 markah]
(ii) Dengan menggunakan hukum termodinamik pertama, jelaskan perubahan yang
disebabkan oleh kerja yang dilakukan dalam pengembangan isoterma dan pengembangan adiabatik
bagi satu gas unggul. [5 markah]
(b) Satu pam yang digunakan untuk memampatkan udara ke dalam satu tangki besar ditunjukkan
dalam gambar rajah di bawah.
0.300 m
Pada awalnya udara di dalam pam ialah pada tekanan atmosfera 1.01 × 105 Pa dan suhu 300 K.
Pam itu mempunyai ruang silinder yang seragam dengan panjang 0.300 m, dan injap terbuka apabila
udara di dalam pam melebihi tekanan 6.25 × 105 Pa. Andaikan bahawa mampatan itu ialah mampatan
adiabatik dan udaranya bertindak sebagai satu gas unggul dwiatom,
(i) tentukan jarak pada ketika piston bergerak sebelum udara mula memasuki tangki,
[4 markah]
(ii) tentukan suhu udara yang termampat, [2 markah]
(iii) tentukan kerja yang dilakukan oleh pam untuk memenuhkan 50.0 mol udara ke dalam
tangki itu. [2 markah]
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Values of constants
(Nilai Pemalar)
2
Acceleration of free fall (Pecutan jatuh bebas) g = 9.81 m s
Avogadro constant (Pemalar Avogadro) NA = 6.02 1023 mol 1
23 1
Boltzmann constant (Pemalar Boltzmann) k, kB = 1.38 10 JK
11
Gravitational constant (Pemalar graviti) G = 6.67 10 N m2 kg 2
19
Magnitude of electronic (Magnitud cas elektron) e = 1.60 10 C
charge
Mass of the Earth (Jisim Bumi) ME = 5.97 1024 kg
Mass of the Sun (Jisim Matahari) MS = 1.99 1030 kg
Molar gas constant (Pemalar gas molar) R = 8.31 J K 1 mol 1
12 1
Permittivity of free space (Ketelusan ruang bebas) ε0 = 8.85 10 Fm
= 1 9 1
10 Fm
36
Planck’s constant (Pemalar Planck) h = 6.63 10 34
Js
6
Radius of the Earth (Jejari Bumi) RE = 6.38 10 m
Radius of the Sun (Jejari Matahari) RS = 6.96 108 m
31
Rest mass of electron (Jisim rehat elektron) me = 9.11 10 kg
27
Rest mass of proton (Jisim rehat proton) mp = 1.67 10 kg
Speed of light in free space (Laju cahaya dalam ruang bebas) c = 3.00 108 m s 1
27
Unified atomic mass unit (Unit jisim atom bersatu) u = 1.66 10 kg
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Identity card number:………………………….. Centre number/index number:……………………….
(Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)
SPECIMEN PAPER
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PHYSICS (FIZIK)
PAPER 2 (KERTAS 2)
One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)
MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)
Instructions to candidates:
(Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.)
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE For examiner’s use
Please tear off along the perforated line.
55
BLANK PAGE
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HALAMAN KOSONG
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Section A [15 marks]
1 A Gaussian surface encloses a charge of 2.0 C in vacuum. What is the electric flux through the
surface?
17
A 1.8 × 10 Vm
B 4.4 × 10 6 V m
C 1.8 × 104 V m
D 2.3 × 105 V m
3 The space between the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor needs to be completely filled by a
dielectric material to increase its capacitance. Which will give the highest capacitance?
Dielectric material Permittivity Thickness
A Teflon 2 0 0.4 mm
B Quartz 3 0 0.8 mm
C Glass 4 0 1.0 mm
D Mica 5 0 1.2 mm
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Bahagian A [15 markah]
1 Satu permukaan Gauss mengurungi cas 2.0 C dalam vakum. Berapakah fluks elektrik menerusi
permukaan itu?
17
A 1.8 × 10 Vm
B 4.4 × 10 6 V m
C 1.8 × 104 V m
D 2.3 × 105 V m
2 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang cas terpencil sfera pengkonduksi?
A Medan elektrik wujud di dalam konduktor.
B Keupayaan di dalam konduktor adalah malar.
C Taburan cas pada konduktor adalah seragam.
D Cas ditaburkan hanya pada permukaan konduktor.
3 Ruang di antara plat-plat satu kapasitor plat selari perlu dipenuhkan selengkapnya dengan bahan
dielektrik untuk meningkatkan nilai kapasitans. Yang manakah yang akan memberikan kapasitans
yang paling tinggi?
Bahan dielektrik Ketelusan Ketebalan
A Teflon 2 0 0.4 mm
B Kuartz 3 0 0.8 mm
C Kaca 4 0 1.0 mm
D Mika 5 0 1.2 mm
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4 A switch S connected to terminal 1 at time t = 0 is shown in the circuit diagram below.
When the voltmeter reading has reached V0 at time t = T, the switch S is flipped to terminal 2.
Which graph shows the correct variation of voltmeter reading V with time t?
5 The equation which relates the electrical conductivity of the material of a conductor with other
ne 2t
quantities is , where n, e and m are symbols with the usual meaning. t in the equation
m
represents
A the thickness of the conductor
B the mean distance between adjacent atoms in the conductor
C the mean time between the collisions of free electrons with lattice ions
D the mean time for a free electron to move from one end to the other end of the conductor
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4 Satu suis S yang disambungkan ke terminal 1 pada masa t = 0 ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah
litar di bawah.
Apabila bacaan voltmeter telah mencapai V0 pada masa t = T, suis S ditukar ke terminal 2. Graf
yang manakah yang menunjukkan dengan betul ubahan bacaan voltmeter V dengan masa t?
5 Persamaan yang mengaitkan kekonduksian elektrik bahan suatu konduktor dengan kuantiti-
2
ne t
kuantiti lain ialah , dengan n, e, dan m adalah simbol yang membawa makna yang biasa. t
m
dalam persamaan itu mewakili
A ketebalan konduktor itu
B min jarak antara atom-atom bersebelahan dalam konduktor itu
C min masa antara perlanggaran elektron bebas dengan ion kekisi
D min masa bagi satu elektron bebas untuk bergerak dari satu hujung konduktor ke hujung yang
lain
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6 When a potential difference V is applied across two ends of a copper wire with diameter d and
d L
length L, the drift velocity of the electrons is v. If a copper wire of diameter and length with
2 4
potential difference of 2V applied across the two ends, the drift velocity, in terms of v, is
A v B 2v C 4v D 8v
7 A cell of e.m.f. ε connected to three identical bulbs R, S and T and a rheostat XY is shown in the
circuit diagram below.
X
P
S
ε
Y
T
R
If the contact P of the rheostat is adjusted towards Y, which statement is true of the changes in the
brightness of the three bulbs?
A R, S and T become brighter.
B R and T become brighter, but S becomes dimmer.
C R becomes brighter, but S and T become dimmer.
D R and S become brighter, but T becomes dimmer.
P
X Y
E is a dry cell of e.m.f. 1.5 V and internal resistance 0.50 . R is a resistor of 2.0 . When switch
K is open, the balance point P from X is 75 cm. When switch K is closed, the new balance point from
X is
A 30 cm B 40 cm C 60 cm D 75 cm
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6 Apabila beza keupayaan V dikenakan merentas dua hujung satu dawai kuprum dengan garis pusat
d
d dan panjang L, halaju hanyut elektron ialah v. Jika satu dawai kuprum bergaris pusat dan panjang
2
L
dengan beza keupayaan 2V dikenakan merentas dua hujung, halaju hanyut, dalam sebutan v, ialah
4
A v B 2v C 4v D 8v
7 Satu sel dengan d.g.e ε disambungkan ke tiga mentol R, S, dan T yang seiras dan satu reostat XY
ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah litar di bawah.
X
P
S
ε
Y
T
R
Jika sesentuh P reostat dilaraskan ke arah Y, penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang
perubahan kecerahan tiga mentol itu?
A R, S, dan T menjadi lebih cerah.
B R dan T menjadi lebih cerah, tetapi S menjadi malap.
C R menjadi lebih cerah, tetapi S dan T menjadi malap.
D R dan S menjadi lebih cerah, tetapi T menjadi malap.
8 Satu potentiometer dengan 100 cm dawai XY ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah litar di bawah.
P
X Y
E ialah sel kering dengan d.g.e. 1.5 V dan rintangan dalam 0.50 . R ialah perintang 2.0 .
Apabila suis K dibuka, titik seimbang P daripada X ialah 75 cm. Apabila suis K ditutup, titik
seimbang daripada X yang baharu ialah
A 30 cm B 40 cm C 60 cm D 75 cm
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9 An electron moves into a uniform magnetic field with a certain velocity. If the velocity of the
electron is in the same direction as the magnetic field,
A the electron accelerates
B the electron decelerates
C the electron continues to move with its original velocity
D the electron is deflected and moves in a circle at constant speed
10 Four parallel wires passing through the four vertices of a square WXYZ is shown in the diagram
below.
W M X
P O Q
Z N Y
These wires carry currents of equal magnitude in the directions shown. The resultant magnetic
field at the centre O of the square is in the direction of
A OM B ON C OP D OQ
12 A circular coil is placed in a uniform magnetic field. Which quantity does not influence the
magnitude of the charge flow in the coil when the coil is pulled out from the magnetic field?
A Area of the coil
B Resistance of the coil
C Magnetic flux density
D The time taken to pull the coil out from the magnetic field
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9 Satu elektron bergerak masuk ke dalam medan magnet seragam dengan satu halaju tertentu. Jika
halaju elektron itu adalah searah dengan medan magnet,
A elektron itu memecut
B elektron itu nyahpecutan
C elektron itu terus bergerak dengan halaju asal
D elektron itu dipesongkan dan bergerak dalam satu bulatan dengan laju malar
10 Empat dawai selari yang melalui empat bucu satu segi empat sama WXYZ ditunjukkan dalam
gambar rajah di bawah.
W M X
O
P Q
Z N Y
Dawai-dawai ini membawa arus yang sama magnitudnya mengikut arah yang ditunjukkan.
Medan magnet paduan di pusat O segi empat itu ialah dalam arah
A OM B ON C OP D OQ
12 Satu gegelung bulat diletakkan dalam medan magnet seragam. Kuantiti yang manakah yang tidak
mempengaruhi magnitud aliran cas dalam gegelung apabila gegelung itu ditarik keluar dari medan
magnet?
A Luas gegelung
B Rintangan gegelung
C Ketumpatan fluks magnet
D Masa yang diambil untuk menarik gegelung keluar dari medan magnet
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P
13 The mutual inductance M between two coils is defined by M . What do P and Q represent?
Q
P Q
A E.m.f. induced in primary coil Rate of change of current in secondary coil
B E.m.f. induced in secondary coil Rate of change of current in primary coil
C Potential difference across primary coil Potential difference across secondary coil
D Potential difference across secondary coil Potential difference across primary coil
14 An alternating current I which flows through a 5 resistor is given by I = 2 sin (50t), where I is
in amperes and t in seconds. The mean power dissipated in the resistor is
A 5W B 10 W C 20 W D 50 W
The r.m.s. voltage across R and C are 10 V and 7 V respectively. What is the r.m.s. voltage of the
source?
A 3V B 12 V C 17 V D 24 V
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P
13 Induktan saling M antara dua gegelung ditakrifkan sebagai M . Apakah yang mewakili P
Q
dan Q?
P Q
A D.g.e. teraruh dalam gegelung primer Kadar perubahan arus dalam gegelung
sekunder
B D.g.e. teraruh dalam gegelung sekunder Kadar perubahan arus dalam gegelung
primer
C Beza keupayaan merentas gegelung primer Beza keupayaan merentas gegelung
sekunder
D Beza keupayaan merentas gegelung sekunder Beza keupayaan merentas gegelung primer
14 Arus ulang-alik I yang mengalir melalui satu perintang 5 diberikan sebagai I = 2 sin (50t),
dengan I dalam ampere dan t dalam saat. Min kuasa yang terlesap dalam perintang ialah
A 5W B 10 W C 20 W D 50 W
R C
Voltan p.m.k.d. merentas R dan C ialah masing-masing 10 V dan 7 V. Berapakah voltan p.m.k.d.
sumber itu?
A 3V B 12 V C 17 V D 24 V
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HALAMAN KOSONG
Section B [15 marks]
16 Two thin conducting plates have an area of 0.50 m2 each. They are placed parallel to each other
and 25 mm apart. One plate is maintained at +75 V while the other at –75 V by a d.c. supply.
(a) Define capacitance of a capacitor. [1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Calculate the energy stored in the electric field between the plates. [2 marks]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Cell X of e.m.f. 3.0 V with internal resistance 1.0 and cell Y of e.m.f. 3.0 V with internal
resistance 2.0 are connected as shown in the circuit diagram below.
X Y
I2 I I1
5.0 3.0
P Q
(i) Calculate current I1 and I2. [4 marks]
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Bahagian B [15 markah]
16 Dua plat pengkonduksi nipis tiap-tiap satu mempunyai luas 0.50 m2. Plat-plat itu diletakkan selari
antara satu sama lain dan terpisah sejauh 25 mm. Satu plat dikekalkan pada +75 V manakala plat
yang satu lagi pada –75 V oleh satu bekalan a.t.
(a) Takrifkan kapasitans satu kapasitor. [1 markah]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Tentukan amaun cas yang tersimpan pada setiap plat. [4 markah]
Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.
(c) Hitung tenaga yang tersimpan dalam medan elektrik di antara plat-plat itu. [2 markah]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Sel X mempunyai d.g.e. 3.0 V dengan rintangan dalam 1.0 dan sel Y mempunyai d.g.e.
3.0 V dengan rintangan dalam 2.0 disambungkan seperti ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah litar
di bawah.
X Y
I2 I I1
5.0 3.0
P Q
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HALAMAN KOSONG
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Section C [30 marks]
18 (a) Two fixed spherical conductors X and Y which is separated by a distance of 0.50 m is shown
in the diagram below.
+3.0 C –2.0 C
X Y
0.50 m
Conductor X has a radius 0.15 cm and charge +3.0 C. Conductor Y has a radius of 0.30 cm and
charge –2.0 C.
(i) Calculate the force between the two spheres. [3 marks]
(ii) The two spheres are then connected with a thin wire. The wire is then removed from
the spheres. Calculate the charge on each sphere. [5 marks]
(b) (i) Using Gauss’s law, explain why a person inside a hollow metallic sphere of radius R
maintained at a high electric potential does not experience an electric shock. [4 marks]
(ii) Sketch a graph of electric field E against distance r for r < R and r > R for the situation
in (b)(i). [4 marks]
(b) A current of 5.0 A flows in a wire of length 1.50 m and cross-sectional area 1.2 mm2. The
potential difference is 6.0 V.
(i) Determine the power dissipated in the wire. [3 marks]
(ii) Determine the drift velocity of free electrons if the electron density is
1.5 × 1028 m–3. [3 marks]
(iii) Calculate the force experienced by a free electron if all the power dissipated in the wire
is used to drift the free electrons. [3 marks]
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Bahagian C [30 markah]
18 (a) Dua konduktor sfera yang ditetapkan X dan Y yang dipisahkan oleh satu jarak 0.50 m
ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.
+3.0 C –2.0 C
X Y
0.50 m
Konduktor X mempunyai jejari 0.15 cm dan cas +3.0 C. Konduktor Y mempunyai jejari 0.30
cm dan cas –2.0 C.
(i) Hitung daya di antara dua sfera itu. [3 markah]
(ii) Dua sfera itu kemudiannya dihubungkan dengan satu dawai nipis. Dawai itu
kemudiannya ditanggalkan dari sfera-sfera itu. Hitung cas pada setiap sfera. [5 markah]
(b) (i) Dengan menggunakan hukum Gauss, jelaskan mengapa seseorang di dalam satu sfera
logam lompang berjejari R dikekalkan pada suatu keupayaan elektrik yang tinggi tidak mengalami
renjatan elektrik. [4 markah]
(ii) Lakar satu graf medan elektrik E lawan jarak r untuk r < R dan r > R bagi situasi dalam
(b)(i). [4 markah]
(b) Satu arus 5.0 A mengalir dalam satu dawai yang panjang 1.50 m dan luas keratan rentas
1.2 mm2. Beza keupayaan ialah 6.0 V.
(i) Tentukan kuasa terlesap dalam dawai itu. [3 markah]
(ii) Tentukan halaju hanyut elektron bebas jika ketumpatan elektron ialah 1.5 × 1028 m–3.
[3 markah]
(iii) Hitung daya yang dialami oleh satu elektron bebas jika semua kuasa yang terlesap
dalam dawai itu digunakan untuk menghanyutkan elektron bebas itu. [3 markah]
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20 (a) (i) Define magnetic flux density, and state its unit. [3 marks]
(ii) State two differences between the force due to electric field and the force due to
magnetic field on a charged particle. [2 marks]
(iii) State Ampere’s law, and use it to derive the magnetic field of a long straight wire.
[4 marks]
(b) A long fixed horizontal wire PQ carries current 80.0 A in the direction QP as shown in the
diagram below.
P Q
80.0 A 80.0 A
String 0.15 m
R S
A copper wire RS of diameter 0.40 mm having the same length of PQ hanging horizontally
0.15 m below PQ on two light strings. An e.m.f. source is connected across terminals R and S. If the
density of copper is 8930 kg m 3, determine the minimum current and its direction needed to flow
through RS so that the tension in the strings is zero. [6 marks]
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20 (a) (i) Takrifkan ketumpatan magnetik fluks, dan nyatakan unitnya. [3 markah]
(ii) Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara daya yang disebabkan oleh medan elektrik dengan daya
yang disebabkan oleh medan magnet pada satu zarah bercas. [2 markah]
(iii) Nyatakan hukum Ampere, dan gunakan hukum Ampere untuk terbitkan medan magnet
satu dawai lurus yang panjang. [4 markah]
(b) Satu dawai panjang mengufuk yang tetap PQ membawa arus 80.0 A dalam arah QP seperti
ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.
P Q
80.0 A 80.0 A
Tali 0.15 m
R S
Satu dawai kuprum RS bergaris pusat 0.40 mm mempunyai panjang yang sama dengan PQ
tergantung secara mengufuk 0.15 m di bawah PQ pada dua tali ringan. Satu sumber d.g.e. disambung
merentas terminal R dan S. Jika ketumpatan kuprum ialah 8930 kg m 3, tentukan arus minimum dan
arah yang diperlukannya untuk mengalir melalui RS supaya tegangan dalam tali adalah sifar.
[6 markah]
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Values of constants
(Nilai Pemalar)
2
Acceleration of free fall (Pecutan jatuh bebas) g = 9.81 m s
Avogadro constant (Pemalar Avogadro) NA = 6.02 1023 mol 1
23 1
Boltzmann constant (Pemalar Boltzmann) k, kB = 1.38 10 JK
11
Gravitational constant (Pemalar graviti) G = 6.67 10 N m2 kg 2
19
Magnitude of electronic (Magnitud cas elektron) e = 1.60 10 C
charge
Mass of the Earth (Jisim Bumi) ME = 5.97 1024 kg
Mass of the Sun (Jisim Matahari) MS = 1.99 1030 kg
Molar gas constant (Pemalar gas molar) R = 8.31 J K 1 mol 1
12 1
Permittivity of free space (Ketelusan ruang bebas) ε0 = 8.85 10 Fm
= 1 9 1
10 Fm
36
Planck’s constant (Pemalar Planck) h = 6.63 10 34
Js
6
Radius of the Earth (Jejari Bumi) RE = 6.38 10 m
Radius of the Sun (Jejari Matahari) RS = 6.96 108 m
31
Rest mass of electron (Jisim rehat elektron) me = 9.11 10 kg
27
Rest mass of proton (Jisim rehat proton) mp = 1.67 10 kg
Speed of light in free space (Laju cahaya dalam ruang bebas) c = 3.00 108 m s 1
27
Unified atomic mass unit (Unit jisim atom bersatu) u = 1.66 10 kg
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Identity card number:………………………….. Centre number/index number:……………………….
(Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)
SPECIMEN PAPER
960/3 STPM
PHYSICS (FIZIK)
PAPER 3 (KERTAS 3)
One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)
MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)
Instructions to candidates:
(Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.)
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE For examiner’s use
(Untuk kegunaan
Please tear off along the perforated line.
TOLD TO DO SO.
There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices pemeriksa)
of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the Section B
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks (Bahagian B)
will not be deducted for wrong answers. 16
Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces
provided. 17
Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be Section C
shown. For numerical answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate. (Bahagian C)
Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in
numerical order.
Tear off the front page of this question paper and your answer sheets of
Section B, and tie both of them together with your answer sheets of Section C.
Values of constants are provided on page in this question paper. Total
Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia. (Jumlah)
Arahan kepada calon:
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUAT
DEMIKIAN.
Ada lima belas soalan dalam Bahagian A. Bagi setiap soalan, empat pilihan jawapan diberikan.
Pilih satu jawapan yang betul dan tandakan jawapan itu pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan yang
dibekalkan. Baca arahan pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan itu dengan teliti. Jawab semua soalan.
Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah.
Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.
Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam Bahagian C. Semua jalan kerja yang sesuai hendaklah
ditunjukkan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai. Mulakan
setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas jawapan yang baharu dan susun jawapan anda mengikut tertib
berangka.
Koyakkan muka hadapan kertas soalan ini dan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B, dan ikatkan
kedua-duanya bersama-sama dengan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian C.
Nilai pemalar dibekalkan pada halaman kertas soalan ini.
Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.
79
BLANK PAGE
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HALAMAN KOSONG
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Section A [15 marks]
1 A particle of mass m performs a simple harmonic motion with amplitude A and frequency f. The
total energy of this simple harmonic motion is
1
A mA2f 2
B 2mA2f 2
C 2 2mA2f 2
D 4 2mA2f 2
2
2 A spring-mass system experiences critical damping. Which graph represents the variation of the
displacement s with time t of the motion of the mass?
3 The oscillations of the particles between consecutive nodes of a standing wave have the same
A amplitude
B phase
C maximum velocity
D energy
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Bahagian A [15 markah]
1 Satu zarah berjisim m melakukan gerakan harmonik ringkas dengan amplitud A dan frekuensi f.
Jumlah tenaga gerakan harmonik ringkas ini ialah
1
A mA2f 2
B 2mA2f 2
C 2 2mA2f 2
D 4 2mA2f 2
2
2 Satu sistem jisim-spring mengalami pelembapan genting. Graf yang manakah yang mewakili
ubahan sesaran s dengan masa t bagi gerakan jisim itu?
3 Ayunan satu zarah antara nod berturutan satu gelombang pegun mempunyai sama
A amplitud
B fasa
C halaju maksimum
D tenaga
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5 If the level of intensity of a sound is raised by 10 dB, what is the ratio of the new sound intensity
to the original sound intensity?
A 0.1 B 1 C 10 D 1010
6 A guitar wire is 0.80 m long and of mass 5.0 g. If its frequency of fundamental mode of vibration
is 100 Hz, its tension is
A 40 N B 128 N C 160 N D 200 N
7 Two thin lenses L1 and L2 which are placed coaxially at a distance 30 cm apart is shown in the
diagram below.
L1 L2
Each lens has a focal length of 40 cm. If the incident rays to L1 are parallel, the final image which
is produced after the rays pass through lenses L1 and L2 is
A real and located between L1 and L2
B virtual and located between L1 and L2
C real and located on the right side of L2
D virtual and located on the left side of L1
8 A concave mirror produces a virtual image at a distance 60 cm from the mirror. The height of the
image is three times the height of the object. What is the focal length of the concave mirror?
A 10 cm B 20 cm C 30 cm D 40 cm
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5 Jika paras keamatan satu bunyi dinaikkan sebanyak 10 dB, berapakah nisbah keamatan bunyi
baharu itu kepada keamatan bunyi asal?
A 0.1 B 1 C 10 D 1010
6 Seutas dawai gitar panjangnya 0.80 m dan berjisim 5.0 g. Jika frekuensi getaran mod asasnya
ialah 100 Hz, tegangannya ialah
A 40 N B 128 N C 160 N D 200 N
7 Dua kanta nipis L1 and L2 yang diletakkan sepaksi pada jarak 30 cm di antara satu sama lain
ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.
L1 L2
Setiap kanta mempunyai jarak fokus 40 cm. Jika sinar tuju ke L1 adalah selari, imej akhir yang
terhasil selepas sinar melalui kanta L1 dan L2 adalah
A nyata dan terletak di antara L1 dengan L2
B maya dan terletak di antara L1 dengan L2
C nyata dan terletak di sebelah kanan L2
D maya dan terletak di sebelah kiri L1
8 Satu cermin cekung menghasilkan satu imej maya pada jarak 60 cm dari cermin. Tinggi imej ialah
tiga kali daripada tinggi objek itu. Berapakah panjang fokus cermin cekung itu?
A 10 cm B 20 cm C 30 cm D 40 cm
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10 Which statement is not true of multimode step index optical fibres?
A The refractive index of the cladding layer is greater than that of the core index.
B The refractive index of the cladding layer is smaller than that of the core index.
C Total internal reflections occur at core-cladding boundaries.
D All wavelengths arrive at the other end of the fibre at different times.
11 When light with wavelength 300 nm incidents on the surface of a metal, photoelectrons with
maximum kinetic energy 2.0 eV are emitted from the surface of the metal. What is the maximum
wavelength for the light which can cause this emission of photoelectrons from the surface of the
metal?
A 200 nm B 600 nm C 650 nm D 880 nm
15 The count rate of a radioactive sample was originally 208 s–1 as recorded by a detector. Four
minutes later, the count rate had decreased to 40 s–1. The average background count was found to be
16 s–1. What is the half-life of the radioactive sample?
A 30 s B 40 s C 60 s D 80 s
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10 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang gentian optik multimod indeks berperingkat?
A Indeks biasan lapisan salutan adalah lebih besar daripada indeks teras lapisan salutan.
B Indeks biasan lapisan salutan adalah lebih kecil daripada indeks teras lapisan salutan.
C Jumlah pesongan dalaman berlaku pada sempadan salutan teras.
D Semua panjang gelombang sampai di hujung yang lain gentian pada masa yang berbeza.
11 Apabila cahaya dengan panjang gelombang 300 nm tuju pada permukaan satu logam, fotoelektron
dengan tenaga kinetik maksimum 2.0 eV dipancarkan dari permukaan logam itu. Berapakah panjang
gelombang maksimum cahaya yang boleh menyebabkan pancaran fotoelektron ini dari permukaan
logam itu?
A 200 nm B 600 nm C 650 nm D 880 nm
15 Kadar bilang satu sampel radioaktif pada asalnya 208 s–1 seperti yang tercatat oleh satu pengesan.
Empat minit kemudian, kadar bilang telah berkurang kepada 40 s–1. Purata kadar bilang latar belakang
didapati menjadi 16 s–1. Berapakah setengah hayat sampel radioaktif itu?
A 30 s B 40 s C 60 s D 80 s
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BLANK PAGE
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Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.
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HALAMAN KOSONG
Section B [15 marks]
16 A body of mass 2.0 kg moves in simple harmonic motion. The displacement x from the
equilibrium position at time t is given by x 6.0cos0.22 t , where x is in metres and t in seconds.
(a) Determine is the amplitude and the period of the simple harmonic motion. [3 marks]
(c) Calculate the kinetic energy of the body at time t = 3 seconds. [3 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
(b) If a particular ring of radius R is chosen and different values of accelerating voltage V are
1
recorded, sketch a graph of R against . Deduce that the experiment is in agreement with de
V
Broglie’s hypothesis. [6 marks]
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Bahagian B [15 markah]
16 Satu jasad berjisim 2.0 kg bergerak dalam gerakan harmonik ringkas. Sesaran x daripada
kedudukan keseimbangan pada masa t berikan oleh x 6.0kos 0.22 t , dengan x dalam meter dan t
dalam saat.
(a) Tentukan amplitud dan tempoh gerakan harmonik ringkas itu? [3 markah]
(c) Hitung tenaga kinetik jasad itu pada masa t = 3 saat. [3 markah]
17 Dalam satu uji kaji belauan elektron, satu alur elektron yang dipecutkan pada satu beza keupayaan
menuju secara normal pada satu filem emas yang sangat nipis. Beberapa gelang belauan bulat dilihat
pada satu filem fotograf.
(a) Jika voltan pada anod ditingkatkan, apakah yang terjadi pada gelang bulat itu? [1 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
(b) Jika satu gelang tertentu yang berjejari R dipilih dan nilai berbeza voltan pecutan V
1
direkodkan, lakar graf R lawan . Deduksikan bahawa uji kaji itu bersetuju dengan hipotesis de
V
Broglie. [6 markah]
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BLANK PAGE
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HALAMAN KOSONG
960/3
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Section C [30 marks]
18 (a) The displacement y at distance x and time t of a sound wave propagating in air can be
represented by
y = 7.5 × 10 4 sin (315t 1.05x),
where x and y are in metres and t in seconds.
T
(i) Sketch, on the same axes, graphs of y against x at times t = 0 and t = , where T is the
4
period of the wave. [2 marks]
(ii) Determine the velocity and the frequency of the wave. [4 marks]
(iii) Calculate the phase difference between the origin and a point 2.0 m from it. [3 marks]
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Bahagian C [30 markah]
18 (a) Sesaran y pada jarak x dan masa t suatu gelombang bunyi yang merambat di udara boleh
diwakili oleh
y = 7.5 × 10 4 sin (315t 1.05x),
dengan x dan y dalam meter dan t dalam saat.
T
(i) Lakar, pada paksi yang sama, graf y lawan x pada masa t = 0 dan t = , dengan T kala
4
gelombang itu. [2 markah]
(ii) Tentukan halaju dan frekuensi gelombang itu. [4 markah]
(iii) Hitung beza fasa di antara asalan dengan satu titik 2.0 m dari asalan. [3 markah]
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19 (a) (i) State the principle of superposition. [2 marks]
(ii) Explain the conditions needed to obtain a well-defined interference pattern. [4 marks]
(b) The set-up for a Young’s double slit experiment is shown in the diagram below.
Light a
source
Red
filter
D
Screen
The fringe pattern observed has fringe separation of 1.6 mm.
D
(i) If is 2500, calculate the wavelength of the red light that passes through the filter.
a
[2 marks]
(ii) A blue filter is inserted to replace the red filter. Suggest what can be done to the set-up
to obtain the fringe pattern of the same fringe separation as in (b)(i). [2 marks]
(iii) If a thin sheet of mica with refractive index 1.58 is placed in front of the upper slit,
explain the changes occurred to the fringe pattern. [2 marks]
(iv) Given that the thickness of mica in (b)(iii) is 6.64 m, calculate the shift of fringe
D
pattern using = 2500 and = 450 nm. [3 marks]
a
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19 (a) (i) Nyatakan prinsip superposisi. [2 markah]
(ii) Jelaskan syarat yang diperlukan untuk memperoleh satu corak interferen yang jelas.
[4 markah]
(b) Susunan bagi satu uji kaji dua celah Young ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.
Sumber a
cahaya
Penapis
merah D
Tabir
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20 (a) (i) Explain nuclear fusion reaction. [2 marks]
(ii) State the conditions for nuclear fusion. [2 marks]
(b) Solar energy is produced by fusion reactions in the Sun. One of the fusion processes is known
as proton-proton cycle which involves reactions as shown below.
1 1 2 0
Reaction 1: 1H 1H 1H 1 Q1
2 1 3
Reaction 2: 1H 1H 2 He Q2
3 3 4
Reaction 3: 2 He 2 He 2 He 211 H Q3
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20 (a) (i) Jelaskan tindak balas pelakuran nuklear. [2 markah]
(ii) Nyatakan syarat bagi pelakuran nuklear. [2 markah]
(b) Tenaga suria dihasilkan oleh tindak balas pelakuran dalam Matahari. Satu daripada proses
pelakuran dikenal sebagai kitar proton-proton yang melibatkan tindak balas seperti yang ditunjukkan
di bawah.
1 1 2 0
Tindak balas 1: 1H 1H 1H 1 Q1
2 1 3
Tindak balas 2: 1H 1H 2 He Q2
3 3 4
Tindak balas 3: 2 He 2 He 2 He 211 H Q3
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Values of constants
(Nilai Pemalar)
2
Acceleration of free fall (Pecutan jatuh bebas) g = 9.81 m s
Avogadro constant (Pemalar Avogadro) NA = 6.02 1023 mol 1
23 1
Boltzmann constant (Pemalar Boltzmann) k, kB = 1.38 10 JK
11
Gravitational constant (Pemalar graviti) G = 6.67 10 N m2 kg 2
19
Magnitude of electronic (Magnitud cas elektron) e = 1.60 10 C
charge
Mass of the Earth (Jisim Bumi) ME = 5.97 1024 kg
Mass of the Sun (Jisim Matahari) MS = 1.99 1030 kg
Molar gas constant (Pemalar gas molar) R = 8.31 J K 1 mol 1
12 1
Permittivity of free space (Ketelusan ruang bebas) ε0 = 8.85 10 Fm
= 1 9 1
10 Fm
36
Planck’s constant (Pemalar Planck) h = 6.63 10 34
Js
6
Radius of the Earth (Jejari Bumi) RE = 6.38 10 m
Radius of the Sun (Jejari Matahari) RS = 6.96 108 m
31
Rest mass of electron (Jisim rehat elektron) me = 9.11 10 kg
27
Rest mass of proton (Jisim rehat proton) mp = 1.67 10 kg
Speed of light in free space (Laju cahaya dalam ruang bebas) c = 3.00 108 m s 1
27
Unified atomic mass unit (Unit jisim atom bersatu) u = 1.66 10 kg
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SPECIMEN EXPERIMENT
960/4 STPM
PHYSICS (FIZIK)
PAPER 4 (KERTAS 4)
STPM 960/4
101
STPM PHYSICS STUDENT’S MANUAL 20___/20___
Experiment
Title: Potentiometer
Theory:
Accumulator
S1
Dry cell
S1
lo 1
Graph of against should be linear and the gradient is r.
l R
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STPM PHYSICS STUDENT’S MANUAL 20___/20___
Apparatus:
(i) A potentiometer
(ii) A resistor-pack
(iii) Two on-off switches
(iv) A jockey
(v) A 2 V accumulator
(vi) A 1.5 V dry cell
(vii) A centre-zero galvanometer
Procedure:
(a) With S1 closed and S2 open, determine the balance length lo.
(b) With both S1 and S2 closed, determine the balance length l for various values of R.
lo 1
(c) Plot a graph of against .
l R
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104
Identity card number:………………………….. Centre number/index number:……………………….
(Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)
SPECIMEN PAPER
960/5 STPM
PHYSICS (FIZIK)
PAPER 5 (KERTAS 5)
One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)
MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)
105
dQ
1 The rate of heat loss of a hot body at temperature to the surroundings at temperature 0 is
dt
given by
dQ
k A( 0 ),
dt
where k is a constant which depends on the nature of its surface and A the surface area of the body
which is exposed to the surroundings. The rate at which thermal energy is lost from the body is given
by
dQ d
mc ,
dt dt
where m is the mass of the body and c the specific heat capacity of the body. Thus
d kA
( 0) .
dt mc
An apparatus set-up used by a student to study the rate of cooling of a body is shown in the
diagram below.
Starting with water which was nearly boiling, the student recorded the temperature of hot water
at time t for each five minute interval, with the temperature of the surroundings 0 = 27 C. Then the
student plotted a graph of against t as shown in page __.
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dQ
1 Kadar kehilangan haba satu jasad panas pada suhu kepada persekitaran pada suhu 0
dt
diberikan oleh
dQ
k A( 0 ),
dt
dengan k pemalar yang bergantung pada sifat permukaannya dan A luas permukaan jasad yang
terdedah kepada persekitaran. Kadar kehilangan tenaga terma daripada jasad itu diberikan oleh
dQ d
mc ,
dt dt
dengan m jisim jasad dan c muatan haba tentu jasad itu. Oleh itu
d kA
( 0) .
dt mc
Susunan radas yang digunakan oleh seorang pelajar untuk mengkaji kadar penyejukan satu jasad
ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.
Termometer
Pengacau
Penutup kayu
Bikar
Air panas
Pelapik kayu
Bermula dengan air yang hampir mendidih, pelajar itu mencatat suhu air panas pada masa t bagi
setiap selang lima minit, dengan suhu persekitaran 0 = 27 C. Pelajar itu kemudian memplot graf
lawan t seperti yang ditunjukkan pada halaman __.
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Graf lawan t
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(a) On the graph of against t, draw tangent lines at = 40 C, 50 C, 60 C, 70 C and 80 C,
d d
and determine the corresponding slopes . Tabulate , ( 0 ) and . [5 marks]
dt dt
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(a) Pada graf lawan t, lukis garis tangen pada = 40 C, 50 C, 60 C, 70 C, dan 80 C, dan
d d
tentukan kelerengan yang sepadan. Jadualkan , ( 0), dan . [5 markah]
dt dt
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d
(b) Plot a graph of against ( 0) . [5 marks]
dt
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d [5 markah]
(b) Plot graf lawan ( 0 ).
dt
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(c) State two precautionary measures which need to be taken so that the variation of temperature
of hot water with time t in the cooling process gives a good result. [2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
1 1 d
(d) Given that m = 1.0 kg, c = 4200 J kg K and A = 0.1 m2. Based on the graph of
dt
against ( 0) , determine the value of k for the apparatus set-up. [3 marks]
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(c) Nyatakan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil supaya ubahan suhu air panas
dengan masa t dalam proses penyejukan itu memberikan keputusan yang baik. [2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
1 d
(d) Diberikan m = 1.0 kg, c = 4200 J kg K 1, dan A = 0.1 m2. Berdasarkan graf
dt
lawan ( 0) , tentukan nilai k bagi susunan radas itu. [3 markah]
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2 An apparatus set-up to determine the resistivity of a wire is shown in the diagram below.
J
O P
Initially the wire of length is placed between O and P. The switch was closed and an ammeter
reading I was recorded. The jockey was then touched and slid along the wire until the original
reading I was obtained at point J. The distance x was then measured and recorded. The experiment
was repeated using different values of .
The readings of , I and x obtained are as follows.
The diameters D of the wire for three different measurements were recorded as 0.56 mm,
0.57 mm and 0.56 mm.
D2E
The resistivity of the wire is given by , where E is the e.m.f. of the dry cell.
4 Ix
(a) If E = 1.5 V, calculate the value of and its error without using the graphical method.
[4 marks]
(b) Describe a simple method to determine the e.m.f. of the dry cell. [2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
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2 Susunan radas untuk menentukan kerintangan seutas dawai ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah
di bawah.
Akumulator Suis
J Dawai gelongsor
O P
Joki
Sel kering
Pada mulanya seutas dawai yang panjangnya ditempatkan di antara O dengan P. Suis ditutup
dan bacaan ammeter I direkodkan. Joki kemudian disentuhkan dan digelongsorkan pada dawai
tersebut sehingga bacaan I yang asal diperoleh di titik J. Jarak x kemudian diukur dan direkodkan. Uji
kaji ini diulangi dengan menggunakan nilai yang berlainan.
Bacaan , I, dan x yang diperoleh adalah seperti yang berikut.
Garis pusat D dawai untuk tiga pengukuran yang berlainan direkodkan sebagai 0.56 mm,
0.57 mm, dan 0.56 mm.
D2E
Kerintangan dawai tersebut diberikan sebagai , dengan E sebagai d.g.e. sel kering.
4 Ix
(a) Jika E = 1.5 V, hitung nilai dan ralatnya tanpa menggunakan kaedah bergraf. [4 markah]
(b) Perihalkan satu kaedah ringkas untuk menentukan d.g.e. sel kering itu. [2 markah]
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(c) The position of J determined in this experiment is called the balance point. With the aid of a
diagram, describe another way to determine the position of J using the same apparatus and a
galvanometer. [2 marks]
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(d) In this experiment, it was found that the accuracy of the experiment would increase when a
longer slide wire was used. Explain why this is the case. [2 marks]
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(e) Suggest two precautions which should be taken in order to increase the accuracy of the
experiment. [2 marks]
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(c) Kedudukan J yang ditentukan dalam uji kaji ini disebut titik keseimbangan. Dengan bantuan
gambar rajah, perihalkan satu cara lain untuk menentukan kedudukan J dengan menggunakan radas
yang sama dan sebuah galvanometer. [2 markah]
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(d) Dalam uji kaji ini, didapati bahawa kejituan uji kaji akan meningkat apabila dawai gelongsor
yang lebih panjang digunakan. Jelaskan mengapa hal ini demikian. [2 markah]
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(e) Cadangkan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk meningkatkan kejituan uji kaji
ini. [2 markah]
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(f) Using the data and resistivity formula given, describe briefly the graphical method to
determine the resistivity of wire. [3 marks]
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(f) Dengan menggunakan data dan rumus kerintangan yang diberikan, perihalkan secara ringkas
kaedah bergraf untuk menentukan kerintangan dawai. [3 markah]
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3 (a) State a simple method to estimate the focal length of a convex lens. [1 mark]
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(b) An apparatus set-up to determine the focal length of a convex lens is shown in the diagram
below. A light bulb was used as an object.
A student obtained several object distances u and the corresponding image distances v. A graph
of v against u was then plotted as shown on page . A graph of v = u was also drawn.
Determine the focal length f1 of the convex lens from the graphs. [3 marks]
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3 (a) Nyatakan kaedah ringkas untuk menganggar panjang fokus satu kanta cembung. [1 markah]
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(b) Susunan radas untuk menentukan panjang fokus satu kanta cembung ditunjukkan seperti
dalam gambar rajah di bawah. Satu mentol digunakan sebagai objek.
Kanta
cembung Tabir
Mentol
Plastisin
Seorang pelajar memperoleh beberapa jarak objek u dan jarak imej v yang sepadan. Satu graf v
lawan u kemudian diplot seperti yang ditunjukkan pada halaman . Graf v = u juga dilukis.
Tentukan panjang fokus f1 kanta cembung dari graf itu. [3 markah]
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raph of v against u
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Graf v lawan u
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(c) A concave lens was then placed in contact with the convex lens to form a combined lens as
shown in the diagram below. The experiment was repeated.
1 1 1 1
u/cm v/cm /cm /cm
u v
100.00 25.5
67.0 30.0
50.0 35.9
40.0 38.5
33.0 57.0
25.0 154.0
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(c) Satu kanta cekung kemudian diletakkan bersentuhan dengan kanta cembung itu untuk
membentuk satu kanta gabungan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah. Uji kaji
diulangi.
Kanta
cembung Kanta Tabir
cekung
Mentol
Plastisin
1 1 1 1
u/cm v/cm /cm /cm
u v
100.00 25.5
67.0 30.0
50.0 35.9
40.0 38.5
33.0 57.0
25.0 154.0
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1 1
(ii) Plot a graph of against , and extrapolate the line to intersect both the axes.
v u
[3 marks]
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1 1
(ii) Plot graf lawan , dan ekstrapolasikan garis itu untuk memotong kedua-dua paksi.
v u
[3 markah]
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(iii) Write down the value of the intercept on each axis, and determine the focal length f of
the combined lens. [2 marks]
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(iv) Based on your graph, state two reasons why the experiment is considered not accurate.
[2 marks]
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(d) The focal length f of the combined lens is related to the focal length f1 of the convex lens and
the focal length f2 of the concave lens by the equation
1 1 1
.
f f1 f2
Calculate the focal length f2 of the concave lens. [2 marks]
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(iii) Tulis nilai pintasan pada setiap paksi, dan tentukan panjang fokus f kanta gabungan.
[2 markah]
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(iv) Berdasarkan graf anda, nyatakan dua sebab mengapa uji kaji itu dianggap tidak jitu.
[2 markah]
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(d) Panjang fokus f kanta gabungan dihubungkan dengan panjang fokus f1 kanta cembung dan
panjang fokus f2 kanta cekung oleh persamaan
1 1 1
.
f f1 f2
Hitung panjang fokus f2 kanta cekung itu. [2 markah]
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