GENRE TEXT

Based on generic structure and language feature dominantly used, text are dividedint5o several
types . they are narrative , recount,descriptive, report, explanation,analitycal exposition, hortatory
exposition , procedure,discussion, review,anecdote,spoof,and news item. These variations are
known as GENRES.

I. NARRATIVE TEXT

Narrative text is a story with complicationor problematicevents and it tries to find the
resolution to solve the problems. An important part of narrative text is the narrative mode,
the set of methods used to communicate the narrative through a process narration .

A. Social function of narrative text is to amuse , entertain the reader about the vicarious
experiences in different ways .

B. Type of narrative text :

 Fable fairly tale
 Legend
 Myth
 Folk tale

C. Generic structure
1) Orientation
Introduction into characters or participants and also the setting
2) Complication
The rising of problems
3) Resolution
The problem is solved for better or for worse
D. Language features
 Past tense : long time ago, one day , etc.
 Action tense : run, walked, etc.
 Saying tense : said, told , etc.
 Thinking tense : felt , thought, etc.

Example:
The legend of Nyi Roro Kidul story

Once upon a time, there was a beautiful princess named Dewi Kadita. Because of her beauty, she
was called Dewi Srengenge. It means the goddess of the sun. Her father was King Munding Wangi.
Although he had a beautiful daughter, he was unhappy because he always expected to have a son.
The king decided to marry Dewi Mutiara. He had a son from her. Dewi Mutiara wanted hor son
to became a king in the future. She asked the King to send his daughter away. The King did not agree.
Dewi Mutiara called a black wizard tor curse Kadita. She wanted kadita’s beautiful body full of
ulcer. Then, Kadita’s body was full of ulcer. It smelled bad. The beautiful princess cried.
The King was very sad. No one could cure the illness of his daughter. The King did not want her
daughter to be a rumour, so he sent his daughter away.
The poor princess did not know where to go. However, she had a noble heart. She did not have
any bad feelings about her stepmother. She walked for almost seven days and seven nights. Then, she
came to the south Ocean. The ocean was so clean and clear. She jumped into the water and swam.
Suddenly, there was a miracle. The ocean water cured her illness. She became more beautiful
than before. She also had a power to command the whole South Ocean. She became a fairy called Nyi
Roro Kidul or the Queen of South Ocean.
 II. ANECDOTE
Anecdote is atext which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination.

A. Social function of anecdote is to retell an unusual or amussing incident, not

only to make people laughter but also to reveal the truth its self .

B. Generic structure
1). Abstract
Statement which introduces the topic closely related with the title and
usually informs rhetorical questions at first.
2). Orientation
Is a part where the writter tell who, when where the story happens
3). Crisis
Is a part of unusual incident happens
4). Reaction
Tells how the subject of the story reacts to the incident
5). Coda
Is the closing part of the story? The writter may tell how the subject solve
problem and the end of the incident.

C.Language features
 Using exclamations,rhetorical,questions or intensifiers
 Using materials process
 Using temporal conjuction

Example:

Bookmark

Are you a fan of reading? If you are, then you may not be a stranger to the terms “bookmark”.
Bookmark is something that we put between the pages of the book when we stop reading at certain
page of it so we can easily open the page later when we want to continue reading.
When I was five years old I started reading novels. Some of my close friends who often came to
my house decided to read books just like I did. They asked their parents to buy some comic books and
novels for them. Sometimes, they came to my house with their collections of book and we stayed in
my bedroom all day.
One day, I made a bookmark from a small stick and I painted it by using watercolor. I put it in a
novel as a sign of the last page I was reading. When my friend saw it, they asked me to make one for
each of them because they thought that the bookmark was beautiful.
I prepared some sticks and pick up some watercolor and brush. I painted it one by one and I place
them under the sun to make it dry. When the bookmark is ready, I gave it to my friends. They were
very happy to receive it and they place it inside their books. My friends didn’t realize that their hands
were sweaty at that moment.
The next day, all of them came to my house. Their faces looked so upset and they showed me their
book. The paper turned colourful because the watercolor from the bookmark turned back into liquid
form when they touched it before they place it inside their books. I feel bad about what happened to
their book, but there was nothing that I can do.
Ever since that moment, I always try to be careful when I want to help others or give something to
others.
 III. RECOUNT
Recount text is text retell about a story , experience , and other

A. Social function of recount is to retell something that happened in the past

and to tel a series of past event

B. Generic structure
1). Orientation
Tells who was involved , what happened , where the event took place, and
when it happened
2). Event
Tell what happened and in what sequence
3). Reorientation
Consist of optional closure of event or ending

C. Language features
 Using simple past tense : visited, had, etc.
 Using action verb : helped, crutched, erc
 Using adjectivess

Example:

Visiting Bali

There were so many places to see in Bali so that my friend decided to join the tours to see as much
as possible. My friend stayed in Kuta on arrival. He spent the first three days swimming and surfing
on Kuta beach. He visited some tour agents and selected two tours. The first one was to Singaraja, the
second was to Ubud. On the day of the tour, he was ready.
My friend and his group drove on through mountains. Singaraja is a city of about 90 thousands
people. It is a busy but quiet town. The street are lined with trees and there are many old Dutch
houses. Then they returned very late in the evening to Kuta.
The second tour to Ubud was a very different tour. It was not to see the scenery but to see the art
and the craft of the island. The first stop was at Batubulan, a center of stone sculpture. There my
friend watched young boys were carving away at big blocks of stone. The next stop was Celuk, a
center for silversmiths and goldensmiths. After that he stopped a little while for lunch at Sukawati
then go to Mass. Mass is a tourist center. My friend ten-day-stay ended very quickly beside his two
tour, all his day was spent on the beach. He went sailing or surfboarding every day. He was quiet
satisfied.
 IV. SPOOF
Spoof text is atext that telling a funny story. It contains humor though most of the
text has been modified from the original.

A.Social function of spoof is to tell an event with a humorous twist and entertain the
readers.

B.Generic structure :
1).Orientation
The beginning of the story.Contains the introduction of characters and the
setting of the story
2).Series of events
It contains what happen to the characters
3).Twists
It contains unpredictable funny ending of the story

C.Language features
 Using actions verbs:walked,told,saw,ran away,etc
 Using connectives verbs:first,then, after that,etc
 Using adverbs of time and place
 Using simple past tense

Example:

Penguin Story

Once a man was walking in a park when he come across a penguin. He took him to a policeman
and said, “I have just found this penguin. What should I do?”
The policeman replied, “Take him to the zoo.” The next day, the policeman saw the same man in
the same park and the man still carrying the penguin with him.
The policeman was rather surprised and walked up to the man and asked, “Why are you still
carrying that penguin? Didn’t you take it to the zoo?” “I certainly did.” Replied the man. “And it was
a great idea because he really enjoyedit, so today I am taking him to the movies.
And next day I will take it to the beach. It will be so much fun!” said the man. “Oh my God. I
asked you to take the penguin and give it to the zoo. I didn’t ask to take it to the zoo and had fun there
with it!” policeman said.
 V. DESCRIPTIVE
Desriptive text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like.Its purpose is to
describe and reveal a particular person,place,or thing.

A.Social function of descriptive is to describe and reveal a particular person,place

or thing in detail

B. Generic Structure
1) Identification : introduce a particular person or person or thing or place .
2) Description : Describing physical appearance , quality , behavior, etc

C. Language features
 About particular person or thing
 Using simple present tense
 Using action verb
 Using adjective

Example:

Monas National Monument

The National Monument, or "Monas" as it is popularly called, is one of the monuments built
during the Sukarno era of fierce nationalism. The top of the National Monument (Monas) is Freedom
Square. It stands for the people's determination to achieve freedom and the crowning of their efforts in
the Proclamation of Independence in August 1945. The 137-meter tall marble obelisk is topped with a
flame coated with 35 kg of gold. The base houses a historical museum and a hall for meditations. The
monument is open to the public and upon request the lift can carry visitors to the top, which offers a
bird's eye view on the city and the sea.
Go early to beat the crowds and the haze. It is easy for the less physically able as lifts take visitors
to the top. The diorama exhibition in the basement gives such a distorted view of Indonesian history.
This imposing obelisk is Jakarta's most famous landmark. Construction started in 1961 under
President Soekarno but was not completed until 1975, under President Soeharto. The monument
houses a couple of museums. The Freedom Hall depicts Indonesia's struggle for independence
through a series of dioramas, whereas the Hall of Contemplation displays the original Declaration of
Independence document and a recording of the speech.
 VI. REPORT
Report is a text present information about something,as it is.It is as a result of
systematic observation and analysis

A.Social function of report is to describe the way thing are in general inference /to
report something

B.Generic structure
1).General classifiction
Stating classification of general aspect of thing like animal,public
space,plant,etc,
Which will be discussed in general
2).Description
Describing the thing which will be discussed in details,part by part,customs
or deed for living creature and usage for materials.Usually the general fact of
the subject.

C.Language features
 Using action verb
 Using conditional logical connection:when,so,etc.
 Using simple present tense

Example:

Laptop

Laptop, often called a notebook, is a portable personal computer with a clamshell form factor,
suitable for mobile use. Although originally there was a distinction between laptops and notebooks,
the former being bigger and heavier than the latter, as of 2014, there is often no longer any difference.
Laptops are commonly used in a variety of settings, such as at work, in education, and for personal
multimedia.
A laptop combines the components, inputs, outputs and capabilities of a desktop computer,
including the display screen, speakers, a keyboard, and pointing devices (such as a touchpad or
trackpad) into a single unit. Most 2016-era laptops also have integrated webcams and built-in
microphones. The device can be powered either from a rechargeable battery or by mains electricity
from an AC adapter. Laptops are diverse devices and specialised kinds, such as rugged notebooks for
use in construction or convertible computers, have been optimized for specific uses. The hardware
specifications, such as the processor speed and memory capacity significantly vary between different
types, makes, and models.
 VII. PROCEDURE
Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved
through a sequence of action or steps. It explains how people perform different
bprocesses in a sequence of steps.

A. Social function of procedure text is to describe how something is

accomplashed done through a sequence of steps.

B. Generic Structure
1). Goal
Showing the purpose to be accomplashed
2). Material Telling the needed materials
3). Step 1, step2, etc (steps).
Describing the steps to achive the purpose or what has to be done.

C. Language feature
 Using temporal conjuction
 Using action verb
 Using imperative sentence : plug the cable into the socket .
 Using simple present tense

Example:
How to make orange chicken
Ingredients for sauce:
 3 gloves of garlic (minced)
 ½ cup of orange juice
 ½ cup of honey
 1/3 cup of soy sauce
 ¼ cup of rice wine vinegar
 3 tablespoons of cornstarch
 ½ teaspoon of ground ginger
 ½ teaspoon of white pepper
 1 orange zest
 A pinch of crushed red pepper flakes
Ingredients for chicken:

 2 lb of boneless, skinless chicken breasts/ thighs, cut into bite-sized pieces

 1 egg
 1 teaspoon of water
 1 cup of whole wheat flour
 ½ cup of corn starch
 1 teaspoon of ginger
 A pinch of salt and pepper
Instructions:

 Preheat oven to 325 degrees.

 Create a dipping working station: In a bowl, mix together flour, cornstarch, ginger, salt and
pepper. In a separate bowl, beat the egg and water together.
 Dip chicken into flour mixture, then coat in egg mixture and coat back in flour mixture.
 Once all chicken are coated, place on a baking tray and bake for 8 minutes.
 Take the pan out and turn over every piece and bake for another 8 minutes.
  Cut into a few pieces to make sure they’re fully cooked.
 Combine all sauce ingredients in a large pot and stir to combine. Let the sauce come to a boil,
then boil for an additional minute or two until thickened.
 Stir in baked, crisp chicken into the sauce and make sure every single piece is coated with the
sauce.
 Serve over hot rice or quinoa or perfect as a snack on its own!

VIII. EXPLANATION

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural , social ,

scientific and cultural phenomena . explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of
the forming of the phenomena . it is often found in science , geography and history
text books.

A. Social function explanation text is to explanation process involved in the

formation/working in natural and cultural phenomena .

B. Generic structure
1). General statement
Stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained
2). Sequenced explanation
Stating a series of steps which explanation the phenomena

C. Language feature
 . Featuring generic partisipans : sun, rain, etc
 . Using choronological connection : to begin with , next , etc
 Using passive voice pattern
 Using simple present tense

Example:

How Does Car Engine Work?

A car can move because it has engine. Most of cars in Indonesia use gasoline to power the engine.
Have you ever imagine how does the car engine work? The car engine provides energy for the car’s
movement by converting the potential energy in gasoline and oxygen into thermal energy. Then, the
thermal energy is transformed into mechanical energy that allow the vehicle to accelerate. The
following steps will explain the whole process happened inside a car engine.
First, gasoline and air mixture is placed into a cylinder which is fitted with a piston that can move
up and down inside. After that, the piston moves up and squeezes the fuel, making it heat up. Now we
have hot air and gas waiting for a little spark to light it up. The spark plug do its part on this step,
producing an electric spark which makes the hot fuel and oxygen from the air explode, changing the
potential energy into thermal energy in the form of expanding hot gases. The hot gases push on the
piston forcing it to move up and down. These movement is converted into mechanical energy that
allow the wheel to spin.
 IX. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION

Analytical Exposition is a text that elaborates the writers idea about the phenomenon
surrounding.
A. Social function of analytical exposition is to persuade the reader that the idea is
important matter.
B. Generic structure
1).thesis
Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s position
2). Arguments
Explaining the arguments to support the writer’s position. ( stating the fact)
3). Reiteration/ conclusion
Restaring the the writer’s position or the conclusion of the argument.
C. Language features
 Using evaluative language : important , valuable , trust worthy.
 Using passive voice
 Using causal conjunction
 Using simple present tense

Example:

Corruption and Indonesian Culture

Corruption has happened for many years and today it becomes a bad culture in Indonesia for
three reasons.
Most adult Indonesian or foreigners have known and admitted that corruptions happen in
many places. The daily newspapers, news programs on TV and radio have reported corruptions are
done everywhere, almost in all departments or public services of this country. Corruptions happen in
health, education departments and banks. When we manage to get some documents in public service
offices, we usually need much money to pay. Manipulations happen everywhere.
The actions to eliminate corruption are weak. The ever stronger culture seems not to come to
an end when the responsible institutions who have to reinforce the justice today commit corruption.
This is the worst. Corruptions happen in police department, courts where judges, public prosecutors,
lawyers make deals to do corruption. All of us also heard in the end of 2004, Probosutejo reported that
he had bribed the Supreme Court, or called Mahkamah Agung which becomes the highest level where
the justice can be obtained. Perhaps you have to try to come to the local courts and see what happen
there. You will see practices of bribery and other kinds of corruption. Therefore, we can say that
corruptions becomes our culture. Do you like it?
The citizens have no goodwill to fight against the corruption. They create the situations in
which people ahave opportunities to do corruptions. The citizens like to break the rules because they
are not disciplined. For example, in the street when they drive a car or ride motorcycle, they do not
have the driving license or necessary documents. Then, they are caught by the local policemen. To
avoid more difficulties, they like to bribe the officer. The officer let them go then. In other words, the
citizens and officers are the same, doing corruption together. If only the people were critical,
disciplined, and obey the rules, and willing to report any wrong behaviors, this country will not be
number one corrupting country in the world.
Conclusion Based on the reasons, we can conclude that corruption is becoming a bad culture
in Indonesia if it is not ended soon by all of us. It seems that there must be more severe penalty for the
Corruptors. Do we still care about the future of this country?
 X. HORTATORY EXPOSITION

Hortatory Exposition is a type of English text that in influences the reader to do

something or act in a certain way.In Hortatoty Expotion,there are some opinions
about certain things to reinforce the main ideas of the text.

A.Social function of hortatory exposition is a text which persuades the reader to

have the addresse do something or act in certain way.Or should or should not be
the chase.

B.Generic structure
1).Thesis
Is background of the problem that will arise some arguments (stating writer’s
issue)
2).Argument
Is the reason for supporting the argument about the topic which is supporting
by the fact and evidence
3).Recommendation
Is a statement of what should or shouldn’t happend or be done based on the
given argument of the writer.

C.Language features
 Using emotive words:worried,afraid,alarmed,etc
 Using word that qualify the statements:usual,probably,etc
 Using word that link arguments:firstly,however,therefore,etc
 Using compound and complex sentence
 Using modals and adverbs:may,should,must,etc
 `Using subjuntive opinion:I,we,etc

Example:

Why Poeple Should Stay Safe In The Sun

Going out in the burning sun without sensible protection is extremely dangerous. There are many
reasons why you should stay safe from the burning sun. Some of them are you can get sunburnt, you
can get skin cancers, and you can damage your eyesight.
The first reason is that you can get extremely sunburn. Sunburn is the skin’s reaction to the
ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. You can see sunlight and feel heat (infrared radiation), but
you can’t see or feel UV radiation. It can damage your skin even on cool, cloudy days.
The second reason is that you can get horrible skin cancers because of damaging light rays. In
Australia, over many people die from skin cancer because they do not stay safe in the burning sun.
Although this can be cured, the prevention of getting burnt is a better solution than curing this skin
cancer.
Another reason is that too much time out in bright sunlight can damage your eyesight. The
intense ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sun damage sensitive cells in the eyes, eventually affecting vision.
Experts say it is difficult to isolate the exact amount of damage that UV radiation imposes on the eye
over a long period. However, a number of studies have shown that the effects build up and may
increase the chance of developing eye problems later in life. These may include cataracts, a clouding
of the lens of the eye.
The last, after knowing all dangers of the burning sun without sensible protection, I recommend
you to wear a hat which can help your face, head, and hair stay safe in the sun. You should also put on
a shirt which can protect you from many skin deseases, and you had better use sunscreen and wear
sunglasses to prevent eye problems.

XI. NEWS ITEMS

News items is a text which informs readers about events of the day.The events are
considered newsworthy or important.

A.Social function of news items text is to inform the readers about events of the
day which are considered news worthy or important.

B.Generic structure
1).Newsworthy events
The main event that deserves to be news
2).Background of the event
A description of the background of the events,where is the event,etc

3).Resource of information

C.Language features
 Using action verb
 Using saying verb
 Using adverb of time,adverb of place and adverb of manner

Example:
“National Exam Standards of Student Passing”

The national exam will be implemented for another 1.5 months. The national examination is the
final graduation standard for students, both at elementary, junior and senior high school levels. Based
on last year’s experience, many students are afraid of the national examination. This is because of the
assumption that the test question is very difficult. Even this fear made the students cry before and
after the national exam was held.
For Elementary or Primary School levels, the number of students classified as non-pass reaches
the number of hundreds, approximately 650 children. This figure is lower than the previous year
which reached 869 children who did not pass. According to the estimate of the rate of graduation is
deteriorated due to differences in test materials with a matter of questions tested.
Basically, this problem is caused by students’ fears about the national exam later on. But this
problem can be overcome by preparing mentally and learning materials students with mature and
maximum. That way the number of graduate students can be minimized.
 XII. REVIEW
Review is a text which present critical analysis on events or works for readers or
public audience

A.Social function of review is to critique or evaluate an art work or event for a

public audience

B.Generic structure
1).Orientation
Background information on the text
2).Evalution
Concluding statement:judgment,opinion or recommendation
3).Interpreative recount
Summary of an art works including characters and plot
4).Evalution summanition
The last opinion consisting the appraisal or the punch line of the art works
being criticized

C.Language features
 Using adjctive
 Using long and complex clauses
 Using metaphor
 Focus on specific participant

Example:

Harry Potter: Order of the Phoenix

I absolutely love the Harry Potter series, and all of the books will always hold a special place in
my heart.
I have to say that of all the books, however, this one was not my favorite.
When the series began it was as much of a “feel good” experience as a huge mug of hot cocoa. The
stories were bright, fast-paced, intriguing, and ultimately satisfying.
Order of the Phoenix is a different kind of book. In some instances this works you feel a whole
new level of intensity and excitement by the time you get to the end. I was truly moved by the last
page. Other times the book just has a slightly dreary, depressing feel. The galloping pace of the other
books has slowed to a trot here, and parts of it do seem long, as if we’re reading all about Harry “just
hanging out” instead of having his usual adventures. Reading in detail about Harry cleaning up an old
house, for example – housekeeping is still housekeeping, magical or no, and I’m not very interested in
doing it or reading about other people doing it.
A few other changes in this book – the “real” world comes much more in to play rather than the
fantasy universe of the previous books, and Harry has apparently been taken off his meds. I know that
he had a lot to be grumpy in this book, especially with being a teenager and all, but the sudden change
in his character seemed too drastic. He goes from being a warm-hearted, considerate person to
someone who will bite his best friend’s heads off over nothing. It just seemed like it didn’t fit with his
character, like he turned into a walking cliché of the “angry teen” overnight. The “real” story seemed
to happen in the last 1/3 of the book, and this part I loved. I actually liked the ending (and yes, I
cried!) as sad as it was. It packed a punch and it made me care about the story even more. Still a really
good book, with some editing it would have been great.