GRID CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC

SYSTEM DESIGN
System Power = 3.010 kW

Technical Report

System: Household PV System

Responsible Entity: David Gilmour

Location: 25 Montague Avenue - Sevenoaks

London, 02/12/2018
Head Designer
(Arch. Philip White)

________________________

SunSystems Plc
Arch. White Philip
40 Newlands Rd
Reading (Surrey)
0252 0123456789 - 0252 0123456789
Phil@Sunsystems.co.uk
Copyright ACCA software S.p.A.
 GENERAL INFO
System installation site

System identified as Household PV System

Address 25 Montague Avenue
Postcode - Town SW4 5TX - Sevenoaks

Client

Name and Surname David Gilmour

NIN 12345678
VAT reg. nr. 0123456789
Date of birth 23/05/1982
Place of birth London

Address 22 Greenpark Rd.

Postcode - Town SE4 1YJ - LONDON (Greater London)

Telephone nr. 0208 123456789

Fax 0208 123456789
E-mail Info@sunstation.co.ok

Designer

Company name SunSystems Plc

Name and Surname Philip White
Qualification Arch.
NIN UK0123456789
VAT reg. nr. UK123456789
Address 40 Newlands Rd
Postcode - Town SU1 9AA - Reading (Surrey)
Telephone nr. 0252 0123456789
Fax 0252 0123456789
E-mail Phil@Sunsystems.co.uk
 INTRODUCTION
With the installation of the "Household PV System" PV system, the main intent is to achieve a significant energy
savings for the served building by using one of the most important renewable energy sources: the Sun.

Use of this technology comes from the need to combine:

- compatibility with architectural requirements and environmental protection regulations;
- no noise pollution;
- saving of fossil fuel;
- production of electricity without emissions of pollutants.

Today most of the world's electricity is produced through various types of power stations such as nuclear, hydro
and thermoelectric. If we consider the estimated energy as the production rate for the first year, 2 162.91 kWh,
and the annual loss of efficiency at 0.90 %, the following indicators are valid for the entire system lifetime which
is set at 25 years.

Fuel savings

A very useful indicator to measure the amount of fuel saved when using a renewable energy source is the
Electricity to Primary energy conversion factor [TOE/MWh].
This coefficient identifies T.O.E. (Tons of Oil Equivalent) necessary for the production of 1 MWh of energy, or
the TOEs saved with the adoption of photovoltaic technologies for the production of electricity.

Fuel savings TOE

Electricity to Primary energy conversion factor [TOE/MWh] 0.220

TOE saved in one year 0.48

TOE saved in 25 years 10.70

Data source: World Energy Council 2007

Avoided emissions

In addition, the photovoltaic system allows the reduction of polluting substances into the atmosphere that
contribute to the greenhouse effect.

Avoided atmospheric emissions CO2 CH4 N2O Total GHG

Specific atmospherical emissions [kg CO2e/kWh] 0.46254 0.00044 0.00236 0.46534

Emissions avoided in one year [kg CO2e] 1 000.43 0.95 5.10 1 006.49

Emissions avoided in 25 years [kg CO2e] 22 487.14 21.39 114.74 22 623.26

Data source: 2016 UK Greenhouse gases (GHG) Conversion Factors

Reference standards

Being part of the b u il

ding ’selectrical systems, all works involved with the installation process must be fully
compliant with the relevant technical standard as prescribed by the regulations in force. The characteristics of the
entire system and its components must be in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations and in
particular must comply with:
- the requirements of local authorities, including fire safety prescriptions;
- the requirements and instructions as issued by National Grid.
 INSTALLATION SITE
The energy sizing of the PV system was carried out by taking into account not only the financial aspects, but
also:
- Availability of solar energy.
- Morphological and environmental factors (shading and albedo).

System surface availability

The site of installation is described as follows:

Accredited FiT installation - roof mounted on Household building.

Availability of the solar energy source

Average daily solar radiation per month on horizontal plane

The availability of solar energy is verified using the "Photovoltaic Geographical Information System
(PVGIS)" data on a monthly average daily values of solar radiation on a horizontal plane.
For the location where the system is to be installed, Sevenoaks, latitude 51°.2697 N, longitude 0°.1931 E
and altitude 156 m a.s.l., the daily average solar radiation per month on the horizontal plane is estimated to
be as follows:

Average daily solar radiation per month on horizontal plane [kWh/m²]

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
0.72 1.35 2.25 3.72 4.62 4.89 4.93 4.23 2.88 1.73 0.91 0.53
Data source: Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS)

Fig. 1: Average daily solar irradiation per month on the horizontal plane [kWh/m²]- data source: Photovoltaic Geographical Information
System (PVGIS)

Therefore, the values of annual solar radiation on the horizontal plane are 999.11 kWh/m² - Data source:
Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS).

Environmental and morphological characteristics

Shading analysis

The effects of shading due to natural elements (mountains, trees) or artificial (buildings), determine the reduction
of solar gains and the related payback time.
The shading coefficient, function of the site morphology, is 0.98.
Solar energy diagram for Sevenoaks:

Fig. 2: Solar diagram

Albedo

In addition, to take into account of surplus radiation due to reflectance of the surfaces of the area where the
system is installed, the monthly mean albedo values, also considering the ISO EN 8477, were estimated as:

Average monthly albedo values

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

The annual average Albedo value is 0.20.

 SYSTEM DESIGN
Calculation procedure

General design criteria

The design principle normally used for a photovoltaic system is to maximize the collection of the available
annual solar radiation.

In most cases, the photovoltaic system must be exposed to sunlight in an optimal way, choosing priority
orientation to the south, so as to avoid excess avoiding shading. In accordance with any architectural constraints
of the structure upon which the system is installed, different orientations can be adopted as long as they are
adequately verified and evaluated.
Energy losses due to such phenomena affect the cost of kWh produced and payback time.

From the architectural point of view, in the case of applications on pitched roofs, the choice of the inclination
and orientation must take into account that it is generally advisable to maintain the plane of the modules in
parallel or even coplanar to that of the roof itself. This in order to not alter the shape of the building and to not
increase the action of wind forces on the modules. This favors the circulation of air between the rear of the
modules and the building surface in order to limit temperature losses.

Produced energy - estimate criteria

The produced energy depends on:

- Installation site (latitude, solar radiation, temperature, surface reflectance of the front of the modules).
- Exposure of the modules: angle of inclination (tilt), angle of orientation (azimuth).
- Shading due to natural or artificial elements.
- Characteristics of the modules: power rating, temperature coefficient, decoupling losses or mismatch.
- B.O.S. (Balance Of System).

The value of BOS can be estimated directly or as a complement to the unity of all losses, calculated using the
following formula:

Total losses [
%]= [
1–(
1–a–b)x(
1–c-d)x(
1–e
)x(
1–f
)]+g

where:
a - losses due to reflections.
b - losses due to shading.
c - mismatching losses
d - losses due to the effects of temperature variations
e - DC circuit losses
f - Inverter losses.
g - AC circuits losses

Electrical verifications criteria

Considering the module minimum and maximum operating temperature points, (-10°C) and (70°C), the
following conditions were verified:

MPPT VOLTAGES
Voltage at maximum power point, Vm at 70 °C greater than the minimum MPPT voltage.
Voltage at maximum power point, Vm at -10 °C less than the maximum MPPT voltage.
These MPPT voltage values represent the maximum and minimum operational range for performance at
maximum power.

MAXIMUM VOLTAGE
Voc (open circuit) at -10 °C less than the maximum inverter voltage.

MODULE MAXIMUM VOLTAGE

Voc (open circuit) at -10 °C less than the maximum module voltage.

MAXIMUM CURRENT
Maximum generated current Isc (short circuit), less than the Inverter's maximum current.

INVERTER SIZING FACTOR

A typical sizing factor is between 70 % and 120 %
The inverter sizing factor is the percentage ratio between the nominal power of the inverter and the power of the
photovoltaic generator connected to it (in the case of MPPT sub-systems, sizing is verified for the MPPT
sub-system as a whole).
System Household PV System

The system, identified as "Household PV System", is a grid-connected system type and is connected to the main
grid with a "Single-phase in low voltage" type connection.
Its rated power is of 3.010 kW and an annual energy production of 2 162.91 kWh (equal to 718.57 kWh/kW),
resulting from 14 modules, with a surface of 20.94 m², and consists of 1 generator.

System technical datasheet

General Info

Responsible entity David Gilmour

Address 25 Montague Avenue
Postcode - Town SW4 5TX Sevenoaks

Latitude 51°.2697 N
Longitude 0°.1931 E
Altitude 156 m

Annual solar radiation on horizontal plane 999.11 kWh/m²

Shading coefficient 0.98

Technical Data

Modules total surface 20.94 m²

Total number of modules 14
Total number of inverters 1
Total annual energy 2 162.91 kWh
Total power 3.010 kW
Energy per kW 718.57 kWh/kW
Accumulation system Absent
Useful accumulation capacity -
BOS 74.97 %

Produced Energy

The total annual energy produced by the system is 2 162.91 kWh.

The chart below shows the monthly energy values produced by the PV system:
 Fig. 3: Monthly energy produced by the system

Other system component specifications

Module distribution and positioning

Each row of modules are mounted on alluminum profiles. These are connected to the roof structure by means of
an appropriate anchoring system.

Electrical wiring

Electrical connections between the various PV modules are in series and by using Multi Contact connectors.
These are also used for connecting the arrays to the Parallel switchboard which is connected in the same way to
the inverter.

Earthing system

»» Regard national and local regulations when integrating a PV system into an existing lightning protection
system.»» Proper grounding is achieved by connecting the module frame(s) and structural members
continuously one to another using a suitable copper grounding conductor. The grounding conductor must make a
connection to earth using a suitable earth ground electrode.»» Do not drill additional holes into the frame rails.»»
Even when applicable regulations, code requirements and standards do not require safety-related grounding,
YGE recommends grounding of all module frames in order to ensure voltage between frames and ground is zero
under all circumstances.»» The long frame rails have pre-drilled holes in their center marked with a grounding
sign. These holes shall be used for grounding purposes and must not be used for mounting the modules to the
support structure.»» Use M6 stainless steel bolts and nuts to fasten the terminal lug of the grounding wire to the
frame rail. Make sure to break through the frame anodizing by using a stainless steel tooth washer between the
lug and the frame surface.

Energy storage system

Absent

Circuit protections

Typical circuit protections have been guaranteed with efficient magneto-thermal circuit breakers that are also
equipped with remote monitoring facilities.

Notes

Fig. 4: System Photo

Generator Generator

The generator identified as: “

Gene
rator
”has a rated power output of 3.010 kW and an annual energy production
of 2 162.91 kWh, deriving from 14 modules occupying a total surface area of 20.94 m².

System technical specifications

General Info

Modules positioning Parallel to surfaces

Mounting structure Fixed

Module inclination (Tilt) 35°

Module orientation (Azimuth) 75°
Annual solar radiation on module plane 955.84 kWh/m²

Number of available surfaces 1

Total available surface 39.46 m²
Total used surface 39.46 m²

Total power 3.010 kW

Total annual energy 2 162.91 kWh

Module

Brand–Model SCHÜCO - MPE 215 PS 05

Total number of modules 14
Modules total surface 20.94 m²

Inverter configuration

MPPT Number of modules Strings per module

1 14 2x7

Inverter

Brand–Model SCHÜCO - SGI 3500T

Total number 1
Inverter sizing (between 70 % and 120 %) 109.63 % (VERIFIED)
Phase type Single-phase

Module Positioning

Modules layout is shown in the following illustration:

 Fig. 5: Generator modules positioningGenerator

Electrical checks MPPT 1

Considering the module minimum and maximum operating temperature points, (-10°C) and (70°C), the
following conditions were verified:

MPPT VOLTAGES
Vm at 70 °C (150.20 V) greater than Vmppt min. (125.00 V) VERIFIED
Vm at -10 °C (220.42 V) less than Vmppt max. (400.00 V) VERIFIED

MAXIMUM VOLTAGES
Voc at -10 °C (261.72 V) less than MPPT max. input voltage (500.00 V) VERIFIED

MAXIMUM MODULE VOLTAGE

Vocat-
10°
C(261.
72V)les
sthanmodul
e’
smax
.sys
tem vol
tage(
1000.
00V) VERIFIED

MAXIMUM CURRENT
Max. generated current (17.30 A) less than MPPT max. input current (30.50 A) VERIFIED
Circuit diagram

The interface device is external to the DC/AC converters and composed of: Contactor (ABB - M204145)
The reference standard for cable dimensioning is IEC 60364.

Cables

Results
Thickne Cable
Leng. Current Voltage
Description Description ss Capacit
(M) (A) drop (%)
(mm²) y (A)
Grid - Main switchboard FG7R 0.6/1 kV 2.5 5.00 13.09 28.05 0.58
Main switchboard - Photovoltaic
FG7R 0.6/1 kV 2.5 5.00 13.09 28.05 0.58
panel
Photovoltaic panel - I 1 FG7R 0.6/1 kV 2.5 5.00 13.09 28.05 0.58
I 1 - Field Switchboard 1 H1Z2Z2-K 2.5 5.00 15.82 26.00 0.85
Field Switchboard 1 - S 1 H1Z2Z2-K 4.0 5.00 7.91 35.00 0.26
Field Switchboard 1 - S 2 H1Z2Z2-K 4.0 5.00 7.91 35.00 0.26

Switchboards

Main switchboard
SPD present output: ABB - OVR PLUS
Input Protection
Input Device
Photovoltaic panel Thermal-magnetic circuit breaker ABB - 11178652
Fig. 6: Single-line diagram for switch panel "Main switchboard"
 Photovoltaic panel
SPD present output: ABB - OVR PLUS
Input Protection
Input Device
I1 Thermal-magnetic circuit breaker Gewiss - GW96534

Fig. 7: Single-line diagram for switch panel "Photovoltaic panel"

 Field Switchboard 1
Output protection: Thermal-magnetic circuit breaker - ABB - 11178652
SPD present output: ABB - OVR PLUS
Input Protection
Input S 1 : Thermal-magnetic circuit breaker - ABB - 11178651
Diode present: D1 Diode
Fuse present: ABB - M277333
SPD present: ABB - OVR PLUS
Input S 2 : Thermal-magnetic circuit breaker - ABB - 11178651
Diode present: D1 Diode
Fuse present: ABB - M277333
SPD present: ABB - OVR PLUS
Fig. 8: Single-line diagram for switch panel "Field Switchboard 1"
Single-line diagram

The following diagram illustrates the single-line diagram of the entire PV system, in which its subsystems and
components are highlighted.

Fig. 9: System single-line electric diagram

 MODULES TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Module M.0833

GENERAL DATA
Brand SCHÜCO
Model MPE 215 PS 05
Material Type Polycrystalline Si
Price £ 0.00

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN STC

Peak Power 215.0 W
Im 7.91 A
Isc 8.65 A
Efficiency 14.40 %
Vm 27.10 V
Voc 33.00 V

OTHER ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Voc thermal coeff. -0.1254 V/°C
Isc thermal coeff. 0.040 %/°C
NOCT 45.0 °C
Vmax 1 000.00 V

MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Length 1 495.00 mm
Width 1 001.00 mm
Area 1.496 m²
Thickness 42.00 mm
Weight 18.00 kg
Number of cells 54

NOTES
Notes
 INVERTER TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Inverter I.218

GENERAL DATA
Brand SCHÜCO
Model SGI 3500T
Phase Type Single-phase
Price £ 0.00

MPPT INPUTS
N VMppt min [V] VMppt max [V] V max [V] I max [A]
1 125.00 400.00 500.00 30.50

Max power [W] 4 000

ELECTRICAL OUTPUT PARAMETERS

Nominal power 3 300 W
Nominal voltage 190÷264 V
Max. Efficiency 95.00 %
Current distortion factor 3%
Frequenzy 47.5÷50.2 Hz
European Eff. 94.10 %

MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Dimensions W x D x H 364x646x195 mm
Weight 28.50 kg

NOTES
Notes
 INDEX
GENERAL INFO 2
System installation site 2
Client 2
Designer 2
INTRODUCTION 3
Fuel savings 3
Avoided emissions 3
Reference standards 3
INSTALLATION SITE 4
System surface availability 4
Availability of the solar energy source 4
Average daily solar radiation per month on horizontal plane 4
Environmental and morphological characteristics 4
Shading analysis 4
Albedo 5
SYSTEM DESIGN 6
Calculation procedure 6
General design criteria 6
Produced energy - estimate criteria 6
Electrical verifications criteria 6
System Household PV System 8
System technical datasheet 8
Produced Energy 8
Other system component specifications 9
Module distribution and positioning 9
Electrical wiring 9
Earthing system 9
Energy storage system 9
Circuit protections 9
Notes 10
Generator Generator 11
System technical specifications 11
Module Positioning 11
Electrical checks MPPT 1 12
Circuit diagram 13
Cables 13
Switchboards 13
Single-line diagram 18
MODULES TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 19
Module M.0833 19
INVERTER TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 20
Inverter I.218 20
INDEX 21