An Illustration for the students who aspire for medical studies.

Prepared by T. Madhavan & K. Chandrasekaran, Lecturers in Zoology, Directorate of School Education., Pondicherry.
 An Illustration for the students who aspire for medical studies.

Fouling Organism
• Several aquatic organisms cause damages to
submerged surfaces.
• Marine sedantary organisms may affect piles,
floats,wooden dry docks and boats.
• These organisms are called foulers.
• Most of these organisms are distributed all over
the world through the agency of ships.

Prepared by T. Madhavan & K. Chandrasekaran, Lecturers in Zoology, Directorate of School Education., Pondicherry.
 An Illustration for the students who aspire for medical studies.

Fouling Organisms
• Fouling of ships results in increased resistance to movement
through water, reducing the efficiency, lowering of speed,
increasing fuel consumption and leading to wear and tear of
engine.
• The efficiency of underwater sound equipments fitted on to
commercial and naval vessels is also affected as result of
the accumulation of fouling organisms.
• Pipes are used to convey salt water in ships, industrial
plants, oil refineries, nuclear power plants and aquaria
become clogged and the flow is interrupted by the growth
of these organisms inside the pipe.

Prepared by T. Madhavan & K. Chandrasekaran, Lecturers in Zoology, Directorate of School Education., Pondicherry.
 An Illustration for the students who aspire for medical studies.

Factors influencing the settlement of fouling organisms.

• The formation of the primary film on the vessels.

• It is composed of diatoms and algae spores with a
relatively small portion of bacteria.
• The thin filaments of algae may afford foothold on
the substratum for the larvae to settle.
• The algae and diatoms serve as food for these
larvae.

Prepared by T. Madhavan & K. Chandrasekaran, Lecturers in Zoology, Directorate of School Education., Pondicherry.
 An Illustration for the students who aspire for medical studies.

Prepared by T. Madhavan & K. Chandrasekaran, Lecturers in Zoology, Directorate of School Education., Pondicherry.
 An Illustration for the students who aspire for medical studies.

Members of the fouling community

Algae
Mollusca -- Mussels
Arthropoda -- Barnacles
All the invertebrate groups and the tunicata.

Prepared by T. Madhavan & K. Chandrasekaran, Lecturers in Zoology, Directorate of School Education., Pondicherry.
 An Illustration for the students who aspire for medical studies.

Prevention of fouling

• Using copper sheathing on wooden hulls of boats.

• Applying suitable antifouling paint.

• Chlorination in condenser system

Prepared by T. Madhavan & K. Chandrasekaran, Lecturers in Zoology, Directorate of School Education., Pondicherry.
 An Illustration for the students who aspire for medical studies.

Prepared by T. Madhavan & K. Chandrasekaran, Lecturers in Zoology, Directorate of School Education., Pondicherry.