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Smart FRP-OFGB Bars and Their Application in Reinforced Concrete Beams
Smart FRP-OFGB Bars and Their Application in Reinforced Concrete Beams
beams
Z. Zhou, J.P. Ou & B. Wang
ABSTRACT: Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) has become more and more popular as construction material in
civil engineering due to its advantages of corrosion-resistance, high strength, nonmagnetic, fatigue-resistance
and so on. Optical Fiber Brag Grating (OFBG) is now widely accepted as smart sensor due to its advantages of
electric-magnetic resistance, small size, distributing measurement, durability, and so on. Combined the strength
properties of FRP with the sensing properties of OFBG, a new kind of smart FRP-OFBG composite bars have
been developed, and their mechanical properties, microstructures and sensing properties are also studied. The
experiment of FRP-OFBG reinforced concrete beams under static load has been done, and the strain of FRP
bars and cracking of concrete are monitored, especially the slip between FRP bars and concrete, and the strain
distribution of the beams. The experimental results show that FRP-OFBG is a wonderful construction material
for civil engineering. As smart sensing element, FRP-OFBG bars have overcome the difficulties of embedment
installation in concrete structures, and can be conveniently used in reinforced concrete structures as sensors as
well as reinforcing bars.
Resin
600
500
Stress( MPa)
400
300
250
200
GFRP-OFBG1
150
GFRP-OFBG2
100 GFRP1
GFRP2
50
-50
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000
Strain( 礶)
Wavelength( nm)
length of OFBG is measured with FBG-SLI Interro- 1553.5
1st extension
OFBG and GFRP-OFBG bars are 1.21 pm/µε and 1552.0 2nd extension
3rd extension
1.19 pm/µε respectively. The sensibility factor of
1551.5
OFBG is 1.20 pm/µε. The difference is attribute to
measurement precision of extensometer. 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200
Strain (礶)
1554.0
Figure 11. Repetitive property of GFRP-OFBG bar strain sens-
Measurement ing
1553.5 Linear fitting
W avelength (nm)
1553.0
3.4 Temperature sensing tests of FRP-OFBG bar
1552.5
? = 1551.553+0.00121e
R= 0.9999
The FRP-OFBG bars are placed in TYC-1 low tem-
1552.0
perature pool filled with alcohol and water. The test
temperature margin is -50 ℃~80 ℃, the temperature
1551.5
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 measurement precision is 0.01 ℃. The temperature
Strain (礶)
and wave length of OFBG are recorded. Test results
are shown in Figures 12 and 13. In Figure 12, the
Figure 8. Strain sensing property of CFRP-OFBG bar
temperature sensibility factor of GFRP-OFBG bar is
1547.5 17.24 pm/µε, 1.84 times that of bare OFBG. The
Measurement GFRP-OFBG bar enhances the temperature sensibil-
1547.0 Linear Fitting
ity factor because the coefficient of thermal expan-
sion of GFRP is larger than bare OFBG. In Figure
Wavelength( nm)
1546.5
13, the temperature sensing coefficient of CFRP-
OFBG bar is 8.68 pm/µε, 89% that of bare OFBG.
1546.0
? = 1543.265+ 0.00119e
The CFRP-OFBG bar reduces the temperature sensi-
1545.5
R=0.99982 bility factor because the coefficient of thermal expan-
sion of GFRP is smaller than bare OFBG.
1545.0 1551.0
1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400
Strain( e ) Measurement
1550.5 Linear Fitting
1550.0
the specimens are load, unload with some loops. The 1549.0
? =1549.240+0.01724? T
test results reveal FRP-OFBG bar can work very well
in load-unload loops because it is in elastic range, as 1548.5
1554.5
1553.5
1553.0
1552.5
1552.0
1550.5
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Strain (礶)
1530.8
At the end of each step, load, midspan deflection,
Measurement
Linear Fitting strain gage reading and wave length are recorded.
Wavelength (nm)
1530.6
The typical test results are shown in Figures 16 and
1530.4
17. The failure modes of concrete beams are shown
1530.2 in Figures 18 and 19.
1530.0 ? =1530.268+0.0086? T 80
70
1529.8
60
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Temperature (? ) 50
Load (KN)
40
20
-10
TESTS -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Strain (礶)
4.1 Test design and preparation Figure 16. Load-strain relationship of CFRP-OFBG beam
The FRP-OFBG bars are embedded in twelve con-
160
crete beams to monitor the strain of FRP bars. The
140
concrete compressive strength is 30 MPa and 40 120
MPa. The weight mixture ratio is cement: sand: 100
Load (KN)
gravel: water=381: 631: 1172: 195 kg and 454: 609: 80
modulus of elasticity of steel bar are 335 MPa, 200 40 FBG at mid-span
FBG at 1/3 span
GPa respectively. The steel stirrups (8 mm in diame- 20 FBG at abutment
Extensometer
ter) are spaced by 50 mm for all beams to prevent 0
6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Figure 20. SEM of uncracked interface between CFRP-OFBG
surface and FRP
This research is financially supported by the High-
Tech Research and Development Program of China
(Grant No. 2001AA602023, 2002AA3131110) and
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant
No. 50208007).
REFERENCES
ACI 440. 2001. Guide for the design and construction of con-
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and FRP Fukuyama, H. 1999. FRP composite in Japan. Concrete Inter-
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5 CONCLUSIONS with FRP – in Canada. Concrete International Design and
Construction 21(10): 25-28.
The FRP-OFBG bars are produced and its micro-
structure, mechanical, strain sensing, temperature
sensing properties are studied. The concrete beams
reinforced with FRP-OFBG bar are test under static
loading. The strain of FRP bar, the cracking of con-
crete, and the slip between FRP bar and concrete are
monitored. Based on this research the OFBG don抰
affect the mechanical properties of FRP bars because
OFBG diameter is relative thin compared with FRP
bar diameter. The sensibility factor of FRP-OFBG
bar is same as bare OFBG in that OFBG embedded
in FRP integrate with FRP well. The measurement
precision is about 1~2µε, the maximum tensile strain
is 1200µε. The temperature sensing property of FRP-