5.

3 SLAB
5.3.1 Slab: Office Area
Ref. Calculation Output
Specification:

MS EN 1990
Table 2.1

MS EN 1992-
1-2 Sec-5.7

Table 4.1

Table E.1N

Table 4.3N

Durability, Fire and Resistance:

Design life = 50 years
Fire Resistance = R60

Exposure Class XC3

XC1 Indicative strength class C30/37, Structural Class S4

Member with Slab Geometry – Reduce class by 1

Structural Class S3

Long span, 𝑙𝑦 = 6000 mm

Short span, 𝑙𝑥 = 5000 mm
Table 4.2 𝑙𝑦 6000
𝑙𝑥
= 5000 = 1.2 ≤ 2.0 (two-way slab)
 Characteristic Action:
Permanent Action:
Variable, 𝑞𝑘 = 2.5 kN/m2
Materials:
Characteristic Strength of Concrete, 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 30 N/mm2
Characteristic Strength of Steel, 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 500 N/mm2
Unit Weight of Reinforced Concrete = 25 kN/m2
Density of Screed = 29.3 kg/m2
Density of Gypsum = 43.9 kg/m2
Nominal Concrete Cover:
𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛,𝑑𝑢𝑟 + ∆𝐶𝑑𝑒𝑣
𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 20 + 10
𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 30 𝑚𝑚
Assumed: ∅bar = 10 mm

Table 7.4N Slab Thickness: Try,

Estimated thickness considering deflection control, ℎ = 175 𝑚𝑚
5000
ℎ=
30
ℎ = 166.7 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑟𝑦, ℎ = 175 𝑚𝑚
Actions: Table A1.2B:
Slab self-weight = ℎ × 𝛾𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 = 0.175 × 25 EN1990
= 4.375 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Permanent Action, 𝑔𝑘 excluding self-weight:
𝜌𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑 ×𝑔 29.3 ×9.81
Screed = =
1000 1000
2
= 0.287 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
Total Permanent Load on Slab = self-weight slab + Screed
𝐺𝑘 = 4.375 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 + 0.287 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝐺𝑘 = 4.662 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Variable Action, 𝑄𝑘 = 2.5 kN/m2
Design Load,
𝑛𝑑 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘
= 1.35(4.662) + 1.5(2.5)
= 10.04 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Analysis: Table 3.12
Long span, 𝑙𝑦 = 6000 mm BS8110
Short span, 𝑙𝑥 = 5000 mm
𝑙𝑦 6000
𝑙𝑥
= 5000 = 1.2 ≤ 2.0 (two-way slab)

Simply supported slab

Moment:
Short span, 𝑚𝑠𝑥 = 𝑎𝑠𝑥 𝑛𝑙𝑥 2
𝑎𝑠𝑥 = 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑎𝑠𝑥 = 0.084
𝑛 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑛 = 10.04 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑙𝑥 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑙𝑥 = 5000 mm

Short span, 𝑚𝑠𝑥 = 𝑎𝑠𝑥 𝑛𝑙𝑥 2

Short span, 𝑚𝑠𝑥 = 0.084(10.04)(5.0)2
𝑚
Short span, 𝑚𝑠𝑥 = 21.084 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

Long span, 𝑚𝑠𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑦 𝑛𝑙𝑦2

𝑎𝑠𝑦 = 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑎𝑠𝑦 = 0.059
𝑛 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑛 = 10.04 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑙𝑦 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑙𝑦 = 6000 mm
Long span, 𝑚𝑠𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑦 𝑛𝑙𝑦2
Long span, 𝑚𝑠𝑦 = 0.059(10.04)(6.0)2
𝑚
Long span, 𝑚𝑠𝑦 = 21.324 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
Main Reinforcement

Effective depth:
𝑑𝑥 = ℎ − 𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 − 0.5∅𝑏𝑎𝑟
𝑑𝑥 = 175 − 30 − 0.5(10)
𝑑𝑥 = 140 𝑚𝑚

𝑑𝑦 = ℎ − 𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 − 1.5∅𝑏𝑎𝑟
𝑑𝑦 = 175 − 30 − 1.5(10)
𝑑𝑦 = 130 𝑚𝑚

Short Span:
𝑚
𝑚𝑠𝑥 = 21.084 𝑘𝑁.
𝑚
𝑀
𝐾=
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑2
21.084 × 106
=
(30)(1000)(140)2
= 0.036 < 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 1.67
*Compression steel is not required

𝑘
𝑍 = 𝑑 (0.5 + √0.25 − )
1.134

0.036
= 𝑑 (0.5 + √0.25 − )
1.134

= 0.97 > 0.95𝑑

𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑍 = 0.95𝑑

𝑀
𝐴𝑠 =
0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧
21.084 × 106
𝐴𝑠 =
0.87(500)(0.95)(140)
= 364.4 𝑚𝑚2
Use H10-200 top (𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 = 393 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚)
Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,
𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26 ( ) 𝑏𝑑
𝑓𝑦𝑘
2.9
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26 ( ) (1000)(140)
500
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 211.12 𝑚𝑚2

Checking:
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0013𝑏𝑑 = 0.0013(1000)(140) = 182 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04𝐴𝑐 = 0.04(1000)(140) = 5600 𝑚𝑚2

Long Span:
𝑚
Long span, 𝑚𝑠𝑦 = 21.324 𝑘𝑁.
𝑚
𝑀
𝐾=
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑2
21.324 × 106
=
(30)(1000)(130)2
= 0.042 < 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 1.67
*Compression steel is not required

𝑘
𝑍 = 𝑑 (0.5 + √0.25 − )
1.134

0.042
= 𝑑 (0.5 + √0.25 − )
1.134

= 0.96 > 0.95𝑑

𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑍 = 0.95𝑑

𝑀
𝐴𝑠 =
0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧
21.324 × 106
𝐴𝑠 =
0.87(500)(0.95)(130)
= 397.0 𝑚𝑚2
Use H10-175 Bottom (𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 = 449 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚)
Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,
𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26 ( ) 𝑏𝑑
𝑓𝑦𝑘
2.9
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26 ( ) (1000)(130)
500
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 196.04 𝑚𝑚2

Checking:
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0013𝑏𝑑 = 0.0013(1000)(130) = 162 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04𝐴𝑐 = 0.04(1000)(130) = 5200 𝑚𝑚2

Shear:

Maximum design shear force,

Short Span
𝑛𝑙𝑥
𝑉𝐸𝑑 =
2
10.04 × 6.0
=
2
𝑘𝑁
= 30.12
𝑀
Design Shear Resistance,
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = ((0.12𝑘(100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 )𝑏𝑑

200
𝑘 = (1 + √ ) ≤ 2.0
𝑑

200
𝑘 = (1 + √ ) = 2.24 ≥ 2.0 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 2.0
130

𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣
𝜌1 = ≤ 0.002
𝑏𝑑
393
𝜌1 = = 0.003 ≥ 0.002
(1000)(140)
𝜌1 = 0.002
 1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [0.12𝑘(1000𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 ]𝑏𝑑
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [0.12(2)(100 × 0.002 × 30)3 ](1000)(140)
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 61.06 𝑘𝑁
3 1
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = [0.035𝑘 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2 ] 𝑏𝑑
3 1
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = [0.035(2.0)2 (30)2 ] (1000)(140)

𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 75.91 𝑘𝑁
So 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 75.91 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 [OK]

Long Span
𝑛𝑙𝑦
𝑉𝐸𝑑 =
2
10.04 × 5.0
=
2
𝑘𝑁
= 25.1
𝑀
Design Shear Resistance,
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = ((0.12𝑘(100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 )𝑏𝑑

200
𝑘 = (1 + √ ) ≤ 2.0
𝑑

200
𝑘 = (1 + √ ) = 2.195 ≥ 2.0 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 2.0
140

𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣
𝜌1 = ≤ 0.002
𝑏𝑑
449
𝜌1 = = 0.003 ≥ 0.002
(1000)(130)
𝜌1 = 0.002

1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [0.12𝑘(100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 ]𝑏𝑑
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [0.12(2)(100 × 0.002 × 30)3 ](1000)(130)
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 56.69 𝑘𝑁
 3 1
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = [0.035𝑘 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2 ] 𝑏𝑑
3 1
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = [0.035(2.0)2 (30)2 ] (1000)(130)

𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 70.49 𝑘𝑁
So 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 70.49 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 [OK]

Table 7.4N Deflection:

Percentage of required tension reinforcement,

𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 397
𝜌= = = 0.0031
𝑏𝑑 (1000)(130)
Reference reinforcement ratio,
1
𝜌𝑜 = (𝑓𝑐𝑘 2 ) × 10−3
1
𝜌𝑜 = (302 ) × 10−3

𝜌𝑜 = 0.0055
Factor for structural system, K = 1.0
𝜌 < 𝜌𝑜 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1
𝑙 𝜌 𝜌 3
= 𝐾 [11 + 1.5 √𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 3.2√𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( − 1)2
𝑑 𝜌𝑜 𝜌𝑜
𝑙 0.0031 0.0031 3
= 1.0 [11 + 1.5 √30 + 3.2√30( − 1)2
𝑑 0.0055 0.0055
𝑙
𝑑
= 121.34 mm

Modification:
Modification factor for span less than 7 m = 1.0
Modification factor for steel area provided;
𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 449
= = = 1.13
𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 397

Therefore, allowable span-effective depth ratio,

𝑙
( ) = 121.34 × 1.0 × 1.13 = 137.11 𝑚𝑚
𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
Actual span-effective depth,
𝑙 6000 𝑙
( ) = = 46.15 𝑚𝑚 < ( ) [𝑂𝐾]
𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 130 𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
Cracking:

ℎ = 175 𝑚𝑚 < 200 𝑚𝑚 [𝑂𝐾]

Main Bar:
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 3ℎ ≤ 400 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 3(175) = 525 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 400 𝑚𝑚

Secondary Bar:
𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑔𝑘 + 0.3𝑞𝑘 1
𝑓𝑐 = × ×
1.15 1.35𝑔𝑘 + 1.5𝑞𝑘 𝛿
500 4.662 + 0.3(2.5) 1
𝑓𝑐 = × ×
1.15 1.35(4.662) + 1.5(2.5) 1
𝑓𝑐 = 234.3 𝑚𝑚 < 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 400 𝑚𝑚 [OK]

Detailing:
5.3.2 Slab: Toilet Area
Ref. Calculation Output
Specification:

MS EN 1990
Table 2.1

MS EN 1992-
1-2 Sec-5.7

Table 4.1

Table E.1N

Table 4.3N

Durability, Fire and Resistance:

Design life = 50 years
Fire Resistance = R60

Exposure Class XC3

XC1 Indicative strength class C30/37, Structural Class S4

Member with Slab Geometry – Reduce class by 1

Structural Class S3

Long span, 𝑙𝑦 = 3000 mm

Table 4.2
Short span, 𝑙𝑥 = 2000 mm
𝑙𝑦 6000
𝑙𝑥
= 5000 = 1.5 ≤ 2.0 (two-way slab)

Characteristic Action:
Permanent Action:
Variable, 𝑞𝑘 = 2.0 kN/m2
 Materials:
Characteristic Strength of Concrete, 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 30 N/mm2
Characteristic Strength of Steel, 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 500 N/mm2
Unit Weight of Reinforced Concrete = 25 kN/m2
Density of Screed = 29.3 kg/m2
Density of Gypsum = 43.9 kg/m2
Nominal Concrete Cover:
𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛,𝑑𝑢𝑟 + ∆𝐶𝑑𝑒𝑣
𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 20 + 10
𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 30 𝑚𝑚
Assumed: ∅bar = 10 mm
Table 7.4N Slab Thickness: Try,
Estimated thickness considering deflection control, ℎ = 150 𝑚𝑚
3000
ℎ=
20
ℎ = 150 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑟𝑦, ℎ = 150 𝑚𝑚
Actions: Table A1.2B:
Slab self-weight = ℎ × 𝛾𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 EN1990
= 0.15 × 25
= 3.75 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Permanent Action, 𝑔𝑘 excluding self-weight:
𝜌𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑 ×𝑔 29.3 ×9.81
Screed = =
1000 1000

= 0.287 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝜌𝑔𝑦𝑝𝑠𝑢𝑚 ×𝑔 43.9 ×9.81
Gypsum = =
1000 1000

= 0.431 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Total Permanent Load on Slab = self-weight slab + Screed +
Gypsum
𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = 3.75 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 + 0.287 𝑚2 + 0.431 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

𝐺𝑘 = 4.468 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Variable Action, 𝑄𝑘 = 2.0 kN/m2
Design Load,
𝑛𝑑 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘
= 1.35(4.468) + 1.5(2.0)
= 9.03 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Analysis: Table 3.12
BS8110
Long span, 𝑙𝑦 = 3000 mm
Short span, 𝑙𝑥 = 2000 mm
𝑙𝑦 3000
𝑙𝑥
= 2000 = 1.5 ≤ 2.0 (two-way slab)

Simply supported slab

Moment:
Short span, 𝑚𝑠𝑥 = 𝑎𝑠𝑥 𝑛𝑙𝑥 2
𝑎𝑠𝑥 = 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑎𝑠𝑥 = 0.104
𝑛 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑛 = 9.03 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑙𝑥 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑙𝑥 = 2000 mm

Short span, 𝑚𝑠𝑥 = 𝑎𝑠𝑥 𝑛𝑙𝑥 2

Short span, 𝑚𝑠𝑥 = 0.104(9.03)(2.0)2
𝑚
Short span, 𝑚𝑠𝑥 = 3.76 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

Long span, 𝑚𝑠𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑦 𝑛𝑙𝑦2

𝑎𝑠𝑦 = 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑎𝑠𝑦 = 0.046
𝑛 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑛 = 9.03 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑙𝑦 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑙𝑦 = 3000 mm
Long span, 𝑚𝑠𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑦 𝑛𝑙𝑦2
Long span, 𝑚𝑠𝑦 = 0.046(9.03)(3.0)2
𝑚
Long span, 𝑚𝑠𝑦 = 3.74 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
Main Reinforcement

Effective depth:
𝑑𝑥 = ℎ − 𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 − 0.5∅𝑏𝑎𝑟
𝑑𝑥 = 150 − 30 − 0.5(10)
𝑑𝑥 = 115 𝑚𝑚

𝑑𝑦 = ℎ − 𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 − 1.5∅𝑏𝑎𝑟
𝑑𝑦 = 150 − 30 − 1.5(10)
𝑑𝑦 = 105 𝑚𝑚

Short Span:
𝑚
𝑚𝑠𝑥 = 3.76 𝑘𝑁.
𝑚
𝑀
𝐾=
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑2
3.76 × 106
=
(30)(1000)(115)2
= 0.009 < 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 1.67
*Compression steel is not required

𝑘
𝑍 = 𝑑 (0.5 + √0.25 − )
1.134

0.009
= 𝑑 (0.5 + √0.25 − )
1.134

= 0.99 > 0.95𝑑

𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑍 = 0.95𝑑

𝑀
𝐴𝑠 =
0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧
3.76 × 106
𝐴𝑠 =
0.87(500)(0.95)(115)
𝐴𝑠 = 79.11 𝑚𝑚2
Use H10-250 Bottom (𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 = 314 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚)
Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,
𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26 ( ) 𝑏𝑑
𝑓𝑦𝑘
2.9
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26 ( ) (1000)(115)
500
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 173.42 𝑚𝑚2

Checking:
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0013𝑏𝑑 = 0.0013(1000)(115) = 150 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04𝐴𝑐 = 0.04(1000)(115) = 4600 𝑚𝑚2

Long Span:
𝑚
Long span, 𝑚𝑠𝑦 = 3.74 𝑘𝑁.
𝑚
𝑀
𝐾=
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑2
3.74 × 106
=
(30)(1000)(105)2
= 0.011 < 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 1.67
*Compression steel is not required

𝑘
𝑍 = 𝑑 (0.5 + √0.25 − )
1.134

0.011
= 𝑑 (0.5 + √0.25 − )
1.134

= 0.99 > 0.95𝑑

𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑍 = 0.95𝑑

𝑀
𝐴𝑠 =
0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧
3.74 × 106
𝐴𝑠 =
0.87(500)(0.95)(105)
= 86.19 𝑚𝑚2
Use H10-300 Top (𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 = 262 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚)
Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,
𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26 ( ) 𝑏𝑑
𝑓𝑦𝑘
2.9
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26 ( ) (1000)(105)
500
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 158.34 𝑚𝑚2

Checking:
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0013𝑏𝑑 = 0.0013(1000)(105) = 136.5 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04𝐴𝑐 = 0.04(1000)(105) = 4200 𝑚𝑚2

Shear:

Maximum design shear force,

Short Span
𝑛𝑙𝑥
𝑉𝐸𝑑 =
2
9.03 × 2.0
=
2
𝑘𝑁
= 9.03
𝑀
Design Shear Resistance,
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = ((0.12𝑘(100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 )𝑏𝑑

200
𝑘 = (1 + √ ) ≤ 2.0
𝑑

200
𝑘 = (1 + √ ) = 2.32 ≥ 2.0 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 2.0
115

𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣
𝜌1 = ≤ 0.002
𝑏𝑑
314
𝜌1 = = 0.003 ≥ 0.002
(1000)(115)
𝜌1 = 0.002
 1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [0.12𝑘(100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 ]𝑏𝑑
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [0.12(2)(100 × 0.002 × 30)3 ](1000)(115)
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 50.15 𝑘𝑁
3 1
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = [0.035𝑘 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2 ] 𝑏𝑑
3 1
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = [0.035(2.0)2 (30)2 ] (1000)(115)

𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 62.36 𝑘𝑁
So 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 62.36 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 [OK]

Long Span
𝑛𝑙𝑦
𝑉𝐸𝑑 =
2
9.03 × 3.0
=
2
𝑘𝑁
= 13.55
𝑀
Design Shear Resistance,
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = ((0.12𝑘(100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 )𝑏𝑑

200
𝑘 = (1 + √ ) ≤ 2.0
𝑑

200
𝑘 = (1 + √ ) = 2.38 ≥ 2.0 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 2.0
105

𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣
𝜌1 = ≤ 0.002
𝑏𝑑
262
𝜌1 = = 0.002 ≥ 0.002
(1000)(105)
𝜌1 = 0.002

1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [0.12𝑘(100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 ]𝑏𝑑
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [0.12(2)(100 × 0.002 × 30)3 ](1000)(105)
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 45.79 𝑘𝑁
 3 1
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = [0.035𝑘 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2 ] 𝑏𝑑
3 1
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = [0.035(2.0)2 (30)2 ] (1000)(105)

𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 56.93 𝑘𝑁
So 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 56.93 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 [OK]

Table 7.4N Deflection:

Percentage of required tension reinforcement,

𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 79.11
𝜌= = = 0.0007
𝑏𝑑 (1000)(115)
Reference reinforcement ratio,
1
𝜌𝑜 = (𝑓𝑐𝑘 2 ) × 10−3
1
𝜌𝑜 = (302 ) × 10−3

𝜌𝑜 = 0.0055
Factor for structural system, K = 1.0
𝜌 < 𝜌𝑜 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1
𝑙 𝜌 𝜌 3
= 𝐾 [11 + 1.5 √𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 3.2√𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( − 1)2
𝑑 𝜌𝑜 𝜌𝑜
𝑙 0.0007 0.0007 3
= 1.0 [11 + 1.5 √30 + 3.2√30( − 1)2
𝑑 0.0055 0.0055
𝑙
𝑑
= 43 mm

Modification:
Modification factor for span less than 7 m = 1.0
Modification factor for steel area provided;
𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 314
= = = 3.96
𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 79.11

Therefore, allowable span-effective depth ratio,

𝑙
( ) = 43 × 1.0 × 3.96 = 170.28 𝑚𝑚
𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
Actual span-effective depth,
𝑙 2000 𝑙
( ) = = 17.39 𝑚𝑚 < ( ) [𝑂𝐾]
𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 115 𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
Cracking:

ℎ = 150 𝑚𝑚 < 200 𝑚𝑚 [𝑂𝐾]

Main Bar:
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 3ℎ ≤ 400 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 3(150) = 450 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 400 𝑚𝑚

Secondary Bar:
𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑔𝑘 + 0.3𝑞𝑘 1
𝑓𝑐 = × ×
1.15 1.35𝑔𝑘 + 1.5𝑞𝑘 𝛿
500 4.468 + 0.3(2.0) 1
𝑓𝑐 = × ×
1.15 1.35(4.468) + 1.5(2.0) 1
𝑓𝑐 = 244 𝑚𝑚 < 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 400 𝑚𝑚 [OK]

Detailing:
5.3.3 Slab: Lobby Area
Ref. Calculation Output
Specification:

MS EN 1990
Table 2.1

MS EN 1992-
1-2 Sec-5.7

Table 4.1

Table E.1N

Table 4.3N

Durability, Fire and Resistance:

Design life = 50 years
Fire Resistance = R60

Exposure Class XC3

XC1 Indicative strength class C30/37, Structural Class S4

Member with Slab Geometry – Reduce class by 1

Structural Class S3

Long span, 𝑙𝑦 = 2000 mm

Table 4.2
Short span, 𝑙𝑥 = 2000 mm
𝑙𝑦 6000
𝑙𝑥
= 5000 = 1.2 ≤ 2.0 (two-way slab)

Characteristic Action:
Permanent Action:
Variable, 𝑞𝑘 = 2.5 kN/m2
 Materials:
Characteristic Strength of Concrete, 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 30 N/mm2
Characteristic Strength of Steel, 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 500 N/mm2
Unit Weight of Reinforced Concrete = 25 kN/m2
Density of Screed = 29.3 kg/m2
Density of Gypsum = 43.9 kg/m2
Nominal Concrete Cover:
𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛,𝑑𝑢𝑟 + ∆𝐶𝑑𝑒𝑣
𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 20 + 10
𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 30 𝑚𝑚
Assumed: ∅bar = 10 mm
Table 7.4N Slab Thickness: Try,
Estimated thickness considering deflection control, ℎ = 100 𝑚𝑚
2000
ℎ=
20
ℎ = 100 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑟𝑦, ℎ = 100 𝑚𝑚
Actions: Table A1.2B:
Slab self-weight = ℎ × 𝛾𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 = 0.1 × 25 EN1990
= 2.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Permanent Action, 𝑔𝑘 excluding self-weight:
𝜌𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑 ×𝑔 29.3 ×9.81
Screed = =
1000 1000

= 0.287 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Total Permanent Load on Slab = self-weight slab + Screed
𝐺𝑘 = 2.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 + 0.287 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝐺𝑘 = 2.787 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Variable Action, 𝑄𝑘 = 2.5 kN/m2

Design Load,
𝑛𝑑 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘
= 1.35(2.787) + 1.5(2.5)
= 7.51 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Analysis: Table 3.12
BS8110
Long span, 𝑙𝑦 = 2000 mm
Short span, 𝑙𝑥 = 2000 mm
𝑙𝑦 6000
𝑙𝑥
= 5000 = 1.0 ≤ 2.0 (two-way slab)

Simply supported slab

Moment:
Short span, 𝑚𝑠𝑥 = 𝑎𝑠𝑥 𝑛𝑙𝑥 2
𝑎𝑠𝑥 = 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑎𝑠𝑥 = 0.062
𝑛 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑛 = 7.51 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑙𝑥 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑙𝑥 = 2000 mm

Short span, 𝑚𝑠𝑥 = 𝑎𝑠𝑥 𝑛𝑙𝑥 2

Short span, 𝑚𝑠𝑥 = 0.062(7.51)(2.0)2
𝑚
Short span, 𝑚𝑠𝑥 = 1.86 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

Long span, 𝑚𝑠𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑦 𝑛𝑙𝑦2

𝑎𝑠𝑦 = 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑎𝑠𝑦 = 0.062
𝑛 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑛 = 7.51 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑙𝑦 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑙𝑦 = 2000 mm
Long span, 𝑚𝑠𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑦 𝑛𝑙𝑦2
Long span, 𝑚𝑠𝑦 = 0.062(7.51)(2.0)2
𝑚
Long span, 𝑚𝑠𝑦 = 1.86 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
Main Reinforcement

Effective depth:
𝑑𝑥 = ℎ − 𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 − 0.5∅𝑏𝑎𝑟
𝑑𝑥 = 100 − 30 − 0.5(10)
𝑑𝑥 = 65 𝑚𝑚

𝑑𝑦 = ℎ − 𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 − 1.5∅𝑏𝑎𝑟
𝑑𝑦 = 175 − 30 − 1.5(10)
𝑑𝑦 = 55 𝑚𝑚

Short Span:
𝑚
𝑚𝑠𝑥 = 1.86 𝑘𝑁.
𝑚
𝑀
𝐾=
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑2
1.86 × 106
=
(30)(1000)(65)2
= 0.015 < 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 1.67
*Compression steel is not required

𝑘
𝑍 = 𝑑 (0.5 + √0.25 − )
1.134

0.015
= 𝑑 (0.5 + √0.25 − )
1.134

= 0.99 > 0.95𝑑

𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑍 = 0.95𝑑

𝑀
𝐴𝑠 =
0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧
1.86 × 106
𝐴𝑠 =
0.87(500)(0.95)(65)
= 69.24 𝑚𝑚2
Use H10-300 top (𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 = 262 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚)
Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,
𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26 ( ) 𝑏𝑑
𝑓𝑦𝑘
2.9
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26 ( ) (1000)(65)
500
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 98.02 𝑚𝑚2

Checking:
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0013𝑏𝑑 = 0.0013(1000)(65) = 84.5 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04𝐴𝑐 = 0.04(1000)(65) = 2600 𝑚𝑚2

Long Span:
𝑚
𝑚𝑠𝑦 = 1.86 𝑘𝑁.
𝑚
𝑀
𝐾=
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑2
1.86 × 106
=
(30)(1000)(55)2
= 0.02 < 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 1.67
*Compression steel is not required

𝑘
𝑍 = 𝑑 (0.5 + √0.25 − )
1.134

0.02
= 𝑑 (0.5 + √0.25 − )
1.134

= 0.98 > 0.95𝑑

𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑍 = 0.95𝑑

𝑀
𝐴𝑠 =
0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧
1.86 × 106
𝐴𝑠 =
0.87(500)(0.95)(55)
= 81.83 𝑚𝑚2
Use H10-250 Bottom (𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 = 314 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚)
Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,
𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26 ( ) 𝑏𝑑
𝑓𝑦𝑘
2.9
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26 ( ) (1000)(55)
500
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 82.94 𝑚𝑚2

Checking:
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0013𝑏𝑑 = 0.0013(1000)(55) = 71.5 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04𝐴𝑐 = 0.04(1000)(55) = 2200 𝑚𝑚2

Shear:

Maximum design shear force,

Short Span
𝑛𝑙𝑥
𝑉𝐸𝑑 =
2
7.51 × 2.0
=
2
𝑘𝑁
= 7.51
𝑀
Design Shear Resistance,
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = ((0.12𝑘(100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 )𝑏𝑑

200
𝑘 = (1 + √ ) ≤ 2.0
𝑑

200
𝑘 = (1 + √ ) = 2.75 ≥ 2.0 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 2.0
65

𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣
𝜌1 = ≤ 0.002
𝑏𝑑
262
𝜌1 = = 0.004 ≥ 0.002
(1000)(65)
𝜌1 = 0.002
 1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [0.12𝑘(100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 ]𝑏𝑑
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [0.12(2)(100 × 0.002 × 30)3 ](1000)(65)
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 28.34 𝑘𝑁
3 1
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = [0.035𝑘 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2 ] 𝑏𝑑
3 1
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = [0.035(2.0)2 (30)2 ] (1000)(65)

𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 35.24 𝑘𝑁
So 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 35.24 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 [OK]

Long Span
𝑛𝑙𝑦
𝑉𝐸𝑑 =
2
7.51 × 5.0
=
2
𝑘𝑁
= 7.51
𝑀
Design Shear Resistance,
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = ((0.12𝑘(100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 )𝑏𝑑

200
𝑘 = (1 + √ ) ≤ 2.0
𝑑

200
𝑘 = (1 + √ ) = 2.91 ≥ 2.0 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 2.0
55

𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣
𝜌1 = ≤ 0.002
𝑏𝑑
314
𝜌1 = = 0.006 ≥ 0.002
(1000)(55)
𝜌1 = 0.002

1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [0.12𝑘(100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 ]𝑏𝑑
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [0.12(2)(100 × 0.002 × 30)3 ](1000)(55)
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 24 𝑘𝑁
3 1
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = [0.035𝑘 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2 ] 𝑏𝑑
 3 1
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = [0.035(2.0)2 (30)2 ] (1000)(55)

𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 29.82 𝑘𝑁
So 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 29.82 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 [OK]

Table 7.4N Deflection:

Percentage of required tension reinforcement,

𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 81.83
𝜌= = = 0.0015
𝑏𝑑 (1000)(55)
Reference reinforcement ratio,
1
𝜌𝑜 = (𝑓𝑐𝑘 2 ) × 10−3
1
𝜌𝑜 = (302 ) × 10−3

𝜌𝑜 = 0.0055
Factor for structural system, K = 1.0
𝜌 < 𝜌𝑜 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1
𝑙 𝜌 𝜌 3
= 𝐾 [11 + 1.5 √𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 3.2√𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( − 1)2
𝑑 𝜌𝑜 𝜌𝑜
𝑙 0.0015 0.0015 3
= 1.0 [11 + 1.5 √30 + 3.2√30( − 1)2
𝑑 0.0055 0.0055
𝑙
𝑑
= 76.32 mm

Modification:
Modification factor for span less than 7 m = 1.0
Modification factor for steel area provided;
𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 314
= 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞
= 81.83
= 3.84

Therefore, allowable span-effective depth ratio,

𝑙
( ) = 76.32 × 1.0 × 3.84 = 293.07 𝑚𝑚
𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
Actual span-effective depth,
𝑙 2000 𝑙
( ) = = 36.36 𝑚𝑚 < ( ) [𝑂𝐾]
𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 55 𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
Cracking:

ℎ = 100 𝑚𝑚 < 200 𝑚𝑚 [𝑂𝐾]

Main Bar:
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 3ℎ ≤ 400 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 3(100) = 300 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 300 𝑚𝑚

Secondary Bar:
𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑔𝑘 + 0.3𝑞𝑘 1
𝑓𝑐 = × ×
1.15 1.35𝑔𝑘 + 1.5𝑞𝑘 𝛿
500 2.787 + 0.3(2.5) 1
𝑓𝑐 = × ×
1.15 1.35(2.787) + 1.5(2.5) 1
𝑓𝑐 = 204.7 𝑚𝑚 < 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 300 𝑚𝑚 [OK]

Detailing: