GUIDED BY :-

Dr. DIGVIJAY Kr.SINGH

HOD (DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING)
NSIT, BIHTA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SUBMITED BY:-
(1) AMRIT PRATYUSH ( 155077 )
(2) ABHISHEK PRASHAR ( 155089 )
(3) SURYA PRAKASH ( 155105 )
(4) ROUSHAN ROY ( 155075 )
(5) FARHAD AHMAD ( 155080 )
(6) JAYESH JHA ( 155113 )
  NAME OF THE PROJECT
 DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF PILE RAFT FOUNDATION.

 STATEMENT ABOUT THE PROBLEM

 PROBLEM ON THE DESIGN OF PILE RAFT
FOUNDATION INCLUDE MOMENT AND SHEER FORCE ACTING ON RAFT
,DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMNENT ,MAXIMUM SETTELEMENT AND CAPACITY
OF THE PILE AND RAFTS .
 NOTE THAT CONTRIBUTION OF RAFT IN THE PILED RAFT FOUNDATION IS
NEGLECTED, THROUGH IT’S CONTRIBUTING SIGNIFICANTLY .
 AS A RESULT , A NUMBER OF PILE INSTALLED IS LIKELY TO BE HIGH
WHEN COMPARED TO THE DEMAND .
 THE STUDY CARRIED OUT BY (HORIKOSHI AND RANDOLPH,1998) CON-
CLUDED THAT TOTAL PILE CAPACITY SHOULD BE 40-70 % OF THE APPLIED
LOAD .

 WHY THIS PARTICULAR TOPIC CHOOSEN.;-

 IN SITUATIONS WHERE A RAFT FOUNDATION ALONE DOES NOT SATIS-
FY THE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ,IT MAY BE POSSIBLE TO ENHANCE
THE PERFOMANCE OF THE RAFT BY THE ADDITION OF PILES .
 THE USE OF A LIMITED NUMBER OF PILES , STRATEGICALLY LOCATED ,
MAY IMPROVE BOTH THE ULTIMATE LOAD CAPACITY AND THE SET-
TLEMENT AND DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT PERFORMANCE OF THE
RAFT .

 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

 THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO ANALYZE THE SETTLEMENTS OF THE
RAFT FOUNDATION AND BY ADDING PILES , AS THE PILE RAFT FOUN-
DATIONS , UNDER THE SAME LOADING .
 THE NUMERICAL ANALYSIS HAS BEEN DONE BY FINITE ELEMENT
METHOD USING PLAXIS 2D WITH CONSIDERING THE VARIOUS NUM-
BER OF PILES.
 AS THE RESULT ,THE ADDITION OF PILES COULD REDUCE THE SET-
TLEMENT , BUT AFTER REACH A CERTAIN NUMBER OF PILES
,INCREASING THE NUMBER OF PILES SHOWED THE SETTLEMENT
TENDS TO BE TO CONSTANT .
 FOR AN ECONOMIC DESIGN , IT IS NECESSARY TO CONSIDER THE OP-
TIMUM NUMBER OF PILES IN PILED RAFT FOUNDATION SYSTEM BASED
ON THE ALLOWABLE SETTLEMENTS .
  METHODOLOGY :-
TWO DIMENSIONAL PLANE STRAIN ANALYSIS USING FINITE ELEMENTS
SOFTWARE ANSY TO FIND THE ULTIMATE LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY AND
SETTLEMENT OF A PILED RAFT FOUNDATION.

 THE FOLLOWING PROPERTIES ARE TAKEN FOR THE ANAL-

YSIS OF PILE AND MAT.

(1).YOUNG'S MODULUS (E),

(2). POISSON ‘S RATIO

(3). DENSITY FOR PILE AND RAFT .

 SOIL IS TREATED AS ELASTO-PLASTIC AND HAVING

THE LINEAR MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND PROPERTIES THAT DESCRIBE
NON LINEAR BEHAVIOUR ARE MATERIAL COHESION STRENGTH(C),ANGLE
OF INTERNAL FRICTION AND FLOW ANGLE ARE EXPLAINED . FOR THE DESIGN
OF PILE ,MATE AND UNDERGROUND SOIL ,PLANE82 IS USED AS THE TYPE OF
ELEMENTS AND THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE ELEMENTS IS TAKEN AS PLANE
STRAIN BEHAVIOUR.

 THE INTERFACES BEHAVIOUR IS DESIGNED AS NON LINEAR BE-

HAVIOUR. THE CONTACT CONTA 172 AND TARGET 169 AT SOIL PILE
INTERFACES AND SOIL RAFT INTERFACE FOR
SOIL AND RAFT RESPECTIVELY PROVIDES COMPLETE ANALYSIS.
ON THE BOUNDARY CONDITION ,NODES WHICH PRESENT IN
BOTTOM OF THE SOIL ZONES IS FIXED AGAINST MOVEMENT IN
BOTH VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONS ON THE OTHER
WAY THE ZONE AWAY FROM FROM PILE
RAFT IS RESTRICTED ONLY AGAINST THE HORIZONTAL MOVE-
MENTS. THE HORIZONTAL BOUNDARY IS FIXED AT 5 TIMES THE
WIDTH OF THE PILED RAFT RAFTR CLUSTER
AND THE VERTICAL BOUNDARY IS FIXED AT 3 TIMES THE WIDTH
OF THE PILED RAFT CLUSTER.

 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE TO BE USED

 AXILTR
PROGRAM AXILTR, AXLAL LOAD-TRANSFER,CONSIST OF A MAIN
ROUTINE AND TWO SUBROUTINES THE MAIN ROUTINE FEEDS IN
 THE INPUT DATA , CALCULATES THE EFFECTIVE OVERBURDEN
STRESS.
 ANALYSIS OF ROCKY ELEMENT – ROCKPALNE
IT IS A SOFTWARE TOOL FOR THE EVALUATION OF LOCALIZED IN-
STABILITY OF ROCKY ELEMENTS AFFECTED BY SEISMIC MOVE-
MENTS WITHIN INTERSURFACE FRACTUCRES .
 APILE
IT IS USED TO COMPUTE THE AXIAL CAPACITY , AS A FUNCTION OF
DEPTH ,OF A DRIVEN PILE IN CLAY , SAND ,OR MIXED –SOIL PRO-
FILES

 TESTING TECHNOLOGIES USED.

 THIS SECTIONS INCLUDE TWO PARTS

(1) STATIC LOAD TESTS
(2) DYNAMIC LOAD TESTS.

 WHAT CONTRIBUTION WOULD THE PROJECT MAKE

 RAFT FOUNDATIONS ENHANCED WITH DEEP FOUNDATIONS ELE-

MENTS (TYPICALLY PILES ), SIMPLY KNOWN AS PILED RAFTS ,
WERE EXAMINED TO DEVELOPED A MORE INTEGRATED , DIS-
PLACEMENT –BASED , DESIGN METHODOLOGY .
 PILED RAFT WERE ANALYZED USING SIMPLIFIED LINEAR ELASTIC
AND NON LINEAR PLANE STRAIN FINITE ELEMENT MODELS
 THE EFFECTS OF RAFT AND PILE GROUP SYSTEM GEOMETRIES AND
PILE GROUP COMPRESSION CAPACITY WERE EVALUATED ON THE
AVERAGE AND DIFFERENTIAL.