HMT

Assignment 2

1. A manufacturer of household appliances is proposing a self-cleaning oven design that involves

use of a composite window separating the oven cavity from the room air. The composite is to
consist of two high-temperature plastics (A and B) of thicknesses LA = 2LB and thermal
conductivities kA = 0.15 W/m-Kand kB = 0.08W/m-K. During the self-cleaning process, the inside
window temperature Ts,i is 385 0C, while the room air temperature T∞ is 25 0C and the outside
convection coefficient is 25 W/m2-K What is the minimum window thickness, L =LA + LB, needed
to ensure a temperature that is 50 0C or less at the outer surface of the window during steady-
state operation? This temperature must not be exceeded for safety reasons.
2. A thin silicon chip and an 8-mm-thick aluminum substrate are separated by a thin epoxy joint
with a thermal resistance of Rt,c” = 0.9 x 10-4 m2K/W. The chip and substrate are each 10 mm on
a side, and their exposed surfaces are cooled by air, which is at a temperature of 25 0C and
provides a convection coefficient of 100 W/m2-K. If the chip dissipates electrical power Pe” = 104
W/m2 under normal conditions, will it operate below a maximum allowable temperature of 85
0
C?
3. A spherical, thin-walled metallic container is used to store liquid nitrogen at 77 K. The container
has a diameter of 0.5 m and is covered with an evacuated, reflective insulation composed of
silica powder. The insulation is 25 mm thick, and its outer surface is exposed to ambient air at
300 K. The convection coefficient is known to be 20 W/m2-K The heat of vaporization and the
density of liquid nitrogen are 2 x 105 J/kg and 804 kg/m3, respectively. (a) What is the rate of
heat transfer to the liquid nitrogen? (b) What is the rate of liquid boil-off (liters/day)?
4. A very long rod 5 mm in diameter has one end maintained at 100 0C. The cylindrical (lateral)
surface of the rod is exposed to ambient air at 25 0C with a convection heat transfer coefficient
of 100 W/m2K. (a) Assuming an infinite length, determine the steady-state temperature
distributions along rods constructed from pure copper, 2024 aluminum alloy, and type AISI 316
stainless steel. What are the corresponding fin heat rates from the rods? (b) How long must the
rods be for the assumption of infinite length to yield a reasonable estimate of the heat loss?
5. In a materials evaluation program, dielectric-coated glass beads of 12.5 mm diameter are
removed from a process oven with a uniform temperature of 225 0C. The beads are cooled in an
air stream for which T∞ = 20 0C and the convection coefficient is What is the temperature of a
bead after 6 min?
6. A plane wall is fitted with an aluminum (k= 204 W/mK) pin fin of 1cm diameter and 30 cm
length. The fin base temperature is 300 oC and the pin fin is in contact with air at 30 cm length.
The convection heat transfer coefficient between the fin surface and air is 10 W/m2K. Assuming
that the fin is infinitely long, calculate the temperature at 5 cm, 10 cm and 25 cm from the base
and the rate of heat transfer from the fin. Calculate the fin efficiency for the fin efficiency for the
fins.
7. An aluminum (k =204 W/m-K) rod 2 cm in diameter and 20 cm long protrudes from a wall which
is maintained at 300 0C. The end of the rod is insulated and the surface of the rod is exposed to
 air at 30 0C. Calculate the heat lost by the rod. Also calculate the temperature of the rod at a
distance of 10 cm from the wall. Calculate the fin efficiency for the fin efficiency for the fins.
8. A rectangular fin of length 30 cm, width 30 cm and thickness 2 mm is attached to a surface at
300 0C. The fin is made of aluminum (k = 204 W/m-K) and is exposed to air at 30 0C. The fin end
is uninsulated can lose heat through its end also. The convection heat transfer coefficient
between the fin surface and air is 15 W/m2K. Calculate the temperature of the fin at (a) 10 cm
(b) 20 cm and (c) 30 cm from the base and (d) the rate of heat transfer from the fin. Calculate
the fin efficiency for the fin efficiency for the fins.
 HMT

Assignment 3

1. A carbon-steel (k= 54 W/m-K; ρ=7833 kg/m3; c = 0.465 kJ/kgK) ball of 10 cm diameter whichis
initially at a uniform temperature of 625 0C is suddenly immersed in a large quantity of oil at 25
0
C. if the convection heat transfer coefficient between the steel ball and oil is 10 W/m2K,
determine the time required for the ball to attain a temperature of 100 0C.
2. A constantan wire of 1 mm diameter originally at 25 0C is suddenly exposed to air at 250 0C. if
the convection heat transfer coefficient is 3 W/m2 K, determine the time required for the wire to
reach a temperature of 225 0C.
3. A small copper ball of 5 mm diameter at 500 K is dropped into an oil bath whose temperature is
300 K. The thermal conductivity of copper is 400 W/mK, its density 9000 kg/m3 and its specific
heat 385 J/kg.K.1f the heat transfer coefficient is 250 W/m2K and lumped analysis is assumed to
be valid, determine the rate of fall of the temperature of the ball at the beginning of cooling, in
K/s..
4. A spherical thermocouple junction of diameter 0.706 mm is to be used for the measurement of
temperature of a gas stream. The convective heat transfer co-efficient on the bead surface is 400
W/m2K. Thermophysical properties of thermocouple material are k = 20 W/mK, C =400 J/kg, K
and ρ = 8500 kg/m3. If the thermocouple initially at 30°C is placed in a hot stream of 300°C, then
find the time taken by the bead to reach 298°C.
5. A thermocouple is formed by soldering end-to-end wires of 0.5 mm dia. The thermal diffusivity
of the material is 5.3 x 10-6 m2/s. the conductivity of the material is 19.1 W/mK. The probe
initially at 30 0C is placed in a fluid at 600 0C to measure the temperature of the fluid. If the
convection heat transfer coefficient between the wire and the fluid is 85 W/m2K, determine the
time constant for the probe and also the time taken for it to read 5980C.
6. Alloy steel balls of 20 mm diameter initially at 30 0C are to be heated to 350 0C using hot fluid at
600 0C. The convective heat transfer coefficient is 80 W/m2K. The conductivity, specific heat and
density are 39.8 W/mK, 4.61 J/kgK, and 7833kg/m3.Determine the time required and time
constant.
7. A steel cube of 30 mm side at 600 0C is allowed to cool in air at 35 0C, with convection coefficient
of 65 W/m2K. The conductivity, density, and specific heat are 36.3 W/mK, 7753 kg/m3, and 486
J/kgK. Determine the temperature of the temperature of the cube after 2 minutes.