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  • Cnidaria (Jellyfish, Anemones, Corals) : Diversity of Life - Animals

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    Cnidarians are a phylum of diploblastic aquatic animals that include jellyfish, corals, and anemones. They generally have radial symmetry, a gastrovascular cavity with a single opening for both ingestion and waste removal, and specialized stinging cells called cnidocytes. Cnidarians can exist as polyps, which are sessile forms anchored to the substrate, or as medusae, which are free-swimming bell-shaped forms. They are classified into three main groups: Hydrozoa which have both polyp and medusa stages, Scyphozoa which exist only as medusae, and Anthozoa which exist only as polyps.

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    Cnidarians are a phylum of diploblastic aquatic animals that include jellyfish, corals, and anemones. They generally have radial symmetry, a gastrovascular cavity with a single opening for both ingestion and waste removal, and specialized stinging cells called cnidocytes. Cnidarians can exist as polyps, which are sessile forms anchored to the substrate, or as medusae, which are free-swimming bell-shaped forms. They are classified into three main groups: Hydrozoa which have both polyp and medusa stages, Scyphozoa which exist only as medusae, and Anthozoa which exist only as polyps.

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    24 views24 pages

    Cnidaria (Jellyfish, Anemones, Corals) : Diversity of Life - Animals

    Uploaded by

    sadhandhev
    Cnidarians are a phylum of diploblastic aquatic animals that include jellyfish, corals, and anemones. They generally have radial symmetry, a gastrovascular cavity with a single opening for both ingestion and waste removal, and specialized stinging cells called cnidocytes. Cnidarians can exist as polyps, which are sessile forms anchored to the substrate, or as medusae, which are free-swimming bell-shaped forms. They are classified into three main groups: Hydrozoa which have both polyp and medusa stages, Scyphozoa which exist only as medusae, and Anthozoa which exist only as polyps.

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    of 24

    Diversity of Life – Animals

    CNIDARIA
    (jellyfish, anemones, corals)
    A Phylogeny of the Animal Phyla

    No true tissues
    Porifera
    radial symmetry
    Cnidaria
    diploblastic

    Ctenophora
    Acoelomates
    Platyhelminthes
    Pseudocoelomates
    Rotifera
    Nematoda
    Nemertea
    Protostomes
    Mollusca
    true tissues

    Annellida
    Arthorpoda
    Bilateral symmetry

    triploblastic
    Bryozoa
    Lophophorate
    phyla

    Body
    cavity

    Phoronida
    Coelomates

    Brachiopoda
    Echinodermata
    Deuterostomes
    Chordata
    Cnidaria - jellyfish, corals, anemones

    •  Description
    Animals that are
    • diploblastic
    • gastrovascular cavity
    • single opening (mouth + anus)
    Cnidaria - jellyfish, corals, anemones

    Jelly fish Anemones Corals

    Hydroids
    Cnidarians are diploblastic animals (2 germ layers)

    There can be two or three


    Ectoderm

    Mesoderm
    Endoderm

    Diploblastic Triploblastic
    Cnidaria - Body plans
    Both forms are present in the life cycles of
    most cnidarians

    POLYP MEDUSA
    Cnidaria - Body Plans
    Mouth/anus Epidermis (=ectoderm)

    Mesoglea

    Gastrodermis (=endoderm)

    Tentacle Gastrovascular
    cavity

    Tentacle Mouth/anus

    POLYP MEDUSA

    Note: No Mesoderm
    Cnidaria - Body Plans
    Epidermis (ectoderm)

    Mesoglea

    Gastrodermis (endoderm)
    Cnidaria - Body Plans

    Cnidocyte Interstitial cells

    Epitheliomuscular
    cell
    Neuron
    Epidermis

    Muscle fibrils
    Mesoglea

    Gastrodermis Enzymatic gland cell

    Nutritive muscle cell


    Cnidaria - Body Plans
    Epidermis Epitheliomuscular cells – form outer covering of animal
    - contractile
    Interstitial cells – produce other kinds of cells including sperm and egg
    Cnidocytes – feeding cells
    Neurons – nerve cells: part of the nerve net
    Muscle fibrils – contractile fibres – allow movement
    Cnidocytes – feeding cells
    Neurons – nerve cells: part of the nerve net

    Gastrodermis Nutritive muscle cell - takes in food from gastrovascular cavity

    Enzymatic gland cell - secretes enzymes to ‘pre-digest’ food


    Cnidaria - Body Plans

    Mesoglea
    Cnidaria - Body Plans
    Mesoglea

    Fibres of collagen &


    mucopolysaccharides
    Cnidaria - Feeding
    Cnidaria - Feeding
    Cnidaria – Nerves and Movement
    Cnidaria - Types of Cnidarians
    1.  Hydrozoa - Hydra, Portuguese-man-of-war, fire corals
    - both polyp and medusa in life cycle
    Cnidaria - Types of Cnidarians
    1.  Hydrozoa - Hydra, Portuguese-man-of-war, fire corals
    - both polyp and medusa in life cycle

    gastrozooid

    gonozooid

    dactylozooid
    Cnidaria - Types of Cnidarians
    1.  Hydrozoa - Hydra, Portuguese-man-of-war, fire corals
    - both polyp and medusa in life cycle
    Cnidaria - Types of Cnidarians
    1.  Hydrozoa - Hydra, Portuguese-man-of-war, fire corals
    - both polyp and medusa in life cycle
    Cnidaria - Types of Cnidarians
    1.  Hydrozoa - Hydra, Portuguese-man-of-war, fire corals
    - both polyp and medusa in life cycle

    Life Cycle
    Cnidaria - Types of Cnidarians
    2. Scyphozoa - jellyfish
    -exist as a medusa - polyp stage is reduced
    Cnidaria - Types of Cnidarians
    3. Anthozoa - anemones and true corals
    -exist as a polyp - medusa stage is absent
    Cnidaria - Types of Cnidarians
    3. Anthozoa - anemones and true corals
    -exist as a polyp - medusa stage is absent
    Cnidaria - Types of Cnidarians
    3. Anthozoa - anemones and true corals
    -exist as a polyp - medusa stage is absent

    Eggs
    Planula
    Sperm

    Adult colony

    Primary polyp

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