Sci.Intt. Res.

2003 16(4)26t-261
'*,

{,r\ cr EsrruauoN oF Lrar Denracs oF BANANA AFFECTED By Bexlne Lr.rr ern FRI rr
Brnrln, I\{onosra,a,q vIRIDIpENhrrs Nlosr. (Cor-eoprERA: Elinrorrrnrr) rr
I drl- Brxclenssu
. ;'!.t
Z J'[ Sonyar Zuhan n, Mrl -,4,bclwl Ahad b", h.{ S Buri " end M A Sordur,t
:iic
-i+
B-71-)C. No.shipur. Dinalpur Bcnglodeth
l:rb-
'
rn-1i L)eportnrcnt of fn\sn1olo,q.v. H lt{ [-) Sctencc and T-echnologt, {Iniversi\', Dinajpur-S2A0. Bc*tg!tttie sh

i.rn Deportment o.l- Agro/bre.stn,. H M 1) ,\cience Ltt?Ll Tbchnology (/nit,e r.sit1;, Dincjpur-520(), Banglacle.tlt

i)epsrrruent o./ L,ntcstnologl,, Ranglctdttslr Agriculnrcil (Iniver,tit1., M),ntensinglt, Bongldcleslt

,ll
.,.:ecn'e:d 26 N{a].200i: acceplcd 1 Noverr:ber 2002)

'lhe sttrdv rrlas t.nade to evalttate

:J
! the uaturc, exteul o1'damage and susceplitrilttv of banana leaf (tirrled 1ea1-. tieshh, ollen
leal antl rlratr-tre leal) affeoted br' leaf ar-rd tiuit heetlc. .\todostontu t,iridipenilis lulost. in an orchard in BanelaCesh
Agtioultural Utrir-ersitr': iv{yrnensingl-r liorn ()ctobcr. .i997 to (lctoher^ 1998. The beetle produced dani:rse sunproril
.l
lith the sigtt of scar> ald dned leeding areas ol banana ical. The greatirst damage las dorre to lirrlcd lealbc.arirs 69.8
scars rvhich l,as 1.3 altd 2.(l tin-res higherthen ticshh opel ancl iniiture ieal, respcctir.eir'. -i-ire lLrrled leerlbcjns. sLrirahle
:. feeding \\as l1tore susceptrble thatr other calecories of leaiand seerned 1o be the targel ol colonizatiorr cii leat and tl.ltt
hcetle irr tlre orchard. The grouth and dcrelopnteitl olbanana 1e3f 11,3s aff'ectetl bl'the dauage ttiJ,. ti"it.lipett;r;s. Ihere
rvas sigrtii'icant redtrctiott irt size ol intesled iiuled leaf . 'l'he diilererrce of 1eal'size in case olfi'eshlv cpen and matiirc leal
\\'ag itot so tlrrked.

Ke1,'1pr1,o7r' Banana leaf.,\o/o.r/otnaviriclipentrl.r. Lclfclarn\s,c l-V'

i nt roduction ard latter is ihe r.nost destruclile pcst of banana in

; rrinana (.lfu.raspp. ) is a leadilrg tropical fmit in the rvorld
':.,:.t u'ith highly otgairized and developcd indusln (Alon-v-
- -s ir"9) As food banana is elsill digestible and rich in
- -" -.:,lir drate and minerals (Bhan 1977). One hundrecl grarns
=r-rle pofiion ofbanana contaill 27.20% carbohr dratc.l ZoA
-
, -.r1r and 0 8'lb mjncrals (Gopalan et al I{)7'7 ). This grcattl'
: liLiit cornprises nearlr'"tr29r'o of the total ffti1t production
. ,. ;ou[in (Haque 1988) arrd its fiflancial returfl is r-er!
,',- ;d lrorri an area of 97935 acres" lur itg an acreage r,leld
.-:
-iolrS per acre in 1995-96 (Anonvmons 1997). Tiris is in
, ' .':1 io$. \ ield compared u itir that of other banana grow-
- -. -rlrrr1es like Argentina (3+ t/ha)- Costa fuca (33 tilia).
- - : - -r', t32 tiha). Serregal (32 t/ha) and Honduras (31) r/ha)
: ,-'n 1986) The vicld of banana is irffecicd b1. so uan1.
., ,- :nd field f'actors. banana leaf and fruit beetlc pest be-
- : -:-,lr rmongtlreur.
: :r..ri1t leaf and fi'uit beetle har.e trvo species rlamely
..,,i.t .\trbcosLtttufi Jacobl and :\,'. viritlipenni,t
' - ir:
I":q:tqryti i: !y4g_!9119!r{!l!1dia
- - : .'lrrespoldence.
E.mail. Shahara2lbdcnline.coirr
2(:l
Bangladestr (Alunccl 1963.1. This bectle aiso attacks on
banana in Chita and india (Hill IrSi). Differelt r aricties
of banata such ils Bihar. Alpan. Chaiiipa and iVlaibhog.
are serioush aflccted br thisbeetle iSen and Prasad 19531.
Serious dtrrna.-qe occlrrs in thc Amrita sagar varretr iu
Bangladesh br banana ieal and frrrit bectle (Ahad cr al
1987). Thc gnib oltitc beetie fccd on roors and the aduits
feed on the cpicieruus i.c. the grecl portioll on the vcutral
and dorsal surfilc.- of riic lear-es aird trakes irregular
patchcs. The leecling areas drl out. shoriine spot likc
strlicture knoln as scilrs and dLrc to this darntige piroto-
sllihcsis is recluccd aircl rrltirnatelr grouth and ricld is
alfected r Ahurcd l96l ) The beclle also attacks the fiuit
causir!, hcarr dauiagc, fniits become blemislied and tlieir
lularket raiue is redr,rced (Pllsad ald Singir 1987).
Resides thc abor.e rrorks. no furtiier information has been
lound on \-. r it'icli;:e;titis Inforrlation ol this insect pest is
thus scantv rn Btingledesh. Thcrcitre, thc presenl stud,rr rvas
undL'fiaker1 Lo knol the naturc and extent of damagc and sus-
ccptibilin of bauaua ieaf ltlrled leaf, frcslilv open lcaland
I'tlilturr' lc:ilt to \. t,t'i,lip,,tttri.r.
7
-r( 1 1. .\
Materials and l\{ethods
Erpcritnettts rvere couductcrl in tire banatra orclurr:t of the
Banglaclcsh Ap,rictritural Unilersit1'. Iv{ytttcnsingh froru
October I 997 to October" I 998. The erperitrlent * its folloued
in a randomizecl completeblock design replicating 3 limcs har'-
ing plot size of the orcitarcl 3 20 tnr 120ru x I 6m1 md ihe plants
ivere spaced 2tn s 2rn. ll'he planling s]'ste1ll t.as lteragoual
Tirus. there lr.erc t)0 plaitts in this orchard. The cornurcrciai
r,.ariet1.'' Amrila saga r'' l.as grol n i t l thc orchard fo r thc pre sent
s1ud1-. Sl-ord suckcrs of 2-3 kg in ri'eiglrt li ith -i-l lnorths of
age \,vere uscd :ts planting utaterials. The base olthe suckers
u'as cleaued. mostlY b-n- pruning lire o1d roots anci liept in
-fhus
siraile for 2 dins for dning up the uorind arcas tire
suckers becatnc readr-for planting in the orchard. Sciecied
sn'ord suckers *'ere planicd in prepared pits on 2-i"r October'
1997. Manure and fcrtilizcrs \1'cre applied according to 1lie
recomuretrled doscs and tnethods. Nccessan intercultural
operaliolls rtere done at proper tirne. Irrigatiol anrl insecti-
cides lr'ere not applicd during the studl period in tlie tranala
'
orcirarcl. Y/eekl--v a\-erage te mpe rature. rel a tir-e hum i difi and
rainfall it.ere recorded l'iorn the lrcathcr 1'ard locatecl about
lkrn alva]-from the esperiucntal orchard. 'Ihe u'eekl-\'1ltcA1l
tsmpcraturc ranged lrotn 15.2'C to 30 9'C- rclat.i-, c irurrfdilr.
6i 1rhta 9-1.-19/o and toial rainfalls ().0 uunto i21 8 rnnt.
Leaf darnagc done b1 \'. t'it"itlip<:rtri,s u'as clearlv seefi as
sciils on the loaves ofgroning banaua. To nteasure such darn-
age, three kiricls ofbanana leavcs iraurel). filrlecl. ireshi] opetl
and rnalrtre lcales n'ere chosen 1o determine thcir courpara-
tive susceptibilin. The sarnplitrg *as inade iu a cornpletc ran-
dornizecl clesign u'ith lhree kinds of lear es as treatluents. Three
banatra learrcs as replicates olcach kind rverc used fbr data
collection. Three banaua ieavcs ulthout the insecis rrerc in-
clucled as a control. Each rcplicatc leaf r'vas selectt:cl frorn an
individual platt in the orchard.
When the banana lcaf bcgat to enlerge and retnaited un-
open referred to furled ieaf tliicir r,''as caged witlt n1'lon ne1
supporting u'ith a banboo stick frce frorn anl pest lttack. In
lliis cagecl firrled leaf fir'e orchard col.lectecl bcetles of \-'
viridipentti.s, irrespeclive ol sex rl'ere rcleased to n-reasnre the
danrage donebt them. Freshl]'oper lerrlof I da1 s old and
rur:rture lcaf ol l6 davs old ll'ere also caged in the sirnilar rnatl-
rucr as rnentioned abovc and five orchard coliected bectles
rvere released per 1eaf. Therc l.as control for' furlcd" fi-cshll
open and lntlture leaf rr ithout t elease of insect.
Tiic obscn-atlon l'as taken dail-v ill tlie lnordng to lecord the
nurnber of scars arrd darnage s1'-nlptom- prodriccd b1' the
bcetles as a result offeeding on epiderruis of the lcaf. The size
i.e. iength lnci brcadttr of a1l the caged ieavcs rvas measured
dai11 at the tirne of takilig datlt. Data collection corrtiuLled lql
i S Zctltdrt. I { 'L,1httti, i1 S Rttri, '\ ! '4 '\arciLlt'
to 1he trofiitlill of tlie insects. Thc datl tlerc atiair-z-cd statis-
tica1l1 anri ncan cliffcrences ll'ere adjusred rvith Duncarr's
N{rlltipic fuiuge Tes1.
Results and Discussion
Result of thc experitrienl on the exlent of darnage dci.ermined
on the Lr:tsis cf iruntber of scars on 1he tlrree catcgories of
banaua leales nainell iirrled" freshl,v open alrd rtature leale'c
are gir-et iti Tatrie i. Tite scars lve-r'c firsl obsened otl the
luried lcal on Jrilr- I 8. l99ti anci the irighest tttcal nutnber of
scars \rils rccord.ed oit August 6' I998. Tlie ttrean nunlber of
scars \rere 3.2 pcr furlecl leeLf on the firsl clal atrd then in-
creased up to 7 davs old (fourth rreek ol Julr) leaf causirlg
3 i.5 scars per leaf The beetlcs fed less ontltc sattte lcaf nhicir
tencled 10 opcn aad tire accutltulatcd nnmbei of scar'c rvere
3(i 9-69.ti on tire 8 to 21 da) s old (fourth n eek of July to first
n'eek o[ Argusl) leal l'hen \'. viritlipentrl.s lias aliolr'ed to
lbed on the freshll opetr lcal- tlte accurlulated rnean scars
rangecl 6.7 to 2-[.2 frorn 9- 12 da1's old lea[, Thc feedin-e dalnage
of N. r'iri cliperurtls ulis iottttd less ontlic lrature iealof age 17
to l0 dar s old cotnparcd to lurled and ireshlv open lc'af' Scars
obsenedotrthc trature lcafranged fiorn 5.3 to 35.9 scarsper
leaf. 'Ihe bectie caused ntorc darnage to hriled leaf tlian treshli
opcn and lllalure leaf. It rvas possible that the beetis could
rcaclilv fecd oir the cpidermis of tht fur1cd treaf hai.irrg succu-
lcirr cotclitictt cotnpared to mature leaf' Tliese I'rirditrgs also
suppol't the results repofied bv Balra (1953) lllo obsen'ecl
thal ,\. r,lrfuliperr;rls t"'ould secrn to pre cr the eentral rolled up
leaf bctbrc in urfurlcii. Scn and Prasart i19-r3) rcported that
thc cetiiral lc;tr-es of banana plant formitrg tire top rvhorl at tlte
cro\\.n :ire rtorsell' aflicted than ihe other ieeYes Ahmed
(196-,r) also reportecl that olil-v lrottrg lceves arc altecked b!
this kind of bectle.
The loss of gronth in tlanana ieal as measi-tred bl thc leaf
rize ot bflnltti:t plarlt* inlcltcd br \ t it'rtlit'r'tttri.; r\as cotn-
pared with r:nirrl'estcd ledoll fi.u:led. freshi', open :rnd mliture
condition. Tire dala r-'rf daili'obsen atiort are givcn in'I;lble 2.
On the furled lear-cs. thc initial lneair letgth oitt'o days rrld
inf'esied lea f r.r,as 1 1 .7 cm alcl bre adth 3 i crn r.,'hich ri'as iess
.
tharrthat ofurdnfestedleaf i'l.l and-l i (length andbreadth-
rcspectivel-r'). After first lreck. tlte size olt) dar-s old infcsted
leaf .,r,as 6l .7 cnr in lengLh rnd i Ltl cll in breedth arrd the size
ol'satre age unir:ibsted leaf ir a-s tili T ctn icrtgh and 32 0 cln in
brcadtir. The size o1'botli infe stecl antl nrrinfested leaf corttin-
uc-d to iucreltse until tLier br-ci,]1re illliAirc. Fiiralll ilre srzc of 22
rlavs old infcsted leaf as 81 7 cul in lerrgtli and -l-1.7 cit in
brcaclih anil tltat of ilnluicsted le af r-' as 91.'7 cln in length and
36.7 cnr ir breaclth. \{eart leaf size tneasrtred alter 9 ditl's old
irrfesrccl 'cshlr opcn lealu as 69 3 cin rn length and 12.0 cm in
 Ssnana Leaf Damage by Leaf and Fruit Beetle

:\ Table 1
Danlage dole br,1vi virid)pennis (-i bcctlcs) on tl-IreL] categories
of-tranana leaves. FigLlres represunt fiean
nurnb.r clf scars recorded dailr
urnplingdate
Mcan scars (acculiulatecl nuinber)
Flrrled leaI Freshlv open leaf Maturc leai
Leafagc Mean scars Lcafage Mear scars Leaf age
(ciar s; -\.1ean scars
0to.) (cla1 s) (no.) (da,vs) (ilo.)
182 -1.1 9 6. 17
lqj 7.5 l0 12.t)
t-

l8 l{).1
20 _1
135 tl i8.7 l9 t-1 i
2l -i 19.7 12 1t') 20 i8.1
1f ()
Ll 25.7 l-l 29.2 21 2 1.5
1.1 I ,1 1.5 1l -).r 22 24.5
21 8 .io.y l-i 3i7
/

23 2-t.2
)i t-,
+i.9 1a
ll. l
16 t0 16.3 t7 4+.6
2.+ 29.6

27 Il _ltl .i l8 +i..+
25
'26
-111
28 t2 -53.9 I9 +9.9 2l
33J
l-1.8
1L) tl 5i.3 20 52.ri
30 il 6{).i 2I )3.5
2E
29
35.8
35.9
-ri l-1 (IJ.,', Z2
_
-.tst ri6 6+.9 23
5.+.9
55.i
3(l 1.i.9
217 6rr.6
j18 67.1)
21
25
-55.7

+19 68.9
-i5.7

520 69.-t
621 69.8
122 69.8

Table 2
Size of infbsted and uninll:{4 firrled leai frcshli open lcaf anC maiurc leaf of ban31a
Irrfcsi"-d leal' Freshly open leaf llaliue i.ra1'
Iirieslcr.i lerf leaf Leai
LTninlested Fur'led leaf Uninfested leaf leaf Uninfested leaf
InGsted
age Length Breadth Length Brcrtlth aS.- Length Breadth
(cm)
Length Breadth age lrngth Breadth Le.ngth Breadth
(days) (em) (.1!) (cnr) {da.,.s; (cm) (crn) (un) (cm) (days) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm)
:2 11.7 J.J 1:1.3 4.1 I 69.3 32.A 69.7 323 17 87.7 33.7 88.0
:- 34.0
-1 19.7 4.4 2:1.() 49 10 t1.3 JZ. I 18 88.0 34.3 88.7 34.3
-l
j
28.7 6.1 -13.:i 6.5 11 76.7 33.0 78.3 33.3 19 88.7 343 89.0 34.3
-r JO..i 7.9 1t7 8,7 12 79.7 33.3 81.3 33.7 20 89.0 34.3 89.1 35.0
-- 6 43.7 10.7 ,19 () 12.4 13 81 .7 33.7 83.0 33.7 21 89.7 34.7 89.7
_: 7 50.7 14.6 s6.1 83.3 34.0 86.0 3.1.0
35.3
35 3
16.4
--8 567 10n
11
84.3 34.0
)') ao ? 90.3 35.3
_r
63.0 24.9 15 87.7 34.7 23 90.0 35.3 9A 7 35 3
9 61.7 31 .0 (r8.7 . 85.0 34.3 E8.7 34.7
32.0 16 )t on7 35.3 90.7 36.0
-
_-
li.) 66.7 31.7 7.1 0 17 85.-r 34.7 89.0 35.0 ,i 0n7 35.i 90j 36.3
11 74.1 32.0 i83 J-1.-1 18 86.0 35.0 89.7 35.0 26 90.7 35 3 91.7 36.3
IJ.J Ji:-) 82.t) JJ, / 19 86.0 35.0 90.0 35.7 )'l or 7 36.3 91.7 36.3
:
ll 76.7 11. l 5r+ / 33.',7 20 86.7 35.0 90.3 36.0 28 97.7 36.3 92.0 31.0
.
lri 78.7 -l-),-f 870 34.3 )l 87.A 35.3 94J 36.0 29 91.7 36.7 92.3 37.O
15 79.7 J-1_-1 887 35.0 22 87.0 36.0 91.0 36.0 30 91.7 36.1 92.3 37.0
: t7
80.7 JJ..1 89.7 35.3 1.1 87j 36.0 91.0 36.7
. t.!
80.7 iJ. / 90..1 35.7 24 88.0 36.0 91.3 37 .A
81.7 J4.J C)Fr l
-1 0. t, :) 88.0 36 A 91.3 3'7.0
- 1') 81.7 J+.-1 9 1..1 36.3
: lil 82.0 34.3 OI ?
JO.-1
t1 82.7 34.7 91"7 30. /
-t: 82.? b J4. ,i D 91 .i a 36.7 a
:liqt1lanrlbreadthrcspectivc1-voiirrlcstedanduilirrtestedfu,1"di
261 .tl',') - r',. : ',' i :,1:t.ici. \!\'i.<ari.-\,! i,\artlar

breadth arrd l.hile it u'as 69.7 cm in length aud 3i.i crn in
breadth for tlie unfufested leal rneasrired altcr tltc' salne time
perioct. AJler firsl ueek. the sizc of 16 da1,s old infested lea{'
was 85.0 crn in length and 3:1.3 crn inbreadth and the sizc ol
sune age uninfested leafr'vas 88.7 cm in iengi.h aird 3-1.7 cn in
breaclth. Finallr'. the ieef sizc rccorded 2-5 da1's old infestcd
leaiuas 88 0 cnr ir letgth and 36.0 cm inbrc;rdth and tiiat of
uninfested leaf u,as 9l.3 cm in lenglh and 37.0 crr. inbreadtlr.
On the rratlue lear.es, the first dai;r ol' leal si ze of I 7 d:rls cld
infested leaflvas 87.7 crn in lenglh and 33.7 ctr inbreadth and
that of uninfested leaf rvas 88.0 crn in length and 3-3 7 crn in
breadth (Table 2). The fiual data of mature leal size of 30 clavs
old inl'cstcd ieirf r.ras 91.7 cm in lcngth and 36.7 cm in breadth
and lcaf sizc ol 30 dars old rininfcstcd leaf u,as 92.3 ctn in
length and 37.0 crn in breadth.
T'he irrt-estation of ,\,. viridipennis did not hare significant
cffcct on thc size (lcngth ald breadth) of infested and
runinfestcd firrled banrna lcal at all ages except 22 davs old
furled ieaI. 'Ihe ilnal 122 days old) length off,rled leal differed
significantll ir infested and tudnfcsted condition and the dif-
ference ofbreadth l\':ts alsc significant (Table 2). Thcre u-ere
no significant differences in length and brcadth of both freslfrr
ard \irs A Biinu Srrclrrr. E-lii-5 BALI Campus"
\ir rrrensirtg.lt. p lti.r
Alrmcd A I963 i\'otes ctrt tlte f3irilogl'o.f Ranctna Lecf ant{
Fruit lleetle. \toclo,,;lorna viridiperrfil.s ivlost. A
rcr,ielv ol rc:search, Dirrisiou of Eutomologr'. Pub-
Iished br Agr.icultural Inforuration Scn'ice. Dhaka-3.
pp i87-190.
Aronlrnous 1979 Banatta cultir-atior, in Indiit. Indian insti-
tufc ol Horticultu re Rescarclt" llan.qct I or t: i'.xten.s i ot'i
l3ullerin.21E-12.
Anoirr,rrrc.rrs 199-/ Str:ri.tti ca! l-eariIo,tk o.f BungI cde sh.
Baugladesh Burceu of Statistics. Slatistics Dilision.
Miustn' of Planning. Ccrerninent of the Peoples
Repubiic of Ralgladesh. p l5().
Batra H N 1952 Occrirrcuce of three banarra pests of
I)elht . Indiat t ,I I:nI 21ll) 6O.
Bhan I( C 1917 Banana" A lruil olmasses. ltidictn t{orticul-
rure ll(,.1) Lt,.
Gopalan C. iv{aurasa-lui R \i Balasubi'artalian S C. 1911
-\,utrifive I'alua of'Indirw l';rtit.g. t.\lil-ional Irrstitute of
Nutrition. H3'deraltad. India p 58.
Flaque lvl A t98tJ Kctlar l]agctt Banana Rcscarch Project. a

open and maturc infesi.ed ald uninfcsted lear-es at all carre- Bangladcsh Agricuilr-rral Univcrsil]. NI1.r nensrngh p 1 .
I

sponding ages (Table 2 ). Again tlie infcstation of ,\' Haque N{ A techuological aspects ftrr the cotruucr-
19t83 Some
cial production of Lrariaua A papcr submitted it the
I

tiriclipennis resuited grcatlv in the reduction oftire size ofthe I

luried leaf in comirarisou u,it.h the freshlr, open iincl rnature svmposiuni" Dcc. 1983 in BARC. Dhaka. I

in agreement il,itir the findings of Prasad

1eaf. Such results n'ere Hill D S ltt.tect l'csr.s of the lropic: anc!
1983 -7gric:ultm"ol I
I

and Singh (1987) n,ho reported that onlr-r-oung leaves are Thcir Contrr,Ll. 2"d edn. Cambridge Llnir-ersit,v Press.
attacked b1' tire beetle. Thel- aiso obsen-ed that ir,hen i.hc l-ondon. pip -l tti-573.
-voung lux'es har,e unfurleil into a sort of hrnrrel or arc still Prasad R" Singh O I 1987 Insccts pcsts of tranara and
compactly rollcd and older lear.'e s at fuilv uufurlcd cotrdition their incidence in N4:itipur. lntlic.Ln J ll ill Irarut l(l)
are not fourrd to be attackcd. 7 1-73.
Sarnson J A 1986 Tropic'ol Fruir.c. Longtnan Group Ltcl.,
References Lorrdol 2nded. p. i-i.5.
Ahad lv{ A, Ro3, ivl- Sardar M A i987 K}'ishi Keet }};pgan. Sen A C. Prastd D t953 Pests ofbzurana in Bihar. lndi on J Ent
Published b1' N'frs. Sarbann Khaleque" Mrihlnjor Rov 2s(i) 210-2.+1.