New Directions in Client-Centered Therapy Edited by J.T. Hart and. T.M. Tomlinson HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY - BOSTON New York Atlanta Geneva, ll Dallas Palo Alto(Chapter 2 on “Recent tends in the clentcentered framework.” He also ‘emphasizes advances in the practice ofthe therapy bu, unlike Hat organizes fin precnation around reearch ndings ener than examples. He focuses frdclary the fcen slen-centered thinking about process that nfl ‘orig thetapeate change and om conditions te therapist mist exeat 10 pro~ mone tem. “Thee process and conditions are thought to he neces fF UMcive therapy with any cent, whether tent, solder, howewil, of hom ‘lied schaopenis ta van der Vee’ chapter the special dias of reting the necessary condtns for therapy with bospalied shizophrenies tre emplasind the emphasis is ill Nstorcally interesting becaute older fersons of clent-entered thecapy were thought to be Inappliable © haw pital pation, ‘Cher 3 contines and exp the emphasis on research fangs beg ty van det Veen; Shien and Zing exaine the ul ope of cet centered ‘carck No doubt we shoud avoid missing the forest forthe ses when eso tar dings are surveyed, but me sed a few pathways 50 that Srecam ge in and ont ofthe fort ests and Yin aap ofthe joey. {In ht catty orgaied chapter, the nahorsaoich many tees and eave any pats, o hat th reader who carefllyflloms thei survey wl be well rope to understand the conten ofthe more recent earch Migs pre> ‘ented in ater stone of thi book ‘Shin and Zmving’s grouping of cln-cetred developments in research and theory int fou tages correspon ote thee periods deus by Hast if tages It and TV ar clap into one pid, Period I, which Hart als the "Pei of Enpreatal Therapy.” The cones ofthe remaining paris bf his Book se eyportions of recent developments in experiential therapy. We belo that these fteducory chapters_demonsate thi clint Inca and intereing pst. While doing so they ‘velop an hiner fame ita wich the ja of das cused in ie ‘Soding parts ofthe Book can be ited. As for clea-centeed therapy’ foe {re blicye ichas ome. Wha hat ft x ely obi foreold in Part ‘Sn kn Part One the autre eoviow contra! Meas, general trends, and overall perspectives inthe sige of journalistic Hoy. In Part Sx they also take 8 Fine view to gan perpesive rather than a cise view wo srunize dls: thetchapers Part So might be coniered histories inthe fue tense I woul not be bud avis: to recommend that New directions in client ‘entered therapy be ren! ss sone people red novels — begin atthe bego- ‘ing jmp to the ending, ease lta fhe deta of the mile, and then read theeoing agai, The Development of ClientCentered Therapy* JOSEPH HART Cctizetcenered therapy hit changed strikingly inthe tat thee decades rhe ching ate important, sce they express ew inights gained hough hula bows of therapy and exeareh. Unfornacly, many of thee ‘Sanger re compraively unkown; the clen-cetered crietaon of he {ous widely Known bu the developed erentaton ofthe lt 196i not The profesional therapist ho knows onl early version of lant-conired therapy har nen te sade ut ot the pumpkins. Iki understandable, of Se since much is ppenig in the worl, even inthe small world of frychaerapy, hat mefequely and convensaly assume that therapis We RSTn mae rccomly remain the seme. Crowded profesional ves are thorcby eed, but stereotypes subsite for information and pempkin seeds st mutate or pumpkins. Ths uaa step ofthe cla-centred therapist i one who ss a= ocuousand ated ohh. Sach serooype bas never bee Scrat, oritScrcomey. in dot way, one of the msn fentures of the carly (entcencred appeonch, nonditectvencs. As a carcature of modem lien entered therapy, owever it mists the mark. By bow much and for what easom itil be he task of thichaper to demonstrate "Touay the eld of prychothcapy ima sate of bly i 20 bape electsem, Few therapsts blew fat angle tecique or single theory En encompass the coe ange of problems and applications they mur hc dv tom x ger at pa ne Win Pi4 tnrotction meet, Nonetses, despite thi nlerant elec, thee tendency on the part of most professions oatend ony to the newest abd faslest develop: nents inthe el. We develop joule sesivty to proclamations of ‘evolson and a coresponding insensitivity to reformulatons of familar cus and techniques Although the conceptual and technical changes fe- ‘owed in this chapter do not provide the revelaton oe reakhrouh in ps}- Choterapy that orale, pains, aad peoseyizes demand; they do ‘SA now ingredients and now blending to the ele pot. These changes ‘may conrbutet the evel development ofa general tory of therapeutic ‘hinge. Consent with thie im, i sould be stssd Ut It sn the p= ose of this ehpter (oor of th book) to persuade Freon, Joglns, [Ralesas,Skinserin, o devotes of etor persuasions 1 Become Rogen, (here only one Rogein, an vometines I am not o sare about him.) ‘An Overview of Change Understanding of the Kas and techniques of ein-entred therapy ll be sed ie hy year spun of development, fom 1940 to 1970, is divided into te periods the period of nomdirectve therapy, 1940-1980; the period ‘selective therapy, 1950-1957; and the pari of experiential hetapy 1957- 1970, "These perio are displayed in Table 1.1 artes nh erloren f GhonCereet Pychoerey feos ‘Gewion of « peminie, Graal achievement of ape. Ss Snes wnat Sigh intone elf rd Soni, per arepance and 0190 te Poor ‘efecion oon Development fener =o oiing ts hoe ofsltcocep snd A apy acon the pheamenlogil woes a Peo Wide ngeofechavion Growth indie proces poke {wee buss cou of er and PiSmahyy ——_Foeuron ects ‘springy meee ‘perenne Exprevion —ienrsingto we diet . spree “The Developmen of Clent-Centered Therapy “Tie able and this chapter are organized around the evolving ame cored by the let centered orientation to the general questions (1) What behavior: and minds ofthe therapist fala the cent’ arom? (2) Won asc personality changes occur in the clint during sescefl pochoterapy? ‘As these questions inte, the fous of this chapter is onthe therapy pce onsen that develope in chent-centeed therapy. How can theta rote peronsity change be elected and whor changes occur?” Questions hot why persaalty can hangs, involving more abstract concep sich a5 Rogen’ en (19570) ofa innate actaling tendency, are not considered Inde her, ‘This legitimate reacts; many heaps interested i the chentcsieredlentton are asure about the Reprian assumptions ‘oncering the Basi nate of man —they ate spl intrested in anything tie works. Undenahy, thie! arampons ae sfnifiant sine they ine nce what one res ote wook, bu they wil be considered in Pats Five snd ‘ch peo wil be inks to 2 mae book by the founder of noite psycotirapy, Ca) Rogers When aondveste therapy beame widely own inthe 1940's, Rogers traced many stdens and colagues. TAS ncn! tha the number ofcontibtos to he theory and practice of the tet- tp ineeased. Nevertheless, it feasomble to represent cach Hsia ecb by one of Rogers books because he is cerainly the Best known lator othe clentcentered postion Ting Table 11 asa gue, we can now conser the Meas and pasties that emerged in eich period. The presentation of experiential therapy will hemor dete than thn of he noniectve and elective pio. T amb Ino concerned with presenting modern eleaecentered therapy, not the er therapies for which plenty of sources are already aval 10 the rear recive Psychotherapy ‘a described in Roger book Cowie and pychotherepy (1942), nom iste therapy placed central importance onthe client's gradual achieve neat Of lasight into helt ad is stuation. The therapist tempted 1 factiae ths sigh by cresting 4 permisive, sonautbortaran sting in tri the lent was re to proceed at his own pac and in his own detos. DByhis acceping and wonitcrventie manner fhe therapist ed to fee the ‘et ton the nce of Binding and Winding defensiveness. The thes ex at i for Roger eet a deve fet ens ery.