BLOcK-L 4(@) A computer Program consists of instructions and clvk. on which Ans - the instruction operates . How ane the instructions of @ Progran executed bY a computer ? where are the instructions ane okra Stoned during caecution ? whad is the rele played by input/eceleat devices ? A compile pregran Is & series of insiuctions, Sioned in memory that Peryorrs a specitic jask when executed hy a compuser Te execution of program dccwues in the cpu Cceninal Precessing unit’) . H has two maison Pacis? Te Conimol unit and -the arithmetic exe logic unit CALU). The ALU is a burch of cincuits ad can penton arithmetic operations Csuch as adbliny) and tozical operations such as piwise AND). he conkeol einit is also a bunch of cincei?s which can senols signals 40 all the othet Paris Of the competere 0 tell i whad 70 ao - The epu coniains a registert Called the Progam counter eshic) always contains the address of the nexi insinuction 46 be execuled: The processore does the’ following : (1) Hass the memory 40 Melnieve the value at the. Address in the preyan counter - (Q) hen ty increments the Proyan counlet so it is ready 40 Poin! a) the nexd/ instuction « (3) then iy executles the insiruction (4) “Tien 17 Goes back 10 step L* Te instructions and deda ane slored jn te menory durin, execution . Tey ane stored in the -fonr of binary digs he memory is broadby calesorised in 10 Iwo types : (L) Primary or main memorcy Calso called! Sericonductort Memory (8) Secondarey or auxiliarcy memory Cragpetic memory / OPtical memorcy ) examples of memory are as ANous | (1) Semiconductor memory’ RAM, ROM ep (2) magnetic memory : Hard!-disxs EloppY disk. ang! Magnetic tapes (3) optical memory ’ CD-ROM, DvD ele . Jnpud and ouspus devices of a computer Susie’ ake the atovitias chad help us condec! 40 the conputerc . Tnpi devices help us 40 4ranster dasa and! Usere command ip 1p the computer. System» on the there banc!» oe) ped devices oisPlay the result of input dada or Sijpats ater Proce. SING We Be: CU) Inpul devices : keyboard » mouse. saystiok , microphone . (2) oujpul devices: monitor, printer . Ploilen, speaxert . b- — compuler sysdens always have small RAM, Yel i mostly has a. lange Seasndony memory lixe hare disk ? why ? The access dime o4 @ hare disk is mach than Ran, even than RAM 18 Smatler. in size than hard dlisk. Fusirdy. Ars- RAM Crandom access memory) Ram Crandom access memorey is the Place ina cor MPUIINT clevice where athe comptler’s OPerating System (as), application Pragrams and data in curren! use are xep/ So #ey can be WuIcKY Reached by the device's (processor). Ram ig much Yostere 40 read +ram ce! write 40 than dther Kinds of Slonare in @ comple. s such as a hard disk drive C99), Solid: stale ditive Css9) on oPical chive .Dada remains in RAM as tong as the computer is running. Wher the compudert iS darned off. RAM loses id data. When the compiler Is qurened on ein, the os and other files ane once EIN loaded into RAM, Usually From an HDD OR SSQ- RAM comes in the “form of discnele on Separale mierrochips, and in modules -thad Puy in 40 slots in the compuser’s Motherboard , “These lois connect through a bus on sel of elecirical Paths 4 the Précessor . The 199, on the Othen hand» Stores caja ona magnetized Surctace thal looks like a PhoneMaPh Record, eshi/e is RAM » are 101 depenkn} One won't lose data once ‘the Power is wunned off « mosi modules 40 a ce, OT Storaze memory access time is in mittiseconok . RAM accessed hundreds of times fasier than a hard drive, ohich is why Active Pragrons ame loaded into RAM. gince only Smay amounis oy data “from hand disk does need 40 be (cade! N40 the System memory Qt one time » Computers *Yeically have much mone hard dh Space than memory. For exar 'S mPIe» A 201Q Compete may CARE ch 2 278 hand drives and only jean of RAM conver{ the Holloceing numbers as aay G) Decimal 19.0625 inte binarey and hexadecimal Ans- (119.0625) 19 = (OMIOI) 9 (119-0695) jg = GD ig can be c- Gi) Becimal 25600 into binary and hexadecimal fes- (25600),9 > (0416010000000000 ) (25600) 19 - (6400) j¢