Building a working replacement for internal battery and a transcutaneous energy

the cardiac muscle as a permanent solution for transfer coil complete the inner parts of the
end-stage heart failure has been a highly system.
sought for goal in the field of medicine since it
Unlike the SynCardia TAH it lacks a
was first hypothesized by Julien Jean Cesar
transdermal driveline. Energy transmission
LeGallois in 1812[1]. Since then, numerous
occurs by induction between paired internal
medical trials and prototypes have been
and external coils—maintaining the normal
designed and carried out to create a
skin barrier reduces the risk of infection[2].
completely mechanical biventricular aid
system that compensates the lack of a healthy Since its approval for voluntary use in 2006, it
natural heart. has only been implanted once at Robert Wood
Johnson University Hospital in 2009[2].
As of the time of this writing, there is
only one commercially available, bridge-to-  CARMAT TAH
transplant total artificial heart—a later
Created with the aim of replicating the shape
iteration of the previously mentioned Jarvik-7.
of a natural heart, each of its ventricles,
This specific prothesis and other noteworthy
compartments, and two hydraulic pumps have
models are listed and briefly described below:
a volume of 750 ml in total. The implantable
 SynCardia TAH hardware includes an electrohydraulic drive
embedded to the prosthetic, which still relies
The current version of the Jarvik-7. With over
on an outer power source but does not require
1700 completed transplants around the
a pneumatic actuator[2].
world[2], it is the most commonly employed
TAH in clinical interventions following heart Its valves are composed of biological material
failure. Weighing 160 grams and occupying a (namely fabrics treated with bovine
volume of 400 ml[2], its small size pericardium). This novel approach reduces
accommodates both adults and teenagers in the risk of thrombosis, but the durability of the
need of vascular support. materials is ultimately compromised[2]. It
large size compared to the smaller SynCardia
The implant itself is comprised by two
TAH is also an obstacle. Pivotal trials are still
ventricles made from biocompatible plastic,
ongoing to determine the feasibility of the
linked through the skin by a driveline to an
model on patients suffering from cardiac
external pump [2]. An advantage particular to
failure but ineligible for heart transplant[2].
the SynCardia TAH is its Freedom Driver
control system, a portable external console
with a 2 hour battery life that allows the
patient to move around [2], instead of being
constantly bedbound.
The SynCardia TAH, however, is solely used to References
increase the life expectancy of patients that  [1] Hogness J, VanAntwerp M. The
are awaiting a heart donor and is not a artificial heart. 1st ed. Washington,
destination therapy alternative. D.C.: National Academy Press; 1991.
 Abiocor TAH  [2]
https://syncardia.com/clinicians/our
It is larger in size compared to the SynCardia
-products/see-all-our-products/
TAH, fitting only 50% of adult males and 18%
 [2]
of adult females[2]. Its specific dimensions are
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/a
1090 grams corresponding to the pump
rticles/PMC3853833/
module which also has a volume of 800 ml[2].
Other implantable contents, such as an
 [2]
https://www.jbiomech.com/article/S
0021-9290(12)00684-7/abstract
 [2]
https://www.scopus.com/record/dis
play.uri?eid=2-s2.0-
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https://www.jhltonline.org/article/S
1053-2498(03)00364-
4/abstract?code=healun-site
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https://www.sciencedirect.com/scien
ce/article/pii/S1521689612000304
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https://link.springer.com/chapter/10
.1007/978-1-4614-6255-2_2
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https://academic.oup.com/ejcts/artic
le/46/6/933/2755263
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https://academic.oup.com/ejcts/artic
le/41/6/e166/421869
 [2] https://labiotech.eu/artificial-
heart-failure-carmat/