Answer Sheet

Name: Carolina Winklaar

Date: 19 October 2018
Teacher: Jack van Hoek
Practical: EP1P.1
Report Pitot tube
About the pump:
There is two pump arrangements with six pitot tubes, one as a reference and five measuring
points. They are carried out with an orifice plate in the tube speed measurements. The Pitot tube
measures the dynamic pressure of a piped flow. The first thing that needs to be done to set up the
process is to check that the measurements of the practical arrangement is connected to the mains.
Then the pump has to be turned on. Then the pump has to be in position meaning to switch the
switch on the pump to let flow in.
Assignment pump:
Determine the bandwidth of the measurement by the minimum and maximum flow rate. Then
turn on the readings of the digital display with five different flow rates (by rotating at each
position of the control valve). Compare the observed flow rates of the static and Pitot tube and
the orifice plate.
Experiment setup and process:
1. Turn on the pump system and let the flow stabilize for 5-10 min.
2. When the pump system is stable, take measurements from the flange (digital display) for
the pressure and the velocity.
3. Set for the first condition, RPM & flow to maximum.
4. Start taking measurements from the display.
5. After taking the first measurement wait 1-2 min.
6. Set for the second condition, RPM to maximum and flow to low.
7. Wait again 1-2 min, and then take measurement 2.
8. Set for the third condition, RPM & flow to low.
9. Wait for 1-2 min, and take measurement 3.
10. Set for the fourth condition, RPM to low and flow to maximum.
11. Wait for 1-2 min, and take measurement 4.
12. Set for the fifth condition, RPM & flow to medium.
13. Wait again for 1-2 min, and take measurement 5.
14. After taking all measurement, the pump system can be turned off.

1. Add the printed ‘calculation sheet’ together at the answer sheet.

EP1P1 Measurement and Calculation Sheet

Name: Class: Date:

Carolina Winklaar EW1A2 12 October 2018

0. general System Information

spec gravity ρ 1000 kg/m3

Pitot tube

Ø tube 42.6 mm
Measurement Station

α metering station 0.8 -

surface metering station 0.00088 m2

1. Pitot tube Pressure difference

Measurement 1 2 3 4 5
dynamic pressure P1 12100.0 4850.0 7700.0 4900.0 5640.0 N/m2
dynamic pressure P2 12450.0 4840.0 7600.0 4910.0 5670.0 N/m2
dynamic pressure P3 12400.0 4860.0 7650.0 4920.0 5690.0 N/m2
dynamic pressure P4 12700.0 4870.0 7680.0 4930.0 5740.0 N/m2
dynamic pressure P5 12950.0 4870.0 7750.0 4930.0 5750.0 N/m2

Calculations Pitot tube

Velocity V1 4.92 3.11 3.92 3.13 3.36 m/s
Velocity V2 4.99 3.11 3.90 3.13 3.37 m/s
Velocity V3 4.98 3.12 3.91 3.14 3.37 m/s
Velocity V4 5.04 3.12 3.92 3.14 3.39 m/s
Velocity V5 5.09 3.12 3.94 3.14 3.39 m/s

Average Velocity 5.00 3.12 3.92 3.14 3.38 m/s

Volume Flow 0.00713 0.00444 0.00558 0.00447 0.00481 m3/s

2. Measurement Metering Station

Measurement 1 2 3 4 5
ΔP 20000 600 6300 600 1600 N/m2

Calculations Metering Station

 Volume Flow 0.00445 0.00077 0.00250 0.00077 0.00126 m3/s

3. Difference
60 476 123 479 282 %

2. Write the hand calculations for one flow out (note the number dialed above calculation)
ꝋ v = √ (2 ∆p)/ (ρ)x Atube ∆P = ½ ρv2
Tube Diameter: 42.6 mm= 0.0426 m
Atube= π x r^2
Atube= π x (0.0426 x ½ )^2 = 0.001425 m2
ρ = 1000 kg/m3 V= 5 m/s
∆P= ½ x 1000 x (5)^2 = 12500 Pa
ꝋ v= √(2 x 12500)/ (1000) x 0.001425= 0.00713 m3/s
ꝋ v = α A √ (2 ∆Pm)/ (ρ)
α= 0.8 A= 0.00088 ∆Pm= 20000 ρ = 1000 kg/m3
ꝋ v= 0.8 x 0.00088 x √(2 x 20000)/ (1000) = 0.8 x 0.00088 x √(40000)/ (1000)
= 0.8 x 0.00088 x √40 = 0.00445 m3/s
This is the hand calculation for proving that the formulas are correct compare to the practical
that has been done. The tube diameter was given and is 0.0426 m, using the tube diameter it
was able to calculate the area of the tube using the formula that is bold stated above. Once
you have the area the volume flow formula can be used to calculate the volume flow. Before
you can use the volume flow formula the delta P needs to be calculated. Using the formula
for calculating delta P, the volume flow can be calculated. This was then the volume flow in
the pitot tube. Now there is left to calculate the volume flow of the orifice plate, which will
show the final volume flow of the metering station. The calculation is correct because it has
the same answer as the calculation sheet.
3. Analysis and final conclusions
As a final conclusion you can conclude that the measured results that were found as follows:
The measurements that was done shows that the volume flow differs from the pitot tube and the
orifice plate. The reason that it differs is because the meter flange gives a different value then the
pitot tube and the meter flange is the one that is more accurate. The theory then differs a bit from
the practical. This is because the pitot tube uses an electronic pressure sensor with a digital
display and the orifice plate uses a differential pressure gauge plane. Both rely upon Bernoulli’s
equation, but use different terms. It is because the pressure is supposed to be the same in point A
and the same in point B. The Bernoulli equation actually is used when there is a difference in
pressure. There is at first in the pitot tube when the pressure is being measured 5 times in
different RPM & flow that the pressure is almost the same. After taking five measurements in
five different conditions that is mentioned above in the steps measurements were taken. The
dynamic pressure for the first was the highest and the dynamic pressure for the second and forth
were the lowest, therefore I can conclude that for a low flow there is a low dynamic pressure so
the dynamic pressure depends on the velocity of the tube. For a higher dynamic pressure there is
a higher volume flow, the volume flow then depends on the dynamic pressure. The difference
between the pressures can be caused by the air in the tube and the curves in the tube. The air
present in the tube can cause that the velocity is slower/ preventing that the flow could go faster,
therefore the difference in the pitot tube and the flange meter is lower. Difference between
pressures can also be caused by curves inside the tube, the tubes that are set in the system have
bends of 90 degrees that can have an influence on the velocity causing the velocity at those
points to have an obstacle in the way that slows its trajectory.