Comsats Univeristy Islamabad Lahore Campus: Final Project For Course, Report Writing Skills

COMSATS UNIVERISTY ISLAMABAD
LAHORE CAMPUS
Final Project for course, Report Writing Skills
Title of the Report: CHILD MALTREATMENT AND ABUSE
SUBMISSION DATE: 16 MAY, 2019 THURSDAY
SUBMITTED FOR: PROF. SABA AMEER
SUBMITTED BY: HIFZA IDREES
STUDENT ID: CIIT/SP19-BAF-021/LHR
COURSE TITLE: HUM10

COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Hifza Idrees CIIT/SP19-BAF-021/LHR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2. INTRODUCTION
2.1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
2.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
2.3. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
2.4. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
2.5. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
3. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
4. METHODS OF THE STUDY
4.1. DATA COLLECTION
4.2. DATA ANALYSIS
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
6. CONCLUSION
6.1. RECOMMENDATIONS
7. REFERNCES
Page | 1
1. Executive Summary:
The child abuse and maltreatment has been an evil rooted in the society since
decades which has mentally and physically disabled millions of children worldwide. The abuse is
of different types and the children across the globe have been a victim of all of them. The
parental negligence also caused the destruction of the children. The rate of physical abuse,
emotional abuse, and mental abuse has thoroughly increased in the past couple of years despite
the fact that many Non- Government Organization are actively working on this heinous crime.
The rate of child abuse is comparatively higher in Pakistan than in the USA. The tribal areas of
Pakistan has highest rate of child marriages in Pakistan causing destruction of lives of children.
Page | 2
2. Introduction of the Study:
The child maltreatment and abuse has been a disease not only in
Pakistan but across the globe. The World Health Organization abbreviated as (WHO) has been active since
past couple of years to decrease the ratio.
2.1. Background of the Study:
According to VetoViolence, the child abuse can be defined as, “Any act,
intentional or unintentional, the results in harm or threat of harm is Child Abuse.” Child Abuse is
not necessarily done by parents, it can also be acted by teachers, custodians, relatives or any human being
abusing the child.
There are a couple of types of Child Abuses which are listed below:
 Sexual Abuse
 Mental Abuse
 Physical Abuse
 Emotional Abuse
 Child Marriage
 Child Negligence
The figure below shows an aggregate of girls and boys abused around the world.
Page | 3
15
10
Girls
Number of Children Abused Boys of Children
Number
2.2. Statement of the Problem:
The purpose of this report is to provide information about the child
maltreatment and compare the ratios of child maltreatment between Pakistan and across the
globe. This study will provide some recommendations to report child abuse and to deflate the
increasing ratio. Also, this study will create awareness about the child abuse and will provide
factual information that how children who were abused lived their lives.
2.3. Significance of the Study:
This study will create an overview to help better understand the
seriousness of this heinous crime of Child Maltreatment and Abuse. The facts will explain the
inflation in the past years and will create a relationship between current scenarios.
Page | 4
2.4. Scope of the Study:
The scope of this study is that this study provides statistical evidence
regarding the study on Child Maltreatment across the globe in comparison with Pakistan. The
study includes statistical facts till year 2018. The statistical facts and figures and other related
information is provided in this study.
2.5. Limitations of the Study:
The main of this study was to assess the factors that are involved in child
abuse and ratio of child abuse around the world. But some shortcomings occurred while creating
and developing this study.
 The data was collected from some countries and not all.
 The data is provided with a lower sample.
Although the limitations existed but these will provide a guideline for better understanding the
study.
3. Review of Related Literature:
How this heinous crime destroys lives of children? This is the question
which hits in minds of people who have not experienced child abuse.
Page | 5
Susanne Babbel MFT. PhD Somatic Psychology at http://www.psychologytoday.com states
Child Abuse as “act of commission” According to American Humane Associations {AHA},
1,460 children died in 2005 as a result of abuse, neglect and maltreatment. And Department of
Health and Human Services Statistics, USA stated that in 2006, approximately 905,000 children
were maltreated in the US alone.
AHA defines physical child abuse as “non-accidental trauma” and AHA stated that this is caused
by “punching, kicking, beating, biting, pinching and burning children.”
Babbel further explains the outcomes of physical child abuse as “any type of abuse constitutes
exploitation of the child’s dependence on and attachment with the parent or custodian.”
According to the book Childhood Victimization: Violence, Crime, and Abuse in the Lives of
Young People by David Finkelhor, reason for abuse is “harm that comes to individuals because
other human[s] have behaved in ways that violate social norms.
Babbel explains in her blog at http://www.psychologytoday.com that child abuse leads to Post
Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
4. Methods of the Study:
This study has been selected and collected through various websites and
the figures and statistical data has been collected through questionnaires and surveys conducted
in several countries through organizations.
Page | 6
4.1. Data Collection:
All the data provided and used in this report has been collected through
multiple websites listed at the end of this report. The data was collected using statistical tools and
methods. The statistical tools are listed below:
Child Abuse Scale (CAS):
CAS is a screening device which measures the affection of
parents and treatment of children. It also measures different levels of abuse.
Survey:
Some of the data, mainly the facts and statistical evidence was collected by the
survey conducted in organizations, foundations and hospitals were the victims of child abuse has
been reported. The surveys were conducted throughout the countries by a number of
organizations.
Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaires( PARQ):
Some of the statistical data and comments were also collected through
questionnaires distributed in schools, hospitals, orphanages, and foster homes. The
authorities along with children filled the questionnaires. This is a specific type of a
questionnaire formed in 1980 which measures the way children of age (2-13) perceive
their parents or guardian’s affection and treatment.
Form Filling:
Page | 7
Similar to questionnaires, forms were also distributed in some of the institutes
for the collection of data.
4.2. Data Analysis:
After the collection of the data, it was analyzed by analysts and experts. This
step included other statistical methods such as sampling, organizing and interpretation of the
data. All the figures, graphs and tables were also formed here.
5. Results and Discussions:
Survey of Level of Abuse in Children in

Pakistan
25
20
15
10
0
GIRL BOY
Physical Abuse Emotional Abuse Physical Negligence Emotional Negligence
Page | 8
PARQ Ratio
60% 54%
50% 47%
39%
40% 38%
30%
20%
15%
7%
10%
0%
Girl
Boy
mild moderate severe
According to http://www.psychologytoday.com 16% children out of 905,000 (they were treated
badly) were physically abused in USA in year 2006.
According to http://www.parhlo.com 3700 cases were reported of child abuse in year 2015 and
reportedly, there is an annual 7% increase in the ratio.
According to http://www.unicef.com 3% of girls in Pakistan are married before age of 15 and 21
percent before age of 18 which another type is of abuse namely Marital Abuse. And a rough
estimate shows that 140 million underage girls are married under the legal age between 2011-
2020.
Page | 9
Ratio of Child Marriage in Pakistan
4.3
99%
25% 22%
GIRL BOY
Sindh Other Tribal Areas
6. Conclusion:
In conclusion, the child abuse ratio has reportedly increased in Pakistan and other
countries of the world hence destroying the lives of many children and forcing their lives to be
destroyed. Statistics also show that some of the abuse results in financial and mental problems
faced by parents, guardians or abuser. To improve this issue, more institutes must be formed and
more awareness should be spread. Although many Non-Government Organizations (NGO) are
active in suppressing the issue and decreasing the ratio but more and more awareness is still
required.
Page | 10
6.1. Recommendation:
This type of study could further be improved by creating and conducting more
surveys and also rechecking the results. More labels, charts and data summary can also improve
the results.
Page | 11
7. Reference
1. http://www.vetoviolence.com:
2. http://www.unicef.com
3. http://www.parhlo.com
4. http://www.psychologytoday.com
5. Child Maltreatment 2006. Washington DC: US Department of Health and Human Services Administration for
Children and Families, Administration on Children Youth and Families Children's Bureau; 2008. 1-194
6. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/916007-overview
7. http://www.americanhumane.org/
8. http://www.americanhumane.org/children/stop-child-abuse/fact-sheets/chil...
9. http://www.americanhumane.org/children/stop-child-abuse/fact-sheets/chil...
10. United States Department of Health and Human Services
11. Child Abuse and Neglect, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder" by Angelo P Giardini, MD, PhD, Clinical Associate
Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine; Medical Director, Texas Children's Health
Plan, Inc.
Page | 12

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COMSATS UNIVERISTY ISLAMABAD

Final Project for course, Report Writing Skills

Title of the Report: CHILD MALTREATMENT AND ABUSE

SUBMISSION DATE: 16 MAY, 2019 THURSDAY

SUBMITTED FOR: PROF. SABA AMEER

SUBMITTED BY: HIFZA IDREES

STUDENT ID: CIIT/SP19-BAF-021/LHR

COURSE TITLE: HUM10

2.1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION

2.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

2.3. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

2.4. SCOPE OF THE STUDY

2.5. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

3. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

4. METHODS OF THE STUDY

4.1. DATA COLLECTION

4.2. DATA ANALYSIS

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

2. Introduction of the Study:

past couple of years to decrease the ratio.

2.1. Background of the Study:

abusing the child.

2.2. Statement of the Problem:

The purpose of this report is to provide information about the child

2.3. Significance of the Study:

This study will create an overview to help better understand the

2.4. Scope of the Study:

information is provided in this study.

2.5. Limitations of the Study:

and developing this study.

 The data is provided with a lower sample.

3. Review of Related Literature:

Susanne Babbel MFT. PhD Somatic Psychology at http://www.psychologytoday.com states

Child Abuse as “act of commission” According to American Humane Associations {AHA},

were maltreated in the US alone.

by “punching, kicking, beating, biting, pinching and burning children.”

other human[s] have behaved in ways that violate social norms.

Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

4. Methods of the Study:

in several countries through organizations.

4.1. Data Collection:

methods. The statistical tools are listed below:

Child Abuse Scale (CAS):

CAS is a screening device which measures the affection of

parents and treatment of children. It also measures different levels of abuse.

Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaires( PARQ):

questionnaires distributed in schools, hospitals, orphanages, and foster homes. The

their parents or guardian’s affection and treatment.

Similar to questionnaires, forms were also distributed in some of the institutes

for the collection of data.

4.2. Data Analysis:

5. Results and Discussions:

Survey of Level of Abuse in Children in

Physical Abuse Emotional Abuse Physical Negligence Emotional Negligence

mild moderate severe

According to http://www.psychologytoday.com 16% children out of 905,000 (they were treated

badly) were physically abused in USA in year 2006.

reportedly, there is an annual 7% increase in the ratio.

According to http://www.unicef.com 3% of girls in Pakistan are married before age of 15 and 21

Ratio of Child Marriage in Pakistan

Sindh Other Tribal Areas

10. United States Department of Health and Human Services