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Civil-Net Zero Residential Building
Civil-Net Zero Residential Building
com/fyp/
PROJECT REPORT
on
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
CIVIL ENGINEERING
by
KARTHIK V (1010910090)
SASIDHAR K.V (1010910092)
NEERAJ PORWAL (1010910118)
ABHINAV N (1010910119)
Mrs. VASANTHI.P
Assistant Professor (O.G)
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MAY 2013
PROJECT REPORT
on
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
CIVIL ENGINEERING
by
KARTHIK V (1010910090)
SASIDHAR K.V (1010910092)
NEERAJ PORWAL (1010910118)
ABHINAV N (1010910119)
Mrs. VASANTHI.P
Assistant Professor (O.G)
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MAY 2013
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
reported herein does not form part of any other project report or dissertation
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DATE:
ABSTRACT
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author expresses his sincere thanks and Gratitude to HOD Dr. R.
ANNADURAI, Department of Civil Engineering, for his valuable suggestions and
advice in carrying out this thesis work.
The author hereby acknowledges with deep sense of gratitude the valuable
guidance given by the Guide Mrs.VASANTHI P, Assistant Professor, Department of
Civil Engineering, for initiative and motivation during the course of this work.
The author is extremely grateful to the valuble advices given by the class
incharge Mr.K.PRASANNA, Assistant professor,Department of Civil Engineering, for
constant support.
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Finally, the author expresses his hearty thanks to Friends for their kind help and
encouragement throughout the course of this thesis work.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
ABBREVATIONS xi
1 OVERVIEW 1
1.1 OBJECTIVE 1
1.2 NECESSITY 1
1.3 SCOPE 2
1.4 METHODOLOGY 2
1.5 MAJOR DESIGN EXPERIENCE 2
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2 INTRODUCTION 6
2.1 GENERAL 6
2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW 7
2.3 DEVELOPMENT CONTROL RULES FOR CHENNAI
METROPOLITAN AREA, 2004 8
2.3.1 Primary Residential Use Zone 8
2.4 CONFORMATION TO NATIONAL BUILDING
CODE OF INDIA 9
2.4.1 Fire Safety, Detection And Extinguishing
System 10
2.4.2 Security Deposits 10
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5 CONCLUSION 72
5.1 CONCLUSION 72
5.2 FUTURE SCOPE 72
REFERENCES 73
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE
PAGE 1.1 Codes Used
3
1.2 Earlier Course Work Used
4
2.1 Front Setback
8
2.2 Rear Setback
9
2.3 Side Setback
9
4.1 Values of slenderness ratio
48
4.2 Stress reduction factor for slenderness ratio
48
4.3 Calculation of permissible stress
49
4.4 Safe allowable load
49
4.5 Calculations of loads
57
4.6 Abstract Estimate of Conventional Building
65
4.7 Abstract Estimate of NZERB
67
4.8 Rate Analysis of Proposed Conventional Building
70
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LIST OF FIGURES
ABBREVIATIONS
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D - Total depth
b - Width
Mu,lim - Ultimate limiting moment of resistance
fck - Characteristic compressive strength of concrete
Mu - Ultimate moment
Pt - Percentage of tension reinforcement
Pc - Percentage of compression reinforcement
Ast - Area of steel in tension zone
Asc - Area of steel in compression zone
Sv - Spacing of stirrups
fy - Yield stress of steel
Asv - Total cross sectional area of stirrup legs
kt - Modification factor for tension reinforcement
kc - Modification factor for compression reinforcement
kf - Reduction factors for flanged beams
Pu - Ultimate load
τc - Permissible shear stress
Ag - Gross area of cross section
Ly - Length in y direction
Lx - Length in x direction
Wu - Ultimate load
αx - Bending moment coefficient for short span
αY - Bending moment coefficient for long span
Mx - Moment in short span direction
My - Moment in long span direction
dreq - Required depth
dprov - Provided depth
Mu,max - Maximum ultimate moment
Ast( reqd) - Area of steel required
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CHAPTER 1
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OVERVIEW
1.1 OBJECTIVE
1.2 NECESSITY
1.3 SCOPE
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1.4 METHODOLOGY
This entire project is a planning and design in nature and the methodology
followed in this project is listed as below.
i. Selection of site where renewable energy is available
ii. Study the climate conditions of area
iii. Aligning the building to utilize maximum amount of renewable resources
iv. Planning and design of proposed NZERB building
v. Comparison of the NZERB building with other conventional building
Design experience in the following areas has been gained during the course of
the project
i. Design of slabs
i. Economic: Building shall be designed such that the entire energy requirements
are met by solar energy only due to shortage of conventional energy.
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ii. Sustainability Constraints: The design shall be such that the requirement of
cooling do not fluctuate throughout the year.
iii. Economic Constraint: The materials adopted for construction are economical
compared to conventional materials.
The codes for design of buildings and structures, Design co-efficient, Limit
state design method and Fixing of dimensions are shown in Table 1.1
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The codes for Computer aided building drawing, layout and planning and
Byelaws, Setbacks, Open space, Floor area ratio are shown in Table 1.2
Table 1.2 Application of earlier course work
Course Code and Name Context
CE 0104- Computer aided building
Computer aided building drawing
drawing
CE0102- Elements of building science
layout and planning
and Architecture
Byelaws, Setbacks, Open space, Floor
CE0209- Building technology
area ratio
CE0303-Structural Design II R.C.C Design
CE0304-Structural Design III R.C.C Design
i. Auto CAD
ii. MS EXCEL
iii. MS WORD
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1.11 CONCLUSION
The two types of buildings are analyzed with respect to cost, time,
availability of skilled labour and ease in construction.
AVAILABILITY
COST ELECTRICITY OF
RESOURSES
NORMAL
It requires an Easily Available
CONVENTIONAL Low
active source
BUILDING
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CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION
2.1 GENERAL
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Anna Joanna,
Aalborg University, Department of Civil Engineering,
According to ANNA, “With energy conservation arrangements, such as high-
insulated constructions, solar heating system. Extra Energy supply for the electric
installations in the house is taken from the municipal mains” (Ref 2).
Saitoh, (1988) (JAPAN)
According to SAITOH, “… a multi-purpose natural energy autonomous
house will meet almost all the energy demands for solar panel and cooling as well as
supply of hot water. For this purpose, solar energy, the natural underground coldness and
sky radiation cooling are utilized.”
i. Solar panels are designed to harness.
ii. Solar energy in buildings include systems that capture heat (such as Solar water
heating systems and passive heating).
iii. It converts solar energy into electrical energy, its done with the help of
photovoltic (PV) systems (Ref 3).
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In this primary residential use zone, buildings shall be permitted only for the
following purposes and accessory uses.
(a) Professional consulting offices of the residents and incidental uses there to occupy a
floor area not exceeding 40 square meters.
(b) Petty shops dealing with daily essentials including retail sale of provisions, soft
drinks, cigarettes, newspapers, tea stalls, mutton stall and milk kiosks, cycle repair shops
and tailoring shops.
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The applicant shall deposit a sum at the rate of Rs.100 per square meters
of floor area as a refundable non-interest earning security and earnest deposit. The deposit
shall be refunded on completion of development as per the approved plan as certified by
CMDA, if not, it would be forfeited.
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CHAPTER 3
3.1 OBJECTIVE
iii. Comparing the net zero energy building with conventional building.
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3.2 SCOPE
3.3 METHODOLOGY
This entire project is planning and design in nature and the methodology
followed in this project is listed as below.
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CHAPTER 4
4.1 PLANNING
The key plan of the residential building is drawn by considering the alignment of
the building with respect to the CMDA.
The key plan of the site is shown in Figure 4.1
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The ground floor of the building consist of one hall, two bedrooms, one dinning,
one kitchen. The allocations of the rooms in the plan has been done with due
consideration of sun diagram as per the requirement of zero energy building. The plan
has been prepared using Auto CAD software.
The Ground Floor plan is shown in Figure 4.2
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The first floor of the building consist of one hall, two bedrooms, one dinning, one
kitchen. The allocations of the rooms in the plan has been done with due consideration
of sun diagram as per the requirement of zero energy building. The plan has been
prepared using Auto CAD software.
The First Floor plan is shown in Figure 4.3
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1. Effective Span
Lx = 3.26 m
Ly = 5.1 m
Ly 5.1
Aspect ratio = Lx = 3.26 = 1.56<2
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kN
Factored Load (Wu) = 1.5 × 6.21 = 9.315 m2
Refer Table 26
Short Span αx = 0.068
Long Span αy = 0.037
[Note that Lx only to be taken, where it is long span or short span only
coefficient varies].
Mu = Wu × Co-efficient × Lx2 (4.1)
Mu is calculated by equation 4.1
Where,
(or)
= 0.138fckb d2
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fck R
Ast(+) Short = b d 2fy[1 - √1-4.598 f ] (4.3)
ck
= 184.27 mm2
Minimum Steel = 0.12% × D × B
0.12
Ast,min = ( 100 )× 130 × 1000 = 156 mm2
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= 0.4057
20 0.4057
Ast(+)Long = 1000 × 95 × ( 2 )× 415 [1 – √4.598 × ]
20
= 109.37 mm2
Ast(+)Long<Ast,min
7. Spacing for all Steel
i. 3d = 3 × 95 = 285 mm
ii. 300
Spacing = 285 mm
8. Check for Deflection
Short Span Lx = 3260 mm
Ast(+) Short = 116.37 mm2
Basic Value = 20
184.27 N
Fs = 0.58 × 415×184.27 =240.2 mm2
Ast(+)Short 184.27 × 100
Pt= = ( 1000 × 105 )
bd
= 0.175%
Modification Factor = 1.62
Modified Basic Value = 20 × 1.62 = 32.8
Span 3260
d
= 105
= 31.047
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1. Effective Span
Lx = 3 m
Ly = 3.5 m
Ly 0.23
Aspect ratio = = 3.5 + + 0.23 = 1.154 < 2Hence Two Way Slab
Lx 3
2. Load Calculation
Lx 3230
Assuming Slab Thickness d = 32 = = 100 mm
32
kN
∴Weight of Floor Finish = 0.04 X 24 = 0.96 m2
kN
∴Imposed Load =2 m2
kN
Total Load = 6.08 m2
kN
Factored Load (Wu) = 1.5× 6.96 = 9.127 m2
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Ly
= 1.154 ( already found out )
Lx
Refer Table 26
Short Span αx = 0.043
Long Span αy = 0.035
[ Note that Lx only to be taken, where it is long span or short span only
coefficient varies ].
(or)
fck R
Ast(+) Short = b d 2fy[1 - √1-4.598 f ]
ck
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Mu 1
R = bd2 = 4.1 ×106 1002× 1000 = 0.41
20 0.41
Ast(+) Short = 1000 × 100 × × 415 [1 - √1-4.598 × 20 ]
2
= 116.37 mm2
Minimum Steel = 0.12% × D × B
0.12
Ast,min = × 125 × 1000 = 150 mm2
100
d= 125 – 20 – 10/2 - 10
d= 90 mm
6. Calculation of Ast for Long Span
fck R
Ast(+)Long= b d 2fy[1 - √1- 4.598f ]
ck
= 0.33
20 0.33
Ast(+)Long = 1000 × 100 × 2 × 415 [1 – 4.598 × ]
20
= 93.2 mm2
Ast(+)Long<Ast,min
7. Spacing for Steel
π
Ast= 4 ×102 = 78.5 mm2
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78.5
Ast(+)Short = 116.37× 1000 = 674.5 mm
78.5
Ast(+)Long = 93.2× 1000 = 842.27 mm
Span 3230
= = 32.3
d 100
32.3 < 34
∴Hence its ok
1. Effective Span
Lx = 3.85 m
Ly = 3.95 m
Ly 3.95
Aspect ratio = Lx = 3.85 = 1.027<2
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Lx 3850
d = 32 = = 120.31mm = 120 mm
32
kN
∴Weight of Floor Finish = 0.04 × 24 = 0.96 m2
kN
Imposed Load = 2 m2
kN
∴Total Load = 6.75 m2
kN
Factored Load (Wu) = 1.5 × 6.75 = 10.125 m2
Refer Table 26
Short Span αx = 0.048
Long Span αy = 0.047
[ Note that Lx only to be taken, where it is long span or short span only
coefficient varies ].
Mu = Wu× Co-efficient × Lx2
Same as equation 4.1
Mu(+) Short = 0.048 × 10.125 × 3.852 = 7.203 kN.m
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(or)
= 0.138fckb d2
Same as equation 4.2
= 0.138 × 20 × 1000 × 1252
= 43.125 kN.m
(Mu Limit) > (Mu Short)
∴ Hence its ok
4. Calculation of Steel
fck R
Ast(+) Short = b d 2fy[1 - √1-4.598 f ]
ck
= 164.08 mm2
Minimum Steel = 0.12% × D × B
0.12
Ast,min = ( 100 )× 150 × 1000
= 180 mm2
Ast(+) Short <Ast,min
5. Check for maximum Spacing
i. 3d = 3 × 125 = 375 mm
ii. 300
Max Spacing = 300 mm
∴ d for long span bars
d
d= D – Clear Cover – 2 - ∅
10
d= 150 – 20 – - 10
2
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d= 115 mm
6. Calculation of Ast for Long Span
fck R
Ast(+)Long = b d 2fy[1 - √1- 4.598f ]
ck
= 0.553
20 0.553
Ast(+)Long = 1000 × 115 × ( 2 ) × 415 [1 – √4.598 × ]
20
= 181.11 mm2
Ast(+)Long<Ast,min
7. Spacing for all Steel
i. 3d = 3 × 115 = 345 mm
ii. 300
Spacing = 300 mm
8. Check for Deflection
Short Span Lx = 3850 mm
Ast(+)Short = 181.11 mm2
Basic Value = 20
181.11 N
Fs = 0.58 × 415 ×181.11 =240.2 mm2
Ast(+)Short 181.11 × 100
Pt= = (1000 × 125)
bd
= 0.157%
Modification Factor = 1.8
Modified Basic Value = 20 × 1.8 = 36
Span 3850
= = 30.8
d 125
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1. Effective Span
Lx = 2.38 m
Ly = 4.28 m
Ly 4.28
Aspect ratio = Lx = 2.38 = 1.798<2
kN
∴Weight of Floor Finish = 0.04 × 24 = 0.96 m2
kN
Imposed Load = 2 m2
kN
∴Total Load = 5.75 m2
kN
Factored Load (Wu) = 1.5 × 5.75 = 8.625 m2
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Ly
= 1.798 (already found out)
Lx
Refer Table 26
Short Span αx = 0.085
Long Span αy = 0.047
[ Note that Lx only to be taken, where it is long span or short span only
coefficient varies ].
Mu = Wu× Co-efficient × Lx2
Same as equation 4.1
Mu(+) Short = 0.085 × 8.625 × 2.382 = 4.127 kN.m
Mu(+) Long = 0.047 × 8.625 × 2.382 = 2.29 kN.m
Take the Highest Moment and check for adequacy of the section.
0.36 × Xu max 1− 0.42 × Xu max
Mu,lim= [ ] fck b d2
d d
(or)
= 0.138fckb d2
Same as equation 4.2
= 0.138 × 20 × 1000 × 852
=19.94 kN.m
(Mu Limit) > (Mu Short)
∴ Hence its ok
4. Calculation of Steel
fck R
Ast(+) Short = b d 2fy[1 - √1-4.598 f ]
ck
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= 139.92 mm2
Minimum Steel = 0.12% × D × B
0.12
Ast,min= ( 100 ) × 110 × 1000 = 132 mm2
d= 75 mm
6. Calculation of Ast for Long Span
fck R
Ast(+)Long= b d 2fy[1 - √1- 4.598f ]
ck
= 0.4082
20 0.4082
Ast(+) Long = 1000 × 75 × ( 2 ) × 415 [1 – √4.598 × ]= 86.88 mm2
20
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Basic Value = 20
139.92 N
Fs = 0.58 × 415 ×139.92 = 240.2 mm2
Ast(+)Short (139.92 × 100 )
Pt= =
bd (1000 × 85)
= 0.1646%
Modification Factor = 1.9
Modified Basic Value = 20 × 1.9 = 38
Span 2380
= = 28
d 85
28 < 38
∴ Hence its ok
1. Effective Span
Lx = 3.78 m
Ly = 6.93 m
Ly 6.93
Aspect ratio = Lx = 3.78 = 1.83<2
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kN
= 3.75 m2
kN
∴Weight of Floor Finish = 0.04 × 24 = 0.96 m2
kN
Imposed Load = 2 m2
kN
∴Total Load = 6.75 m2
kN
Factored Load (Wu) = 1.5 × 6.75 = 10.125 m2
Ly
= 1.83 (already found out)
Lx
Refer Table 26
Short Span αx = 0.087
Long Span αy = 0.047
[ Note that Lx only to be taken, where it is long span or short span only
coefficient varies ].
Mu = Wu× Co-efficient × Lx2
Same as equation 4.1
Mu(+) Short = 0.087 × 10.125 × 3.782 = 12.58 kN.m
Mu(+) Long = 0.047 × 10.125 × 3.782 = 6.79 kN.m
Take the Highest Moment and check for adequacy of the section.
0.36 × Xu max 1− 0.42 × Xu max
Mu,lim= [ ] fck b d2
d d
(or)
= 0.138fckb d2
Same as equation 4.2
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= 184.27 mm2
Minimum Steel = 0.12% × D × B
0.12
Ast,min = ( 100 )× 130 × 1000
= 156 mm2
Ast(+) Short <Ast,min
5. Check for maximum Spacing
i. 3d = 3 ×105 = 315 mm
ii. 300
Max Spacing = 300 mm
∴d for long span bars
d
d= D – Clear Cover – 2 - ∅
d= 130 – 20 – 10/2 - 10
d= 95 mm
6. Calculation of Ast for Long Span
fck R
Ast(+)Long= b d 2fy[1 - √1- 4.598f ]
ck
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3.662 × 106
= 952×1000
= 0.4057
20 0.4057
Ast(+)Long = 1000 × 95 × ( 2 )× 415 [1 – √4.598 × ]
20
= 109.37 mm2
Ast(+)Long<Ast,min
7. Spacing for all Steel
i. 3d = 3 × 95 = 285 mm
ii. 300
Spacing = 285 mm
8. Check for Deflection
Short Span Lx = 3260 mm
Ast(+) Short = 116.37 mm2
Basic Value = 20
184.27 N
Fs = 0.58 × 415×184.27 = 240.2 mm2
Ast(+)Short 184.27 × 100
Pt= = (1000 × 105)
bd
= 0.175%
Modification Factor = 1.62
Modified Basic Value = 20 × 1.62
=32
Span 3260
= = 31.047
d 105
1. Effective Span
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Lx = 2.23 m
Ly = 3.73 m
Ly 0.23
Aspect ratio = Lx = 3.73 + 2.23 + 0.23 = 1.67 < 2
kN
Weight of Floor Finish = 0.04 × 24 = 0.96 m2
kN
∴Imposed Load = 2 m2
kN
∴Total Load = 5.25 m2
kN
Factored Load (Wu) = 1.5 × 5.25 = 7.875 m2
Ly
= 1.67 (already found out)
Lx
Refer Table 26
Short Span αx = 0.06
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(or)
Mu,lim = 0.138 fckb d2
Same as equation 4.2
= 0.138 × 20 × 1000 × 652
=11.66 kN.m
(Mu Limit) > (Mu Short)
∴ Hence its ok
3. Calculation of Steel
fck R
Ast(+) Short = b d 2fy[1 - √1-4.598 f ]
ck
= 103.56 mm2
Minimum Steel = 0.12% × D × B
0.12
Ast,min= × 90 × 1000
100
= 108 mm2
Ast(+) Short <Ast,min
4. Check for maximum Spacing
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i. 3d = 3 × 65 = 195 mm
ii. 300
Max Spacing = 195 mm
∴d for long span bars
d
d= D – Clear Cover – 2 - ∅
10
d= 90 – 20 – - 10
2
d= 55 mm
5. Calculation of Ast for Long Span
fck R
Ast(+)Long= b d 2fy[1 - √1- 4.598f ]
ck
= 0.115
20 0.115
Ast(+) Long =1000 × 55 × 2 × 415 [1 – 4.598 × ]
20
= 71.05 mm2
Ast(+) Long <Ast,min
6. Spacing for all Steel
𝜋
Ast = × 102 = 78.5 mm2
4
78.5
Ast(+) Short = 103.56× 1000 = 758.01 mm
78.5
Ast(+) Long = 71.05× 1000 = 1104.8 mm
= 0.16%
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34.3 < 36
∴ Hence its ok
1. Effective Span
Lx = 2.6 m
Ly = 3.73 m
Ly 0.23
Aspect ratio = Lx = 3.73 + + 0.23 = 1.43 < 2
2.6
kN
∴Weight of Floor Finish = 0.04 × 24 = 0.96 m2
kN
Imposed Load =2 m2
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kN
∴Total Load = 5.62 m2
kN
Factored Load (Wu) = 1.5 × 5.62 = 8.43 m2
Ly
= 1.43 (already found out)
Lx
Refer Table 26
Short Span αx = 0.049
Long Span αy = 0.028
[ Note that Lx only to be taken, where it is long span or short span only
coefficient varies ].
Mu = Wu× Co-efficient × Lx2
Same as equation 4.1
Mu(+) Short = 0.049 × 8.43× 2.62 = 2.79 kN.m
Mu(+) Long = 0.028 × 8.43 × 2.62 = 1.595 kN.m
Take the Highest Moment and check for adequacy of the section.
0.36 × Xu max 1− 0.42 × Xu max
Mu,lim= [ ] fck b d2
d d
(or)
Mu,lim = 0.138fckb d2
Same as equation 4.2
Mu,lim = 0.138 × 20 × 1000 × 802
Mu,lim =17.66 kN.m
(Mu Limit) > (Mu Short)
∴ Hence its ok
4. Calculation of Steel
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fck R
Ast(+) Short = b d 2fy[1 - √1-4.598 fck]
= 126 mm2
Ast(+) Short <Ast,min
5. Check for maximum Spacing
i. 3d = 3 × 80 = 240 mm
ii. 300
d= 70 mm
6. Calculation of Ast for Long Span
fck R
Ast(+)Long= b d 2fy[1 - √1- 4.598f ]
ck
= 0.325
20 0.325
Ast(+) Long =1000 ×70 × × 415 [1 – 4.598 × ]
2 20
= 64.34 mm2
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= 0.14%
Modification Factor = 1.8
Modified Basic Value = 20 × 1.8 = 36
Span 2600
= = 32.5
d 80
32.5 < 36
∴ Hence its ok
2. Assumptions
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Fc = 0.44 × 0.48 × 1 × 1
N
= 0.21 m²
8. Safe Load
𝑓𝑐 6𝑒
Q=(1 + )𝐴
𝑡
0.21 × 1000 × 300
= 1
kN
= 63 m
9. Wall Area
Outer wall = Total Perimeter x 3(floor height)
= ((11.31×2) + (8.93×2))×3
= 40.83 m3
Inner wall = (4.87×3) + (4.87×3) + (3.5×2×3)
= 29.22 + 21 = 50.22 m3
Total wall volume = 91.05 m3
10. Deductions:
Outer Deductions = 1.098+1.089+2.226+1.089+1.4884+1.4884+1.4884+
1.4884+1.4884+1.098
= 14.042 m3
Inner Deductions = 1.89+1.89+2.496+1.746+1.746
= 9.768 m3
Total Deduction =23.81 m3
Total wall volume – Total Deductions = 91.05 -23.81 = 67.25 m3
23.81
% Opening = × 100
67.25
= 35.4 %
∴Thickness = 1 Brick thick wall (using nomograms)
11. For Hall :
Wlx lx
Wu= × {3- [( ly)]2} (4.5)
6
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Where,
Wu= Factored load
W=Load from the slab
Lx=Short span
Ly=Long span
(3.03+ 0.23)) 3+0.23
Wu =(9.315 × × { 3 − [4.87+0.23]2}
6
kN
Wu = 13.11× 103
m
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Load
1. Area of Footing = SBC
kN
Assume SBC = 150 m2
70
A = 150 = 0.47 m2
Step 2: Assumptions
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kN
Safe allowable load per meter length is q = 0.39 × 2 × 105 = 78 m
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= H = 20 =
1
W 20
The values of slenderness ratio for effective length and height of the building is
given in Table 4.1
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H L S.R H L S.R
A 3.15 3.44 15.75 2.55 3.44 12.75
B 3.15 2.58 12.92 2.55 2.58 12.75
C 3.15 3.33 15.75 2.55 3.33 12.75
D 3.15 2.88 14.4 2.55 2.88 12.75
E 3.15 2.056 10.28 2.55 2.056 10.28
F 3.15 2.52 12.6 2.55 2.52 12.6
G 3.15 3.7 15.75 2.55 3.7 12.75
H 3.15 2.90 14.5 2.55 2.9 12.75
I 3.15 3.44 15.75 2.55 3.44 12.75
J 3.15 3.44 15.75 2.55 3.44 12.75
K 3.15 2.976 14.88 2.55 2.976 12.75
L 3.15 1.935 9.7 2.55 1.935 9.675
M 3.15 5.07 15.75 2.55 5.07 12.75
The values of stress reduction factor for slenderness ratio of the building is given
in Table 4.2
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The values of safe allowable load for the building is given in Table 4.4
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kN
Load from Wall = 78 m
Load from wall (critical wall M) +10% for the weight of the Building + weight
of slab (hall, bed room & dining) + floor finish
kN
=100 m
kN
Factored load= 1.25 × 100=125 m
Load 125
1. Area of Footing = = = 0.833 m2
SBC 50
kN
Assume SBC = 150 m2
The Projection of P.C.C beyond the brick work should not be more than ½ of the
thickness of P.C.C
300
= = 150 mm
2
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Rise = 150 mm
Thread = 250 mm
Using M20 Concrete and Fe415
D = 200 mm
D √R2 +T2 kN
Self weight = 1000 × × 2 = 5.83 m2 (4.6)
T
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D =Diameter
R =Rise
T =Thread
Step3: Calculation of Mu
17.55×16
Mu = = 35 kN.m
8
0.36 × Xu max 1− 0.42 × Xu max
Mu,lim = [ ] fck b d2
d d
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35×106
R= = 2.43
1000×120×120
1000×120×20
Ast = = 970.6 mm2
2×415
970.6
Number of Bars = π = 4 bars
×202
4
π
Ast actual = 4 × × 202 = 1256 mm2
4
Ast 1256
Pt = × 1000 = × 1000 = 1.04%
bd 1000×120
dactual = 120 mm
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CFL (Ref
HALL 4 5 20 400 80
13)
FAN 2 5 50 500 100
T.V 1 5 80 400 80
BED ROOM 1 CFL 2 3 15 90 30
FAN 1 10 50 500 50
BED ROOM 2 CFL 2 3 15 90 30
FAN 1 10 50 500 50
KITCHEN OVEN 1 1 900 900 900
CFL 3 4 15 180 45
EXHAUS
1 4 50 200 50
T
Mixer 1 1 450 450 450
DINING AUTO-
1 18 150 2700 195
ROOM FRIDGE
CFL 3 4 15 180 45
FAN 1 3 50 150 50
TOILET 1 CFL 1 1 15 15 15
TOILET 2 HEATER 1 1 150 150 150
CFL 1 2 15 30 15
WATER
1 1 750 750 750
PUMP
WASHING
1 2 90 180 90
MACHINE
8365 3175
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Power Invertor Sizing
Appliance total power draw = 3175 W
To provide a small buffer or margin your minimum size inverter choice should be
around 3500W.
A modified sine wave inverter with a 3500W continuous power rating will therefore
be your obvious choice in this specific solar system design.
Determining the Size And Number Of Solar Panels
Divide the total daily power requirement by the number of charge hours for that
geographic region eg. (8365×1.2)\6=1673 WATTS
250 Watt Solar Panel
1673
Total watt/ 250 watt solar panel = 250
=7 PANELS
= 7 x 250 W panels.
Number of Batteries
250W panels produce 4.8Amps, thus 14x 4.8 A = 67.2A x 6 Hrs
= 403.2.Ah
105Ah batteries, should be discharged to no more than 50%, thus we divide total
amps by 105A x 50% = 50A.h
404
= 8.08 x 105Ah batteries.
50𝐴
For ease of possible 24V or 48V configuration, this would mean 3 in series of 3
batteries.
Size of Regulators
Let’s say we had 20A regulators at our disposal.
One 250W panel produces around 4.8Amps.
The regulators are put in series
14 x 4.8A=67.2
So 14 solar panels would need 4 x 20 A solar regulators
.
The total cost of the solar panel is Rs. One lakh forty two thousand six hundred for
our residential building .In these solar panel cost is based on the solar panels, regulator,
batteries and inverter. The output of solar panel can be expected to vary by 0.25% for every 5
degrees variation in temperature.
In NZERB, decrease in temperature for using of hollow bricks and solar panels
produces the electricity. When compared to conventional building, the intial cost is high but
in future the electricity cost is reduced.
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4.6.1 Parameters of Hollow Brick Used In Net Zero Energy Residential Building
I. LENGTH : 400 mm
II. WIDTH : 200 mm
III. HEIGHT: 200 mm
IV. WEIGHT: 11.1 kg
V. DENSITY: 694 kg/m³
𝑁
VI. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH : 4.1 𝑚𝑚2
Available Sizes
Hollow Brick
Bigger Size
I. Hollow brick is same in size as that of concrete blocks
II. 1 Hollow brick = 9 Clay Bricks
III. Less mortar joints, hence less plumb & alignment
IV. Faster construction
Light Weight
I. Ease of handling, Transportation
II. Saves labour
III. Less dead load, Savings in Structural Cost
IV. (Steel & Concrete) by 10 to 15%
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Thermal Insulation
I. Savings on mortar
II. Low ‘U’ Values – 1.0 W/m²
III. Better Thermal Insulation = less energy loss through walls
IV. Savings on Energy consumption ,Comfortable inside temperature
U-value determines thermal Insulation.Lesser the Value higher the Insulation and vice
versa. U-values are mentioned in Figure 4.7
Fig.4.7 U-VALUES
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Constructional Advantages
4.7 ESTIMATION
4.7.1 Abstract estimate of conventional building
The quantities of the various materials in conventional building are calculated as
shown in the Table 4.6
The abstract estimate of conventional building is given in Table 4.6
Table 4.6 Abstract estimate of conventional building
Length Breadth Depth Quantity
S.No Description Nos
(m) (m) (m) (m3)
1 Excavation
Exterior wall 1 39.48 0.76 0.53 15.9
Interior wall 1 22.51 0.76 0.53 9.06
24.96
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2 P.C.C
Exterior wall 1 39.48 0.76 0.3 9
Interior wall 1 22.51 0.76 0.3 5.13
14.13
3 Brick work
1st Footing
Exterior wall 1 39.48 0.46 0.115 2.08
Interior wall 1 22.51 0.46 0.115 1.19
2nd Footing
Exterior wall 1 39.48 0.31 0.115 1.4
Interior wall 1 22.51 0.31 0.115 0.8
3 Wall
Exterior wall 1 39.48 0.23 7.5 68.1
Interior wall 1 22.51 0.23 7.5 38.82
112.39
Deductions
Window W 1×2 1.22 0.23 0.9 0.51
Window W1 1×5 1.22 0.23 1.22 1.71
Window W2 1×2 0.9 0.23 1.21 0.5
Door D 1×2 0.84 0.23 2.1 0.81
Door D1 1×3 0.75 0.23 2 1.035
Door D2 1 0.9 0.23 2.1 1.035
Spacing S1 1 1.2 0.23 2.08 0.57
Spacing S2 1 0.9 0.23 2.1 0.43
6.6
4 Earth Filling
Hall 1 3.03 4.87 0.5 7.378
Water closet 1 3.62 2.15 0.5 3.89
Bed Room1 1 3.62 3.72 0.5 6.73
Bed Room2 1 3.5 3 0.5 5.25
Dinning 1 3.5 2.37 0.5 4.147
Kitchen 1 3.5 2.6 0.5 4.55
31.649
5 Flooring Concrete
Hall 1 3.03 4.87 0.1 1.48
Water closet 1 3.62 2.15 0.1 0.778
Bed Room1 1 3.62 3.72 0.1 1.346
Bed Room2 1 3.5 3 0.1 1.05
Dinning 1 3.5 2.37 0.1 0.829
Kitchen 1 3.5 2.6 0.1 0.91
5.473
6 R.C.C
Lintel & Sun shades
Door D 1×2 1.4 0.23 0.15 0.078
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3 Brick work
1st Footing
Exterior wall 1 39.24 0.4 0.2 3.13
Interior wall 1 22.51 0.4 0.2 1.8
2nd Footing
Exterior wall 1 39.24 0.25 0.2 1.96
Interior wall 1 22.51 0.25 0.2 1.12
3 Wall
Exterior wall 1 39.24 0.2 7.5 58.86
Interior wall 1 22.51 0.2 7.5 33.76
Deductions
Window W 1×2 1.22 0.2 0.9 0.4392
Window W1 1×5 1.22 0.2 1.22 1.4884
Window W2 1×2 0.9 0.2 1.21 0.432
Door D 1×2 0.84 0.2 2.1 0.705
Door D1 1×3 0.75 0.2 2 0.9
Door D2 1 0.9 0.2 2.1 0.378
Spacing S1 1 1.2 0.2 2.08 0.504
Spacing S2 1 0.9 0.2 2.1 0.378
95.02
4 Earth Filling
Hall 1 3.03 4.87 0.5 7.378
Water closet 1 3.62 2.15 0.5 3.89
Bed Room1 1 3.62 3.72 0.5 6.73
Bed Room2 1 3.5 3 0.5 5.25
Dinning 1 3.5 2.37 0.5 4.147
Kitchen 1 3.5 2.6 0.5 4.55
31.649
5 Flooring Concrete
Hall 1 3.03 4.87 0.1 1.48
Water closet 1 3.62 2.15 0.1 0.778
Bed Room1 1 3.62 3.72 0.1 1.346
Bed Room2 1 3.5 3 0.1 1.05
Dinning 1 3.5 2.37 0.1 0.829
Kitchen 1 3.5 2.6 0.1 0.91
5.473
6 R.C.C
Lintel & Sun shades
Door D 1×2 1.4 0.23 0.15 0.0684
Door D1 1×3 1.05 0.23 0.15 0.0945
Door D2 1 1.2 0.23 0.15 0.036
Sun Shade 1 1.2 0.45 0.075 0.0405
Window W 1×2 1.52 0.23 0.15 0.07512
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2 Sand Filling with good river sand 31.65 1118.82 35.00 Cft 39158.00
5 Flooring Work
PCC 1:4:8 5.50 194.23 90.00 Cft 17480.00
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The rate analysis proposed for NZERB building is given in the Table 4.9
Table 4.9 Proposed NZERB Building
QTY in
S.NO DESCRIPTION OF WORK QTY in cft RATE PER AMOUNT
m³
1 Earth Work Excavation 21.60 763.56 9.50 Cft 7253.82
5 Flooring Work
PCC 1:4:8 5.50 194.23 90.00 Cft 17480.50
R.C.C (LINTEL,SUNSHADES
6
& ROOF SLAB) 6.84 241.55 350.00 Cft 84542.50
9
Colour washing 437.00 15448.00 5.00 Sft 77240.00
10
Steel 501.00 60.00 kg 30060.00
11
Solar Panel System 142600.00
TOTAL 1399046.82
CHAPTER 5
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CONCLUSION
5.1 CONCLUSION
In this project we has completed the design of the Conventional building by using
modular bricks and Net Zero Energy Residential Building by using Hollow Brick .The plan
of the building was prepared by Auto-Cad software. IS 456:2000 code book was used to
design Slab and Footing. Design of wall was done by using IS 1905:1987.
The Comparison of the Conventional Building and NZERB was completed by using
the parameters such as the temperature by using instrument infrared thermometer which was
found to be 4oC less in NZERB compared to conventional building under same condition.
Hence by using the renewable resources the impact on the active energy loads can be
reduced, Thus we can conserve electricity locally and globally.
The building designed as a NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING produces its own
electricity, thus it can save a huge amount in electricity bill. These kind of buildings are
environmental friendly reducing the environmental hazards (eg. It would release zero carbon
content that would help in controlling global warming).The design for the building should be
such that the requirement of temperature regulation does not fluctuate throughout the year.
REFERENCES
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-energy_building
2. http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/annajohanna
3. http://zeb.buildinggreen.com/saitoh
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