BUSES

Structure and types of buses

NAME:JANAT EJAZ

SUBJECT: COMPUTERS

REGISTERATION NO.039

PRESENTED TO:MAAM RUBATA RIASAT

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Definition of Buses:
In computing, a bus is defined as a set of physical connections (i.e. cables, printed
circuits, etc.), which can be shared by multiple hardware components in order to
communicate with one another.

The purpose of buses is to reduce the number of "pathways" needed for communication
between the components, by carrying out all communications over a single data
channel. This is why the metaphor of a "data highway" is sometimes used:

1. DATA BUS

The most common bus is the data bus. A data bus carries data

It is an electrical path that connects the CPU, Memory, Input/output Devices

and secondary storage devices.
The Bus contains parallel group of lines.
The number of lines in the bus affects the speed at which the data is travels
between different components.

2. ADDRESS BUS

An address bus carries address information. It is a set of wires similar to data bus but it
only connects CPU and Memory.

Whenever the processor needs data from the memory, it places the address of
data on the address bus.

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 The address is carried to the memory where the data from the requested address
is fetched and placed on the data bus. The data bus carries to CPU.

3. CONTROL BUS

The control bus carries control information from the control unit to the other units.
The control information is used for directing the activities of all units.
The control unit control the functioning of the other units e.g. Input/output
devices, secondary storage etc.

Structure of Buses
The simplest and most common way of interconnecting various parts of the computer. To
achieve a reasonable speed of operation, a computer must be organized so that all its units can
handle one full word of data at a given time. A group of lines that serve as a connecting port for
several devices is called a bus. In addition to the lines that carry the data, the bus must have lines
for address and control purpose.

Single bus structure in computer organization:

In single bus structure inside the CPU, different components are linked by a single bus. The
various components available inside CPU in this architecture includes Instruction Register
(IR), Instruction Decoder (ID), Program Counter (PC), Memory Address Register (MAR),
Memory Data Register (MDR), Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) and General purpose
Register.

INPUT MEMORY PROCESSOR OUTPUT

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