Task for attendance and TP make up tests.

Socio cultural and literary studies I.

Name:

D.N.I: • THE CONCEPT OF CULTURE:

Edward tylor:

Sir Edward B. Tylor’s definition of culture (1871) “Culture… is that

complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, law,
customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by [a
human] as a member of society.”

the students’ critique: too general (capabilities exist beyond culture),

assumes that people are homogeneous and share all of these
practices and values, does not allow a room for alternative Tylor’s
definition of culture

The characteristics outside the mainstream society, culture seems to

be bound to an institution or something official, does not distinguish
habits and capabilities as biological traits/functions from cultural
ones, like running.

Edward Tylor’s was the first who specified that culture is learned and
acquired, as opposed to being a biological trait. This was
revolutionary against the backdrop of colonialism, racism, and social
evolutionism -- the dominant ideologies of the 19th century. His
definition is also one of the first anthropological definitions of culture.

Cristina Rossi:

Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of

people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits,
music and arts.

The Center for Advance Research on Language Acquisition goes to

step further, defining culture as shared patterns of behaviors and
interactions, cognitive constructs and understanding that are learned
by socialization. Thus, it can be seen as the growth of a group
identity fostered by social patterns unique to the group.

"Culture encompasses religion, food, what we wear, how we wear it,

our language, marriage, music, what we believe is right or wrong,
how we sit at the table, how we behave with loved ones, and a
million other things, "Cristina De Rossi, an anthropologist at Barnet
and Southgate College in London, told Live Science.

The word "culture" derives from a French term, which in turn derives
from the Latin "colere," which means to tend to the earth and grow,
or cultivation and nurture. "It shares its etymology with a number of
other words related to actively fostering growth," De Rossi said.

Cliffs Notes

Culture consists of the beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other

characteristics common to the members of a particular group or
society. Through culture, people and groups define themselves,
conform to society's shared values, and contribute to society. Thus,
culture includes many societal aspects: language, customs, values,
norms, mores, rules, tools, technologies, products, organizations,
and institutions. This latter term institution refers to clusters of rules
and cultural meanings associated with specific social activities.
Common institutions are the family, education, religion, work, and
health care.

• in relation to the concept of culture, according to three different

sources I can say that culture is a set that includes knowledge,
beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs, etcetera acquired by society.
 Bibliography:

https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/anthropology/21a-01-how-culture-works-
fall-2012/readings/MIT21A_01F12_Sir_Edwrd_cul.pdf

https://www.livescience.com/21478-what-is-culture-definition-of-
culture.html

https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/sociology/culture-and-
societies/culture-and-society-defined