Proposed Transport Planfor Angeles City Pampanga

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Proposed Transport Plan for Angeles City, Pampanga
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DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.20663.01440
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Proposed Transport Plan for
Angeles City, Pampanga
BELTRAN, Kristina Mae S.

DIZON, Floyd S.
DUNGCA, Joana Lisa R.
MORTEL-PARUNGAO, Nerissa R.
ORBON, Glenn T.
ARCH 236 (Movement Systems)

Maria Lisa V. Santos
Master of Architecture
Introduction
With Metropolitan Manila’s fast-paced urbanization and rapid growth in
terms of area and population, urban areas outside of the National Capital
Region (NCR) have been envisioned as potential centers for new
metropolitan areas outside of the capital of the Philippines. This
decentralization is planned by the national, regional and local governments
to aid in decongesting Metro Manila by providing new socio-economic
opportunities for the people in other areas outside Manila. The National
Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) had previously determined
several key urban areas “identified by the National Framework for Physical
Planning: 2001-2030 as the country’s leading industrial, financial and
technological centers which serve as the main ports for international trade”
to build globally competitive metropolitan areas, including Metro Manila, in
the Philippines – and one of them is the City of Angeles in Pampanga
(National Economic and Development Authority, 2007 August 30).
Figure 1. Urban Centers, Key Transportation Infrastructure, Facilities, & Major Economic Zones in Central Luzon.
Sources: NEDA III RPFP (2006), DTI III - CLDP (1995), DPWH LISR Study (2000), Mendoza (2007).
BELTRAN, Kristina Mae S. DIZON, Floyd S. DUNGCA, Joana Lisa R. MORTEL-PARUNGAO, Nerissa R. ORBON, Glenn T.
ARCH 236 (Movement Systems) Maria Lisa V. Santos (Adviser) Master of Architecture
Figure 2. The Metropolitan Clark Area, its urban core, urban fringe, and sphere of influence.
Sources: NEDA III, BCDA, CSFP-SEP.
The City of Angeles is a first class, highly urbanized area in Pampanga, a

province north of Metropolitan Manila. It is independently governed or
autonomously administered from the province. Aside from the existence of
the Clark Freeport Zone adjacent to the city (a portion of this special
economic zone is actually part of the city), its geographical and strategic
location at the center of Central Luzon (Region III) makes Angeles City a
key piece in the growth and progress of the metropolitan area, called
Metropolitan Angeles, nearest to Manila up north. Metro Angeles consists
of the Cities of Angeles, San Fernando (capital of Pampanga and regional
center of Central Luzon), Mabalacat, and Municipalities of Bacolor and
Porac. It was named as one of the region-based metropolitan areas with
Figure 3. Political Map of Pampanga showing relatively high Gross Domestic Product (GDP) shares. Another
the various cities and towns of the province. metropolitan area for Central Luzon has been proposed, with the Clark
Source: Wikipedia (2015). Freeport Zone as the catalyst for this “strongest urban development
magnet” in the country. Named as Metro Clark Area (MCA), this new
regional urban development consists of the urban core of Cities of Angeles,
Mabalacat, and San Fernando, plus the urban fringes of Magalang, Arayat,
Bacolor, Guagua, Porac, and other nearby municipalities within Pampanga
(City Planning and Development Office, 2014).
In terms of regional tourism, Angeles City has many potentials that it can
offer to local and foreign tourists not only because of its geographical and
strategic location but also because of the rich history of the area. In the
Department of Tourism’s Final Report on the Regional Tourism Master
Plan for Central Luzon (Region III), the City of Angeles together with other
cities and towns within the region were determined as centers for world-
class tourism – being part of the Food Bowl and Culinary Capital – in Luzon
(Department of Tourism, 1998 March).
Profile of Angeles City

Background and History
The history of urban development of Angeles City can be related with the
separation on its own of what was once a small town from San Fernando
and the establishment of the adjacent Clark Air Base by the Americans in
the 20th century. Below is a timeline showing portions of the history of
Angeles City with regards to urban and transport planning (Angeles City
Local Government, 2015; Holy Angel University, 2015):
 1796 – Don Angel Pantaleon de Miranda staked out a new settlement,

which they called Culiat, within the town of San Fernando. The land
occupied by that settlement is now the City of Angeles.
 December 8, 1829 – The barrio of Culiat was successfully separated
from San Fernando and was renamed “El Pueblo de los Angeles”
(The Town of the Angels).
 1894 – The Manila-Dagupan Rail Line was completed with a distance
of 1140 kilometers of operational line and 29 stations (including 1 in
Angeles) along its route.
Figure 4. 1892 Route Map of Philippine  March 17, 1899 – President Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo transferred the
National Railways (PNR) Main Line North. seat of the Philippine government to Angeles for 4 months.
Source: Philippine Railways (2014).
 January 1900 – General Frederick D. Grant organized the first U.S.
Civil Government in Angeles by appointing a municipal mayor, thus it
was the beginning of American colonization in Angeles.
 1919 – Fort Stotsenburg was expanded to 156,204 acres from 7,700
acres a decade ago, and became the Clark Air Base. This was
centered on what is the Clark Air Base’s parade ground at present.
 December 8, 1941 – Japanese planes bomb Clark Field at the start of
World War II.
 January 1942 – Japanese soldiers invaded Angeles and converted it
Figure 5. Photo of Clark International Airport. as their hub due to proximity with Clark Field.
Source: http://www.clarkisit.com/clark-
 January 27, 1945 – The Americans liberated Angeles from Japanese
international-airport/.
invaders.
 March 14, 1947 – RP-US Military Bases Agreement was signed,
creating economic and population boom in Angeles.
 1960 – The North Luzon Expressway (NLEX), formerly known as

North Diversion Road, was built.
 January 1, 1964 – Angeles was inaugurated as a chartered city under
Republic Act No. 3700.
 August 2, 1968 and July 16, 1990 – Strong earthquakes rocked
Luzon.
 June 15, 1991 – Angeles City was devastated by the eruption of
Mount Pinatubo, with more than 60,000 people displaced and
evacuated from the city. The seat of the local government was
transferred to where it is situated at the present.
 November 26, 1991 – The U.S. Military turned over Clark Air Base to
the Philippine government.
 1993 – The former Clark Air Base was reopened as the Clark Special
Economic Zone (CSEZ) after the area was cleared from lahar debris
from the Mount Pinatubo explosion and a typhoon that followed and
during the administration of former President Fidel V. Ramos.
 2003 – Former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo renamed Clark
International Airport as the Diosdado Macapagal International Airport
(DMIA), in memory of her father who hails from the province.
 2007 – Based on an Asian Development Bank-funded National
Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) planning manual for
LGUs entitled “Guidelines on Provincial/Local Planning and
Expenditure Management”, Angeles City ranked second in terms of
population in Central Luzon.
 April 2008 – The Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX), which is
the Philippines’ longest expressway at 93.77 kilometers, started its
commercial operation.
 2012 – The Diosdado Macapagal International Airport was renamed
back to Clark International Airport.
Existing Conditions on Transport and Land Use Plans
The following is taken directly from the Area Economic Profile (2013) for
Angeles City, with discussions particularly focused on the infrastructure
development and transport plan of the city:
Transportation
Angeles City, due to its strategic location has a relatively significant

resident population and predominantly service economy. There is a
continuous movement of people and goods from one location to another.
Hence, it attracts a very large amount of inter and intra city traffic.
Consequently, the city continues to deal with its substantial demand for
transportation. Accessibility and mobility, therefore, are the city’s most
indispensable commitment.
Existing Transportation Systems
As of 2013, Angeles City has a total of 228,704 kilometers road length,

giving a road density of 3.609 kilometer for every square kilometer. Using
the city’s projected population data 2013, its kilometer road density per
1,000 population is 0.66 which is lower than the standard urban road
density of 2.4 kilometer per 1,000 population ratio. Furthermore, Angeles
City has a paved road ratio of 0.89.
The City Engineer’s Office continues to maintain, rehabilitate, pave, either

concrete or asphalt the city and barangay roads, while all roads and
bridges that are classified as national are under the jurisdiction of the
Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). In the aforementioned
data, there are still roads which are not reflected in the Angeles City Road
and Rural Road Inventory because these street/roads do not have Road
ID. In the city’s road network plan, there are proposed roads like the East
Circumferential Road and the Abacan River Road Corridor. This may
suffice for the city to meet the standard urban road density requirement.
MacArthur Highway is the oldest inter-regional highway that connects

Northern and Central Luzon provinces from the national metropolis. Its
original name was the Manila North Road but was renamed MacArthur
Highway, after it was concreted in the middle of the twentieth century. This
was the route traveled by the American Liberation Forces led by General
Douglas MacArthur from Pangasinan province to Manila when they
liberated the country from Japanese occupation forces. The Central Luzon
section of the MacArthur Highway starts at Kilometer 17+270 in
Figure 6. Bayanihan Park Rotunda along Meycauayan City in Bulacan and ends at Kilometer 168+275 in San
MacArthur Highway. Manuel, Tarlac, giving a total length of 151.005 kilometers. The 5.44-
kilometer portion in Angeles City starts at Kilometer 81+260 (boundary with
the City of San Fernando) and ends at Kilometer 86+700 (boundary with
Mabalacat City).
In 2007, the Traffic Engineering and Management Project Management

Office (TEAM-PMO) of the DPWH conducted a study for the proposed
MacArthur Highway Traffic Management System Project particularly in
critical sections and congested areas in Region III. The study reveals the
following typical problems, to name a few: lack or insufficient pedestrian
facilities, unregulated loading and unloading zones, and poor and/or lack of
road signs. In addition, there were identified nine (9) critical intersections
along MacArthur Highway under the DPWH’s Angeles Sub-District and
Figure 7. Jeepney and tricycle terminal along
these are (i) Sto. Rosario Street; (ii) Jesus Street; (iii) Magalang/Entierro;
M.A. Roxas Highway. (iv) De Guzman Street; (v) Magcalinis Street; (vi) Gueco Street; (vii) M.
Roxas/Clark Road; (viii) Dau Exit Road; and (ix) Sta. Ines Street.
The North Luzon Expressway (NLEX), formerly known as North Diversion

Road, is a limited-access toll expressway that connects Metro Manila to the
provinces of the Central and Northern Luzon Regions. It begins in Quezon
City specifically at a cloverleaf interchange with Epifanio Delos Santos
Avenue (EDSA), and then passes through Caloocan City and Valenzuela
City in Metro Manila, Meycauayan, Marilao, Bocaue, Guiguinto, Plaridel
and Pulilan in Bulacan, San Simon, City of San Fernando, Mexico and
Angeles City in Pampanga. The expressway currently ends at Mabalacat
and merges with the MacArthur Highway and the Subic-Clark-Tarlac
Expressway (SCTEX), which continues northward into the rest of Central
and Northern Luzon for the former and westward for the latter. This 88-
kilometer toll way has two sections: an open section that charges a flat toll
fee per vehicle class, and closed section which is distance-based, i.e. toll
fee is based on the class of vehicle and distance traveled.
The Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX) is a 94-kilometer four-lane

expressway that started its operation in April 2008. It serves as a direct and
exclusive road connection between major development areas of Central
Luzon (Subic, Clark, Tarlac). Its southwestern terminus is at the Subic Bay
Freeport Zone in Zambales, then passes through the interchanges with the
North Luzon Expressway near the Clark Special Economic Zone in
Angeles City, and Central Techno Park in Tarlac City, Tarlac; and its
northeaster terminus is in La Paz, Tarlac.
Public utility jeepneys (PUJs) and tricycles are the common modes of
transportation in the city due to the convenience and affordability they offer
to the public. There are four transport terminals which cater the outside city
limit PUJs: (1) SM Clark Terminal/Bayanihan Clark catering to the north
bound sector such as Angeles to Bamban, Capas, Concepcion, Mabalacat,
Madapdap, Sta. Lucia, Dau-Check point, Clark to Main Gate via Ex-Way-
SM and Dau to Maingate; (2) Jao Ville, Pandan Terminal caters to the East
Bound Sector such as Angeles to Arayat, Magalang, Mawaque,
Pandacaqui and SM Pampanga via Pandan; (3) Nepo Mart Terminal caters
to the West Bound Sector such as Angeles to Manibaug, Porac, Salu-
Balubad; and (4) Essel Park Common Terminal which caters to the South
Figure 8. Abandoned PNR-Angeles Station Bound Sector such as Angeles to Bulaun, San Fernando and Friendship-
(top) and portion of former rail line converted Telabastagan.
into a linear park (bottom).
A bus terminal is located at Marquee Mall which is 0.40 kilometers from
City Hall. This serves only as drop-off point of provincial buses going to and
coming from North Luzon.
Since 1989, the Philippine National Railway (PNR) has been trying to
revive the mainline north which will serve the provinces of Bulacan,
Pampanga, Tarlac, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, La Union and Ilocos.
The North Rail project is meant to decongest Metro Manila by providing a

fast, efficient and reliable mass transport system for people and goods
between Metro Manila and Central and North Luzon.
The project has two options. The first involves the reconstruction of the
existing 32.2 kilometer single track line into a double track using the PNR
line connecting Fort Santiago and Clark. Another option is a high-speed
rail, using the old PNR alignment or the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX)
alignment to connect Manila to Clark. The Philippine government is
pushing through with the development of the North Rail Project in time with
the plans of making Clark Airport as the country’s major gateway.
Clark International Airport (CIA) is the main airport serving the immediate
vicinity of Clark Freeport Zone (CFZ). This is being managed by the Clark
International Airport Corporation (CIAC), a government-owned and
controlled corporation and is currently being developed to be the country’s
major gateway.
As of the end of December 2013, CIA is averaging at least two hundred

sixteen (216) flights per week to both international and domestic
destinations. This caters various air carriers, among them are Air Asia of
Malaysia flying Clark to Hongkong, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Taipei-
Taoyuan, Davao, Kalibo and Palawan; Asiana Airlines of Korea flying Clark
to Busan, Seoul-Incheon in South Korea; Dragon Air of Hongkong flying
Clark to Hongkong; Jin Air of South Korea flying Clark to Seoul-Incheon in
South Korea; Qatar Airways flying Clark to Doha; Qatar Emirates flying to
Dubai and local carriers like Cebu Pacific Air flying Clark to Hong Kong,
Thailand, Macau, Singapore and Cebu; Air Philippines flying Clark to
Hongkong, Cebu, Kalibo and Davao and Tiger Air Philippines also flies
Clark to Davao, Kalibo, Hong Kong, Singapore, Bangkok. Aside from the
passenger airlines, CIA also caters to cargo airlines like FedEx, Pacific
Asia Cargo Airlines, Tri-Mg Intra Asia Airlines, UPS Airlines and Yangtze
River Express.
Development Opportunities and Constraints
The local government unit (LGU) of Angeles City had conducted SWOT
(Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) Analysis for the
preparation of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) and Zoning
Ordinance (ZO) of the city. The following are the development strengths
and opportunities as determined by the LGU:
 Strategic location within the province, region and Luzon;

 Proximity to Clark Freeport Zone;
 Availability of advanced infrastructure facilities;
 Advanced economic base and huge population stock;
 Transparent and development-oriented local governance;
 Talented and dedicated pool of local civil servants; and

 Skilled human resource base.
Once these strengths and opportunities are properly utilized or capitalized

on, the level of development in the city will be further enhanced. On the
other hand, development constraints that need to be addressed by the
local government include the following:
 Traffic congestion;
 Localized flooding;
 Riverbank erosion;
 Solid waste management;
 Influx of informal settlers;
 Declining environment quality;
 Land supply shortage; and
 Climate change and global warming (City Planning and Development
Office, 2014).
Figure 9. Politico-administrative map of Pampanga showing the major urban centers

and major transportation infrastructure facilities.
Sources: NEDA III RPFP (2006), DPWH LISR Study (2000).
Proposed Angeles City Transport Plan

Vision of the City
In the Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Zoning Ordinance 2010-2020 of

Angeles City, the formulated vision for the city is stated as follows:
“A globally-competitive city anchored on a strong domestic

economy driven and sustained by light and export industries that
are supported by modern infrastructure facilities, a center of quality
education and health services, the heart of tourism, trade and
commerce in Central Luzon, and a residential haven tranquil and fit
for healthy and sustainable living, and where empowered and
responsible citizens work in harmonious partnership with an
efficient, responsive and accountable local government.” (City
Planning and Development Office, 2014)
In relation to the vision statement of the city, a Proposed Transport Plan for
Angeles City is formulated, with the main goal of “providing effective
service to the people and promoting socio-economic development through
efficient transport planning for Angeles City.” The following are the
objectives of the proposed transport plan:
 To create linkages between major urban centers or developments

within the city through adequate road infrastructure;
 To facilitate the smooth circulation and traffic flow of both vehicles and
pedestrians within the city;
 To provide adequate transport facilities and infrastructures such as
terminals for public utility vehicles, parking slots, commuter facilities,
etc.;
 To link various transport options (private and public utility vehicles,
rail, airport, etc.) for the public; and
 To make Angeles City a welcoming and vibrant city for people and
tourists through efficient transport planning.
Multi-Nodal Urban Centers within the City
Several urban centers within Angeles City have been determined by the
local government unit. At the center of the city would be the Central
Business District (CBD) where some of the major national and city roads
pass through. Surrounding the CBD are urban growth areas that will
decongest the city center from heavy vehicular and pedestrian traffic by
dispersing urban activities towards these urban fringe. These growth
centers and corridors are the following areas:
Figure 10. Preferred multi-nodal development strategy for Angeles City

using radial and circumferential development urban form.
Source: Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Zoning Ordinance 2010-2020.
 Sto. Domingo Growth Center – Located at the southern part of

Angeles City adjacent to San Fernando City, it is predominantly
residential area with commercial and mixed use activities along the
MacArthur Highway and Angeles-Porac Road and also includes the
heritage district of the city.
 Pulung Maragul Growth Center – The seat of the local government of
Angeles City is located in this area, serving as a growth pole by
attracting urban development to its vicinities such as Sub-Urban and
Planned Unit Development (PUD) Estates. The area also serves as
Figure 11. View of Holy Rosary Parish from
the access point to the city from the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX)
Sto. Entiero Street.
through the Angeles City interchange.
 Balibago Growth Center – Comparable with the CBD in terms of
magnitude and level of urban development and services, the
commercial establishments along major roads in the area are the
biggest not only in Pampanga but in Central Luzon as well.
 Pampang Growth Center – The Angeles City Public Market or
Pampang Market is envisioned to serve as focal point in enhancing
the role of the market complex as a food trading and exchange center.
 Anunas Growth Corridor – Defined mainly by the development along
the Fil-American Friendship Road, this growth center has the biggest
concentration of lands for possible urban expansion of the city.
 Sapangbato Watershed Reserve – Located in the foothill of the
Mabalacat and Porac Mountains, this growth center is also under the
Figure 12. Angeles City Hall.
jurisdiction of the Bases Conversion and Development Authority
(BCDA) that must be managed and maintained its ecological balance
being part of the upper watershed area of Abacan River.
 Abacan River Special Development Corridor – Running from west to
east of the city, the river that separates the city into north and south
areas must be developed to fully integrate the said growth poles of
Angeles City (City Planning and Development Office, 2014).
References
Angeles City Local Government (2015). Official Website of Angeles City.
http://www.angelescity.gov.ph/.
_______________ (2013). Area Economic Profile 2013. Pampanga.
City Planning and Development Office (2014). Comprehensive Land Use

Plan (CLUP) and Zoning Ordinance 2010-2020 of Angeles City.
Pampanga: Progress Sentinel, Inc.
Department of Tourism (1998 March). Regional Tourism Master Plan for

Central Luzon (Region III): Final Report. City of Mandaluyong: Engineering
and Development Corporation of the Philippines.
Holy Angel University (2015). Official Website of Holy Angel University.

http://hau.edu.ph/.
National Economic and Development Authority (2007 August 30). “Building

Globally Competitive Metro Areas in the Philippines”. Devpulse: NEDA
Development Fact Sheet (2), Vol. XI.
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See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

Proposed Transport Plan for Angeles City, Pampanga

Preprint · May 2015

Glenn Orbon Kristina Mae Beltran

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

BELTRAN, Kristina Mae S.

ARCH 236 (Movement Systems)

The City of Angeles is a first class, highly urbanized area in Pampanga, a

Profile of Angeles City

 1796 – Don Angel Pantaleon de Miranda staked out a new settlement,

 1960 – The North Luzon Expressway (NLEX), formerly known as

Existing Conditions on Transport and Land Use Plans

Angeles City, due to its strategic location has a relatively significant

Existing Transportation Systems

As of 2013, Angeles City has a total of 228,704 kilometers road length,

The City Engineer’s Office continues to maintain, rehabilitate, pave, either

MacArthur Highway is the oldest inter-regional highway that connects

In 2007, the Traffic Engineering and Management Project Management

The North Luzon Expressway (NLEX), formerly known as North Diversion

The Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX) is a 94-kilometer four-lane

The North Rail project is meant to decongest Metro Manila by providing a

As of the end of December 2013, CIA is averaging at least two hundred

Development Opportunities and Constraints

 Strategic location within the province, region and Luzon;

 Talented and dedicated pool of local civil servants; and

Once these strengths and opportunities are properly utilized or capitalized

Figure 9. Politico-administrative map of Pampanga showing the major urban centers

Proposed Angeles City Transport Plan

In the Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Zoning Ordinance 2010-2020 of

“A globally-competitive city anchored on a strong domestic

 To create linkages between major urban centers or developments

Multi-Nodal Urban Centers within the City

Figure 10. Preferred multi-nodal development strategy for Angeles City

 Sto. Domingo Growth Center – Located at the southern part of

_______________ (2013). Area Economic Profile 2013. Pampanga.

City Planning and Development Office (2014). Comprehensive Land Use

Department of Tourism (1998 March). Regional Tourism Master Plan for

Holy Angel University (2015). Official Website of Holy Angel University.

National Economic and Development Authority (2007 August 30). “Building

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