Terminologies and Planning For Environmental Plan.

Land use Planning

- Rational and judicious development, utilization and management of
land resources in a sustainable manner to ensure the needs of the
present generation can be met without jeopardizing the needs of the
future generations.
o Municiopal-wide or general land use panning
o Poblacion or urban land use planning

Sustainable development
- meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising
the needs of the future generations

Land Use Plan

- Land allocation as equitably possible among competing groups for
different functions consistent with development plan

Comprehensive land use plan (CLUP)

- document embodying specific proposals for guiding, regulating growth
and development.
- A guide or framework for more detailed planning
o Interprets policies in the national and regional regulation
o Provides basis for medium term development planning,
investment programming and development regulation
o Establishes policies to guide the provision of infrastructure and
utility system
o Identifies ares which require greater attention

General land use plan

- non-urban scale uses such as croplands, forests, pasture lands,
mining/quarrying and swamplands

Urban Land use plan

- Concern with location intensity and amount of land development
required for various space-using functions such as residential,
commercial, industrial, institutional, recreation and other activities

Urban land use planning

- Allocation of land areas
- Involves regulating the location and intensity of activities
- Welfare
o Proper allocation of space for all land users to maximize the flow
of goods and service to meet growing human needs and
minimizing adverse environmental impacts
Urban areas
- Dense population – 500 per square kilometer

Urbanizable areas
 - Great potential of becoming urban within the period of 5 years

Urban form
- The way future population are organized and distributed over the
municipal territory

Urband land supply management strategies

- In-filling of vacant urban lands
o Vacant lands bypassed by development
- Densification of inner city areas
o Inner city areas may be underutilized but have the capacity to
accommodate higher density
- Urban renewal or redevelopment
o Redevelopment of slums and blighted areas
o For this to be sustainable, treatment should not be limited to
residential development. Job creation must also be incorporated
- Reclamation
- Agricultural land conversion

Urban land demand-management strategies

- Improved rural services
o Improving level of welfare urges the desire to the urban areas
might dampened
- New alternative centers
o If outward expansion is severely constrained
- Relocation of resettlement
o Effective way of decentralizing urban population

Zoning ordinance
- Implementing tool that provides the different land use districts of the
city/municipality.

Land Use Plan – how land shall be put into use in the next 5 years
Commercial Zone – Central business district.. trade, service business
purpose
Ecozone – special economic zone with potential development into agro-
industrial, industrial, tourist, commercial, banking, investment, finance
Buffer zone – outside the boundaries and immediate adjacent to the
protected areas that needs control to avoid harm
Base Map – map that provides standard configuration of the planning unit
for the preparation of the thematic maps

Real Estate Planning

- Agricultural, Industrial, Tourism, Residential, Commercial, Mixed Use,
Government Center, Academic Campus, Military

Zones
- Historical zone
- Urban Land Reform Zones
- Economic zones
 - University zones
- SEZ (Special Economic Zones
- (IE) Industrial Estate
- Export Processing Zone (EPZ)
- Free Trade Zone

Parks
- Industrial Parks
- Tourism Parks
- Theme Parks

Old Name of NHA – People’s Homesite and Housing Corporation

Types of Planning
- National, Regional, Local
- Economic, Social, Physical, Environmental.
- Short, medium and Long terms
- Allocative and Innovative
o Allocative of regulatory
 Concerned with coordination, resolves conflicts,
o Innovative
 For efficient functioning
 Improving of systems as a whole

LAWS
1984 constitution

Environment Protection and Natural Resources Laws

- RA 10587
o Environmental Planning Act of 2013
o Importance of environmental planning in nation-building
o Environmental Planning
 Section 4: Urban and regional planning, city planning,
town and country planning and human settlements
planning
 Multi-disciplinary art and science of analyzing,
specifying, clarifying, harmonizing, managing and
regulating the use and development of land and
water resources
 Section 5: Professional Services
 Professional services
o Development framework, CLUP
o Zoning, legal issuances
o Planning for territory
o Site development for particular need
  Preparing
o Feasibility studies
o Environmental assessments
o Institutional, legal systems
 Curriculum and syllabi for licensure exams
 Resource person, lecturer, arbitrator
 Ensuring compliance with environmental laws
- PD 1151
o Philippine Environmental Policy
 Section 4: Environmental Impact Statements
 EIA system (Environmental Impact Assessment)
 ECP – Environmental Critical Projects
o Heavy industries, Resource Extractive
Industries, Fishery projects, Major
infrastructures (dams, power plants,
reclamation, roads/bridges) golf course
 ECA – Environmental Critical Areas
o National parks, preserves, habitabts, tourists
spots, ancestral domain,
archeological/scientific interest
o Mangroves, coral reefs
o Prime agricultural lands, aquifer recharge,
water bodies (domestic, protected fisheries)
 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
 No ECP in ECA without ECC (Environmental
Compliance Certificate)
 Non-coverage
o ECPs in ECAs before 1982
o CBBE (Country-side business and barangay
entities
 If project is an ECP = do an EIS
 If project within ECA, submit (IEE) Initial
environmental Examination
 Procedural Flow
o Air Quality Management
o Water Quality Management
o Land Quality Management
o Natural Resources Management and
Conservation
 On fisheries, wildlife, forestry and
soils, minerals, energy and calamities
o Waste Management (LGU)
o Miscellaneous Provisions


- PD 1152
- PD 1586 / PRES PROC 2146
 o Establishing and EIS system (Environmental Impact
Assessment)
- RA 7586
o NIPAS (National Integrated Protected Areas System Act
of 1992)
 Secure existence of native plants and animals through
protected areas within national parks
 Strict Natural Reserve
 With an outstanding ecosystem, scientifically
important species, maintained undisturbed for
study
 Natural Park – maintained to protect nationally significant
natural features
 Wildlife Sanctuary – assures natural conditions to protect
species, biotic communities
 Protected land/seascapes – harmonious interaction of
man/land opportunities for public enjoyment, recreation
and tourism within area’s normal lifestyle and economic
activity.
 Resource Reserve – uninhabited area with natural
resources
 Natural Biotic Area – set for societies in harmony with
nature
 Buffer Zones – outside boundaries of protected area but
immediately adjacent. Control to minimize harm
 PAWB – Protected Areas and Wildlife division under
Regional Technical Directors
 Prohibited – hunting, destroying, and possession of
species without permit.
 Strict Protection Zone – high biodiversity, only for study
and ceremony
 Sustainable Use Zone – allowed natural resource use
through traditional, sustainable methods.
 Restoration Zone – habitats for rehabilitation
 Habitat Management Zone – threatened endangered
species
 Multiple-Use Zone – activities allowed by management
 Buffer Zone
 Cultural Zone – with significant cultural values
 Recreational Zone – sustainable eco-tourism, recreational,
education
 Resource Reserve – uninhabited but with natural resource
 Strict Protection Zone (SPZ) – high biodiversity
 Multiple Use Zone – consistent with management plan
- RA 9147
o Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act of
2001
 Collection of Wildlife – allowed if non-threatened species
 Possession of Wildlife – Not allowed unless entity has
financial and technical capability
  Establishment of Critical Habitats – outside NIPAS with
threatened species to be protected
 Sec 27 – Illegal Acts – killing/destroying, inflicting injury to
wildlife; dumping waste, occupying, mineral extraction,
burning, logging quarrying in critical habitats
- RA 9003
o Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
 Solid Waste – household, commercial, agri, insti, industrial
 Open dumpsite – indiscriminate throwing. Disposed
without due planning
 Controlled dumpsite - site in accordance with the
minimum prescribed standards
 Sanitary landfill – operated with engineering control over
significant potential environmental impacts
 National Solid Waste Management Commission
 Role of LGU – implement segregation and collection
of solid waste
 MRF (Materials Recovery Facility)
 Open Dumps – convert to controlled dumps after 3
years. No controlled dumps after 5 years
 Prohibited acts – littering and dumping in public areas,
open burning of solid waste, squatting in dumps and
landfills, open dumps, operations of landfills and aquifer

- RA 8749
o Clean Air Act of 1999
 Prevention rather than control
 Airshed –
 Ambient Air Quality Guidelines Values and Standards –
Tables on limits on pollutants
 Ban on incineration
 Pollution from smoking – prohibited inside public, enclosed
space, public vehicle
- RA 9275
o Clean water act of 2004
 Pollution prevention
 Water Quality Management Area – National Water
Resources Board (NWRB)
 National Sewerage and Septage Management Program –
sewage/septage treatment facilities for each LGU
 Domestic Sewage Collection, Treatment and Disposal
 Clean-up Operations
 Prohibited Acts – discharging and depositing pollutants
into water bodies

Environment and Natural Resources Laws

- PD 1067
o Water Code of the Philippines (1976)
 Banks and shores, rivers lakes and seas shall have
easement for public use
  3M – urban
 20M – agricultural
 40m – Forest areas
- RA 8550
o Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998
 Protection of fisherfolks
 Municipal Waters – marine waters up to 15 km from the
coastline
 Sec. 45 – tidal swamps, mangroves, marshes. Foreshore
lands and ponds suitable for fishery operations shall not
be A&D
 Sec. 51 – not more than 10% of surface are of lakes and
rivers allotted for fish cages and pens
- PD 705
o Forestry Reform Code of the Philippines
 Section 3
 Public Forest – unclassified Public Domain
 Permanent Forest/Forest Reserves – classified for
forest purposes
 A&D – classified, unneeded for forest
 Sec. 15 – no public domain 18% in slope or over shall be
classified as A&D. no forest land 50% in slope or over
classified as grazing land
 Sec 16 – forest purposes
 Areas less than 250 has from any A&D
 Isolated forest patches at least 5 has with rocky
terrain which protect a spring
 Reforested areas
 20m land strips along high waterline of rivers
 20m mangrove/swamland strips
 National parks

- RA 7942
o Philippine Mining Act of 1995
 Sec. 5 – mining for national interest
 Sec. 16 – no mining in ancestral lands without IP consent
 Sec. 19 – closed areas – under NIPAS

Economic Laws
- RA 8435
o Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997
 Sec 2 – Food Security
 Sec 3 – NPAAAD Network of Protected Areas for
Agricultural and Agri-Industrial Development
 All irrigated lands
 Alluvial lands
 Agro-industrial croplands
 Highlands with potential
  Mangroves and fish sanctuaries
 Sec 9 – not more than 5 % of all irrigated lands may be
converted
 Sec 10 incorporate SAFDZ (Strategic Agriculture and
Fisheries and Development Zones
- RA 7916
o Special Economic Zone Act of 1995
 For the preferential use of Filipino labor, domestic
materials and local goods
 SEZ (Special Economic Zones) – Ecozones. Potential/highly
developed areas with agro industrial, industrial,
tourist/recreational, commercial, banking investments,
finance centers. May have any of the following IEs, EPZs,
FTZs, Tourist Centers
 IE (Industrial Estate – for community industries
 EPZ (Export Processing Zone0- outside customs territory,
oriented to export production
 FTZ (Free Trade Zone) – goods are manipulated without
import duties
 Sec 11 – PEZA (Philippine Economic Zone Authority Board
– EPZA evolves into the PEZA
 Exemption from National/Local Taxes
 No tax for businesses/ 5% of gross income of firms
within goes to” 3% to national government, 2% to
LGU
- RA 9593
o Tourism Act of 2009
 Conserve/Protect heritage
 Sec 25: Philippine Tourism Authority to Tourism
Infrastructure and Enterprise Authority (TIEZA)
 Sec 37 – LGU should prepare local tourism development
plans
 Sec 59 – Tourism Enterprise Zones
 Contiguous territory
 Historical and cultural significance, environmental
beauty
 With access
 Sufficient size to bring investments
 Strategic location


Social Laws
- RA 8371
o Indigenous People’s Rights Act of 1997 or ICC indigenous
cultural communities
o Ancestral Domains – all belong
o Ancestral Lands – land occupied
o Certificate of Ancestral Domain/Land Title –
o Sec 7 – Rights
  To ownership
 To regulate entry of migrants
 To stay
 To develop
 To claim parts of reservations
 To return if displaced
o Sec 38 – National Commission on Indigenous People
o Sec 60 – Exemption from taxes – from Real Property Tax
- RA 7279
o UDHA (Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992)
o Sec 18 – Balanced Housing – 20% of total area/cost of the
project should go for socialized housing
o Sec 28 – Eviction and Demolition – esteros, railtoads tracks,
dumps, riverbanks, shorelines, waterways, public, sidwalks,
roads, parks and playgrounds
 With court order
o Sec 39 – LGU should implement UDHA
o Sec 43 – Socialized Housing Tax - .5% real property tax on the
assessed value of all lands in urban areas in excess of Php 50k
- BP 220
o Economic and Socialized Housing In Rural and Urban
Areas
- PD 957
o Subdivision and Condominium buyer’s protective decree
- PD 1216
o Open Space
 Parks, playgrounds, schools roads, worship, health
centers, hospitals, barangay centers,
 30% reserve for open space
Infrastructure Laws
- PD 6957 / RA 7718
o Act Authorizing Infra Projects by the private sector
o Sec 1.3
 BT – Build and Transfer
 BLT – Build, Lease and Transfer
 BOT – Build Operate Transfer
 BOO – Build Own and Operate
 BTO – Build Transfer and Operate
 CAO – Contract Add and Operate
 DOT – Develop Operate and Transfer
 ROT – Rehabilitate Operate and Transfer
 ROO – Rehabilitate Own and Operate
- PD 856
o Code on Sanitation of the Philippines
 Sec 13
 No washing within 25Mm of water source
 No wells within 25m of pollution souce
 No radioactive within 25m of water source
  No public water supply system allo physical
connection between its distribution system and that
of the other water suppy
 No booster pump direct from water distribution line
 Sec 90 Burial Grounds – none within 50m of rivers; at
least 25m from dwelling house
 Sec 91 - Burial – graves at least 1.5m deep

Institutional Laws
- EO 72 / EO 71
o LGU responsibility in land use planning and approval of
development plans
o Sec 1 – Cities and municipalities to prepare or update their CLUP
o Sec 2 – CLUPs of cities and municipalities are reviewed by the
province
 Provinces and highly-urbanized cities and independent
component shall be reviewed by HLURB
 CLUP – manila shall be reviewed by HLURB
o EO 71
 Cities and Municipalities assume the power of HLURB on
the following
 Approval of final subdivision schemes and
development plans of all subdivisions, residential,
commercial, industrial PD 97
 Approval of all economic and socialized housings
- RA 7160
o Local Government Code of 1991
 Sec 16 – General Welfare
 Sec 18 – power to generate and apply resources – taxes
 Eminent Domain – for public use
 Reclassification of lands
 If land ceases its economic feasibility
 15% highly urbalized
 10% component ities 1st to 3rd municipalitits
 5% 4th to 6th class
 Agri lands under CARP/CARL (RA 6657) not affected
 Zoning
 Sec 106
 Local Development Councils
 Sec 107 – Functions of Local Development Councils
 Sec 111 – Executive committee
 Sec 112 – Sectoral committee
 Sec 113 =- Secretariat
 Sec 114 – Relations of LDC to the sanggunian and regional
 Sec 232 – power to levy real property tax
 Sec 233 – rates of levy – not exceeding 1% of assessed
value for province. Not exceeding 2% for city
 Sec 235 – for special education fund – 1% on assessed
value
  Sec 236 – additional ad valorem tax on idle lands – not
exceeding 5% over basic tax
 Sec 237 – idle lands
 Agri land more than 1 has, ½ I uncultivated
 City/municipal more than 1000 sqm, ½ is unutilized
 Sec 271 : distribution of proceeds
 Provinve – 35% province, 40% municipal, 25%
barangay
 City – 70% city, 15% barangay equal distribution,
15% barangay location
 Manila – 35% metro, 35% municipal location, 15%
all barangays, 15% barangay location
 Sec 284” Allotment of Interal Revenue Tax
 40%
 Sec 285 Allocation to LGUs (each based on population
50%, land area 25%, equal sharing 25%)
 23% province
 23% cities
 20% barangays
 Sec 287 – Local development projects – no less than 20%
of IRA
- RA 9729
o Climate change act of 2009
 Sec 13 – National Climate Change Action Plan
 Sec 14 – Local Climate Change Action Plan
- RA 10121
o Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act
of 2010
 Sec 5 – National Disaster Coordinating Council renamed to
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
 DILG, -Preparedness
 DSWD, - Responese
 DOST, - Prevention and Mitigation
 NEDA – Recovery and Rehabilitation
 Sec 6 – Reviewed plan every 5 years
 Sec 9 – Office of Civil Defense
 Sec 10 – Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council
 Sec 12 – Local Disaster Risk Disaster and Management
Office
- RA 9184
o Government Procurement Reform Act of 2002
 Sec 5 – Competitive bidding
 Ads, Pre Bid, Eligibility., receiopts and opening of
bids, evaluation of bid, post qualification, awards
 Goods – materials, supplies equipment
 Head of Procuring
o NGA
o GOCC
 o LGU
 Sec 7 – all within approved budget
 Sec 30 – financial and technical qualification
 Sec 32 – lowest calculated bid
 Sec 33 – highest rated bid
 Sec 37 – notice of award
 15 days after lowest/highest responsive bid
 10 days after notice of award
 7 days after approval of contract, notice to proceed
 Sec 50 – direct contracting –
 Proprietary goods/source
 Critical components from specific supplier
 Exclusive dealer/manufacturer

Public Domain
- Agricultural, forests or timber, mineral lands and national parks
- Alienable and Disposable
o Agricultural land
- Non-Alienable
o Forests or timber
o Mineral land
o National parks

Concepts and Terms

1. Land Use Planning – rational and judicious development, utilization and

management of land resources
2. Sustainable Development – meet the needs now without compromising
the future
3. Land Use Plan – rational approach for allocation of land resources
4. CLUP (Comprehensive Land Use Plan) – document embodying
proposals for guiding, regulating and development. “Comprehensive”
encompasses geographical parts
a. LGU should prepare CLUP
b. A guide and a framework
5. General Land Use Plan – deals with non-urban large scale uses such as
croplands, forests, pasture lands, mining
6. Urban Land Use Plan –concerned with the location intensity and
amount of land development
7. Urban Land Use Planning – allocation of land areas for city life and
regulating the flow of goods and services
8. Urban Areas – cities with population density of at least 500 persons per
square kilometer
9. Urbanizable Areas – displays the potential to become and urban area
10.Urban form – The way population and acitivities are organized and
distributed
11.Urban Land Supply Management Strategies
 a. In-filling of vacant lands – convert it to some functional use
b. Densification of inner city areas – underulitilized
c. Urban Renewal or redevelopment – job creation and residential
development
d. Reclamation – bordering seashore
e. Agricultural land Conversion – use Das network of protected
agricultural lands as guide
12.Urban Land Demand-management strategies
a. Improved rural services –
b. New alternative centers
c. Relocation of resettlement
13.Zoning ordinance – implementing tool of the CLUP

LOCAL PLANNING SYSTEM

Local Planning in the Philippines

1. Local Poverty Reduction Action Plan
2. Solid Waste Management Plan
3. Local Shelter Plan
4. Small and Medium Enterprise Development Plan
5. Food Security Plan
6. Integrated Area Community Peace and Order and Public Safety Plan
7. Information and Communication Technology Plan
8. Gender and Development Plan
9. Tourism Development Plan
10.Disaster Management Plan
11.Revenue Generation Plan
12.Traffic Management Plan
13.SAFDZ plan
14.Plan for the Elderly
15.Forest Management Plan
16.Nutrition Action Plan

Rationalizing the Local Planning System

1. Planning Structure
2. Mandates
3. Information Base
4. Goal Formulation
5. CLUP
a. Long term
6. CDP
a. Multi Year
7. Tools to Implement the CLUP
8. LDIP
9. Monitoring and Evaluation
10.Getting it to work

Area Plans
 - Forest Management Plans
- Heritage Conservation Plan
- Coastal Resource Management Plan
- Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection plan
- Watershed Management Plan

Thematic Plans
- Local Poverty Reduction Action Plan
- Disaster Risk Reduction and Mangement Plan
- Gender and Development Plan
- Local Entrepreneurship Development Plan
- Culture and Arts Plan

System Plans
- Solid Waste Management Plan
- Rapid Transit System Plan
- Sewerage Master Plan
- Integrated Communication Technology Plan
- Open Space Network Plan

LGU as a corporate entity

- Represent
- Promote the general welfare
- Deliver basic services

Ecosystem Analysis
- Forest Land Use
- Coastal Planning Biodiversity
- Climate Change
- Disaster Risk Assessment
- Resource Mapping

Special Area Studies

- Ancestral Domain
- Green Growth
- Urban Design
- Heritage Conservation

GIS Tool Maps

- Land Classification Map
- Existing Land Use Map
- Baranggay Map
- Road Network
- Rivers and Streams
- Land Cover Map
- Land Form Map
- Slope Map
- Climate Map
- Geologic Map
- Multi-Hazard Maps
 o Fault Lines
o Flooding Hazard Map
o Erosion Map

Planning Structure
Political Component
- LDC (Local Development Council)
 Policy making body
 Deliberate and make decisions
o Local Chief Executive
o Punong Baranggays
o Congressman
o CSOs/PSO
- Local Sanggunian

Technical Structure
- Local Special Bodies
- Sectoral and Functional Committees
 Technical arm, supplies technical content
o Department Heads
o LPDO
o NGAs
o Private Sector

Sectoral Committees
- Social
- Economic
- Environment and Natural resources
- Infrastructure
- Institutional

Physical Plans
- National Framework for Physical Planning
- Regional
- Provincial
- CLUP

Terms
- PFP – Physical Framework Plan
- CLUP – Comprehensive Land Use Plan
- MTPIP – Medium Term Philippine Investment Plan
- PDP – Philippine Development Plan

CLUP implementing tools

 - Zoning
- Eminent Domain
- Public Investments
- Co-Management
- Tax Levies
- Schemes
- Indebtedness
- Income from National Shares

LOCAL PLANNING STRUCTURE

- Sanggunian
o Power to prescribe
o Power to appropriate funds
- Structure
o LDC in plenary
o Executive Committee
 Secretariat
o Sectoral
 Social
 Economic
 Infrastructure
 Institutional
 Environment and Natural Resources
- LDC function
o Formulate, coordinate, Evaluate
- Executive Functions
o Ensure implementation
o Attend immediate matters
o Formulate policies, plans, programs
o Take final action on special concern
- Sectoral function
o Provide data, define planning, provide analysis, conduct public
hearings, monitor and evaluate
- Secretariat
o Provide technical and admin support
o Assist documentation
o Other assistance

Planning Mandates of the Local Governments

Article xiii, section 1:

- The congress .. remove the cultural inequities by equitably diffusing
wealth. . . for the common good. The state shall regulate the
acquisition, ownership, use and disposition of property and its
increments
Acticle XII, section 6 – the duty of the state to propmote distributive justice
RA 7160
- Section 20
 o The LGU shall continue to prepare the CLUP through zoning
ordnances
- Section 447 /448
- - adopt a CLUP for the city/municipalility. Provided it shall be in
coordination with provinciao CLUP
- section 447 (2) Municipality
o enact zoning ordinances in consonance with the CLUP

CLUP - Policies (physical plan)

- Settlement policies
- Protection land policies
- Production land policies
- Infrastructure policies

CDP - multisectoral
- Social development component
- Economic development component
- Environmental management component
- Admin and financial component

Implementation Instruments
- Local Development Investment program
o Capital
o Non Capital
- Legislative Support measures

CLUP
- Private domain
- Ancestral domain
- Public domain
o Timber
o Mineral lands
o National parks
o Municipal waters
o Untitled A&D

Land Use Concept

- land suitability
- carrying capacity
- land use determinants

Sieve mapping – knowing how to do basic mapping overlay allows the planner
to identify what decision maps they really want
- aid in the making of GIS generated maps

Land Use planning – Structured Decision Making Process

 - where are we now?
- Where do we want to go?
- How do we get there?

CLUP is the end product of the Land Use Planning Process

- Written document with the profile of the community, vision and
strategies
- Consists of a map showing how the use of the land will be regulated
- Accompanied by Zoning Ordinance
- Steps
1. Organize
2. Identify the stakeholders
3. Set the vision
4. Analyze the situation
5. Set the goals and objectives
6. Establish Development Thrust and Spatial Strategies
7. Prepare the Land Use Plan
8. Drafting the Zoning Ordinance
9. Conduct Public Hearing
10.Review, Adopt and Approve the CLUP and ZO
11.Implement the CLUP and ZO
12.Monitor and Evaluate the CLUP and ZO

CDRA – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment

1. Collect the organize climate change and hazard information
2. Scope the potential impat of hazards and climate change
3. Develop the exposure database
4. Conduct a climate change vulnerability assessment
5. Conduct a disaster risk assessment
6. Summarize the findings

Reference Point – community’s goal, assessing the problem and proposing

solutions

CLUP contents
a. Four Policy Areas
b. Urban Form
c. Land Use Policy Framework

Policy Areas
- General Land Use Categories
o Life support system
o Space for living
 Road
o Space for making a living
- General Land Use Policy Areas
 o Protected Areas (Life support system)
 NIPdAS
 Non-Nipas
 Protected agricultural
 Environmental constrained
 Heritage sites
o Settlement Areas (Space for Living)
 Urban (town/centers)
 Rural (upland, coastal, lowlands)
 Indigenous people’s settment
o Infrastructure Areas (Roads, Exchange space)
 Transport network
 Social infrastructure
 Economic infrastructure
 Administrative support
o Production Areas (Space for making a living)
 Agricultural
 Croplands
 Fisheries
 Livestock
 Forestry
 Industrial
 Commercial
 Tourism
 Mining

URBAN Form Stereotypes

- Dispersed
- Galaxy of Settlements
- The Ring
- The Core
- Urban Star

Purpose of Policy Framework

- Consolidates and organizes all policy
- Facilitates translation of CLUP into zoning and other implementation
tools
- Ensures consistency of LGU policies with higher level of policies
- Reconcile conflicts

Policy Interventions
- Programs/projects – designed to produce output within defined time
- Service/non-project – activities that forms the part of the function of an
office
- Regulatory measures – law or ordinance

Land and Water use policies

 - Result of problem-solution matrix
- Inter-jurisdictional dialogue
- Relevant findings of studies
- Inter-agency consultation
- Upstream-downstream impact analysis
- Proposals in the draft CLUP

Water Use Zoning

o Maritime component of the territory
o Prevents conflict among users of the body of water
- Analyze the area
o Natural state
o Potential flushing
o High pollution load and no flushing potential
- Assess the requirements of users
o Requirement of quality
o Mobile activities
o Tolerance to other users
- Match and establish system of priority use

Water Use Zones

- Restricted use zone (swimming, diving)
- Exclusive use zone (Shipbuilding, sry-docking, seaport)
- Multiple use zone (fisheries, recreational, navigation)
- Waterfront use zone (Theme parks, fisherfolk’s housing, LGU complex)

Total Catchment Approach

- Understand the impact of upland activities
- Craft policies for the influence zone

Do a cost-benefit analysis
GAM (Goal Achievement Matrix)

CLUP planning Process

1. Organize
a. Organize the planning team
2. Identify the stakeholders
a. Primary – directly affected
b. Secondary – indirectly affected
c. Workshop
i. Venn diagram
ii. Power-interest grid
iii. Typology of stakeholder analysis methods
iv. Technology of Participation
v. Principles of effective consultation
3. Set the Vision
a. Outward looking
 b. Inward looking
4. Analyze the situation (Situational Analysis)
a. Review current plans
b. SWOT
c. Environmental assessment
d. Data Analysis
i. Temporal
ii. Spatial
iii. EP
iv. Land evaluation
v. RPA (Participatory Rapid Appraisal)
vi. Sieve Mapping
vii. Landscape Analysis/Evaluation
viii. Transect Survey
ix. SWOT
x. Carrying capacity analysis
xi. Committed Lands Analysis
xii. Market Forecasts
5. Set the Goals and Objectives
a. Ouputs and Impacts
b. Vision-Reality Gap
6. Establish Development Thrusts and Spatial Strategies
a. Generate thrusts
b. Formulate strategies
c. Evaluate strategies
d. Prepare structure plan
7. Prepare the Land Use Plan
a. Determine land suppy and demand
i. Increase use density
ii. Reclamation
iii. conversion
b. Formulate policies
i. Urban renewal or redevelopment
ii. Agricultural land reclassification
iii. Adaptive reuse
iv. Improved rural services
v. New alternative centers
vi. Relocation/resettlement
vii. Reversion of land zones
viii. Additiona infrastructure support services
8. Draft Zoning Ordinances
9. Conduct Public Hearings
10.Review, adoption, approval of CLUP and ZO
a. By local sanggunian
b. Approval of higher sanggunian and regulatory bodies (HLURB)
11.Implement CLUP and ZO
12.Monitor and Evaluate CLUP implementation

EP (Ecological Profile)
- A strong foundation for CLUP, CDP
- Provides basic inputs that reflects current condition
- Covers: economic, social, physical, institutional and environmental
aspects
- Enumerates environmental risks
- Identifies development challenges
- Outline
1. Intro: role
 History
 Overview and rationale
2. Geophysical Description
i. Geographical location
ii. Jurisdiction
iii. Barangays
iv. Topography and slope
v. Physiography
vi. Hydrology
vii. Climate
viii. Land use and land use pattern
3. Socio-Demographic Characteristic
a. Demography
b. Healthy=
c. Education
d. Social welfare and services
e. Housing
f. Sports and recreation
g. Safety and security
4. Characteristic of local economy
a. Livelihood and employment
b. Labor force
c. Family and income expenditure
d. Industry and services
e. Agriculture
f. Tourism
5. Infrastructure/physical development
a. Transportation
b. Power
c. Communication
d. Water supply
e. Solid waste management
f. Drainage and sewerage
g. Parks and opens spaces
6. Environment and Natural Characteristics
a. Biodiversity
b. Solid waste management
c. Air quality
d. Water quality
7. Institutional Development
a. Local govt. organization
b. LGU income
c. LGU legislation
 d. Admin and legal frameworks

History, Concepts, Theories and Principles of Environmental Planning

Planning
- Political process of translating social values into govt policies and
programs to pretect the welfare of the public

Environmental Planning
- art and science of analyzing, specifying, clarifying, harmonizing,
managing, and regulating the use of land and water in relation to the
environs for sustainable development (RA10587
- Management and Development of Land
Enrivonmental Planner
Registered and licensed to practice environmental planning

Environment – first used by Rachel Carson in “Silent Spring” 1962

Elements of environment – climate, natural vegeration, soil, water
- social, economic, cultural, political

Ekistics by Doxiadis
- Basic element of settlement
o Content (Man, Society)
o Container (Nature, Shells, Networks)
- Settlement Hierarchy
o Hamlet – 10-100
o Village – 100-2,500
o Small Twon – 2,500 – 25,000
o Large Town – 25,000 – 150,000
o Regional Center – 150,000 – 500,000
o Capital city – above 2M
- Ecumenopolis – earth is taken up by human settlement
- Megalopolis – conurbations, 10M people each
- Conurbation – group of large cities with 3-10M people
- Metropolis – large city – 1-3M people
- Large city – less than 1 but over 300,000 people
- City – 100k to 300k people
- Large Town – 20k to 100k
- Town – 1k – 20k
- Village – larger than a hamlet – 100 – 1k
- Hamlet – less than 100

History of Planning

Ancient Time – 400 B.C. in the fertile crescent (from Nile valley to tirgris and
Euphrates river)
- Rectilinear Plotting
- Eridu – oldest city
 - Damascus – oldest inhabited city
- Babylon – largest city with 80k inhabitants
- Khirokitia – in Cyprus 5,500 BC first documented settlement with
streets
- 3000 BC – Egyptian Civilization, cities along the NILE river
- 2500 BC – Indus Valley (Pakistan)
- 1900 BC – Yellow river of china
- 800 BC Beijing
- Polis – city state
- Acropolis – relationship between building and nature
- Hippodamus of Miletus – Father of Town Planning
o Gridiron Pattern – rectangular street system
o Agora – Central Marketplace
- Vitruvius – treatise “de arkitectura”
- Aqueducts
- Basilica – covered markets, law courts
- Curia – local meeting hall, the capitol
- Domus – house
- Insulae – 3-6 storey apartment with storefronts.

Medieval
- Sienna and Constantinople – riseof the church
- Feudalism
- Mercantilists cities

Renaissance – rebirth
- Arts and architecture
- Geometrical forms of cities
- Karlsruhe – Germany
- Versailles – France
- Leonardo da Vinci – Codex Atlanticus
- 1844 – Arturo Soria Y Mata – Linear City
- King Philip’s city guide
o Pueblo (civil)
o Presidio (military)
o Mission (religious)
- Savannah – largest officially recognized historical district

History and Foundation

Pre-Colonial
Spanish Colonial
- Plaza Complex
- 1596 – spatial segregation
o cabeceras
o ciudades
 o plaza
o Intramuros – 1.2 sq km

Americans 1900
- Burnham
- 1910 – rebuilding settlements
- 1928/1940 – zoning ordinace for manila promulgation
- July 31, 1903 – act no 183 – manila incorporation
o Manila as chartered City
 Binondo, Tondo, Sta. Cruz, Malate, Ermita, Paco, Pandacan
 190,000 population

Theories of Planning and Environmental Planning

- Theories
o Rational-Comprehensive approach
o Incremental approach
o Transactive approach
o Communicative approach
o Advocacy approach
o Equity approach
o Radical approach
o Humanist or phenomenological approach
- Typologies
o Traditional
o Democratic - Participatory process
o Equity/Advocacy – wider range of choices for the residents
o Incremental/Non planning – mixture of intuition and experience
realty
o Technocratic and traditional planning – science and rationality
o Socialist theory – power and benefit for the poor
o Liberal theory – maximize individual freedom

Rolesof Environmental Planners

- Robert Owen 1771 – 1858
- Tony Garnier (1868- 1948)
- Frederick Law Olmstead
o Conservationists and the park movement. Open space
- Ebenezer Howard - garden city of tomorrow
o Garden cities
o Influence by James Sick Buckingham; Alfred Marshall
o Followers:
 Sir Frederick Osborne
 Raymund Unwin
 Barry Parker
 Ernst May – Germany city planner and architect
- The City Beautiful Era (1900 – 1945)
o Grand formal designs, wide boulevards, civic spaces, arts
 o Daniel Burnham – Father of American City Planning
 To impress, for display
 Wrote “Chicago Plan” – centro-centrist
o Baron George Eugune Hausmann – Paris-Linear connection
- Urban Theorist
o Constantinos Aposlou Doxiadis – Greek architect and town
planner.
 Father of ekistics
 Ekistics grid – planning as a science
 Science of human settlement
- New Communities Movement (1920s)
o Creation of neighborhood centers
o Clarence Stein, Lewis Mumford, Frederick Lee Ackerman
o Christopher Alexander
o Alker Tripp
 Town planning and Traffic
 Precintual principle: Reconstruct cities: base it on precints
 Hierarchy of raods
o Clarence Stein
 Radburn Idea (New town idea) – create superblocks
around open spaces which are interconnected. Greenways
are the pedestrian ways
 Cul-de-sac grouping
 Interior parklands
 Separation of vehicles and pedestrians
 Park walks
- Town and Country Planning of Britain
o Clarence Perry 1929 – cohesive neighborhoods
o Patrick Geddes – Survey before Plan
 Father of Modern Town Planning
 Survey before plan
- Regional City – survey resources
 Outlook tower – regional analysis
 Wrote “Cities of Evolution” coined the term conurbation
(conglomeration of town aggregates)
 Inflow – build up- backflow-sprawling mass
o Patrick Abercrombie
o Lewis Mumford – Culture of Cities” – bible of regional planning
 The Future of Technics and Civilization
 Polytechnic and Monotechnic
o P.G.F. Le Play (Pierre Guilaume Frederic le Play)
 Relationship between human settlement and the land
 Place-Work-Folk
- Modern Architecture and Planning
o Charles Eduoard Jeanneret “Le Corbusier”
 Urban planner on a grand scale
 Unite d’habitation
 La Ville Radieuse (1933) (radiant city) decongest the
centers of cities by increasing densities
  City between democracy and the market
 City of Tomorrow 1922 and the Radiant City
o Lucio Costa (20th century)
 Brasilia – biggest planning exercise of the 20 th century
o Frank Lloyd Wright – wrote “The disappearing city” and
“Broadacres”
 Homes would be connected by super highways
 Out-of-town shopping center
o Jane Jacobs – “the death and life of the great American cities”
 Urban renewal – do not overcrowd buildings
o Paolo Soleri – The arcology alternative
o Edgar Chambless – Motopia – traffic along rooftops
 Continuous network of buildings
o Metabolism Group – underwater cities
o Kiyonori Kikutake – floating city
o Barbican City – all amenities in one compound with multi-level
circulation patterns

ZONING
- Division of the community into zones (residential, commercial,
industrial, institutional, etc)
- The translation of CLUP into a legal tool
- Binding and enforceable legal document that contains rules and
regulations, systems and procedures and incentives or sanctions
- Elements
o Zoning Ordinance
o Zoning Map
- Classifications
o Residential Zone
 R1 - Low density, R2 - medium and R3 - High density
o Commercial Zone
 Commercial 1,2,3 and General Commercial
o Institutional Zone
 Industrial 1,2,3
o Agricultural Zone
o Forest Zone
o USE
 Institutional, Tourism, Parks and Open Space, Agricultural
Zone, Agro-Industrial Zone, Forest Zone
o Overlay Zones
 Urban Corridor Special Development Zone
 Historical Development Zone
- Regulations
o Permitted, permissible, prohibited
o District regulation: height, area, bugger, easement
- Scope
o Density Controls – restrictions and incentives
o Open Space Requirements – PLO – percentage of lot occupancy
 o Population Controls – Gross Floor Area and Floor Area Ratio
controls
- Mitigating Devices
o Variances
 Discretionary permit to proceed despite non-compliance
 Undue hardship on the proponent (neither self-
created nor self-imposed)
 Will not defeat the purpose and objectives of the
ordinance
 Will not disturb the peace and quiet.
 Will not alter the character of the district
o Exceptions
 Authorized but not Normally not allowable under
ordinance
 File an application with attaching support
 Consent from adjoining property owners
 Public hearing must be conducted
o Certificates of Non-Conforme
- Permits issued by ONLY by – LOCAL ZONING BOARD OF APPEALS (LZBA)
o Administrative regulatory agency of LGU
 Mayor
 Legal Officer
 Assessor
 Engineer
 Planning and Development Coordinator
 2 representative of private sector
 2 representative of non-government organization
 SB committee chair on Land Use
- LZRC (Local Zoning Review Committee)
o Planning and Development Coordinator
o Health officer
o Agriculturist
o President of the association of Brgy captains
o Engineer
o CENRO (community environment and natural resources officer)
o (MARO) Municipal Agrarian reform officer
o District school supervisor
o 3 Private sector representatives
o Housing Industry and Homeowners Assoc
o 2 NGO representatives
Open Zone
- Similar to the nature of parks and recreation zones
- Non-agricultural character
Mock Exam
1. Anthropological area
2. Cultural properties
3. NCCA maximum days of submission

4. Heritage zone who?

5. Small area for protection of national significant
6. Large area not materially altered not all
7. Municipal Development Council
8. Creation of municipality criteria
9. Creation of HUC criteria
10.BLGU devolve power
11.LGU ira share, how much 40
12.PLGU share from real property tax 23
13.PLGU responsibility on mineral resources
14.Maximum tax imposed by Pand MLGU
15.Border conflict by province
16.Procurement activity (first)
17.BAC head qualitifcation
18.Procurement where observers are required
19.Most transparent manner of procurement
20.Standard procurement process
21.Complaint against invalid contract awarding
22.Document for the winning bidder
23.Document to start for the winning bidder
24.Environmental Risk assessment
25.Environmental Impact assessment
26.Logical framework
27.Feasibility study
28.What is appraisal in program management
29.Monitoring?
30.Evaluation
31.Feedback
32.Investment phase
33.Implementation plan?
34.Review of SB to the municipal budget, how many days?
35.Document of the start of the budgeting season
36.Municipal budget, who prepares
37.LGU annual fiscal plan
38.Guide of planner in ensuring fiscal plan is responsive to the
development agenda
39.Budget document that president submits to the congress
40.National agency that involves in the appropriation of government
funds
41.Municipal funds accountant, who?
 42.Accounts maintained in the municipality
43.Funds restricted for disbursement per LGC
44.National agency that provides technical assistance to LGU for public
investment
45.Property taxes collector in the province
46.Environmental management as per EO 192 office, who?
47.Land use map approver
48.Line of agency that authorize small scale mining areas
49.FAO standard for residential
50.Who approves CLUP

NFPP – National Framework for Physical Planning

NLUC – National Land Use Committee
SAFDZ – Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones
FMB – Forest Management Bureau
FSDZ – Fisheries Strategic Development Zones
GAM – Goal Achievement Matrix
HUC- Highly Urbanized Cities
IAC – Indigenous Ancestral Committee
ICC – Independent Component Cities
IPAS- Integrated Protected Area System
IPP – Investment Priority Plan
LDIP – Local Development Investment Program
AIP – Annual Investment Plan
NPAAAD – Network of Protected Agricultural and Agri-industrial Areas for
Development

Stocks to Watch
BDO leasing & finance
Concrete aggregates 74

Exam Notes

- Walter Christaller (Central Place Theory)

- Urban Bid-Rent Theory by Alonso, Muth and Mills – mono-centric cities
(a spatial planning)
o Center has the highest value
- Ernest Burgess Concentric Model (1925)
- Pierce F. Lewis “Galactic City”
- Multiple Nuclei model of Harris and Ullmann (1945)
- Homer Hoyt
- Sector Model – pattern of radial or axial growth along lines of least
resistance
- Jean Gottman – megapolis as an extended supersized urban area
- Regional Planning – deals with efficient placement of activities and land
uses such as farms, settlements, industries, transport hubs,
infrastructure, wilderness across a large area broader than a single city
- Cumulative Causation – increased demand in expanding centers spur
additional investments
- Backward linkage – development of auxiliary industries to supply input
- Diagonal – services that cut across varied types of firms such as
security, banking, insurance, courier etc.
- Super region- northern Luzon quadrangle
- John Friedman – taxonomy of regions – Lagging Regions (Special
Problem Areas)
- Developmental – develop new industries
o Industrial estate – to advance
o Promotional – to improve or increase level of industrial activity.
- Agropolis/agropolitan approach – urban development promotes rural
development and vice versa (John Friedman)
- RA 100066 (National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009)
- GIS (Geographic Information System) – computer system consisting of
software and hardware components that are used to organize, store,
process, analyze and display multiple layers of spatially-referenced
information about geographically located features.
- Type of forest
o Dipterocarp – old-growth forest that is dominated by broad-leaf
trees which forms thick canopy allowing little sunlight.
- EO 26
- Kevin Andrew Lynch 1961 – mental map as we navigate the city
- Philippine Zoning Code of the Philippines
- Colors of zoning map
o Violet – industrial
o Blue – institutional
o Orange – Tourism
- Computation of FAR
- Land subsidence – reduction in subsurface fluid pressures within
sedimentary layers
- Water body – class C – suitable for irrigation, livestock watering, farm
operation but not for human drinking
o Class AA – residential faucet water
- National standard of Dissolved Oxygen is 5 mg/L
- Sewerage – system or network of pipelines, ditches, canals, channels
or conduits which involves collection, transport, pumping, treatment
- PD 1096 National Building Code of 1977
- Medium Term Philippine Development Plan 2011 – 2016
- RA 7192 – integration of women as full and equal partners of men in
development and nation building
- RA 9710 – magna carta of women
- Pareto Optimality – project should not make one person better off at
the expense of others
- Walt Rostow’s “theory of economic modernization in linear stages
(1960)
- Alfred Marshall (1897) – knowledge, intellectual capital constitute the
chief engine process of the economy
- Millenium Development Goal
- Inverted U hypothesis
 - Nobel Prize Laureate for Economics – Gunnar Myrdal – the rich get
richer and the poor get poorer
- Gini Coefficient – gauge of income inequality
- Raleigh Barlowe (1958) Conventional Land Economics
- RA 6930 – cooperative
- RA 9501 (May 23, 2008) medium-scale enterprise
- RA 9593 – Tourism Act of 2009
- RA 9072 – National Caves and Cave resources Protection and
Management Act of 2002
- Michael Porter – Suppy Chain management
- Economic Base Model by Richard klostermann
- Location Quotient
- Environmental Economics
- Ecological Economics
- Murphy’s Law –if something can go wrong, eventually it will go wrong
- Gantt Chart – allocates time among various tasks
- Logical Framework
- Polluter Pays Principle
- Precautionary Principle - if activities will lead to threats of irreversible
damage to environment… action shall be taken to avoid the threat
- Writ of kalikasan – right o balance ecology by (writ of amparo, kalinga,
mandamus, habeas corpus)
- RA 6969 – Toxic Substances and Hazrdouse and Nuclear Wastes control
of 1990

Types of Maps
1. Topgraphic Map – elevation points
2. Land classification Map - alienable or disposable, timber, forests
3. Land cover map – extent of vegetation cover
4. Legal status map – reservation covered by DENR, protected areas
5. Slope Map – slope category
6. Present Land Use and Vegetation Map – land uses, agricultural
7. Protected areas for agricultural map – restricted areas from conversion
8. Key production map – areas suitable for agri or activities
9. Geographic flow of commodity map – production market areas
10.Road Network Map – existing road networks
11.Geological map – subsoil, faultline, rock types
12.Seismic hazard map – hazard and danger zones
13.Existing land use map – city distribution
14.General Land use plan – proposed land use
15.Zoning map – proposed land use for buildable areas, urban

Augment Supply
- Infilling
- Densification
 - Urban Renewal/Redeveloment
- Reclamation
- Agricultural Land Conversion

Then
- Improve rural services
- Opening of alternative growth centers
- Relocation or resettlement

Spatial Strategies
- Do nothing

Total Fertility Rate

- how many births on average a woman might have.
Mortality
- deaths in a population
Crude Death Rate -
Infant Mortality Rate – D<1/B times 1000
Maternal Mortality Rate – MD/B times 100,000 (MD maternal death in a given
year)
Life Expectancy
Population Growth Momentum – inherent tendency for population to continue
to grow

SOCIAL SECTOR
- Education, Health, Housing, Services, Sports and Recreation

Education
- Student-Teacher Ratio – Enrollment /Teachers
- Student-classroom – Enrollment/ Classroons
- School buildings – Type1, Type2, Type3, Type4, Type5
- Space –
o Pre school – 500 sqm minimum – 4 classes
 Needs open space not more than 200 meters walking
distance from school
 1 ½ sqm per child
o Elementary
 ½ hectare for non-central
 1 has for central
 2 has 7 to 9 classes
 3 has – 10 to 12 classe
 4 has more than twelve classes
 Rural Area
 ½ has for central with 6 classess
 non-rural 3-4 classes.
 1 ½ has for 7 to 10 classes
  2 has for more than 10 classes
 Urban
 ½ has for central with 6 classes
 non-central with 7-10 classes
 ¾ has for 11 to 20 classes
 1 has for 21 or more classes
o College
 500 or less students .5 has
 501 to 2000 – 1 has
 1001 to 2000 – 2 has
 2001 – 3000 – 3 has
 7 has for minimum of 10,000 students

Sprague Multiplier
Interpolation Technique – assumes that each of the individual age in the age
bracket contributes equally to the total population of that specific age bracket

Enrollment Participation Ratio – no of enrollees by level/school going age

population of relevant age times 100

Computation of Drop out Rate

- Enrollment in Y1 – Enrollment Y2/ Enrollment Y1 times 100

Linear Regression Analysis

- Y = a + bx
- Y – enrollment
- B – increase in enrolment per year
- X # of years from base year
- A – enrolment during the base year

Health and Sanitation

- health resources, burial grounds, solid waste and wastewater facilities
- Crude death rate – number of deaths x 1000/population
- Projected number of deaths x population / 1000
- Participation rate – number of burial permits/number of deaths times
100
- Projected area requirement for burial grounds = projected # of deaths
times participation rate

Solid waste management

- Area needed = amount (kg/year)/Density (kg/m3) times residence time
(year)/landfill depth (m)
- Select the site

Health center
- Barangay health center
- Main health center
- City Health Center
- Municipal Hospital
- Secondary care district
 - Tertiary care district
- Tertiary care provincial
- Tertiary care regional
- Medical center
- Government hospital
- Private hospital
- General hospital
- Teaching and training hospital

Cemetery
- 20 meters from dwelling unit
- 50 meters either side of the river or water source
- not in recharged aquifer, high water
- not located in flood hazards
- away from watersheds

Sanitary land fills

- 1 km away from public water
- 75 meters from fault lines
- 50 meters away from perennial stream, lakes or rivers

Controlled dumpsites
Sewerage disposal
- at least 25 meters away from shallow wells and 15 meters away from
deep wells
- 120 meters depth bedrock
- 120 meters away groundwater below the disposal field

R 6972 – DAY CARE center

- Every 500 families must have 1 day care center

RA 7876 – Senior Citizen center

Protective Services
- police, fire, jail
- Service
o Traffic, peace and order, disaster, auxiliary service
- Police Ratio
o 1 police/500 persons – ideal
o 1 police / 1000 persons – minimum
- Fireman ratio
o 1:2000
o Fire Truck 1:28,000
o Fire truck to fireman 1:14
- BJMP
o Guard to inmate – 1 guard/5 inmates – ideal
 o 1 guard / 7 inmates – minimum

stopped at page 138

Economic Sector
- Agriculture
o Bureau of Soils and water Management (BSWM)
o Grazing land – at least 70% of the area not a slope of more than
50%
- Commerce and Trade
o CBD, commercial strip,
o Rate of increase = current rate of establishment – previous no of
establishment over no of years between current year and any
yaey x # of establishment in the previous years
o Neighborhood center – 740 meters or 15 min travel on foot
(max)
o Minor CBD – 12 kms, 15-30 mins travel by public transport
o Major CBD – 45 mins to 1 hour travel from the farthest by public
transpot
o From hospital – 300 miters or 10 – 20 mins travel time
o From police station – 5 mins travel time
o From fire station 3-5 mins travel time
o From garbage disposal – 5 to 10 km
- Industry
o Industrial area requirement – population x standard area per
1,000 population
o Industry classification
 Micro industry - 150
 Cottage industry -150 – 1.5m / less than 10 workers
 Small-scale – 1.5 -15. / 10-99 workers
 Medium-scale – 15 – 60M / 100-199 employess
 Large – scale – above 60M – 200 more employees
o Pollutive
 Light – non-hazardous
 Medium – hazardous
 Heavy – extremely hazardous
- Tourism
o Local Quotient – employment (in an economic activity)total
employment over employment in the province / total
employment in the province
o If the LQ is less than 1, the city is less specialized in the sector
that the province. There is less concentration of the activity in
the LGU compared to the province
o If equal to 1 both the city and the province thave the same level
of specialization
o EBM (Economic Base Multiplier) = Total employment /
employment in the basic sector
- Industrial Classification
 o Primary – agri, natural resource-based
o Secondary – manufacturing, utilities, construction
o Tertiary – trade services, finace, real estate economic activities

Infrastructure Sector
- Transportation
o Roads
 National, provincial, city, barangay, alley, footpath
- Power
o Number of household served over total number of households
times 100
o Future power requirement = no of projected establishment x
average consumption rate/year
o Connection
 Domestic, industrial, commercial, institutional, agricultural
streetlights
- Water
o NSDW – national standards for drinking water
o Classficication
 AA – water with watersheds
 A – public water
 B – recreational water
 C – fishery water
 D – agri
- Information and Communication Technology
- Ahwahnee Principles – smart growth movement and new urbanism
- Impervious surface – pavement
- Philippine Institute of Environmental Planners (PIEP) – AIPO
- RA 9710 – Magna Carta for Women of 2009
- RA 8371 – IP
- RA 10066 – National Heritage Act of 2010
- RA 9184 – Procurement
- RA 9729 – climate change
- EO 481 – Organic Agriculture
- RA 6977 – Magna Carta for Small Enteprises
- RA 9501 – Amendment for small enterprises
- RA 6541 – National building code
- RA 9522 – territorial Sea

Baseline information for EIA

- Physical
o Climate
o Terrain
o Hydrology
o Oceanography
o Atmosphere
- Biological
o Fish and wildlife
 o Vegetation
o Land and resource use
o Sonic and visual conditions
- Socio-economic aspects
o Existing lifestyles
o Demography
o Employment
o Facilities
o Income
o Transportation and communications facilities
- Physical and chemical
o Surface water
o Ground water
- Ecological effects of the project
o Terrestrial species and habitats
 Vegetation
 Wildlife
o Aquatic species and habitats
- Aesthetic effects of the project
o Soil
o Air
o Water
o Flora and fauna
o Man-made objects
o Composition
- Methods of analysis of impacts
o Professional judgment
o Quantitative mathematical models
o Experiments, physical models
o Case studies

Impact Prediction
- Identification of potential changes in indicators of environmental
receptors
- Identify the magnitude and other dimensions of identified change in
environment as a result of a project activity in comparison with the
situation without the project
Impact evaluation
- Identify the relative significance of the potential impacts identified
Criteria
- Magnitude and likelihood of the impact
- Spatial and temporal extent
- Degree of recovery of the affected environment
- Level of public concern of the impact
- Political repercussion of the impact

Environmental Management Plan

- Enhance the beneficial impacts and to lessen effects of adverse
impacts
Monitoring
- Baseline Monitoring
- Compliance monitoring
- Effects or impact monitoring
Environmental Audit
- Systematic and documented verification process of objectively
obtaining and evaluating evidence to determine whether the
environmental performances of the establishemtns due diligence in
preventing detecting and correcting violations

Limitation of SEP (Socio-Economic Profile)

- Simple snapshot of the area at a given point in time. Precludes any
appreciation of change
- Geographical distribution of data is not consistently shown.

Ecological profile is a merger of the socioeconomic and biophysical profiles

Who is responsible for the EP?
- Local Planning and Development Coordinator
Sources of Data for EP
- Inventories
- Surveys
- Census
- CBMS
Ecological Profile 5 development sectors
- Population and Social Services
o Population projection
o Age distribution
o Sex composition
o Marital status
o Age dependency
o PWD
o Population density
o Population growth
o Population size
o Migration

- Local Economy
o Primary
o Secondary
o Tertiary
- Physical and Infrastructure
o Inventory of land and land use
o Preparation of thematic maps
 Boundaries
 Land classification
 Slope
  Elevation
- Environmental management and natural resources
o Natural resources inventory
o Inventory of existing mitigation
o Human pressures, threats
- Institutional
o Organizational structure of the LGU
o Staff of LGU
o Fiscal position of LGU
o Inventory of outputs
o Local special bodies
o Civil society participation
o NGA

Notes on the Mock exam

- PD 1308
- Ebenezer Howard – city beautiful movement
- Albert Guttenberg

Reading List
- The wealth of nations by Adam Smith