Q. No. MM - 824 / 0 3 g B. Tech./Even 2016-17/Reg 2016-17 SECONDARY STEEL MAKING MM - 824 Full Marks : 70 Time : Three Hours The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Answer of a particular question should be written in the same place. ‘Question No. 1 is compulsory and any four from the rest. 1. Answer all the questions. Give reasons for each within two sentences. 5x2=10 (a) Favorable conditions for efficient removal of sulphur (i) high basicity high oxygen potential (ii) low basicity low oxygen potential (iii) low basicity high oxygen potential (iv) high basicity low oxygen potential (b) Match the practices in Group I with reactors in Group IL. Group I Group IT P. Stainless steel making 1. Ladle furnace Q. Oxygen injection through supersonic nozzle 2. Electric are furnace BT.O. W/i4/45-50(2) R. Aluminium wire feeding 3. AOD S. Eccentric bottom tapping 4. LD converter (c) Complex deoxidiser generally forms deoxidation products. (d) The concentration of H, in steel is reduced by injecting ________ in a vacuum chamber. (e) In continuous casting of liquid steel, the mould is made of 2. (a) What is sulphur partition coefficient? Assume that the initial concentration [W,] of sulphur in liquid steel is 0.02% and it is to be brought down to 0.001%. Let the mass of steel is 150 T and that of slag is 2 T. Calculate the equilibrium partition coefficient for sulphur. 243=5 (b) Why do strong deoxidizers like Al, Ti and Zr exhibit a minimum solubility of oxygen? Explain in terms of interaction coefficient. 6 (c) What are the advantages of complex deoxidizers with respect to simple deoxidizers? 2 (d) Why manganese is a weak deoxidizer? 2 3. (a) What is CELOX probe and how does it measure the oxygen concentration in liquid steel? 244 (b) Why do we define mixing time as 95% of bath mixing (Twicos%) 2 2 (c) Calculate the rate of circulation of molten steel through vacuum chamber in the RH degassing (3) process to lower the hydrogen content of steel from 4.5 to 1 ppm in 20 minutes. Assume that the molten steel attains equilibrium with respect to hydrogen inside the vacuum chamber. Given: 1. log Ky = 42.409 where T is temperature in Kelvin. 2. Temperature is 1577°C; weight of the steel in the ladle is 50 tonnes. Pressure inside the vacuum chamber is 0.1 milliatmospheres. 3. Composition of the steel : C = 0.05%, Cr = 5%, Ti = 0.5%, Ni = 2% and rest is Fe. 4. eG =0.04, eff =0.005, ef’ =0 and Fs efi =-0.22. 7 4. (a) What is meant by the term Cleanliness of steel? What are possible areas through which Oxygen, Nitrogen and Hydrogen can be picked up by the steel? Describe the principle of vacuum degassing and application of Sievert’s law. What compulsions led to the development of Secondary Steel making Processes? 10 (b) An operator in a steel plant wants to reduce the phosphorus level in steel by treating it with an appropriate slag. The equilibrium phosphorus BLO: W/14/45-50(4) distribution ratio between slag and liquid steel i.e., (wt% PYstag/ [wt% P],,a1 18 100 for the chosen slag composition. Assume before the treatment, the steel contains 0.2 wt% P. If the operator treats the 1000 kg of liquid steel with 100 kg of slag. Calculate the resulting phosphorus content of liquid steel after dephosphorization of liquid steel. Ss 5. (a) What is Optical Basicity? How Optical Basicity is measured in transparent media? Wat2%e (b) Composition of slag in weight percent is as follows MnO = 4, CaO = 50, Al,O, = 35, SiO, =8 and FeO = 3 Calculate the optical basicity of slag. Optical basicity of various species is given below : Aging 29-95, Acag =1.0, Agno, = 9-66, gio, =047 and Ajeo = 0.94. 6 (c) What is sulfide capacity? Derive the relation between sulfide capacity and phosphate capacity. 2+3=5 6. (a) How can you refine a high carbon Fe-Cr-C melt in an AOD converter? Explained the physico- chemical principle involved. 6 (b) Consider deoxidation by addition of ferromanganese (60% Mn) to molten steel at 1600°C. The initial oxygen content is 0.04 wt%. It has to be brought down to 0.02%. Calculate the quantity of ( ) 7. (a) (5) ferromanganese required. Manganese content of the steel before deoxidation is 0.1 wt%. Assuming the product to be solid MnO-FeO. log Kyjy, = —HemO + 4.536 log Kyq-fe =~ Soe +291. 6 How do we enhance the process reaction rate in steel making reaction? 3) Carry-over of the basic oxidising slag from the converter is undesirable to the transfer ladle — why? Discuss the various measures adopted to minimise the carry-over of slag. 34+3=6 (b) What are the necessary conditions for removing (c W/14/45-50 nitrogen from liquid steel? Why is the rate of nitrogen desorption by liquid iron retarded with increasing dissolved oxygen and sulphur? 2+2=4 In a 185 T(D=3.58m&L=2.625 m) steel making ladle, visual observations indicate a plume eye diameter of 730 mm at a gas flow rate 50x10 m3/s, Treating the plume to be perfectly conical, estimate the average gas voidage within the plume. You may consider that the gas and liquid rise together with a velocity according to the relationships : PT.O.