Cortez, Reynaldo Jr.

BSED-MATH

INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), an alphabet developed in the 19th century to
accurately represent the pronunciation of languages. One aim of the International Phonetic Alphabet
(IPA) was to provide a unique symbol for each distinctive sound in a language—that is, every sound, or
phoneme, that serves to distinguish one word from another.
HISTORY
The International Phonetic Alphabet was created soon after the International Phonetic
Association was established in the late 19th century. It was intended as an international system of
phonetic transcription for oral languages, originally for pedagogical purposes. The Association was
established in Paris in 1886 by French and British language teachers led by Paul Passy. The prototype of
the alphabet appeared in Phonetic Teachers' Association (1888b). The Association based their alphabet
upon the Roman alphabet of Henry Sweet, which in turn was based on the Phonotypic Alphabet of Isaac
Pitman and the Palæotype of Alexander John Ellis.[1] The alphabet has undergone a number of revisions
during its history, the most significant being the one put forth at the Kiel Convention in 1989. Changes to
the alphabet are proposed and discussed in the Association's organ, Journal of the International Phonetic
Association, previously known as Le Maître Phonétique and before that as The Phonetic Teacher, and
then put to a vote by the Association's Council. The extensions to the IPA for disordered speech were
created in 1990, with its first major revision approved in 2016.
 Different Vowel and Consonant with IPA symbols
Vowels Examples Consonants Examples
/ɪ/ bit, wish /p/ Put, spout
/ɛ/ get, mess /b/ But, abandon
/æ/ ash, bad /t/ Tab, attack
/ə/ sofa, about /d/ Done, edit
/ʌ/ putt, luck /k/ Skip, action
/u/ book, foot /ɡ/ Get, begging
/ʊ/ crude, shoe /f/ Fly, coffee
/i/ bead, three /v/ Verb, cave
/eɪ/ clay, weigh /θ/ Thin, moth
/oʊ/ boat, toe /ð/ This, wither
/ɔ/ caught, paw /s/ Sing, blessing
/a/ father, hot /z/ Zoo, lazy
/ɔɪ/ boy, toil /ʃ/ Ship, brushing
/aʊ/ cow, blouse /ʒ/ Measure, seizure
/aɪ/ my, height /h/ Hope, ahead
/tʃ/ Chalk, clutching
/dʒ/ Jump, digest
/m/ Mint, examine
/n/ Nut, money
/ŋ/ Hang, ring
/l/ Lies, slip
/r/ Red, arc
/w/ Watch, await
Catle, Emily P.
BSED-MATH
INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation devised by linguists to
accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) used in
spoken human language. It is intended as a notational standard for the phonemic and phonetic
representation of all spoken languages.
HISTORY
INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET, short form IPA. An ALPHABET developed by
the International Phonetic Association to provide suitable symbols for the sounds of any language. The
symbols are based on the Roman alphabet, with further symbols created by inverting or reversing Roman
letters or taken from the Greek alphabet. The main characters are supplemented when necessary by
diacritics. The first version of the alphabet was developed in the late 19c by A. E. Ellis, Paul Passy, Henry
Sweet, and Daniel JONES from a concept proposed by Otto Jespersen. It has been revised from time to
time, most recently in 1989 (see accompanying charts). The IPA is sufficiently rich to label the
phonemes of any language and to handle the contrasts between them, but its wide range of exotic symbols
and diacritics makes it difficult and expensive for printers and publishers to work with. As a result,
modifications are sometimes made for convenience and economy, for example in ELT learners'
dictionaries. Phoneme symbols are used in phonemic transcription, either to provide a principled method
of transliterating non-Roman alphabets (such as Russian, Arabic, Chinese), or to provide an alphabet for a
previously unwritten language. The large number of diacritics makes it possible to mark minute shades of
sound as required for a narrow phonetic transcription. The alphabet has not had the success that its
designers hoped for, in such areas as the teaching of languages (especially English) and SPELLING
REFORM. It is less used in North America than elsewhere, but is widely used as a pronunciation aid for
EFL and ESL, especially by British publishers and increasingly in British dictionaries of English.
 Different Vowel and Consonant Sounds with IPA Symbols
Vowels Examples Consonants Examples
/ɪ/ In, it /p/ Pet, map
/ɛ/ Enter, yes /b/ Bad, lab
/æ/ Bad, laugh /t/ Tea, getting
/ə/ Telephone, again /d/ Did, lady
/ʌ/ Up, come /k/ Cat, back
/u/ Food, truth /ɡ/ Give, flag
/ʊ/ Pull, crude /f/ Find, if
/i/ Eat, green /v/ Voice, five
/eɪ/ Day, pain /θ/ Think, both
/oʊ/ Note, over /ð/ This, bother
/ɔ/ Call, four /s/ Sun, miss
/a/ Arm, father /z/ Zest, zebra
/ɔɪ/ join, toil /ʃ/ She, crash
/aʊ/ Now, out /ʒ/ Pleasure, vision
/aɪ/ Five, eye /h/ How, hello
/tʃ/ Check, church
/dʒ/ Just, large
/m/ Man, lemon
/n/ No, ten
/ŋ/ Sung, finger
/l/ Leg, little
/r/ try, arc
/w/ Wet, window