RANGE OF MOTION (ROM)

A. Definition of Physical Range of Motion / Range of Motion (ROM)

Range of motion (ROM) exercises are exercises carried out to maintain or
improve the level of perfection of the ability to move joints normally and
completely to increase muscle mass and tone.
B. Objectives and Benefits of Motion Range / ROM Exercises
The purpose of ROM (Range of Motion), namely:
1. Increase or maintain muscle flexibility and strength.
2. Maintain heart and respiratory function.
3. Prevent stiffness in the joints.
4. Stimulates blood circulation.
5. Preventing deformities, stiffness and contractures.

Benefits of ROM (Range of Motion), namely:

1. Determining the value of the ability of bone and muscle joints to do
movement.
2. Assessing bones, joints and muscles.
3. Prevent joint stiffness.
4. Streamlining blood circulation.
5. Improve muscle tone.
6. Increase joint mobilization.
7. Improve muscle tolerance for exercise.

Client and environmental preparation:

1. Introduce yourself
2. Explain objectives and procedures in easy-to-understand language
3. Take care of privacy
4. Wash hands
5. Use PPE if needed
 6. Pray
Management:
Review doctor's orders and nursing plans for patient activities. Identify
limitations.
Stand on the side of the bed where the joint must be carried out
Practice slowly and gently, providing support by holding the proximal and distal
areas of the joint. Repeat each exercise two to five times, moving each joint in a
smooth and rhythmic way. Stop movement if the patient complains of pain or you
face resistance.

Head:
a. Flexion on the head, back head to normal upright position. Tilt your head as far
as possible towards each other's shoulders.
b. Tilt your head from side to side

Flexion and extension of the wrist:

a. Adjust the position of the patient's arm away from the side of the body and the
side to bend with the arm
b. Hold the patient's hand with one hand and the other hand holding the patient's
wrist
c . Bend the patient's hand forward as far as possible.
Flexions and extensions Elbow:
a. Adjust the position of the patient's arm away from the side of the body with the
palm towards his body
b. Place the hand on the patient's elbow and hold his hand close to the shoulder.
c. Do and return to the previous position
Pronation and supination of the Forearm:
a. Adjust the position of the forearm away from the patient's body with the elbow
bent
b. Place one nurse's hand on the patient's wrist and hold the patient's hand with
the other hand.
 c. Turn the patient's forearm so that the palm is away from him. Return to the
original position.
d. Turn the patient's forearm so that the palm of his hand is facing towards him.
Return to original position.
Shoulder Abduction and Adduction:
a. Adjust the position of the patient's arm next to the body
b. Place one nurse's hand on the patient's elbow and hold the patient's hand with
the other hand.
c. Movement of the patient's arm away from his body to the nurse (Abduction)
d. The patient's arm movements approach his body (Adduction)
e. Return to original position

Shoulder Rotation:
a. Adjust the position of the patient's arm away from the body with the elbow bent
b. Place one nurse's hand on the patient's upper arm near the elbow and hold the
patient's hand with the other hand.
c. Move your forearm down until it touches the bed, palms facing down. Return the
arm to its original position.
d. Forearm backwards until it touches the bed, palms facing up. Return the arm to
its original position.
Flexions and Finger Extensions:
a. Hold the patient's toes with one hand, while the other hand holds the foot.
b. Bend (bend) your toes down
c. Align the fingers then push back.
d. Return to original position
Infersi dan efersi kaki:
a. Hold the upper part of the patient's foot with one finger and hold the ankle with
the other hand.
b. Turn your legs in so that your feet are facing the other leg. Return to original
position
 c. Rotate the foot out so that the sole of the foot is away from the other leg. Return
to original position.
Ankle flexion and extension:
a. Place one nurse's hand on the patient's foot and one hand on the ankle. Keep
your feet straight and relaxed.
b. Bend your ankles, point your toes towards the patient's chest
c. Return to original position.
d. Bend your ankles away from the patient's chest.
Flexion and knee extension:
a. Place one hand under the patient's knee and hold the patient's heel with the
other hand
b. Lift your legs, bend your knees and groin.
c. Continue bending your knees to the chest as far as possible.
d. Straighten your knees by lifting your legs up.
e. Back to its original position.
Groin rotation:
a. Place one nurse's hand on the ankle and one hand on the knee.
b. Turn your feet away from the nurse.
c. Turn your legs toward the nurse.
d. Return to original position.
Abduction and groin adduction:
a. Place one nurse's hand under the patient's knee and one hand on the heel. b.
Keep the patient's foot position straight, lift your legs about 8 cm from the bed,
c. move your feet away from the patient's body.
d. Move your feet closer to the patient's body.
e. Return to original position.
.