XII 4 8 Problems PDF

Moving Charges &
= "# $ %&' (
)
*
= "#%&' ( = 0.15 × 8 × sin 30
Magnetism- Problems
= 0.15 × 8 ×0.5 = 0.6 N +
1. A circular coil of wire consisting of 100 turns,
6. A 3.0 cm wire carrying a current of 10 A is
each of radius 8.0 cm carries a current of 0.40 A.
placed inside a solenoid perpendicular to its axis.
What is the magnitude of the magnetic field B at
The magnetic field inside the solenoid is given to
centre of the coil?
be 0.27 T. What is the magnetic force on the
wire?
B=
× × ×.
B= = 3.14 × 10
××
= "# $ %&' (= "# $ %&' 90
= 0.27 × 10 × 3 × 10 × 1
= 8.1 × 10 N
2. A long straight wire carries a current of 35 A.
What is the magnitude of the field B at a point 20
cm from the wire? 7. Two long and parallel straight wires A and B
S
carrying currents of 8.0 A and 5A in the same
× ×

B = = × ×
= 3.5 × 10 direction are separated by a distance of 4.0cm.
C
Estimate the force on a 10 cm section of wire A.
3. A long straight wire in the horizontal plane
carries a current of 50 A in north to south
direction. Give the magnitude and direction of B
at a point 2.5 m east of the wire.
N
50 A
Y SI )
*

=
( attractive)
-. -

-. -
=
= 20 × 10 N
=
F= 20 × 10× $ = 20 × 10 × 10 × 10

× × ×
× ×

= 20 × 10 N
PH
P E
8. A closely wound solenoid 80 cm long has 5 layers
S
of winding of 400 turns each . The diameter of
× ×
= 4 × 10
the solenoid is 1.8 cm . If the current carried is
B= =
× . 8.0 A , estimate the magnitude of B inside the
(vertically up using right hand thumb rule).
's
solenoid near its centre.
4. A horizontal overhead power line carries a 2-

B = 01 '# =
GK
current of 90 A in east to west direction. What is *

× ×× ×
the magnitude and direction of the magnetic B= ×
= 8 3 × 10
field due to the current 1 .5 m below the line?
9. A square coil of side 10 cm consists of 20 turns
× ×
1.2 × 10
and carries a current of 12 A. The coil is
B=
= × .
=
suspended vertically and the normal to the plane
(towards south using right hand thumb rule) of the coil and makes an angle 30o with the
direction of uniform horizontal magnetic field of
5. What is the magnitude of magnetic force per magnitude 0.80 T .What is the magnitude of
unit length on a wire carrying a current of 8 A torque experienced by the coil?
and making an angle of with the direction of
a uniform magnetic field of 0.15T ?
Unique Learning Centre, Ulloor, Tvpm. Mob: 9447471482 Page 81

A = %&45 = (10 × 10 ) (e = 1.6 × @@c d , Ef = c. @ × @ @ gh ).
8 = 9 # : " sin (
8 = 20 × 12 × (10 × 10 ) × 0.80 × sin 30 F = ij" sin 90 = ij "
kl kl
= 0.96 Nm ij " = m
Or r = no
10. Two moving coil meters, ?@ and ?A have p. × H. q(.× r )
= (. × s ) (. × .t ) = 4.12 × 10 m
following particulars:
12. In the above question obtain the frequency of
revolution of electron in its circular orbit. Does
B@ = 10 Ω , C@ = 30 , D@ = 3.6 × @ EA
the answer depend on the speed of the electron?
F@ = 0.25 T
Explain.
B@ = 14 Ω , CA = 42 , DA = 1.8 × @ EA
FA = 0.50 T kl
(The spring constant are identical for the two qj " = m
kl k mu
meters). i" = = m = +v = +( 2 3 w)
m
on (. × .t ) (. × s )
S
w = k = ( . )(. × H.
Determine the ratio of (a) current sensitivity and
(b) voltage sensitivity of ?A and ?@ )
= 18.18 × 10 x y
C
Current sensitivity = 9": / G The answer does not depend upon speed of
zn
For ?@ the electron as w = k is independent of v.
×.×. × H
Current Sensitivity =
For ?A
Current Sensitivity =
JKLLMNO PMNQRORSROT UV W
Y I
×. ×. × H
I
SI 13. (a) A circular coil of 30 turns and radius 8.0 cm
carrying a current of 6.0 A is suspended
vertically in a uniform horizontal magnetic field
of magnitude 1.0 T . The field lines make an
angle of a with the normal of the coil.

PH
JKLLMNO PMNQRORSROT UV W. Calculate the magnitude of the counter torque
×. ×. × H that must be a applied to prevent the coil from
= ×.×. × H
= 1.4
turning.
(b)Would your answer change, if the circular coil
Voltage sensitivity = 9":YGX in (a) were replaced by a planar coil of some
For ?@ irregular shape that encloses the same area? (All
's
×.×. × H other particulars are also unaltered)

Voltage Sensitivity = I ×
For ?A
GK
(a) 8 = 9"#: sin( : = 3 { = 3 (8 ×

×. ×. × H 10 )
Voltage Sensitivity = I × 8 = 30 × 1 × 6 × 3 (8 × 10 ) %&' 60
ZU[O\]M PMNQRORSROT UV W ×. ×. × H ×^ ×
= =3.13Nm
ZU[O\]M PMNQRORSROT UV W. ×.×. × H × I×
The magnitude of the counter torque is 3.13 Nm
= 1
(b) Answer will not change as torque does not
11. In a chamber, a uniform magnetic field of 6.5 G depend upon shape of the coil provided it
(1G = @_ ` ) is maintained. An electron is encloses the same area.
shot into the field with a speed of 4.8× @a
Eb@ normal to the field. Determine the radius 14. Two concentric circular coils X and Y of radii 16
of the circular orbit. cm and 10 cm, respectively, lie in the same

vertical plane containing the north to south initial velocity.
direction. Coil X has 20 turns and carries a
current of 16 A ,coil Y has 25 turns and carries a
current of 18 A. The sense of the current in X is (a) The trajectory is circular .The magnetic force
anticlockwise, and clockwise in Y , for an provides centripetal force.
kl kl
observer looking at the coils facing west. Give 5"j = m
or { = nz
the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic
z
field due to the coils at their centre. 1. 5 =
+j or j = k
k z
ie, { =
Coil X nz k
}
B= ( × H.) ×. × .t × ×H

= . ×. × .t
× ×× × H.
"~ = = 43 × 10 T
× × = 10m
( towards east)
(b) When B makes 30o with the field , the
perpendicular component of velocity j = j%&'30
Coil Y
× × ×
S
" = = 93 × 10 z
× × = k
%&'30 = × 10 m/s
(towards west)
Net field = " − "
C
The path will be helical.
s
H.) × .}
= 93 × 10 − 43 × 10 Radius, r =
k l
=
( × H
nz . ×. × .t )
= 53 × 10
= 1.6 × 10 towards west.
Y
15. A toroid has a core (non – ferromagnetic) of
inner radius 25 cm and outer radius 26 cm,
SI
2.
3. 17.
= 0.5 × 10 m
A magnetic field set up using Helmholtz coils

is uniform in a small region and has a magnitude
of 0.75 T. In the same region, a uniform
electrostatic field is maintained in a direction
PH
around which 3500 turns of a wire are wound. If
the current in the wire is 11 A , what is the normal to the common axis of the coils. A narrow
magnetic field (i) outside the toroid , (ii) inside beam of (single species) charged particles all
the core of the toroid , and(iii) in the empty space accelerated through 15 kV enters this region in a
surrounded by the toroid . direction perpendicular to both the axis of the
coils and the electrostatic field. If the beam
's
(i) Zero remains undeflected when the electrostatic field

is 9.0 × @ V E@ , make a simple guess as to
(ii) r= = 25.5 cm=25 × 10m
what the beam contains. Why is the answer not
2- ×
B= 01 '# = m = 43 × 10 × ××
GK
unique?
= 3.02× 10
. 4.
(iii) Zero.
i = " ij
16. An electron emitted by a heated cathode and
5 = " 5j
accelerated through a potential difference of 2.0
×
kV, enters a region with uniform magnetic field j = n = = 1.2 × 10 +%
.

of 0.15 T . Determine the trajectory of the +j = eV
electron if the field (a) is transverse to its initial z l (.×r )
velocity (b) makes an angle of with the or k = = ××H = 4.8 × 10 C G
z .× .t
for deutrtron = ×.× =4.8 × 10 C G
k
The given particle may be deutron.

z
The result is not unique because this ratio can magnitude and direction of the force on the wire
k
be true for x5 , & etc. if,
17. A straight horizontal conducting rod of length

0.45 m and mass 60 g is suspended by two (a) the wire intersects the axis,
vertical wires at its ends. A current of 5.0 A is set (b) the wire is turned from N-S to north east-
up in the rod through the wires. north west direction.
(a) What magnetic field should be set up normal (c) the wire in the N – S direction is lowered from
to the conductor in order that the tension in the the axis by a distance of 6.0cm ?
wires is zero?
(b) What will be the total tension in the wires if
the direction of current is reversed keeping the
magnetic field same as before? (Ignore the mass
of the wires.) g = 9.8 EbA
S
(a)( = 90 = "#$ sin 901
C
(a) = "# $ sin (
F = 1.5 × 7 × 20 × 10 sin 90 = 2.1 9
"#$ = mg
" =
]
-*
=
× H ×.
Y
× .
(b) If current is reversed , the tension

= 0.26 T.
SI (vertically downwards by Fleming’s left hand rule).
(b)Here the length of wire in the magnetic field is
$’
The wire makes an angle ( with the initial

PH
direction.
T = 2 × weight of rod * *
From figure, sin ( = or $’ =
= 2 × 60 × 10 × 9.8 = 1.18 N . *’
Force on the wire =B # $’ sin ( = 2.1 9 (vertically
19. The wire which connect the battery of an downwards).
automobile to its starting motor carry a current
of 300 A (for a short time). What is the force per
's
unit length between the wires if they are 70 cm

(c) When the wire is dropped at a distance of 6
long and 1.5 cm apart? Is the force attractive or
cm from axis of cylindrical region ,length in
repulsive?
GK
magnetic field = 2
= √10 − 6 = √64 = 8 cm

} -.
F =
× ××
∴ $′′ = 2 × 8 = 16 + = 0.16 m.

= . ×
= 1.2 N + Force ’ = "#$ = 1.5 × 7 × 0.16
As the current in two wire are in opposite = 1.68 N vertically downward.
direction , the force is repulsive.
21. A uniform magnetic field of 3000 G is established
20. A uniform magnetic field of 1.5 T exists in a along the positive z – direction. A rectangular
cylindrical region of radius 10.0 cm , its direction loop of side 10cm and 5 cm carries a current of
parallel to the axis along east to west . A wire 12 A. What is the torque on the loop in the
carrying current of 7.0 A in the north to south different cases shown in figure? What is the force
direction passes through this region. What is the
on each? What case corresponds to stable 22. A circular coil of 20 turns and radius 10 cm is
equilibrium? placed in uniform magnetic field of 0.10 T normal
to the plane of the coil . If the current in the coil
is 5.0 A , what is the
(a) total torque on the coil ,
(b) total force on the coil,
(c) average force on each electron in the coil due
to the magnetic field?
(The coil is made of copper wire of cross sectional
area @ EA ,and the free electron density in
copper is given to be about @Ac E )
(a) 8= 9#:" %&' ( = 9#:" %&' 0 = 0

(b) Magnetic force on the opposite arms are equal
S
and opposite. Hence the total force is zero .
(c) = "i j , = "5j
- n-
C
= Be z =
. ×
= t ×
= 5 × 10N
+ = #: = 12 × 10 × 10 × 5 × 10 =
0.06Am2
8 = #:" sin ( = +"%&' ( = +
= #$ " sin θ
Y
× "
SI 23. A galvanometer coil has a resistance of 12Ω and
the meter shows full scale deflection for a
current of 3 mA. How will you convert the meter
into a voltmeter of range 0 to 18 V?

× "
(a) 8 = + # = 3 mA = 3 × 10 A
PH
+ = 0.06¡̂ Am2 " =0.3G£ T Galvanometer resistance, X® = 12Ω
8 = 0.06¡̂ × 0.3G£ The galvanometer can be converted into the
= −1.8 × 10 ¤̂9 + in negative y direction. voltmeter of range 0 to 18 V by connecting a high
Force is zero. series resistance R .
For other cases : (Here V = 18 V)

- X® =
's
(b) + = 0.06¡̂ Am2 " =0.3G£ T R= - × H

- 12
Torque 1.8 × 10
9 + in (-) y direction, force is = 6000 – 12 = 5988Ω
zero.
GK
=0.3G£ T
24. A galvanometer coil has a resistance of 15Ω and
(c) +
= −0.06¤̂ Am2 "
the meter shows full scale deflection for a
Torque 1.8 × 10 9 + in (-) x direction, force is
current of 4 mA. How will you convert the meter
zero.
= 0.3G£ T
into an ammeter of range 0 to
(d) ) + = −0.06¤̂ A+ " 6 A?
Torque 1.8 × 10 9 + Torque is 60o ant
clockwise with negative x direction. Force is zero X® = 15 Ω , # = 6 :
(e) Torque is zero , (stable equilibrium) as #¯ = 4 mA = 4 × 10 A
+
is §¨{¨$$5$ ©ª " Shunt resistance S is to be connected parallel.
(f) Torque is zero , (unstable equilibrium) as -°. ± × H ×

S= = = 0.001Ω
is anti − §¨{¨$$5$ ©ª "
+ - -° × H

Solved examples
1. A straight wire of mass 200g and length 1.5m
carries a current of 2 D. It is suspended in mid –
air by a uniform horizontal magnetic field B as in
figure. What is the magnitude of the magnetic
field?
} - * QRN
|4 F| = m
4$ = ∆ = 10m, # = 10 A, r = 0.5 metre = ´.
( = 901 sin (= 1
× ×
|4F| = = 4 × 10
.
The direction of the field is in the direction of
+ = #$"%&'( Here ( = 90o × {
4$
+ = #$" × { = ∆ ¸̂ × ´ º
4$ » = ´∆(¸̂ × º ¼
» ) = ´∆g
k ¯
" =
S
- * ie, The direction of the field is in the +z direction.
. × .
= = 0.65
×. 4.
C
A straight wire carrying a current of 12 A is bent
2. If the magnetic field is parallel to the positive ²- into a semicircular arc of radius 2.0cm as shown
axis and the charged particle is moving along the in figure. Consider the magnetic field B at the
positive ³ - axis, which way would the Lorentz
Y SI
force be for (a) an electron (negative charge), (b)
a proton (positive charge).
centre
segments?
of
(b) In what way the contribution to B from the

arc.
(a) What is the magnetic field due to the straight
semicircle differs from that of a circular loop and

in what way does it resemble?
PH
(c) Would your answer be different if the wire
were bent into a semi circular arc of the same
radius but in the opposite way as shown in
figure?
's
The velocity v of particles is along the −axis the

magnetic field is along the´ ¨&%.
So v × B is along the y ¨&% (by screw rule or
GK
and {
(a) 4$
right- hand thumb rule).
for each element of the straight
(a) for electron the force will be along –z axis.
segments are parallel. ∴ 4$ × {= 0.
(b) for a positive charge (proton) the force is along
+y ¨&%. Straight segments do not contribute to |F|
3. An element ∆ · = ∆³ ¸̂ is placed at the origin and (b) For all segments of the semicircular arc,
carries a large current · = 10 A. What is the d½ × ¾ are parallel to each other . All such
magnetic field on the ²-axis at a distance of 0.5m contributions add up. The direction of B for a
semicircular arc is given by right –hand rule and
∆³ = 1 cm.
magnitude is half that of a circular loop.
ie, B = 1.9 × 10 normal to the plane of the

paper into it.
(c) Same magnitude of B but opposite in direction
6. In the circuit the current is to be measured.
to that in (b).
What is the value of current if the ammeter
5. Figure shows a long straight wire of a circular shown (a) is galvanometer with a resistance
cross-section (radius ¿) carrying steady current ·. BÂ = 60.00Ω; (b) is a galvanometer described in
The current · is uniformly distributed across this (a) but converted to an ammeter by a shunt
cross- section. Calculate the magnetic field in the resistance ¾b = 0.02 Ω; (c) is an ideal ammeter
region r < ¿ and r>¿. with zero resistance?
S
(a)For r > ¿ (a) Total resistance in the circuit =X® + 3
C
The Amperian loop(labelled 2) is a circle of radius =60 + 3= 63Ω
r. # = 3/63 = 0.048 :
= 23{
B (23{) = 0 #

B ∝ m
B=
} -
m
Y SI (b) Resistance of the galvanometer converted to
an ammeter = ±
mÃ
±Ä mÃ
=
× .
(.)
Total resistance in the circuit=0.02 Ω + 3 Ω
= 3.02 Ω . # = 3/3.02 = 0.99A.
≃ 0.02 Ω
PH
(b )For r < a
(c) For the ideal ammeter with zero resistance,
The Amperian loop is circle (labelled 1)
= 23{ # = =3/3 = 1.00 :
±
The current distribution is uniform.
m -m 7. What is the radius of the path of an electron
The current enclosed = # Á = E
's
Á moving at a speed of 3 × @Æ b

in a magnetic
field of 6 × @_ T perpendicular to it? What is
-m
B(23{) = 0
its frequency? Calculate its energy in keV.
GK
By Ampere’s law Á [ 1eV = @. a × @@c ]

-m
B = Á
}

k
v = 3 × 10 B = 6 × 10 T

B∝r Radius of circular path r =
kl
=
× H. ××
on .× .t ×× s
The variation of B with r is shown below.
= 26 × 10 +
m
Velocity v = = 23{ × = 23{j
Ç Ç
l ×
Frequency w= =
m ×.××
= 2 × 10 xy

K.E = +j = × 9.1 × 10 × (3 × 10 )


= 40.5 × 10 È
8. A 100 turn closely wound circular coil of radius 10 cm

carries a current of 3.2A. (a) What is the field at the
centre of the coil?
(b)What is the magnetic moment of this coil?
N = 100 r = 10× 10 m # = 3.2 A

} -2 × ×.×
B= = = 2 × 10
m ××
+ = 9#: = 100 × 3.2 × 3.14 × (10 × 10 )
= 10:+
9. A cyclotron’s oscillator frequency is 10 MHz. What

should be the operating magnetic field for
accelerating protons? If the radius of its ‘Dees’ is 60
cm, what is the kinetic energy of the proton beam
produced by the accelerator.
S
É × . × ××r
=
C
B= = 0.66 T
o . × .t
Final velocity of protons
m
v = = 2 3{ w= 2 3 × 0.6 × 10 × 10
Ç
= 3.78 × 10 m/s.
E=

= 7 MeV.
m j =

×
. × ×p. × q
. × .t
Y
10. The horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field at

eV SI
a certain place is 3.0 × 10 T and the direction of the
-5
PH
field is from the geographic south to the geographic
north. A very long straight conductor is carrying a
steady current of 1A. What is the force per unit length
on it when it is placed on a horizontal table and the
direction of the current is (a) east to west (b) south to
north?
's
F = #$" sin (
GK
Ì
Force per unit length Ë = = # " sin (
*
(a) ( = 90 , Ë = # " = 1 × 3 × 10
0
= 3 × 10 9 +
(b) ( = 0 , Ë = 0
0

MAGNETISM & MATTER 8 = 0.6 × 0.25 × sin 30 = 0.6 × 0.25 ×
( Problems) = 7.5 × 10 N m.
4. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 1.5 Ï`@ lies

1. A short bar magnet placed with its axis at 300
aligned with the direction of the uniform
with uniform external magnetic field of 0.25 T
magnetic field of 0.22 T.
experiences a torque of magnitude equal to
4.5 × @A J. What is the magnitude of (a) What is the amount of work required by an
magnetic moment of the magnet? external torque to turn the magnetic moment, (i)
Í . ×
normal to the field direction, (ii) opposite to the
8 = mB sin( ∴ m = Î QRN = . ×QRN = 0.36 È field direction?(b) What is the torque on the
magnet in cases (i) and (ii) ?
2. A short bar magnet of magnetic moment m =
0.32 Ï`@ is placed in a uniform magnetic field (a) (i) ( = 90 ( = 0 m= 1.5 È
of 0.15 T. If the bar is free to rotate in the plane B = 0.22
of the field, which orientation would correspond W = - mB(cos ( − cos ( )
S
to its (a) stable and (b) unstable equilibrium?
What is the potential energy of the magnet in = - 1.5 × 0.22(cos 90 – cos 0)
= - 1.5 × 0.22(0-1) = 0.33 J.
C
each case?
Potential energy = −+" ª% ( (ii) ( =1800 ( = 0

W = - mB(cos ( cos ( )
(a) If ( = 00, potential energy = − +" ª% 0
= − +" = − 0.32 × 0.15 = −0.048 È
(b) If ( = 1800,
Y
The dipole will be in stable equilibrium.
SI W = -1.5 × 0.22(cos 1800 – cos 00)
= -1.5 × 0.22(-1 - 1) = 0.66 T.
(b) (i) ( = 90 8 = mB sin(

PH
Potential energy = −+" cos 180 8 = 1.5 × 0.22 sin 90 = 1.5 × 0.22 × 1
= +" = 0.32 × 0.15 = 0.048 È = 0.33 N m
The dipole will be in unstable equilibrium. (ii) ( = 1800 ∴ 8 = mB sin180 =0
5. A closely wound solenoid of 2000 turns and area

's
3. A closely wound solenoid of 800 turns and area

of cross-section 2.5x 10 -4m2 carries a current of 3 of cross-section 1.6 × @_ m2 , carrying a
A. Explain the sense in which the solenoid acts current of 4.0 A, is suspended through its centre
like a magnet. What is its associated magnetic allowing it to turn in a horizontal plane.(a) What
GK
moment? If the solenoid is free to turn about the is the magnetic moment associated with the
vertical direction and a uniform horizontal solenoid?(b) What is the force and torque on the
magnetic field of 0.25 T is applied, what is the solenoid if a uniform horizontal magnetic field of
magnitude of the torque on the solenoid when its 7.5 × @A tesla is set up at an angle of 300 with
axis makes an angle of 300 with the direction of the axis of the solenoid?
(a) + = #:9
the applied field?
+ = #:9 =3x2.5x 10 -4 x 800 = 0.6 J/T m = 4× 1.6 × 10x 2000 = 1.28 A m2

The sense is determined by the direction of (b) Torque, 8 = mB sin(
current. 8 = mB sin( = 1.28 × 7.5 × 10 × sin 300
= 4.8 × 10 N m
Force is zero.

6. A circular coil of 16 turns and radius 10 cm B is 120 west of geographic meridian making
carrying a current of 0.75 A rests with its plane upward angle of 600 with horizontal.
normal to an external field of magnitude 5.0 ×
@A T. The coil is free to turn about an axis in its
9. A short bar magnet has a magnetic moment of
0.48 JT-1 . Give the direction and magnitude of
plane perpendicular to the field direction. When
the magnetic field produced by magnet at a
the coil is tuned slightly and released, it oscillates
distance of 10 cm from the centre of the magnet
about its stable equilibrium with a frequency of
on (a) the axis (b) the equatorial lines of the
2.0 s-1. What is the moment of inertia of the coil
magnet.
about its axis of rotation?
On axis
- W ×.
T = 23kn BÁÁ* = } mH
=10 × H = 0.96G
(× )
- knÒ
2 = 43 or # =
But = along S-N direction
kn l
kn
On equatorial line
∴ # = l + = #:9
} W
m = 0.75 × 3(10 × 10)2 × 16 Bzo = = BÁÁ* ∴ Bzo = × 0.96
S
m H
= 0.48 G along N-S direction.
. × ( × ) × × ×
# =
C
×
= 1.2 × 10
kg m 2 10. A telephone cable at a place has four long
straight horizontal wires carrying a current of 1.0
7. A magnetic needle free to rotate in a vertical
plane parallel to the magnetic meridian has its
north tip pointing down at 220 with the
horizontal. The horizontal component of the
Y
earth’s magnetic field at the place is known to be
0.35 G. Determine the magnitude of the earth’s
SI A in the same direction east to west. The earth’s
magnetic field at the place is 0.39 G, and the
angle of dip is 350 . The magnetic declination is
nearly zero. What are the resultant magnetic
fields at points 4.0 cm below and above the
cable?
PH
magnetic field at the place.
BÓ = B cos ( = 0.39 cos 35 = 0.3195 G
B = 0.39 sin 35 = 0.2237 G
Magnetic field produced by telephone cable(4
wires)
n .
"Ó = B cos ( OR B = ÕUQ
Ô
- ( ××)
= 0.2 × 10 T = 0.2 G
= ÕUQ }
's
B = 4 =4 (× )
.
= . = 0.3775 G
Field below the cable
GK
8. At a certain location in Africa a compass points

120 west of the geographic north. The north tip B′Ó = BÓ - B = 0.3195 – 0.2 = 0.1195 G
of the magnetic needle of a dip circle placed in
Resultant field,
the plane of magnetic meridian points 600 above
the horizontal. The horizontal component of the
earth’s field is measured to be 0.16 G. Specify the B = B′Ó + B = √0.1195 + 0.2237
direction and magnitude of the earth field at the = 0.254 G
location.
= 0.57 G
"Ó = B cos ( B 60 0
tan ( =
.
or ( =230
.
nÔ . . The resultant field makes an angle ≈ 620 with
B= = ÕUQ = = 0.32 G "Ó (
ÕUQ . horizontal.

W / W
Field above cable Here rÁ = ( ) and rzo = ( Î )/
ÎÔ Ô
B′Ó = BÓ + B = 0.3195 +0.2 = 0.5195 G L

./H = rÁ × 2
i.e. rzo = ()ØÙ /
= 14× 2/ = 11.1
Resultant field, cm.
12. A short bar magnet of magnetic moment 5.25 ×

B = B′′Ó + B = √0.5195 + 0.2237
10-2 JT-1 is placed with its axis perpendicular to
= 0.566G the earth’s field direction . At what distance from
.
tan ( = or ( =230
the centre of the magnet the resultant field is
. inclined at 45o with earth’s field on (a) its normal
The resultant field makes an angle ≈ 230 with bisector and (b) its axis. Magnitude of the earth’s
horizontal. field at place given to be 0.42 G. Ignore the
11. A magnetic dipole is under the influence of two length of the magnet in comparison to the
magnetic fields. The angle between the field distance involved.
directions is 600 , and one of the fields has a
S
Normal bisector
magnitude of 1.2 × @A T. If the dipole comes
k
to stable equilibrium at an angle of 150 with this Bzo = } mH Resultant field is at 45o with
C
} k
field, what is the magnitude of the other field? earth’s field. Hence Bzo = BÓ ∴ BÓ =
m H
Inclination of dipole with field " ( = 150 .
Inclination of dipole with field "
0
= 45 Torque produced by the two fields are equal
mB1 sin( = mB2 sin(
" =
n. .
=
Y
p.× q QRN }
SI
( = 600 - 150
Axis BÁ =

r = n
}Ü
=
Ô
r = n
}Ü
.
H
} k

m H
Ô
×.× H
.
H
.× s
or BÓ =

} k

= 5 × 10 +
m H
or
QRN }

PH
= 4.39 × 10
T. ××.× H
.
= .× s
= 6.3 × 10 m
12. A short bar magnet placed in a horizontal plane
has its axis aligned along the magnetic north –
south direction. Null points are found on axis of
13. A compass needle free to turn in a horizontal
the magnet at 14 cm from the centre of the
's
plane is placed at the centre of circular coil of 30

magnet. The earth’s magnetic field at the place is
turns and radius 12 cm. The coil is in a vertical
0.36 G and the angle of dip is zero. What is the
plane making an angle of 450 with the magnetic
total magnetic field on the normal bisector of the
GK
meridian. When the current is in the coil is

magnet at the same distance as the null points
0.35 A the needle points west to east.
from the centre of the magnet?
ÎØÙ . (a) Determine the horizontal component of the
Bzo =
=
= 0.18 G
earth’s magnetic field at the location.
Total magnetic field = 0.36 + 0.18 = 0.54 G in the (b) The current in the coil is reversed, and the coil
direction of the magnetic field of the earth. is rotated about its vertical axis by an angle of 900
in the anticlockwise sense looking from above.
13. If the bar magnet in the above problem is turned
Predict the direction of the needle. Take the
around by 1800 , where will the new null-points
magnetic declination at the place to be zero.
be located?

(a) BÓ = B sin 45, we get, BÓ =
} 2-
sin 45 From ∆àá"

sin ( =
× ××.×.
= (× )
= 3.9 × 10 T sin ( =
×
= 0.9996
.
= 0.39 G ª% ( = √1 − %&' ( = 0.0265
(b) The compass needle will point east to west i.e. ∴ y = OA – OC= X − Xª% ( = R (1 – ª% ()
it reverses from its original direction. =11.3 (1 – 0.9996) = 4 × 10 m
14. A long straight horizontal cable carries a current 16. A sample of paramagnetic salt contains 2.0
of 2.5 A in the direction 100 south of west to 100 × @A_ atomic dipoles each of dipole moment
north of east. The magnetic meridian of the place 1.5× @A Ï `@ . The sample is placed under a
happens to be 100 west of the geographic homogeneous magnetic field of 0.84 T, and
meridian. The earth’s magnetic field at the cooled to a temperature of 4.2 K. The degree of
location is 0.33 G, and the angle of dip is zero. magnetic saturation achieved is equal to 15% .
Locate the line of neutral points. What is the total dipole moment of the sample
S
for magnetic field of 0.98 T and a temperature of
BÓ = B cos Ý = B cos 00 = 0.33 × 1 2.8 K? (Assume Curie’s law).
= 0.33 G = 0.33 × 10-4 T
C
} - } -
BÓ =
or d = ÎÔ
= 1.5 × 10cm Magnetic dipole moment of sample,
m = (1.5× 10 ) (2.0 × 10 )
15. A mono energetic (18 keV) electron beam
initially in the horizontal direction is subjected to
a horizontal magnetic field of 0.40 G normal to
Y
the initial direction. Estimate the up or down
deflection of the beam over a distance of 30 cm
SI = 30 È
B = 0.84 T B’ = 0.98 T
Dipole moment at 4.2 K,
M =15% of m=
By Curies law,
×

= 4.5 È
(EfÞc.@@ × @ @c ß).

PH
n
Mα
Ò
S n
R = ------(1) = 18 G = 18 × M’ α
Ò
MÎ
W n Ò n Ò
1000jª$© ∴ W = Ò′ × n
or M’ =M × Ò′ × n
= 7.88 È
MZ
+j = eV or v=
's
17. A Rowland ring of mean radius 15 cm has 3500

Putting in (1) turns of wire wound on a ferromagnetic
MZ core of relative permeability 800 . What is the
=
GK
R MÎ magnetic field B in the core for a magnetizing

√ k z ×. × H. ×. × .t × ×
=
current of 1.2 A ?
R = MÎ ( . × .t )( . × s )
= 11.3m
2
B = 0 0m *
# $ = 2 3{ =2 3 × 15 ×
10 m
× ×.
B= (43 × 10 ) ( × × = 4.48 T
When the beam covers a distance x, the up or 18. The magnetic needle has magnetic moment 6.7
down deflection is y. × @A DEA and moment of inertia · = 7.5 ×

@a gh EA . It performs 10 complete 21. The earth’s magnetic field at the equator is
oscillations in 6.70 s. What is the magnitude of approximately 0.4 G. Estimate the earth’s dipole
the magnetic field? moment.
. k
T= = 0.67 s " = }
mH

- ×(.) ×.× r r = 6400km = 6400× 10 + " = 0.4 ã
B = = = 0.01 T
kÒ .× ×(.)
= 0.4 × 10
}
19. A short bar magnet placed with its axis at 300 + = H
nä m
with an external field of 800 G experiences a m = 1.05 × 10 : +
torque of 0.016 Nm.
(a) What is the magnetic moment of the magnet 22. In the magnetic meridian of a certain place the
(b) What is the work done in moving it from its horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic
most stable to most unstable position? field is 0.26 G and the dip angle is 600. What is
(c) The bar magnet is replaced by a solenoid of the magnetic field of the earth at this location?
S
cross – sectional area 2 × @_ EA and 1000
nÔ n
"Ó = 0.26 ã cos 600 = " = ÕUQ Ô}
turns but of the same magnetic moment.
C
Determine the current flowing through the n
.
solenoid. = /
= 0.52 G
(a) ( = 30 sin ( = ½
B = 800 G= 800 × 10
8 = + " sin (
Y SI 23. A solenoid has a core of a material with relative
permeability 400. The windings of the solenoid
are insulated from the core and carry a current of
2A. If the number turns is 1000 per metre,
calculate (a) H, (b) M, (c) B and (d)b the
0.016 = m × (800 × 10 ) × (1/2) magnetizing current ·E .
PH
m = 0.40 : +
(b) W = âk (( = 180 ) − âk (( = 0 )
= −+"ª%180 − − +"cos0 = 2 m B
= 2 × 0.40 × 800 × 10
's
= 0.064 J
(c) +1*z1 = 9#:, +1*z1 = 0.40 : +
0.40 = 1000 × # × 2 × 10
# = 0.40 × 10 (1000 × 2) = 2 :.
GK
20. What is the magnitude of the equatorial and

axial fields due to a bar magnet of length 5.0 cm
at a distance of 50 cm from its mid point? The
.× . ×.×H
= = 8.65 × 10 A m2
magnetic moment of the bar magnet is 0.40 A
m2. +kÁ = (8.65 × 1010) × (9.27 × 10-24)
= 8.0 × 10-13 A m2
k ×.
" = } mH = (.)H
= 3.2 × 10
k
åkÁ = +kÁ /4ª+¨&' j¨$æ5
" = } mH =2 × 3.2 × 10 = 6.4 × 10 T. = 8.0 ×10-13 /10 = 8.0 ×10-5Am-1

25. Figure shows a small magnetized needle P placed magnetic field at the position 3 .Hence è is stable.
at a point O. The arrow shows the direction of its Thus (a) P è and P è
magnetic moment. The other arrows show (b) (i) Pè , Pè® (stable); (ii) Pè , Pè
different positions (and orientations of the (unstable)
magnetic moment) of another identical (c) Pè
magnetised needle ç.
(a) In which configuration the system is not in
equilibrium?
(b) In which configuration is the system in (i)
stable, and (ii) unstable equilibrium?
(c) Which configuration corresponds to the
lowest potential energy among all the
configurations shown?
C S
è
è
Y è
SI
PH
è
's
} kê
"é =
GK
(on the normal bisector)

m H
} kê
"é = m H
(on the axis)
where +é is the magnetic moment of the dipole P.
Stable equilibrium is when +ë is parallel to "é and
unstable when it is anti-parallel to "é
For the configuration è for which è is along the

perpendicular bisector of the dipole P.
The magnetic moment of è is parallel to the

ELECTRO MAGNETIC everywhere. Calculate the e.m.f. developed
between the centre and the ring.
INDUCTION (Problems)
n* u .× ×
ì= = = 100 V
1. A long solenoid with 15 turns per cm has a small
loop of area 2.0 cm2 placed inside the solenoid
4. A circular coil of radius 8.0 cm and 20 turns
normal to its axis. If the current carried by the
rotates about its vertical diameter with an
solenoid changes steadily from 2.0 A to 4.0 A in
angular speed of 50 rad s-1 in a uniform
horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 3.0 × 10-2
0.1 s, what is the induced e.m.f. in the loop while
the current is changing?
T. Obtain the maximum and average e.m.f.
induced in the coil. If the coil forms a closed loop
∅
of resistance 10 Ω , calculate the maximum value
ì = Ç ( = v© = 01 ∅ = BAN ª% v© = ":9 of current in the coil. Calculate the average
But B= 0 '# power loss due to joule heating. Where does this
∅ n2 n
∴ ì= Ç = = :9 power come from?
S
Ç Ç
2
n = * = 15/1cm=15/10 =1500
} -
For the loop, N =1 ì=AN
C
Ç
- × ×( × )××()
s r= 8× 10-2 m N = 20 v = 50 rad s-1
= AN0 ' Ç = B= 3 × 10-2T
.
= 7.51 × 10-6 V V = BAN vsin v©
2. A rectangular wire loop of sides 8 cm and 2 cm

with a small cut is moving out of a region of
Y
uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.3 T
directed normal to the loop. What is the e.m.f.
SI Average value of emf=0
ï = #mk mk =
R = 10 Ω
Max emf k = BAN v = B × 3{ N v = 0.603 V
Maximum current #k = k /X = .0603
-Ü Ü
√ √
= 0.018 W
PH
developed across the cut if the velocity of the Source of power is the external agent providing
loop is 1 cm s-1 in the direction normal to the (a) torque.
longer side, (b) shorter side of the loop? For how
5. A horizontal straight wire 10 m long extending
long does the induced voltage last in each case?
from east to west is falling with a speed of 5.0
ms-1 , at the right angles to the horizontal
's
component of the earth’s magnetic field,

(a) " = 0.3 $ = 8+ = 8 × 10-2+ 0.30 × 10-4 Wb m-2.
j =1 cm s-1= 1 × 10-2m s-1 (a) What is the instantaneous value of the e.m.f.
ì = "$j=( 0.3) ( 8 × 10-2)(1 × 10-2 ) = 0.24 × 10-3 V
GK
induced in the wire

* * ×
j = Ç t= = =2s (b) What is the direction of the e.m.f.? (c)Which
l ×
end of the wire is at higher electrical potential?
(b) " = 0.3 $ = 2+ = 2 × 10 + -2
j =1 cm s-1= 1 × 10-2m s-1

ì = ( 0.3) ( 2× 10-2)(1 × 10-2) = 0.06 × 10-3 V
* × (a) ì = " j $
t= = = 8s
l ×
ì = ( 0.30 × 10-4 ) (5) (10) = 1.5 × 10-3 V
3. A 1.0 m long metallic rod is rotated with an (b) Direction of induced emf is from west to
angular frequency of 400 rad s-1 about an axis east(by Fleming’s right hand rule)
normal to the rod passing through its one end. (c)west end is at higher electrical potential.
The other end of the rod is in contact with a
circular metallic ring. A constant and uniform
magnetic field of 0.5 T parallel to the axis exists
Unique Learning Centre, Ulloor, Tvpm. Mob: 9447471482

o 2 n o
6. Current in a circuit falls from 5.0 A to 0.0 A in i.e. R Ç =
Ç
or Xi = 9:" or " = 2
0.1s. If an average emf of 200 V induced, give an .×.× H
estimate of the self – inductance of the circuit. = ×× s
= 0.75
10. An air – cored solenoid with length 30 cm, area of

- ×.
|ì| = L 200 = L i.e. L = = 4H
cross-section 25 cm2 and number of turns 500,
Ç .
carries a current of 2.5 A. The current is suddenly
7. A pair of adjacent coils has a mutual inductance switched off in a brief time of 10-3 s. How much is
of 1.5 H. If the current in coil changes from 0 to the average back e.m.f. induced across the ends
20 A in 0.5 s, what is the change of flux linkage of the open switch in the circuit? Ignore the
with the other coil? variation in the magnetic field near
the ends of the solenoid.
2
∅ = å# OR d ∅ = å4# B = 0 '# = 0 * # = (4 3 × 10 ) ( × ) 2.5
d ∅ = 1.5 × (20-0) = 30 Wb = 52. 36 ×10-4 T
S
Initial flux ∅ = ":9ª% 0 =":9
8. A jet plane is travelling towards west at the = 52.36 × 10-4 × 25 × 10-4 × 500
speed of 1800 km/h. What is the voltage = 65.45 × 10-4 Wb
C
difference developed between the ends of the Final flux ∅ð = 0 d ∅ =0 -65.45 × 10-4
wing having a span of 25 m, if the earth’s = -65.45 × 10-4 Wb
magnetic field at the location has a magnitude of
5 × 10-4 T and the dip angle is 300?
Y
Speed=1800km/h= 1800x5/18= 500m/s
"l = 5 × 10-4 $ = 25 + j = 500+/%
SI ì = − Ç =
∅ . × s
H
= 6.54 V
11. Suppose the loop in problem no:2 is stationary

but the current feeding the electromagnet that
produces the magnetic field is gradually reduced
so that the field decreases from its initial value of
PH
ì = "l $j ì = ( B sin 300 )$j
0.3 T at the rate of
ì = (5 × 10-4) sin 300 ×25× 500 = 3.1 V -1
0.02 T s . If the cut is joined and the loop has a
resistance of 1.6 Ω, how much power is
9. It is desired to measure the magnitude of field
dissipated by the loop has heat? What is the
between the poles of powerful loud speaker
source of this power?
magnet. A small flat search coil of area 2 cm2
's
with 25 closely wound turns, is positioned normal

to the field direction, and then quickly snatched ( = v© = 01 ∅ = BAN ª% v© = ":9
∅ n2 n
out of the field region. Equivalently, one can Induced e.m.f. ì= Ç = = :9
GK
Ç Ç
give it a quick 900 turn to bring its plane parallel
Here N =1
to the field direction. The total charge flow in the n
ì=: Ç
= (0.02) (8 × 2 × 10-4) = 3.2 × 10-5 V
coil is 7.5 mC. The combined resistance of the coil
ñ .
and the galvanometer is Induced current , # = = . × 10-5 = 2 × 10-5 A
0.50 Ω. Estimate the field strength of magnet. Power loss = ì × # = 3.2 × 10-5 × 2 × 10-5
= 6.4 × 10-10 W
Source of this power is external agency which
Positioned normal to the field direction causes change in magnetic field.
∴ ( = v© = 01 ∅ = BAN ª% v© = ":9
12. A square loop of side 12 cm with its sides parallel
∅ n2 n
ì= Ç
= Ç = :9 Ç
to X and Y axes is moved with a velocity of
n 8 cm s-1 in the positive x- direction in an
But ì = #X ∴ #X = :9 Ç
environment containing a magnetic field in the

ò
positive z- direction. The field is neither uniform ∴ ì = o
= E.2 3X ---------(1)
in space nor constant in time. It has a gradient of
Using Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
10-3 T cm-1 along the negative x- direction, and it n n
ì =- : Ç
= - 3¨ Ç
----------(2)
is decreasing in time at the rate of 10-3 T s-1 .
n
Determine the direction and magnitude of the Equating (1) and (2) E. 2 3X = 3¨ Ç
induced current in the loop if its Multiplying both sides by q dt
n
resistance is 4.50 m Ω. E. 2 3Xq dt = - 3¨ Ç
q dt
Á o
qEdt = −
dB ----------(3)
qEdt = F dt = impulse = change in momentum of
A = (12+) = (12 × 10 +) = 144 × 10-4 + the wheel
N= 1 = (Mv – 0) = Mv = MvX
Rate of change of flux due to time variation in o
∅ n2 n n ∴ MvX = - 3¨ dB
field = =ì = Ç = Ç = : o
Ç Ç
But = λ and dB = B0
= 144 × 10 ×10 = 1.44 × 10 Wb s-1
-4 -3 -5
Á λ Î
S
N= 1 ∴ MvX = − 3¨ λ B0 or v =
W
n H Á λ Î
Ç
= = 10 T/m In vector form v
= W
G£
C
∅ 14. A square loop of side 10 cm and resistance 0.5 Ω
Rate of change of flux due to change in field = Ç
is placed vertically in the east-west plane. A
=ì =
n2
Ç
= ( 144 × 10-4) 8 × 10 (10-1)
= 11.52 × 10-5 Wbs-1
=
n
Ç
= :
n
Ç

Total rate of change of flux = (1.44 + 11.52) 10-5

= 12.96 × 10-5 Wbs-1
Y = : Ç
n

n
= : j
SI uniform magnetic field of 0.10 T is set up across

the plane in the north-east direction. The
magnetic field is decreased to zero in 0.70 s at a
steady rate. Determine the magnitudes of
induced emf and current during this time
i.e. ì = 12.96 × 10-5 V
PH
interval.
. ×
# = = 2.88 × 10-2 A
. × r
Direction of induced current is such that it
increases the magnetic flux linking with the loop " = 0.10 A = (10 × 10 ) +
in positive z direction. (= 451
. ×
∅ = ": cos ( =
's
Wb
13. A line charge λ per unit length is lodged √
uniformly on to the rim of a wheel of mass M and Final flux = ∅k = 0
|∆∅õ | |∅| . ×
radius R. The wheel has light non-conducting ì = = = = 1.0 mV= 10
GK
∆Ç ∆Ç √×.
spokes and is free to rotate without friction ñ H
about its axis. A uniform magnetic field extends Magnitude of current is, # = = .Ω
= 2 mA
over a circular region within the rim. It is given
15. A circular coil of radius 10 cm, 500 turns and
by B = - B0k = 0. What is the angular velocity of
resistance 2 Ω is placed with its plane
the wheel after the field is suddenly switched
perpendicular to the horizontal component of the
off?
earth’s magnetic field. It is rotated about its
vertical diameter through 1800 in 0.25 s. Estimate
the magnitudes of the emf and current induced

G£
n n} in the coil. Horizontal component of the earth’s
=
Ç Ç
magnetic field at the place is 3.0 × @ T.
The work done in moving the charge once around
the loop W = F × d = qE (23X )

How does this magnetic energy compare with
: = 3(10 × 10 ) the electrostatic energy stored in a capacitor?
Initial flux through the coil, ∅n(ÇÁ*) = ": cos (

= 3.0 × 10 × 3(10 × 10 ) × cos 0 (a) Magnetic energy, ân = #
= 33 × 10 ö÷ " 1 "
B = 0 '# ª{ # = ân = ø ù
Final flux after rotation, 0 ' 2 0 '

∅n()Á*) = 3.0 × 10 × 3(10 × 10 ) × n
= (0 ' :$) =

" :$
}
cos 180 }
= -33 × 10 ö÷
(b) Magnetic energy per unit volume,
úõ úõ n
ân = = = = "
Induced emf, * } }
∆∅ ×
ì = 9 ∆Ç = 500 × .
= 3.8 × 10 Electrostatic energy stored in capacitor

# =
ñ
= 1.9 × 10 : â = ì

In both , energy is proportional to the square of
16. A wheel with10 metallic spokes each 0.5m long field strength.
S
is rotated with a speed of 120 rev/min in a plane
normal to the horizontal component of earth 19. Kamala peddles a stationary bicycle the pedals of
magnetic field HE at a place. If HE = 0.4 G at the the bicycle are attached to a 100 turn coil of area
C
place , what is the induced emf between the axle 0.10 m2. The coil rotates at half revolution per
and the rim of the wheel? second and it is placed in a uniform magnetic
field of 0.01 T perpendicular to the axis of
w = 120 rev/min= 120 rev/60s= 2rev/s

v = 23w =23 × 2 = 43 rad/s
Induced emf = (1/2) v"X
Y SI rotation of the coil. What is the maximum
voltage generated in the coil?
Here w= 0.5 Hz N= 100 A = 0.1 m2 B = 0.01 T

= (1/2) × 43 × 0.4 × 10 × (0.5) ì = NBA (2 3 j)
PH
= 6.28 × 10 V = 100 × 0.01 × 0.1 × 2 × 3.14 × 0.5
= 0.314
17. Two concentric circular coils, one of the small The maximum voltage = 0.314 V.
radius r1 and the other radius r2 , such that r1<< r2
are placed co-axially with centers coinciding.
's
Obtain the mutual inductance of the

arrangement.
Let # be the current in the outer coil.

GK
} -
Field at the centre of outer coil " = m
} m.
∅ = 3{ " = m
# = å #
} m.
M12 = m
} m.
But M12 =M21 = m

18. (a) Obtain the expression for the magnetic

energy stored in a solenoid in terms of magnetic
field B, area A and length L of the solenoid.(b)

ALTERNATING CURRENT ý = l = (Ó)(. × r = 212 Ω
) )
ûÜÃ
(Numerical Problems) The rms current is #mk = ~
= Ω = 1.04 A
1. A light bulb is rated at 100W for a 220 V supply. The peak current
Find (a) the resistance of the bulb
#k = √2 #mk = (1.41)(1.04A) = 1.47 A
(b) The peak voltage of the source; and
This current oscillates between
(c) the rms current through the bulb.
+ 1.47A and – 1.47A , and is ahead of the voltage
by 3 /2.
(a) P = 100W and mk = 220 V If the frequency is doubled, the capacitive
ûÜÃ ( ) reactance is halved and the current is doubled .
Resistance R= ü
=
= 484 Ω
(b) The peak voltage of the source is k = √2 5. A light bulb and an open coil inductor are
mk = 311 V connected to an ac source through a key as
(c) P = #mk mk shown in figure.
ü ò
#mk = = = 0.450 A
S
ûÜÃ
2. A pure inductor of 25.0 mH is connected to a
C
source of 220 V. Find the inductive reactance and
rms current in the circuit if the frequency of the
source is 50 Hz.
The inductive resistance, ýþ = 23j

= 2 × 3.14 × 50 × 25 × 10 = 7.85 Ω

The {+% current in the circuit is

#mk =
ûÜÃ
~

= . Ω
Y
= 28 A
SI The switch is closed and after sometime, an iron
rod is inserted into the interior of the inductor.
The glow of the light bulb (a) increases (b)
decreases (c)is unchanged, as the iron rod is
inserted. Give your answer with reasons.
PH
3. A lamp is connected in series with a capacitor.
As the iron rod is inserted, the magnetic field
Predict your observations for dc and ac
inside the coil magnetizes the iron increasing the
connections. What happens in each case if the
magnetic field inside it. Hence, the inductance of
capacitance of the capacitor is reduced?
the coil increases, the inductive reactance of the
coil increases. As a result, a major part of the
's
When a dc source is connected to a capacitor,

applied ac voltage appears across the inductor,
the capacitor gets charged and after charging, no
leaving less voltage across the bulb. Therefore,
current flows in the circuit and the lamp will not
the glow of the light bulb decreases.
glow. There will be no change even if á is
GK
reduced. When ac is passed, the capacitor offers 6. A resistor of 200Ω and a capacitor of 15.0 are
capacitive reactance (1/vá) but there is current connected in series to a 220 V, 50 Hz ac source.
in the circuit. The lamp will shine. Reducing á will (a) Calculate the current in the circuit (b)
increase reactance and the lamp will shine less Calculate the voltage(rms) across the resistor
brightly than before. and the capacitor. Is the algebraic sum of these
voltages more than source voltage? If yes,
4. A 15.0 capacitor is connected to a 220 , 50
resolve the paradox.
Hz source. Find the capacitive reactance and the
current (rms and peak) in the circuit. If the
frequency is doubled, what happens to the R = 200 Ω ,C = 15.0 0 = 15.0 × 10 , V= 220 V
capacitive reactance and the current? , j = 50 Hz
(a) Z = X + ý = X + (23já)

= (200Ω ) + (2 × 3.14 × 50 × 10 ) Power factor cos = R/Z.
= 291.5 Ω We can improve the power factor[tending to 1]
The current in the circuit , when Z tends to R.

# = = . Ω = 0.755 A When I is resolved into Ip parallel to V and Iq
perpendicular to V. Iq is the wattles current and Ip
(b)Since the current is the same
is the wattful current. To improve the power
VR = #X = (0.755A)( 200Ω) = 151 V
factor , the lagging wattles current Iq must be
VC = #ýC = ((0.755A)( 212.3Ω) = 160.3 V
cancelled by leading wattles current I’q.
To do this, suitable capacitor is to be connected
The algebraic sum of the two voltages VR and VC
parallel.
is 311.3V which is more than the source voltage of
220 V . 8. A sinusoidal voltage of peak value 283 V and
The two voltages are not in the same phase. frequency 50 Hz is applied to a series ßB circuit
Therefore, they cannot be added like ordinary in which B = 3 Ω = 25.48 mH and C
numbers. The two voltages are out of phase by = 796 . Find (a) The impedance of the circuit
S
ninety degrees. Therefore, the total of these (b) the phase difference between the voltage
voltages must be obtained using the Pythagorean across the source and the current
theorem: (c) the power dissipated in the circuit: and (d) the
C
VR+C = + = 220 V.
power factor.
Thus , if the phase difference between two
voltage across the resistor and the capacitor is

equal to the voltage of the source.
Y SI
voltages is properly taken into account, the total
(a) ýþ = 23j = 2 × 3.14 × 50 × 25.48 ×
10 Ω
ý =
=8Ω

l

= ×.××× r = 4Ω
7. (a) For the circuit used for transporting electric Z = X + (ýþ − ý ) = 3 + (8 − 4)
PH
power, a low power factor implies large power =5Ω
loss in transmission. Explain. (b) Power factor (b) Phase difference, ∅ =
~ ~
can often be improved by the use of a capacitor ©¨' = ©¨' = -53.10
of appropriate capacitance in the circuit. Explain.
Since is negative , the current in the circuit
(a) P = IV cos where cos is the power

lags the voltage across the source
's
-Ü Ü
(c) #mk = = = = 40 A
factor. To supply a given power at a given voltage, √ √ √
if cos is small, we have to increase current The power dissipated in the circuit is ï = #mk

X
= (40 A) × 3Ω = 4800ö

GK
accordingly. But this will lead to large power loss

((I R) in transmission. (d) Power factor = cos = cos 53.10 = 0.6
(b) Suppose in a circuit, current # lags the voltage

9. Suppose the frequency of the source in the
by an angle .
previous problem can be varied.
(a) What is the frequency of the source at which
resonance occurs? (b) Calculate the impedance,
the current, and the power dissipated at the
resonant condition.

(a) The frequency at which the resonance occurs Sum of energies
o o}
v = þ = = 222.1 rad/s â + âW = } [ª% v© + %&' v©] =
√ √.× H ×× r
u .
wo = } = ×. xy = 35.4 Hz
@A. A 100 Ω resistor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz
(b) The impedance Z at resonant condition is
ac supply.
equal to the resistance: Z = R = 3Ω
(a) What is the rms value of current in the
The rms current at resonance
circuit?
ûÜÃ ûÜÃ
= =
= = 66.7 :
√ (b)What is the net power consumed over a full
The power dissipated at resonance is P = #mk

X cycle?
ûÜÃ
= (66.7) × 3 = 13.35 kW

(a)#mk = = = 2.20 A

(b) Net power = mk × #mk = 220 × 2.20
10. At an airport, a person is made to walk through
= 484 ö
the doorway of a metal detector, for security
reasons. If she/he is carrying anything made of 13. (a) The peak voltage of ac supply is 300 V. What
metal, the metal detector emits a sound. On is the rms voltage? (b) The rms value of current
S
what principle does this detector work? in an ac circuit is 10 A. What is the peak
current?
C
The metal detector works on the principle of
Ü
(a) mk = =
resonance in ac circuits. When you walk through a
= 212.1 V
metal detector,you are walking through a coil of √ √
-Ü
(b) #mk = or #k = #mk √2 i.e.
many turns. The coil is connected to a capacitor
.The circuit is tuned in resonance. When you
walk through with metal in your pocket, the
impedance of the circuit changes .The
Y
current
in the circuit changes and an alarm is activated.
SI √
#k = 10 × √2 = 14.1 A.
14. A 44 mH inductor is connected to 220 v, 50 Hz ac

supply. Determine the rms value of the current in
the circuit.
PH
11. Show that in the free oscillations of an ß circuit, ýþ = v = 23 j = 23 × 50 × 44 × 10
ûÜÃ
the sum of energies stored in the capacitor and ∴ #mk = ~
= × × × H = 15.91 A.
the inductor is constant in time.
15. A 60 capacitor is connected to a 110 V, 60 Hz
Let q be the initial charge on capacitor . Let the ac supply. Determine the rms value of the current
's
charged capacitor be connected to an inductor of in the circuit.

inductance L. LC circuit will sustain an

oscillation with frequency ý = u = l = × × × r
GK

v = 23j =
√þ ûÜÃ
At an instant © the charge on the capacitor and ∴ #mk = ~
= /( × × × r )
the current are given by:
q(t) = i cos v© =110(23 × 60 × 60 × 10 ) = 2.49 A
i(t) = - i vsin v©
16. Obtain the resonant frequency ¾ of a series LCR
Energy stored in the capacitor at time © is
o o
circuit with L = 2.0 H, C = 32 and R = 10 Ω .
â = á =
= } ª% (v©) What is the Q value of this circuit?
Energy stored in the inductor at time t is

âW = & = i v %&' (v©)
o}
v1 = = = 125 s-1
√þ √ × × r
=
i ( ) %&' (v©) = %&' (v©) ~ u ×
√þ
Q=
= = = 25

@Æ. A charged 30 capacitor is connected to a 27 amplitude of current at the resonating
mH inductor. What is the angular frequency of frequency.
free oscillations of the circuit? (c) Determine the rms potential drops across the
three elements of the circuit. Show that the

v1 = v1 = potential drop across the LC combination is zero
√þ √ × H × × r
= 1.1 × 103 s-1
at the resonating frequency.

@. If the initial charge on a 30 capacitor is 6 mC. (a) v = = = 50 rad s-1
√þ √ × × r
What is the total energy stored in the circuit (b) At resonance Z = R = 40 Ω
Ü √ ×
initially? What is the total energy at later time? ∴ #k =
= = 8.1 A

(c) þ = #ýþ = #k ýþ = #k v
ë
E=
= 8.1 × 50 × 5 = 2025
× H × × H -
E= × = 0.6 J = #ý = #k ý = u
Ü

× r
.
Total energy is same for the later time. = × × r = 2025 V
S
Potential drop across LC combination =#ýþ - #ý
@c. A series LCR circuit with R = 20 Ω, L = 1.5 H and
= 2025 –2025 = 0
C = 35 is connected to a variable frequency
C
200 V ac supply. When the frequency of the 22. A coil of inductance 0.5 H and resistance 100 Ω is
supply equals to the natural frequency of the connected to a 240 V , 50 Hz ac supply.
circuit, what is the average power transferred to
the circuit in one complete cycle?
At resonance, ýþ = ý ∴ = X
P=

Y SI (a) What is the maximum current in the coil?
(b) What is the time lag between the voltage
maximum and the current maximum?
ýþ = v = 23 j = 23 × 50 × 0.5
(a) Current #k =
Ü
√ u þ

PH
× × √
P = = 2000 W = = 1.8 A
√ × ×.
~ lþ ××.
A. A radio can tune over the frequency range of a (b) tan ∅ = = = = 1.571
portion of MW broadcast band 800kHz to 1200 ∅ = tan-1 1.571 = 57.50

kHz. If its LC circuit has an effective inductance of v= Ò OR = u
200 , what must be the range of its variable Ò×. .
= u ×
's
Time lag =
capacitor?
.
= × × = 3.2 × 10 s

j = OR C = l þ
√þ
GK
For 800 kHz, A. A 100 capacitor in series with a 40 Ω

resistance is connected to a 110 V, 60 Hz supply.
C = ( × H) ( × r ) = 197.8 pF
(a) What is the maximum current in the circuit?
For 1200 kHz, (b) What is the lag between the current

C = ( × H ) ( × r ) = 87.9 pF maximum and the voltage maximum?
Range of variable capacitor is 87 pF to 198 pF.
A@. A series LCR circuit is connected to a variable

frequency 230 V source. L = 5.0 H , C = 80 , k = mk √2 ý = u = l =

R = 40 Ω. × × × r
(a) Determine the source frequency which drives Ü √
the circuit in resonance. (a) #k = = .
= 3.23 A.
~
s ×Hr}}×.}
(b) Obtain the impedance of the circuit and the

~
(b) ) tan ∅ =
= u = ××× r water flow available is 100 m3 s-1. If the turbine
×
= 0.6631 generator efficiency is 60 %, estimate the electric
Ò×.
∴ |∅| = 33.50 Time lag =
power available from the plant?

. .
= u
×
= ××
= 1.55 × 10 s
k¯
=
1mI Z¯
Power = Çkz Ç
= Ç
Here t= 1s
A_. Keeping the source frequency equal to the ∴ Power = Vℎ = 10 × 100× 9.8× 300
resonating frequency of the series LCR circuit, Electric power =60 % ªË ©ℎ5 §ª!5{

= × 10 × 100× 9.8× 300= 176 MW
where L= 5H,C=80 and R= 40 Ω if the three
elements. L, C and R are arranged in parallel,
Show that the total current in the parallel LCR 27. A small town with a demand of 800 kW of
circuit is minimum at this frequency. Obtain the electric power at 220 V is situated 15 km away
current rms value in each branch of the circuit for from an electric plant generating power at 440 V.
the elements and source specified for this The resistance of the two wire line carrying
S
frequency. power is 0.5 Ω per km. The town gets power from
the line through a 4000 – 220 V step – down
C
transformer at a sub – station in the town.
In case of parallel LCR circuit, impedance is (a) Estimate the line power loss in the form of
heat.
given by,

=
At resonance

+ vá −
uþ

frequency is minimum
maximum or current is minimum.
v=

=

Y
= 50 rad s-1
i.e. Z is
SI (b)How much power must be plant supply,
assuming there is negligible power loss due to
leakage?
(c) Characterize the step up transformer at the
plant.
√þ √ × × r
PH
l
For resistor # = ûÜÃ = = 5.75 A.
Total resistance of line = 0.5 × 15x2 = 15 Ω
l lûÜÃ
For inductor #þ = ûÜÃ = uþ ü1zm ÁÇÇ ×
#mk =
= × = 0.92 A.
~ = = 200 A
l 1*ÇÁ¯z
For capacitor # = ~ûÜÃ = jmk v á (a) Line power loss = # mk R = (200) × 15
= 600

= 230× 50 × 80 × 10 = 0.92 A

kW
's
Currents in capacitor and inductor cancel as they (b) Power supplied = 800 + 600 = 1400 kW
are equal and differ by 180o. (c) Voltage dropped = #mk R = 200 × 15 = 3000 V
Total current = 5.75 A (d) The transformer should supply (4000 + 3000) =
GK
7000 V.
25. A power transmission line feeds input power at The step up transformer should be of 440 V/7000
2300 V to a step-down transformer with its
V.
primary windings having 4000 turns. What
should be the number of turns in the secondary 28. A small town with a demand of 800 kW of
in order to get output power at 230 V? electric power at 220 V is situated 15 km away
from an electric plant generating power at 440 V.
The resistance of the two wire line carrying
power is 0.5 Ω per km. The town gets power from
ê 2 2 ×
Ã
= 2ê , we get 9 = ê × = the line through a 40000 – 220 V step – down
Ã ê
= 400 turns. transformer. Hence, explain why high voltage

transmission is preferred.
26. At a hydroelectric power plant, the water
pressure head is at a height of 300 m and the

é1zm ÁÇÇ ×
#mk = = = 20 A.
l1*ÇÁ¯z
(a) Line power loss = # R = (20) × 15 = 6 kW

(b) Power supplied = 800 + 6 = 806 kW

(c) Voltage dropped = IR = 20 × 15 = 300 V
(d) Step down transformer should be of 440
V/40300 V

Power loss =
× 100 = 0.74 %
Thus power losses reduce a lot if power is
transmitted at high voltage.
29. Obtain the resonant frequency and Q-factor of a

series LCR circuit with L = 3.0 H, C = 27 , and
S
R = 7.4 Ω. It is desired to improve the harness of
the resonance of the circuit by reducing its ‘full
width at half maximum’ by a factor of 2. Suggest
C
a suitable way.
Q
v1 =
~
to half.

√þ
=
u ×þ
.

√×× r
×
= = = .
= 111 rad s-1
=45
For doubling Q for same v1 , R should be reduced
Y SI
Hence R = = 3.7Ω
PH

's
GK

ELECTRO MAGNETIC WAVES Displacement current
&ä
(PROBLEMS) & = ì Ç
=
o
Ç
= × 2 × 10 [− exp (−1 )]
1. A parallel plate capacitor with circular plates of
radius 1m has a capacitance of 1nF. At t = 0, it is = 0.5 × 10 exp(−1)
connected for charging in series with a resistor At t = 10s

R = 1 MΩ across a 2V battery. Calculate the B × 23 × = 0 (&) + & ) = 0 (0 + & )

magnetic field at a point P, halfway between the = 0.5 × 10 0 exp(−1)
centre and the periphery of the plates, after or B = 0.74 × 10
t = @ b .(The charge on the capacitor at time t
is q(t) = [1- exp (-t /# )] where the time constant 2. A plane electromagnetic waves of frequency 25
# is equal to CR). MHz travels in free space along the x-direction.
At a particular point in space and time E = 6.3 º̂
V/m. What is B at this point?
S
./k
B = ) = × k/ = 2.1 × 10 T
C
Direction of propagation shows direction of

× " is along y direction. The direction of
The time constant of the CR circuit is 8 = CR
=10 × 10 = 10 %
q(t) = CV [1 – exp (−t/ 8)]
= 2 × 10 [ 1− exp (−t /10 )]
Y
The electric field in between the plates at time t is
SI propagation
"
is along
is along X But ¤̂ × G£ = ¡̂
× "
x
must be perpendicular to both x and y axes.
axis.
is along z
∴"
PH
$ o(Ç) o direction
E= = =
ñ} ñ}% ñ}
A = 3(1) +
3. The magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic

Consider now a circular loop of radius (1/2) m wave s given by
F² = 2 × @Æ sin(0.5 × @ ³ + @. × @@@ *) T.
's
parallel to the plates passing through P. The

magnetic field B at all points on the loop is along (a) What is the wavelength and frequency of the
the loop and of the same value. wave?
GK
(b) Write an expression for the electric field.

The flux through this loop is
= : = 3 × ({) Ç
(a) " = " %&' +23 , + -
o o Ò
E×3× = = × ñ = ñ
} } . = m = 1.26 cm,
. ×H
o
Ç
= 2 × 10
[− exp (−t /10
)] (−1 /10
) and

= w = (1.5 × 10 ) /23 = 23.9 GHz .
Ò
= 2 × 10
[− exp (−t /10
)] (b) = " = 2 × 10 T × 3 × 10 +/%
= 6 × 10 V/m
At t = 10 %
o
=2 × 10 [− exp (−10 /10 )]
Ç
The electric field component is perpendicular to
= 2 × 10 [− exp (−1 )]
the direction of propagation and the direction of
magnetic field. Therefore, the

electric field component along the z axis is 1 = √2mk = √2 × 2.9 V/m = 4.07 V/m
ûÜÃ . k .
"mk = = × k . = 9.6 × 10
obtained as

= 60 sin ( 0.5 × 10 + 1.5 × 10 ©)V/m "1 = √2 "mk = 1.4 × 10 T .
4. Light with an energy flux of 18 W /dEA falls on

a non reflecting surface at normal incidence. If Even though the energy in the magnetic field is
the surface has an area of equal to the energy in the electric field, the
A magnetic field strength is evidently very weak.
20dE , find the average force exerted on the
surface during a 30 minute time span.
6. A capacitor is made of two circular plates each of
radius 12 cm and separated by 5.0 cm. The
capacitor is being charged by an external source.
The total energy falling on the surface The Charging current is constant and equal
U = (18 W / + ) × (20+ ) × (30 × 60) to0.15 A.
= 6.48 × 10 È
S
The total momentum delivered (for complete
(a) Calculate the capacitance and the rate of
absorption)
ú . × /
charge of potential difference between the
C
P = ) = 2.16× 10 kg m/s
× k/ plates.
The average force exerted on the surface is (b) Obtain the displacement current across the
. × H
F =
ü
Ç
= . ×s
= 1.2 × 10 N
5. Calculate the electric and magnetic field

produced by the radiation coming from a 100 W
bulb at a distance of 3 m . Assume that the
Y
efficiency of the bulb is 2.5% and it is a point
SI plates.
(c) Is Kirchhoff’s first rule valid at each plate of
the capacitor? Explain.
PH
source.
The bulb, as a point source , radiates light in all

directions uniformly . At a distance of 3m, the
(a) r = 12× 10 m d = 5× 10 m i = 0.15 A
's
surface area of the surrounding sphere

0}
C=
A = 3{ C = 8× 10 F
A = 43{ = 43(3) = 113+ ë
GK
The intensity at this distance is V =

ü1zm ò ×.% ë
#= Ç = = × & = 1.87 × 10 V/s
mzÁ
=
k Ç Ç

= 0.022W/+ ∅ä ()
(b) & = ∈ = ∈ = ∈ :
Intensity, # = (ì 1 ) = ì p√2mk q Ç Ç Ç

= ì (mk )
= ∈ : Ç

=
∈}
Ç
Half of the intensity is provided by the electric
= á Ç = 0.15 A
field and half by the magnetic field

# (ì ) (c) Yes. Condition current entering one plate is equal
mk

=

to the displacement current leaving that plate.
= (0.022 ö/+ )

.
mk = (. × . )( × ) V/m = 2.9V /m

7. A parallel plate capacitor made of circular plates vectors? If the frequency of the wave is 30 MHz,
each of radius R = 6.0 cm has a capacitance C = what is its wavelength?
100 pF. The capacitor is connected to a 230 V a.c.
supply with a frequency of 300 rad s-1. Electric vector and magnetic vector are in XZ
(a) What is the r.m.s. value of the conduction plane and YZ plane respectively ( or YZ and XZ ).
current? (b) Is the conduction current equal to i.e. they are in mutually perpendicular planes.
the displacement current? w = 30 × 10 Hz c = 3 × 10 m/s
(c) Determine the amplitude of F at a point 3.0 )
λ = l = 10 m
cm from the axis between the plates
10. A radio can tune into any station in the 7.5 MHz
to 12 MHz band. What is the corresponding
wavelength band?
×
λ = É =
)
.×r
= 40
.
×
λ = = ×r = 25 m

S
É
Wavelength band is 40 m to 25 m.
R = 6× 10 + ,C = 100 × 10 F
C
mk = 230 V , v = 300 rad /% 11. A charged particles oscillates about its mean
ûÜÃ equilibrium position with a frequency of @c Hz.
(a) #mk =
&mk =
(b) Yes, & = ∈

~
ûÜÃ
= ∈ : Ç =
.
2

= mk × Cv = 6.9 × 10 A
∅ä
Ç
= ∈
Y
∈}
Ç
()
Ç

= á Ç

= ∈ : Ç
-------(1)
SI What is the frequency of the electromagnetic
waves produced by the oscillator?
Frequency of em wave produced = frequency of

the particle = 10 Hz
PH
ë ë
= Ç = &
12. The amplitude of the magnetic field part of a
But =
Ç Ç harmonic electromagnetic wave in vacuum is F
On substituting in (1) = 510 nT. What is the amplitude of the electric
field part of the wave?
& = C ×
OR & = &

" = 510 × 10 = n} ∴ = "
(c) Consider a loop of radius r = 3cm . The
current through the area 3X is &
's
}
2
∴ Current through the area 3{ &% = 3 × 10 × 510 × 10
= 153
3 3û
× 3{ =

GK
13. Suppose that the electric field amplitude of an

By Ampere’s circuital law ∮ ".4$ = 0 x current electromagnetic wave is 5 = 120 N/C and that
3û
in the area B × 2 3{ = 0 ×
its frequency is 6= 50.0 MHz.
3û (a) Determine, F , , k and λ .
∴ B =0 × m = 1.6 × 10 T
(b) Find
expressions for E and B.
. What physical quantity is the same for X-rays of
wavelength @@ m ,red light of wavelength
6800 Å and radio waves of wavelength 500 m. 2 }
= 120 w= 50 × 10 xy n}
=c
Speed is the same ( 3 × 10 m/s)
OR " =
}
= 4 × 10 T

mÁ
9. A plane electromagnetic wave travels in vacuum v = 23w = 3.1 ×
along z – direction. What can you say about the É mÁ
k= = = )
= 1.05 k
directions of its electric and magnetic field λ
7

= 1.5 × 10
) )
λ =l=6m Or λ= É

If the propagation is along z, E is along x and B is (b) c = n}
}
along Y }
" = = 1.6 × 10 T
E = sin(Gy − v©) ¡̂
Or
= 120 sin(1.05y − 3.1 × 10 ©) ¡̂ N/C (c) Average energy density of electric field

B = " sin(Gy − v©) ¤̂ = ì
= 40 × 10 sin (1.05y − 3.1 × 10 ©)¤̂ tesla Average energy density of magnetic field

"
@_. The terminology of different parts of the }
=
.
electromagnetic spectrum is given in the text. } úä ñ} } ñ} }}
=c= = s. =
Use the formula 5 = 89(for energy of a n} } ñ} úõ n
s<} }
n}

= ì 0 n}
quantum of radiation : photon) and obtain the
photon energy in units of f for different parts }

of the electromagnetic spectrum. In what way = ì 0 ø ù = 1
} ñ}
are the different scales of photon energies that úä
OR â = ân
S
=1
you obtain related to the sources of úõ
electromagnetic radiation? h (Planck’s constant =
6.63 × @_ Ïb)
16. Suppose that the electric field part of an
C
electromagnetic wave in vacuum is
É E = {(3.1 N/C) cos [(1.8 rad/m)y +
E = ℎw :ªæ$5 E = .× .t eV
(5.4 × @a ¾¿=/b)*]}¸. »
OR
Putting
E=
)
zλ
=
E=
w=
l
z
)
λ
.× .t λ
Y
. × Hs ××
eV
=
.× r
λ
eV
SI (a) What is the direction of propagation?
(b) What is the wavelength λ ?
(c) What is the frequency 6?
(d) What is the amplitude of the magnetic field
part of the wave?
For radio wave λ = 1 m
PH
(e) Write an expression for the magnetic field
∴ E = 1.24 × 10 eV part of the wave.
For ;, Wave length, . =10m
.× r E = 3.1 cos(1.8y + 5.4 × 10 ©)¡̂
E = eV = 1.24 × 10 eV
. we know E = cos (G´ + v©)¡̂
For ý {¨´ , Wave length, . =10 m
=3.1 k = 1.8 v = 5.4 × 10
.× r
eV = 1.24 × 10 eV etc.
's
E = (a) The wave propagates along – ve Y direction.

t

i.e. Rough value of λ can be obtained by (b) k = Or λ = = . = 3.5 m
λ I
u
multiplying this with power of 10. (c) v = 5.4 × 10 v = 23j ∴ w =
GK
15. In a plane electromagnetic wave, the electric = 0.86 × 10 Hz

} .
field oscillates sinusoidally at a frequency of (d) " = = = 10 × 10 T
) ×
2.0 × @@ Hz and amplitude 48 V m-1. (e) B = " cos (G´ + v©)G£
(a) What is the wavelength of wave? B = 10 × 10 cos (1.8y + 5.4 × 10 ©)G£
(b) What is the amplitude of the oscillating
magnetic field? 17. About 5% of the power of a 100 W light bulb is
(c) Show that the average energy density of the E converted to visible radiation What is the
field equals the average energy density of the B average intensity of visible radiation?
field. [ c=3 × @ Eb@ ] (a) at a distance of 1 m from the bulb?
(b) at a distance of 10 m?
Assume that the radiation is emitted
w= 2× 10 xy = 48 V/m isotropically and neglect reflection.
(a) c = v λ
É
E = h w joule = .× .t eV

Visible power = 100 × = 5 W É )
= z
eV E = λz eV λ
.× Hs ××
(a) Assume that light spreads in the shape of
= 0.86 × 10 m
)
= =
spheres. z .×H ×.× .t
Radius of sphere r = 1 m ∴ ý rays
é1zm
Intensity = m
= × = 0.4 ö/+ 20. Answer the following questions:

(b) At 10 m, Intensity = × = 0.004 ö/+ (a) Long distance radio broadcasts use short –
wave bands. Why?
18. Use the formula λE ` = 0.29 cm K to obtain the
characteristic temperature ranges for .
(b) It is necessary to use satellites for long
distance TV transmission. Why?
λk = 0.29 cm kelvin
.
T= (c)Optical and radio telescopes are built on the
λÜ
S
Here λk = 10 + ground but X-ray astronomy is possible only from
we get T as 2.9 × 10 ? satellites orbiting the earth. Why?
C
19. Given below are some famous numbers (d)The small ozone layer on top of the
associated with electromagnetic radiations in stratosphere is crucial for human survival. Why?
different contexts in physics . State the part of
the electromagnetic spectrum to which each
belongs.
(a)21cm (wavelength emitted by atomic
hydrogen in
Y
interstellar space).
(b)1057 MHZ (frequency of radiation arising from
SI (e) If the earth did not have an atmosphere,
would its average surface temperature be higher
or lower than what it is now?
PH
two close energy level in hydrogen : (f) Some scientists have predicted that a global
Known as Lamb shift nuclear war on the earth would be followed by a
(c)2.7K [temperature associated with the severe’ nuclear winter’ with a devastating effect
isotropic radiation filling all space –thought to be on life on earth. What might be the basis of this
a relic of the big-big origin of the universe] prediction?
's
(d)5890 Å-5896 Å[double lines of sodium]

(e) 14.4 keV [energy of a particular transition in (a) Short waves are reflected by ionosphere.
fÆ nucleus associated with a famous high (b) Frequency of signals is high. It penetrates
GK
resolution spectroscopic method (Mossbauer through ionosphere and are not reflected ∴
spectroscopy) Satellites are essential.
(c) Atmosphere can absorb X rays. Visible light
and radio waves can pass through atmosphere
(a) λ = 21 cm = 21 × 10 + ∴ short wave

(d) Ozone absorbs UV rays from the sun.
(b) v = 1057 MHz = 1057 × 10 Hz ∴ short wave

(e) In the absence of atmosphere, no green house
. . effect and the temperature will not rise. So the
(c) 2.7 K λk = 0.29 ∴ λk = Ò
=
. earth will be at low
= .09 cm = 0.9 × 10 m ∴ microwave. temperature.
(d) 5890 A0 to 5890 A0 (f) A nuclear war may fill the sky with clouds. The
5890 A0 = 5890 × 10 m 5890 A0 sunlight may not reach the earth and the earth
= .5890 × 10 m ∴ Visible light will be as cool as in winter.
(e) E = 14.4 KeV = 14 × 10 eV

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Moving Charges &

F= 20 × 10× $ = 20 × 10 × 10 × 10

solenoid near its centre.

4. A horizontal overhead power line carries a 2-

current of 90 A in east to west direction. What is *

Unique Learning Centre, Ulloor, Tvpm. Mob: 9447471482 Page 81

 × .×. × H other particulars are also unaltered)

(a) 8 = 9"#: sin( : = 3 {  = 3 (8 ×

Unique Learning Centre, Ulloor, Tvpm. Mob: 9447471482 Page 82

A magnetic field set up using Helmholtz coils

(i) Zero remains undeflected when the electrostatic field

Unique Learning Centre, Ulloor, Tvpm. Mob: 9447471482 Page 83

17. A straight horizontal conducting rod of length

(b) If current is reversed , the tension

The wire makes an angle ( with the initial

unit length between the wires if they are 70 cm

(a) 8= 9#:" %&' ( = 9#:" %&' 0 = 0

(b) +  = 0.06¡̂ Am2 "  =0.3G£ T R= -  × H

Unique Learning Centre, Ulloor, Tvpm. Mob: 9447471482 Page 85

(b) In what way the contribution to B from the

semicircle differs from that of a circular loop and

The velocity v of particles is along the  −axis the

Unique Learning Centre, Ulloor, Tvpm. Mob: 9447471482 Page 86

Á moving at a speed of 3 × @Æ b

By Ampere’s law Á [ 1eV = @. a × @@c ]

Unique Learning Centre, Ulloor, Tvpm. Mob: 9447471482 Page 87

8. A 100 turn closely wound circular coil of radius 10 cm

N = 100 r = 10× 10 m # = 3.2 A

9. A cyclotron’s oscillator frequency is 10 MHz. What

Unique Learning Centre, Ulloor, Tvpm. Mob: 9447471482 Page 88

4. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 1.5 Ï`@ lies

Potential energy = −+" ª% ( (ii) ( =1800 ( = 0

= − +" = − 0.32 × 0.15 = −0.048 È

= -1.5 × 0.22(-1 - 1) = 0.66 T.

(b) (i) ( = 90 8 = mB sin(

The dipole will be in unstable equilibrium. (ii) ( = 1800 ∴ 8 = mB sin180 =0

5. A closely wound solenoid of 2000 turns and area

3. A closely wound solenoid of 800 turns and area

+ = #:9 =3x2.5x 10 -4 x 800 = 0.6 J/T m = 4× 1.6 × 10x 2000 = 1.28 A m2

Unique Learning Centre, Ulloor, Tvpm. Mob: 9447471482 Page 89

8. At a certain location in Africa a compass points

Unique Learning Centre, Ulloor, Tvpm. Mob: 9447471482 Page 90

B′Ó = BÓ + B = 0.3195 +0.2 = 0.5195 G L

 12. A short bar magnet of magnetic moment 5.25 ×

mB1 sin( = mB2 sin(

QRN  }

plane is placed at the centre of circular coil of 30

meridian. When the current is in the coil is

Unique Learning Centre, Ulloor, Tvpm. Mob: 9447471482 Page 91

(EfÞc.@@ × @ @c ß).

  17. A Rowland ring of mean radius 15 cm has 3500

R MÎ  magnetic field B in the core for a magnetizing

Unique Learning Centre, Ulloor, Tvpm. Mob: 9447471482 Page 92

20. What is the magnitude of the equatorial and

Unique Learning Centre, Ulloor, Tvpm. Mob: 9447471482 Page 93

(on the normal bisector)

For the configuration è for which è is along the

The magnetic moment of è is parallel to the

Unique Learning Centre, Ulloor, Tvpm. Mob: 9447471482 Page 94

2. A rectangular wire loop of sides 8 cm and 2 cm

component of the earth’s magnetic field,

induced in the wire

j =1 cm s-1= 1 × 10-2m s-1

F= 20 × 10× $ = 20 × 10 × 10 × 10

×.×. × H other particulars are also unaltered)

(a) 8 = 9"#: sin( : = 3 { = 3 (8 ×

(b) + = 0.06¡̂ Am2 " =0.3G£ T R= - × H

The velocity v of particles is along the −axis the

Á moving at a speed of 3 × @Æ b

By Ampere’s law Á [ 1eV = @. a × @@c ]

N = 100 r = 10× 10 m # = 3.2 A

4. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 1.5 Ï`@ lies

Potential energy = −+" ª% ( (ii) ( =1800 ( = 0

+ = #:9 =3x2.5x 10 -4 x 800 = 0.6 J/T m = 4× 1.6 × 10x 2000 = 1.28 A m2

12. A short bar magnet of magnetic moment 5.25 ×

mB1 sin( = mB2 sin(

QRN }

(EfÞc.@@ × @ @c ß).

17. A Rowland ring of mean radius 15 cm has 3500

R MÎ magnetic field B in the core for a magnetizing

For the configuration è for which è is along the

Let # be the current in the outer coil.

The inductive resistance, ýþ = 23j

For 800 kHz, A. A 100 capacitor in series with a 40 Ω

The intensity at this distance is V =

(b) Yes, & = ∈

15. In a plane electromagnetic wave, the electric = 0.86 × 10 Hz

(a) λ = 21 cm = 21 × 10 + ∴ short wave