Dynamic simulation

Dynamic simulation (or dynamic system simulation) is the use of a computer program to model the time varying behavior of a
system. The systems are typically described by ordinary differential equations or partial differential equations. As mathematical
models incorporate real-world constraints, like gear backlash and rebound from a hard stop, equations become nonlinear. This
requires numerical methods to solve the equations. A numerical simulation is done by stepping through a time interval and
calculating the integral of the derivatives by approximating the area under the derivative curves. Some methods use a fixed step
through the interval, and others use an adaptive step that can shrink or grow automatically to maintain an acceptable error tolerance.
Some methods can use different time steps in different parts of the simulation model. Industrial uses of dynamic simulation are many
and range from nuclear power, steam turbines, 6 degree of freedom vehicle modeling, electric moto
rs, econometric models, biological
systems, robot arms, mass spring dampers, hydraulic systems, and drug dose migration through the human body to name a few
. These
models can often be run in real time to give a virtual response close to the actual system. This is useful in process control and
mechatronic systems for tuning the automatic control systems before they are connected to the real system, or for human training
before they control the real system. Simulation is also used in computer games and animation and can be accelerated by using a
physics engine, the technology used in many powerful computer graphics software programs, like 3ds Max, Maya, Lightwave, and
many others to simulate physical characteristics. In computer animation, things like hair, cloth, liquid, fire, and particles can be easily
modeled, while the human animator animates simpler objects. Computer-based dynamic animation was first used at a very simple
level in the 1989 Pixar short film Knick Knack to move the fake snow in the snowglobe and pebbles in a fish tank.

Example of dynamic simulation

This animation was made with a
software system dynamics, with a
3D modeler. The calculated values
are associated with parameters of
the rod and crank. In this example
the crank is driving, we vary both
the speed of rotation, its radius and
the length of the rod, the piston
follows.

See also
ADAMS— Software for
simulating Automatic
Piston motion equations
Dynamics Analysis of
Mechanical System
SimulationX— Software for
simulating multi-domain dynamic systems
AMESim — Software for simulating multi-domain dynamic systems
AGX Multiphysics — A physics engine for simulating multi-domain dynamic systems
EcosimPro — A simulation tool for modelling continuous-discrete systems
Hopsan — Software for simulating multi-domain dynamic systems
MapleSim — Software for simulating multi-domain dynamic systems
Modelica — A non-proprietary, object-oriented, equation based language for dynamic simulation
Physics engine
VisSim — A visual language for nonlinear dynamic simulation
EICASLAB — A software suite allowing nonlinear dynamic simulation
PottersWheel — A Matlab toolbox to calibrate parameters of dynamic systems
 Simcad Pro — A dynamic and interactive discrete event simulation software

External links
Textbook and lectures on dynamic simulation

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