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Example of Brayton Cycle - Problem With Solution
Example of Brayton Cycle - Problem With Solution
Example of Brayton Cycle - Problem With Solution
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Let assume the closed Brayton cycle, which is the one of most common thermodynamic cycles
that can be found in modern gas turbine engines. In this case assume a helium gas turbine with
single compressor and single turbine arrangement. One of key parameters of such engines is the
maximum turbine inlet temperature and the compressor pressure ratio (PR = p2/p1) which
determines the thermal efficiency of such engine.
Kate
In thisAcademic
turbine the high-pressure stage receives gas (point 3 at the figure) from a heat exchanger:
Consultant
p3 = 6.7 MPa;
T3 = 1190 K (917°C))
the isentropic turbine efficiency is ηT = 0.91 (91%)
and exhaust it to another heat exchanger, where the outlet pressure is (point 4):
p4 = 2.78 MPa
T4,is = ?
Thus the compressor pressure ratio is equal to PR = 2.41. Moreover we know, that the compressor
receives gas (point 1) at the figure:
p1 = 2.78 MPa;
T1 = 299 K (26°C)
the isentropic compressor efficiency ηK = 0.87 (87%).
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Calculate:
Solution:
1) + 2)
Kate
From Academic
the first law of thermodynamics, the net heat added is given by Qadd,ex = H3 – H2 [kJ] or Qadd
Consultant
= Cp.(T3-T2s), but in this case we do not know the temperature (T2s) at the outlet of the compressor.
We will solve this problem in intensive variables. We have to rewrite the previous equation (to
include ηK) using the term (+h1 – h1) to:
Then we will calculate the temperature, T2s, using p, V, T Relation (from Ideal Gas Law) for adiabatic
process between (1 → 2).
In this equation the factor for helium is equal to =cp/cv=1.66. From the previous equation follows
that the compressor outlet temperature, T2s, is:
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Specific Heat Calculation
Using this temperature and the isentropic compressor efficiency we can calculate the heat added
by the heat exchanger:
Qadd = cp(T3-T1) – (cp(T2s-T1)/ηK) = 5200.(1190 – 299) – 5200.(424-299)/0.87 = 4.633 MJ/kg – 0.747
MJ/kg = 3.886 MJ/kg
3)
The work done on the gas by the compressor in the isentropic compression process is:
The real work done on the gas by the compressor in the adiabatic compression is then:
4)
Kate
The turbine outlet
Academic temperature of the gas, T4,is, can be calculated using the same p, V, T
Consultant
Relation as in 2) but between states 3 and 4:
From the previous equation follows that the outlet temperature of the gas, T4,is, is:
5)
W
We use
= c (T – T ) = 5200 x (1190 – 839) = 1.825 MJ/kg
T,scookies
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The real work done by gas turbine in the adiabatic expansion is then:
6)
As was derived in the previous section, the thermal efficiency of an ideal Brayton cycle is a
function of pressure ratio and κ:
therefore
The thermal efficiency can be also calculated using the work and the heat (without ηK):
Kate
References:
Academic Consultant
See above:
Brayton Cycle
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