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ORGANIZED CRIME INVESTIGATION - Docx 1 PDF
ORGANIZED CRIME INVESTIGATION - Docx 1 PDF
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INVESTIGATION
• AN ENFORCER
➢ the one who makes for the
arrangements for the killing
(injuring or carrying out the task
physically, economically or
psychologically) the members or
non members.
• A CORRUPTER
- the one who corrupts or bribes,
intimidate or threatens, negotiate
or “sweet talks” into a
relationship with public
officials, law enforcement
officer, or anyone who would be of
help in obtaining security and
immunity from possible arrest,
prosecution and punishments.
• A CORRUPTEE
- a public official, law
enforcement officer or anybody who
not a member of the organization
who helps the organization.
OMERTA
➢ is a code of silence and secrecy that
forbids Mafiosi from betraying their
comrades to the authorities.
The foundation of the entire mafia is
respect. Fear is the engine, and money is
the fuel. But longevity of the mafia as
an enterprise is built upon an abiding
and uncommon sense of respect.
According to legend, the word Mafia
was first used in the Sicilian revolt –
the Sicilian Vespers – against rule of
the Capetian House of Anjou on 30 March
1282. In this legend, Mafia is the
acronym for "Morte Alla Francia, Italia
Anela" (Italian for "Death to France,
Italy cries!"). However, this version is
now discarded by most serious historians.
In the Midwest
The Latino gang coalesced into two
syndicates, the Folk Nation and the
Peoples Nation based in Chicago.
In Texas, Mexican American gangs have
proliferated with the Mexican Mafia,
the PRM (Partido Revolucionario
Mexicano), and Mexicles being the most
prominent.
REPUBLIC OF KOREA
KEANDAL EMENING SCARUPS
Although not considered as criminal
groups, they also engage in criminal
activities someway to help the weak and
the poor. They are notable for their
loyalty and faithfulness.
Organized criminal groups come in the
form of political groups used as henchmen
to attack political rivals
Several organized groups are
associated with YAKUZA and other groups
in the United States are involved mostly
in drug trafficking, prostitution and
exploitation of women.
MYANMAR
Myanmar has the largest organized
crime groups controlled by military
Junta. It includes the following: *United
Wa State Army (UWSA) – under the command
of Wei-Huseh-Kong – has connection with
Southeast Asian and North America. *
Kinkang Chinese – in coordination with
MNDAA, protects cultivation areas and
refining of drugs. * Myanmar National
Democratic Alliance Army – control the
plantations and refine opium into heroin
and also produced methamphetamine.
Trafficking of women and children to
Pakistan and Thailand and corruption are
also some of the activities of the group.
TAIWAN
Taiwan organized crime has close
connection with the Chinese Triads and
Hong Kong particularly the United Bamboo
Gang. They are involved in drug
trafficking, prostitution, women and
child trafficking.
SINGAPORE
This is the country with the lowest
cases of organized activities due to
stringent laws and severe penalties and
the government’s strong will power for
the implementation of laws.
THAILAND
The country considered to be the most
notorious in the world in terms of sex
industry. Supplies or imports about one
(1) million women in different countries
in Asia.
VIETNAM
“Nam Cam Gang” is one of the most
noted organized crime group in Vietnam
and known for drug trafficking and one of
the major transit point of drugs in Laos,
Myanmar, China and Taiwan from Cambodia.
PHILIPPINES
The country considered as the heaven
for the sex industry. A number of women
are sent abroad as entertainers but later
end-up as prostitutes. Thailand, Japan
and other Asian Countries are common
places of their destination. Young
children for pedophiles are also being
catered.
1. Francisco Group
- Dragon or Kuratong Baleleng Group, now
led by Manuel Francisco, operates in
Visayas and Mindanao
2. Pentagon Group
- operates in Mindanao headed by Tahir
Alonto, a creation of MILF to generate
funds. Alonto is a nephew of MILF
Chairman AL HAJ MURAD
3. Lexus Group
- specializes in carnapping and operates
in NCR and Luzon
4. Rex “Wacky” Salud Group
- engaged in illegal gambling and
operates in Cebu
5. Vic Yu Group
- engages in illegal gambling and
operates in Visayas.
6. Superable Family
- a kidnapping for ransom (KFR) group
with a 1 Million prize for the leader’s
head who was killed in action during a
shoot-out with law enforcers
7. Martires KFR group
- killed in Action (KIA)
8. Waray-Waray Group
- an ethnic group engaged in kidnap for
ransom operations. Members are either
belong from the family clan or natives
from Samar and Leyte. Their leader was
arrested on September 24, 2005.
9. Lupo Rhu Group
- lead by Lupo Miguel Tuliao; Agustin
Cavilan; and Nestor Merin.
TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
➢ A continuing illegal activity of group
of person which is primarily concerned
with the generation of profits,
irrespective of national boundaries as
a result of globalization.
GLOBALIZATION
➢ refers to the rapid development of the
western culture that ultimately
affects other cultures in the world as
brought by intellectual and
technological advances, in which some
crimes occurring in other countries
are attributed.
TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME
➢ is a crime perpetuated by organized
criminal group which the aim of
committing one or more serious crimes
or offenses in order to obtain
directly or indirectly, a financial or
other material benefits committed
through crossing of borders or
jurisdictions
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL GROUP
➢ shall mean a structured group of three
or more persons, existing for a period
of time and acting in concert with the
aim of committing or more serious
crimes or offenses established in
accordance with this convention, in
order to obtain, directly or
indirectly , a financial or material
benefit
SERIOUS CRIME
➢ shall mean conduct constituting an
offence punishable by maximum
deprivation of liberty of at least
four years or a more serious penalty
TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES
1. Trafficking in Persons
2. Terrorism
3. Drug Trafficking
4. Cybercrime
5. Money Laundering
6. Environmental Crime
7. Economic crime
8. Intellectual Property Theft
9. Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships
10. Illicit Trade (smuggling) of Small
Arms and Light Weapons
1. HUMAN TRAFFICKING
TRAFFICKING IN PERSON (TIP)
➢ a form of modern-day slavery
➢ refers to the recruitment,
transportation, transfer or harboring,
or receipt of persons with or without
the victim's consent or knowledge,
within or across national borders by
means of threat or use of force, or
other forms of coercion, abduction,
fraud, deception, abuse of power or of
position, taking advantage of the
vulnerability of the person, or, the
giving or receiving of payments or
benefits to achieve the consent of a
person having control over another
person for the purpose of exploitation
which includes at a minimum, the
exploitation or the prostitution of
others or other forms of sexual
exploitation, forced labor or
services, slavery, servitude or the
removal or sale of organs.
Phishing
- sending fraudulent e-mails or website
pop-ups, to get victims to divulge
sensitive financial information such as
credit card numbers or social security
numbers
Distributed Denial of Service Attacks
- DDoS attacks can be committed by
employing multiple computers controlled
by a single master computer server to
target a particular server by bombarding
it with thousands of packets of data in
an attempt to overwhelm the server and
cause it to crash
Website defacement
- is the unauthorized modification of a
website
3. TERRORISM
➢ the word terror derives from the Latin
word terrere, meaning “to frighten”
➢ the use or threatened use of force
design to bring about political
change. (Brian Jenkins of the Rand
Corporation)
➢ Paul Pillar, an erstwhile deputy chief
of the CIA counter-terrorist center,
opined that terrorism has four basic
components or elements providing
guides to defining it, namely:
1. It is premeditated, planned in
advance, rather an impulsive act of
rage;
2. It is political and not
criminal, but designed to change
existing political order;
3. It is aimed at civilians and
not a military targets or combat ready
troops; and
4. Sub-national groups execute it,
not the army of a given country.
INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM
➢ politically-oriented extreme violence
that is perpetrated by residents or
representatives of one or more
countries against the interest of
another country or by members of a
violent foreign politically directed
organization not affiliated with the
country being attacked for the purpose
of forcing a change in government or
in how society functions
Al Qaeda
- in Arabic, this means The Base
- founded by Osama bin Laden in 1980
Osama bin Laden
- Organized al Qaeda
- born in 1955 or 1957 in the city of
Riyadh
- responsible for truly heinous
terrorist incidents, including the 2001
destruction of the World Trade Center
(WTC) died killed in Pakistan on May 2,
2011 (Operation Neptune Spear)
Ayman Mohammed Rabie al-Zawahiri
- Born June 19, 1951
- An Egyptian physician, Islamic
theologian and current leader of al-
Qaeda.
Hamas
- "enthusiasm“
- an acronym of Ḥarakat al-Muqāwamah al-
ʾIslāmiyyah "Islamic Resistance
Movement")
- is the Palestinian Sunni Islamic or
Islamist political party that governs the
Gaza Strip.
- Sheikh Ahmed Yassin & Mahmoud Zahar
- “Hamas is an extremist group...it is
one of the deadliest terrorist
organizations in the world today.” George
W. Bush
Hezbollah
- literally "Party of God“
- is a Shi'a Muslim militant group and
political party based in Lebanon.
- receives financial and political
support from Iran and Syria, and its
paramilitary wing is regarded as a
resistance movement throughout much of
the Arab and Muslim worlds
- the United States, the Netherlands
United Kingdom, Israel, Australia, and
Canada classify Hezbollah as a terrorist
organization, in whole or in part
Jemaah Islamiya
- Dates of operation: 1993- present
- Aliases: "Islamic Congregation, Islamic
Community, Islamic Group
- Base of Operation: Indonesia; Malaysia;
Philippines; Singapore
- Founding Philosophy: Create an Islamic
state across Southeast Asia to include
Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei,
southern Thailand, and southern
Philippines.
- JI was added to the United Nations 1267
Committee's list of terrorist
organizations linked to al-Qaeda or the
Taliban on 25 October 2002 under UN
Security Council Resolution 1267
DOMESTIC TERRORISM
- politically oriented extreme violence
that is perpetrated by residents of a
country within that country in order to
force a change in government or how in
society functions
TERRORISTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Rajah Solaiman Movement
- aka “Balik Islam” or “Back To Islam”
- founder Hilarion del Rosario Santos III
aka Hannah Santos, aka Ahmed Santos, aka
Hilarion del Rosario, converted to Islam
in 1993 and married into the top ranks of
the leadership of the Abu Sayyaf Group
(ASG)
- one of the latest groups affiliated
with ASG, MILF and JI
Jihad
- the term which refers to the holy war
waged by members of the Islamic religion
against the Jews.
IDEOLOGY
- body of ideas affecting the social
needs and aspirations of an individual or
group, a class or a culture”
- Bovier defines it as “a set of
doctrines or beliefs that from the basis
of a political, economic and other
systems”.
TERRORIST TACTICS
1. Bombings
2. Assassinations and Assaults
3. Kidnapping
4. Hostage-taking/skyjacking
5. Weapons of mass destruction (WMD)
1. Anthrax
- a single cell organism that is produced
by a fermentation process, such as that
by which beer is made
- caused by Bacillus anthracis and the
effects of exposure include a severe
infection that attacks the skin, lungs,
and gastrointestinal tract
- direct contact will cause formation of
dry scabs all over the victims body and
can develop into systematic infection
- when inhaled, the agent attacks the
respiratory system with symptoms
appearing from one to seven days
2. Botulinum toxin
- a protein made by the clostridium
botulinum bacteria
- exposure to the toxin, the nerve cell
synapses are affected, causing palsy,
spasms, and then paralysis
3. Brucellosis
- also known as undulant fever
- symptoms can include intermittent or
prolonged fever, headaches, profuse
sweating, chills, pains in the joints and
muscles and fatigue
4. Cholera
- an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by Vibrio Cholerasymptoms
include a sudden onset of nausea and or vomiting accompanied by
severe diarrhea and a rapid loss of body fluids
5. Plague
- in natural transmittal form, the plague
may the bubonic plague, or black death
that eradicated a great number of
European in the middle ages
- transmitted from person to person by
respiratory transmission, through rats,
or from the bite of an infected flea
- symptoms are high fever accompanied by
general aches, severe weakness, and
pneumonia
6. Typhoid fever
- caused by an organism called salmonella
typhosa which causes fever and frontal
headaches and is usually accompanied by
rose colored spots on the skin
- must employed through food and limited
water contamination
7. Rickettsia
- disease that appears in domesticated
animals such as sheep, cattle, and goats
- spread to human through inhalation of
particles contaminated with organism
- incubation period, ranging from 10 to
14 days
BOMBING
Terrorist commit bombings for a number of
reasons:
1. To gain media attention, particularly
the target is visible or symbolic.
2. Bombing is a cost effective and
efficient way to attack a facility.
3. Bombing can be accomplished with a
small number of personnel.
4. Bombing is inexpensive in comparison
to alternatives such as kidnapping or
hostage-taking.
5. Random bombing make a considerable
impact on the population, because more
people fear a bomb attack than being
kidnapped or taken hostage.
6. Explosives are readily available
through theft, sympathetic supporters, or
purchase. Explosives can be constructed
through the use legitimately purchased
chemicals, fertilizers, and other
material.
Types of bombers
1. Amateur
- can be described as experiments
2. Professional
- builds or bombs or does both for profit
3. Psychopathic
- acts without rhyme or reason
4. Suicidal
- major attack weapon in recent years,
particularly among Islamic terrorist
groups
R.A. 9372
- Human Security Act of 2007
- Approved on March 6, 2007
- Effective on May 15, 2007
Terrorism
– any person who commits an act
punishable under any of the following
provisions of the RPC: (Sec. 3)
1. Article 122 (Piracy in General and Mutiny in the
High Seas or in the Philippine Waters);
2. Article 134 (Rebellion or Insurrection);
3. Article 134-a (Coup d’ etat), including acts committed by private persons;
4. Article 248 (Murder);
5. Article 267 (Kidnapping and Serious Illegal Detention);
6. Article 324 (Crimes Involving Destruction)
or under
1. Presidential Decree No. 1613 (The Law on Arson);
2. Republic Act No. 6969 (Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control
Act of 1990);
3. Republic Act No. 5207, (Atomic Energy Regulatory and Liability Act of 1968);
4. Republic Act No. 6235 (Anti-Hijacking Law);
5. Presidential Decree No. 532 (Anti-piracy and Anti-highway Robbery Law of 1974);
and,
6. Presidential Decree No. 1866, as amended (Decree Codifying the Laws on Illegal
and Unlawful Possession, Manufacture, Dealing in, Acquisition or Disposition of
Firearms, Ammunitions or Explosives)thereby sowing and creating a condition of
widespread and extraordinary fear and panic among the populace, in order to coerce
the government to give in to an unlawful demand shall be guilty of the crime of
terrorism and shall suffer the penalty of forty (40) years of imprisonment, without
the benefit of parole as provided for under Act No. 4103, otherwise known as the
Indeterminate Sentence Law, as amended.
R.A. 9372, SEC. 4. Conspiracy to Commit
Terrorism
- Persons who conspire to commit the
crime of terrorism shall suffer the
penalty of forty (40) years of
imprisonment
- There is conspiracy when two or more
persons come to an agreement concerning
the commission of the crime of terrorism
4. MONEY LAUNDERING
➢ “Covers all procedures to change,
obscure or conceal the beneficial
ownership or audit trail of illegally
obtained money or valuables so that it
appears to have originated from a
legitimate source.”
➢ “A process through which the existence
of an illegal source of unlawful
application of illicit gains is
concealed or disguised to make the
gains legitimate, thereby helping to
evade detection, prosecution, seizure
and taxation.”
“Money Laundering” is called what it
is because the term perfectly describes
what takes place, illegal or dirty money
is put through a cycle of transactions,
or “washed”, or “laundered”, so that it
comes out the other end as legal, or
clean money.
In other words, the source of
illegally obtained funds is obscured
through a succession of transfers and
deals in order that those funds can
eventually be made to appear legitimate
income.
Laundering of Proceeds
- Mix dirty money with legitimate funds
- Use dirty money for legitimate purposes
- Invest dirty money in legitimate
business/es
5. ARM SMUGGLING
Smuggling
➢ also known as trafficking, is the
clandestine transportation of goods or
persons past a point where prohibited,
such as out of a building, into a
prison, or across an international
border, in violation of the law or
other rules
What are FIREARMS?
- includes handguns, revolvers, pistols,
rifles, muskets, carbines, shotguns,
cannons and all other deadly weapons from
which a bullet, ball, shot, shall or
other missile may be discharged by means
of gunpowder or other explosives
- also includes air rifles and air
pistols not classified as toys under
the provisions of Executive Order No.
712 dated 28 July 1981. The barrel of
any firearm shall be considered a
complete firearm.
FIREARMS TRAFFICKING
➢ refers to the act of any person who,
through the use of any fraudulent
machinations, shall import or bring
into, or export from, the Philippines,
or assist in so doing, any firearm or
parts thereof, explosive or ammunition
or machine, implements, equipments or
tools for the manufacture of firearms.
➢ shall likewise refer to the act of any
person who, contrary to law, shall:
receive, conceal, buy, sell, or in
any manner facilitate the
transportation, concealment or sale of
said firearms or parts thereof,
explosive or ammunition or machine,
implements, equipments or tools for the
manufacture of firearms, ammunition or
explosives after importation, knowing
the same to have been imported contrary
to law.
8. ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME
➢ the deliberate evasion of
environmental laws and regulations by
individuals and companies in the
pursuit of “personal interest and
benefit.” Where these activities
involve movements across national
boundaries, or impacts upon the world
as a whole, they can be termed
"international environmental crime”
9. ECONOMIC CRIME
➢ referred to as commercial crimes and
known also as “white collar” crimes
➢ any act characterized by fraud,
concealment, or a violation of trust
and are not dependent upon the
application or threat of physical
force or violence